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Bienvenidos a Misterios del Nilo, tu destino para explorar la fascinante civilización del Antiguo Egipto. En este canal, viajamos en el tiempo para descubrir los secretos de los faraones, los enigmas de las pirámides y las maravillas que florecieron a orillas del Nilo. Nuestra misión es hacer la historia accesible y emocionante.
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00:00Today we're going to talk about something you won't believe, one of the biggest wars that changed the
00:06history, the First Crusade.
00:09If you thought these wars were only about land or a king, you're misunderstanding history.
00:16This campaign was a huge conflict, not only with armies, but also a religious war between two worlds.
00:25between East and West, between Christians and Muslims, with one clear objective: to recover Jerusalem.
00:34But before we get into the details of the battle, it's important to know that Europe at that time was very...
00:40weak,
00:41full of conflicts between kingdoms, with an economy in crisis and the Catholic Church trying to reaffirm its power.
00:49Suddenly, in the midst of all that, Pope Urban II stood before the world in 1995 and launched
00:59a call that changed everything.
01:01Go and fight to retake Jerusalem.
01:04It was no ordinary call; it was a call to Holy War, a call from the Church to unite all
01:11Europe under one flag.
01:14Jerusalem was in the hands of the Muslims at that time, and for them it was a holy city.
01:20But for Christians, it was a huge religious symbol.
01:24Pope Urban set a clear goal: to return the holy city to the Christians.
01:30It was a huge objective, and whoever took part was committing to the greatest struggle known in the Middle Ages.
01:38After the call, people all over Europe began preparing for battle.
01:43Nobody imagined the difficulties and problems they would face along the way.
01:48But there was something stronger than any difficulty: faith and determination to reclaim Jerusalem.
01:55This campaign was the beginning of one of the longest and most difficult wars in history.
02:00Every step they took, every battle they fought, brought them closer and closer to their great goal.
02:07How did the crusade begin? How did they prepare? What challenges did they face along the way?
02:13These are questions that we will answer in detail.
02:16But first, remember to subscribe to the channel and turn on notifications so you don't miss anything about this story.
02:23At the beginning of the 11th century, Europe was unstable, full of internal conflicts between kingdoms.
02:29The Catholic Church was the real force that controlled much of political and religious life.
02:36The Christian kingdoms were preoccupied with their internal wars,
02:40While the holy lands in the East were under Muslim control, especially Jerusalem,
02:46considered the cradle of Christianity.
02:48The Church needed a major success that would restore its prestige and reaffirm its power.
02:54The problems that Europe faced at that time were many.
02:58But from there a real religious force was born.
03:01A force that not only had spiritual influence, but also political and military power.
03:08Pope Urban II was one of those leaders who saw in the recovery of Jerusalem
03:13an opportunity to restore the prestige of the Church and, at the same time, unite all of Europe under its rule.
03:20The Pope knew that what was happening in Jerusalem was important not only for Christians,
03:25but it also had a huge impact on European society.
03:30Jerusalem was the heart of the Christian faith.
03:33All the great churches and sacred symbols were there.
03:36And the control of the city was not only military, but spiritual.
03:40Whoever controlled it would have control over an enormous religious legacy.
03:44In 1095, Pope Urban launched his famous call,
03:48not only for warriors, but for all Christians in Europe.
03:52Their goal was to motivate them to fight to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim hands.
03:57Furthermore, this call also offered assistance to those suffering from financial hardship.
04:02the opportunity for a great purpose.
04:05Not just fighting for land, but for spiritual salvation.
04:09Pope Urban was not the only one who thought about Jerusalem.
04:12European kings also had intentions of expanding their influence in the East.
04:17But his call was the spark that ignited the first crusade.
04:21People from all over Europe began to head east,
04:24not only in search of plunder, but to leave their mark on history
04:28and participate in the recovery of the Holy City.
04:30This is how it all began, a huge step that led to amazing transformations
04:35and changed the course of the world for centuries.
04:38After the summons of Pope Urban in 1095,
04:41Europe began to move, but it was not easy at all.
04:44Organizing a crusade of this size wasn't done in a day.
04:48It was a gigantic process: recruiting soldiers, raising money,
04:52to buy weapons and psychologically prepare people for the battle that would change their history.
04:57First, we must understand that this crusade
04:58It wasn't just a fight between equal armies.
05:01It was primarily a religious war.
05:04The people were not just soldiers, but believers in a holy war,
05:08with a very strong religious impulse.
05:10The church promised them heaven and salvation.
05:13And so it all began, millions of people ready to march into holy war.
