00:00The James Webb Space Telescope has found galaxies that should not exist.
00:04Fully formed, massive galaxies, appearing just 300 million years after the Big Bang,
00:10when our models say there was not nearly enough time for them to form.
00:15Cosmologists are not just surprised.
00:18Some are saying our entire model of the early universe may need to be rewritten.
00:23The James Webb Space Telescope launched on Christmas Day 2021
00:27and began science operations in 2022.
00:31It is the most powerful telescope ever built,
00:34capable of seeing light from the earliest epochs of the universe,
00:38detecting infrared signals so faint they have been traveling for over 13 billion years.
00:45Within its first year of operation,
00:47Webb found something that stopped the scientific community cold.
00:51It detected galaxies in the very early universe,
00:54some existing just 300 to 500 million years after the Big Bang,
00:59that were already massive,
01:01already structured,
01:03already containing hundreds of billions of stars.
01:06According to our standard model of cosmology,
01:09the Lambda CDM model,
01:12galaxies form gradually.
01:13Dark matter halos collapse first.
01:16Gas falls in.
01:18Stars form slowly over hundreds of millions of years.
01:21You cannot build a fully formed massive galaxy in 300 million years.
01:26The physics,
01:27as we understood it,
01:29simply does not allow it.
01:31But Webb is not showing us theory.
01:33It is showing us observation.
01:35Real light.
01:37Real galaxies.
01:38And they are there,
01:39fully formed,
01:40in a universe that should have been too young to produce them.
01:44Astronomer Mike Boylan Colchin from the University of Texas
01:48described some of these galaxies as a quote,
01:50Serious problem for the standard model.
01:54Other researchers have used the term Hubble tension,
01:57a growing discrepancy between what our models predict
02:00and what our instruments observe,
02:02to describe the wider crisis Webb is revealing.
02:06Webb has also detected carbon dioxide
02:08in the atmosphere of a planet 700 light-years away,
02:12a molecule linked to planetary
02:14and potentially biological processes.
02:17It has found organic molecules in stellar nurseries,
02:21the regions of space where new stars and planets are being born.
02:26It has imaged the earliest structures in the universe
02:29with the clarity that was science fiction just five years ago.
02:33The universe is older than our models,
02:36more structured than our models,
02:38more chemically complex in its earliest moments than our models.
02:41And we are only two years into