05:17Even ordinary people in Europe, including the poor, decided to join the crusade.
05:24For them, fighting in the crusade was not just a military act, but a religious one.
05:30Preparations began on a large scale.
05:33The kings of Europe gathered their armies.
05:35One of the strongest leaders of that era was Raymond IV of Toulouse,
05:40who led the forces in southern France.
05:42Also present was George IV, King of Hungary, who joined with his own army.
05:48And he thinks it wasn't just one big battle,
05:52but of faith and a huge religious cause.
05:55Each person felt they had a sacred mission.
05:59The big problem was financing.
06:01The crusade needed a lot of money.
06:04The church began to contribute significantly,
06:08both through donations and by raising money through taxes in European lands.
06:12All of this was to equip huge armies with weapons and everything necessary.
06:18The goal was to have the crusade ready at the highest military level.
06:21But there were also social problems due to the large number of combatants,
06:26from poor farmers to experienced warriors.
06:29The challenge was in training and organizing them.
06:32The armies were a mix of peasants, nobles, and professional soldiers,
06:37each one fighting for different reasons.
06:39But they all shared something: faith in salvation and a common goal.
06:45Furthermore, the journey was going to be long and difficult.
06:48It was not possible for the entire army to move at the same time from Europe to the East.
06:53Therefore, the crusade was divided into several parts,
06:56each group advancing at different times to meet on the road to Jerusalem.
07:00With all these preparations, people didn't know exactly what to expect.
07:05The predictions said the journey would be full of difficulties,
07:09Financial problems, extreme weather, and conflicts along the way.
07:13But there was no other option.
07:15The crusade began.
07:16And everything was ready for the biggest religious battle of the Middle Ages.
07:21Once everything was ready, the armies began to move.
07:25But the road ahead was not easy, nor was it free of problems.
07:29People were...
07:30They thought they would arrive quickly,
07:33But they were not prepared for the long and difficult road ahead.
07:38The first stage was crossing the Mediterranean Sea.
07:41And that phase was full of challenges.
07:44The armies moved by ship, and some on horseback or mules.
07:48having to cross different territories.
07:51The Mediterranean was full of dangers,
07:54such as pirate attacks and problems with army supplies.
07:58Even so, European armies reached the Asian coast
08:02And they were at the beginning of the journey towards their great goal, Jerusalem.
08:07But the sea wasn't the only obstacle.
08:09Problems began to arise from the very beginning.
08:12due to major differences between the leaders.
08:15For example, there were disagreements between Godfrey of Bouillon and Raymond IV
08:19about the Ateque plan.
08:21Each one wanted to take different routes to reach the goal.
08:25At the same time, there was some chaos among the soldiers,
08:28between tensions and fear of the unknown.
08:31But despite all that,
08:32The army began to move into the territories
08:35that were under Muslim control.
08:37This is where the real difficulties began to appear.
08:41The army was tired and the weather was extremely harsh.
08:45Food shortages arose due to a lack of resources
08:49and the difficulty in obtaining water and food.
08:52They were forced to rely on raids into the territories they passed through.
08:57Nobody imagined that the difficulties would be so great.
09:00The mountain paths were very steep.
09:03And over time, diseases began to appear among the soldiers.
09:07The health situation was very bad,
09:10But despite all the obstacles,
09:12The soldiers were confident that they were going to achieve a great objective.
09:16And morale was high.
09:18After a long and hard battle in Anatolia,
09:21The crusaders achieved a decisive victory,
09:24But the road was still long.
09:26Along the way they depended on each other
09:28And they trusted that they could overcome all difficulties through faith.
09:31that they were on a sacred mission.
09:34Despite the tiredness and suffering,
09:36The soldiers were highly motivated
09:38because they were sure they were heading towards the most important goal of their lives,
09:43reclaim Jerusalem.
09:44After a long journey,
09:46The Crusader armies arrived at the city of Nicaea,
09:49located in Anatolia,
09:50which at that time was under the control of the Muslim Eljucids.
09:54For the crusaders,
09:55Nicaea was a very important strategic point.
09:59When they arrived,
09:59They understood that it was a crucial point,
10:02could determine if they would continue towards Jerusalem
10:04or they would be trapped on the path that separates East and West.
10:08But attacking the city wasn't going to be easy.
10:11Nicaea was very well fortified.
10:13And the city was protected by enormous walls and tall towers.
10:18The Muslims had prepared to defend it very strongly,
10:22under the command of Kilich Arslan,
10:24prince of the Elyucids,
10:26who knew that the attack on the city would be a crucial point.
10:30But the crusaders were not willing to leave the city so easily.
10:35They began to besiege it from all sides,
10:38using the classic tactics of ancient warfare,
10:41besiege the city until it surrendered.
10:44The siege lasted a long time
10:46And there was great suffering on both sides.
10:49The crusader soldiers were extremely exhausted,
10:53especially after the long and difficult journey.
10:56But at the same time they had a strong reason.
10:59They were on a sacred mission
11:01and they had to recapture Jerusalem.
11:04Despite the difficulties,
11:06Another surprise arrived.
11:07The Crusader Leaders
11:09They received news that the Seljuk army
11:11was suffering from a severe shortage of supplies
11:14and needed urgent help.
11:16As the siege dragged on,
11:18Crusader reinforcements arrived from France,
11:21which further strengthened the siege.
11:23But what really changed the course of the siege
11:26It was the intervention of the Byzantine army.
11:29The Byzantine Empire,
11:31under the command of Emperor Alexius I Komnenos,
11:34decided to participate in the campaign.
11:36The Byzantines sent their forces
11:38to support the crusaders in the siege of the city.
11:41Over time,
11:42the pressure on Muslim forces
11:44increased significantly.
11:46Finally,
11:47after about three weeks of intense siege,
11:49The city began to surrender.
11:52Kilich Arslan,
11:53leader of the Seljuk army,
11:55He decided to leave the city
11:56to avoid further losses.
11:58This decision had a great impact on Muslims,
12:01because Nicaea was like the first line of defense
12:03before arriving in Jerusalem.
12:05The city fell into the hands of the crusaders.
12:07And it was a great victory on his journey.
12:09But this siege was not just a normal military battle.
12:13It was a message for anyone.
12:14that he doubted the ability of the crusaders
12:16to succeed.
12:18Following the great victory at the siege of Nicaea,
12:20The morale of the crusaders was sky high.
12:22But the road to Jerusalem
12:24It was still full of great challenges
12:26and unexpected surprises.
12:27In the midst of these difficult circumstances
12:30The battle of Dorileium arrived,
12:31which became one of the most important
12:33of the First Crusade,
12:34as a true test of the will
12:36and the determination of the crusading army.
12:38The crusaders were extremely tired
12:41after months of marching through difficult terrain,
12:43and their forces needed rest and supplies.
12:45But despite the tiredness,
12:47They had no other option but to fight.
12:49The city of Dorileium was under control
12:52of the Sejuk Turks,
12:53those who were prepared
12:55to confront any attempted assault.
12:58At first, the battle was very difficult.
13:01There were doubts among the soldiers
13:02because they thought the Sejucid army,
13:05led by experienced commanders,
13:07It would be very difficult to defeat.
13:09But the crusaders had something more,
13:11their faith that they were on a sacred mission,
13:14and his desire to reclaim Jerusalem.
13:16That was his greatest motivation.
13:19The crusaders decided to use a surprise tactic,
13:22a swift and mobile attack against the Turkish army,
13:25moving unexpectedly.
13:27The battle was intense,
13:29But in the end they managed to use this tactic to their advantage.
13:32The Sejuc army began to disorganize,
13:35and in a few hours,
13:36Their ranks began to retreat.
13:39What made this battle special,
13:41It wasn't just the military victory,
13:43but also the psychological impact.
13:45The crusaders gained great self-confidence,
13:47and they began to feel safe,
13:49that victory was very close.
13:51But the truth is that the triumph at Dorilaeum,
13:54It was not easy, nor was it without sacrifices.
13:55There were many casualties,
13:57especially among the least trained soldiers,
13:59peasants and new recruits.
14:01Even so,
14:02The final result was decisive.
14:04The great defeat of the Sejuc army
14:06eliminated one of the biggest threats
14:08that the crusaders faced on their journey.
14:10After this battle,
14:12The crusaders felt they were on the right path,
14:14and that Jerusalem,
14:15its ultimate goal,
14:16It was very close.
14:18Dorilaeum was marked as a milestone in his campaign,
14:21proving that they could win even
14:22in the most difficult circumstances.
14:24The battle gave them strength,
14:26trust,
14:26and the certainty that they could continue advancing towards Jerusalem.
14:30After many months of marches,
14:31difficulties and battles,
14:33The crusader army finally reached its great objective,
14:36Jerusalem,
14:36the holy city that everyone dreamed of.
14:39The city was in sight,
14:40but it was heavily fortified,
14:42enormous walls
14:43and full of Muslim fighters
14:45prepared to defend every inch.
14:46But the crusaders,
14:48after the fierce battle of Dorilaeum,
14:49They were not willing to back down.
14:51His morale was sky high,
14:52and each one of them
14:54I felt I was about to achieve
14:56the great objective for which they had come,
14:58arrive in Jerusalem.
14:59For them,
15:00It wasn't just a military battle,
15:03but a huge religious symbol.
15:05Reclaim Jerusalem
15:06It meant restoring the cradle of Christianity in their eyes,
15:10and it was proof of his power
15:11and their ability to impose their will.
15:14As the siege of Jerusalem began,
15:16The crusaders began to realize
15:18of the true size of the challenge.
15:20The Muslim army
15:21It was led by Salah ad-Din al-Adiubi,
15:24one of the strongest commanders in the east at that time.
15:27Salah ad-Din
15:28He was not willing to give up the city easily,
15:31which caused the siege to last longer than expected.
15:34Over time,
15:35The pressure on the city was increasing.
15:37The Crusaders
15:38They decided to surround her from all angles,
15:41They built forts
15:42and siege equipment,
15:43and they built enormous machines
15:45to throw stones against the walls.
15:47The campaign was gigantic in terms of weaponry,
15:50But what characterized her most
15:51It was the deep faith of the fighters.
15:54They were convinced
15:55that they were on a sacred mission,
15:57And they knew they had to retake the city,
15:59regardless of the cost.
16:00The siege lasted for weeks,
16:02and the conditions were extremely harsh,
16:03especially due to the lack of food and water,
16:06and extreme exhaustion
16:07due to the time they had spent fighting in previous battles.
16:10Which further complicated the situation
16:12The fact was that the city was full of Muslim fighters
16:15determined to defend every meter of ground.
16:17But after a prolonged siege,
16:20Muslims began to suffer from a shortage of resources,
16:23and with the spread of diseases within the city
16:25due to the harsh conditions,
16:27Their resistance began to weaken.
16:29The crusaders seized the opportunity
16:31and they increased the pressure.
16:33Finally,
16:34after a month of intense siege,
16:35Muslim leaders in Jerusalem
16:37They decided to surrender.
16:39The city fell into the hands of the crusaders,
16:41But this was not just a military triumph,
16:43but also spiritually for them.
16:45The entry into the city was not just an act of conquest,
16:48but the fulfillment of his sacred objective.
16:50The streets were full of soldiers,
16:52And the dream had finally come true.
16:55Jerusalem under their control.
16:57But not everything was perfect.
16:58After this victory,
16:59Looting and mass killings began
17:01of Muslims and Jews who lived in the city,
17:04something extremely brutal in the history of wars.
17:07People were excited about the victory,
17:09But the way the city was taken
17:11It left very negative marks on the memory of many.
17:13Despite this massacre,
17:15Jerusalem was more than just a city to the Crusaders.
17:18It was proof of his power,
17:19and the ultimate symbol of having fulfilled
17:21the great objective of the first crusade.
17:23After their victory in this great siege,
17:25and to recapture Jerusalem in 1099,
17:27The crusaders began to think about the future.
17:30They had not come only to reclaim the holy city,
17:32but also to build a solid domain
17:34in the territories they had conquered.
17:36That's why they began to establish
17:38what became known as the Latin states in the East.
17:40This was very important,
17:42because recapturing Jerusalem was not enough
17:44if they did not consolidate control over the surrounding lands.
17:47The region was rife with conflict,
17:49and they needed to establish a lasting system of government
17:52to ensure its stability
17:53and maintain control of the conquered territories.
17:56They began by founding the Kingdom of Jerusalem,
17:58and they needed to govern other conquered territories,
18:01such as Antioch, Tripoli, and other cities in Syria.
18:04Each kingdom had an appointed ruler.
18:06among the crusader leaders.
18:07The Kingdom of Jerusalem was the most important,
18:10and was under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon,
18:12one of the most outstanding crusaders and a legendary hero.
18:15Godofredo de Bullón was a key figure in the campaign,
18:19and after the conquest of Jerusalem,
18:21He was crowned as the first king of the city.
18:24It was a moment of enormous victory for him.
18:26and for the rest of the soldiers.
18:29But establishing these kingdoms was not easy at all.
18:32They were in strange lands,
18:34full of different cultures,
18:36and they were also surrounded by territories under Muslim control.
18:41The crusaders needed to protect these areas
18:43and firmly consolidate their dominance,
18:46and they depended on the support of the European kingdoms
18:49to maintain their power in the East.
18:51What happened after these kingdoms were founded
18:54Things weren't easy at all.
18:56The region was rife with ongoing conflicts
18:59between Muslims and Crusaders,
19:01And at the same time, the Muslims began to prepare.
19:04to recover the lost territories.
19:06The Islamic threat was beginning to take shape again,
19:10led by Salah ad-Din al-Ayubi.
19:13When the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099,
19:17The fall of the Holy City was a huge blow
19:19for the Islamic world.
19:21Jerusalem was the heart of Islam
19:23and one of the most religiously important cities
19:26for Muslims.
19:27The capture of the city by the crusaders,
19:30and especially the massacre they committed there,
19:32It left a feeling of defeat and anger in the Islamic world.
19:36But the reaction was not immediate.
19:39At that time the Islamic world
19:41He was busy with internal problems,
19:43and many of the Muslim kingdoms
19:45They faced internal divisions and conflicts.
19:47This made effective unification against the crusaders difficult.
19:51Even so, over time,
19:53the moves to counter cross-expansion
19:56They began to increase.
19:57The Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad
19:59expressed his concern
20:00due to the growing power of the Crusaders in Syria.
20:03However, due to the weakness of the Abbasid Caliphate during that period,
20:06It was unable to offer significant military support.
20:09to the Islamic regions in Syria.
20:11Meanwhile,
20:12The Crusader kingdoms were consolidating their presence
20:14and consolidated their power in the East.
20:16At the beginning of the 12th century,
20:18Muslims began to feel the need
20:21to join forces against the crusading threat.
20:23An Islamic leader appeared here.
20:25which would change the course of the region,
20:27Nur ad-Bin Zanki.
20:29Nur ad-Din was a Muslim emir in Syria,
20:32and began to unify the Islamic regions
20:34to face the cross threat.
20:36However,
20:37He saw that the path to recovering Jerusalem
20:39It involved uniting all Islamic forces.
20:42He dedicated himself to expanding his influence.
20:44and strengthen their armies.
20:46Although Nur ad-Din did not succeed in recovering Jerusalem,
20:49It established a very solid foundation.
20:51which allowed Muslims
20:52try to recover the city in the future.
20:54After his death in 1174,
20:57His successor was the son of Salah ad-Din al-Ayubi,
21:00who would take on the mission of liberating Jerusalem.
21:02Salah ad-Din played a central role
21:04in unifying the Islamic world under his leadership
21:07and in building a strong army capable of...
21:10When the time was right,
21:12Salah ad-Din began to implement his military plan
21:15to recover the lost lands.
21:18One of his greatest achievements
21:20It was the Battle of Hattin in 1187,
21:23which was a turning point in the Crusades.
21:26In that battle,
21:28Salah ad-Din decisively defeated the crusaders
21:31and managed to recover Jerusalem
21:32after approximately 88 years of occupation
21:36after the first crusade, in 1099.
21:39After the First Crusade
21:41will end with the fall of Jerusalem
21:43in the hands of the crusaders,
21:45The situation in the region changed drastically.
21:48The crusaders had managed
21:50their main objective is to take Jerusalem,
21:52But they faced enormous challenges.
21:55The Crusader kingdoms established in the East
21:57They were threatened from all sides,
22:00especially because of the Islamic world
22:02He was busy with internal problems and conflicts.
22:06However, over time,
22:08The Islamic movement began
22:10to recover the lost territories.
22:12Although the crusaders had taken Jerusalem,
22:15There was concern in the Muslim world,
22:17because that occupation represented
22:20a very large military and religious threat.
22:23Little by little,
22:24Muslim regions in Syria and Egypt
22:26They began to unite under strong leaders
22:29as Nur ad-Din Zanqui,
22:31which paved the way for future clashes
22:34in the following crusades.
22:36Nur ad-Din worked to unify the territories in Syria
22:39and strengthen their forces
22:41for the great confrontation with the crusaders,
22:44although the recovery of Jerusalem
22:46It was still far away at that time.
22:48This stage was the beginning of the cross-challenge.
22:52The first crusade was only the first step
22:54in the creation of the Crusader kingdoms in the East.
22:57Although the crusaders faced enormous problems
23:00to consolidate his government,
23:02the result was the founding of kingdoms
23:04that would play an important role
23:06in future crusades.
23:08In short,
23:09The First Crusade was only the beginning
23:11of a long and complex conflict
23:13between Muslims and Crusaders
23:15which would extend for several centuries,
23:17leaving a great impact on the region,
23:20not only at the military level,
23:22but also religious and cultural.
23:24And although that campaign achieved its initial goal,
23:27The subsequent challenges would be even greater.
23:30and more complicated,
23:31And each war would bring new complexities.
23:35It was the beginning of a long and difficult chapter in history.
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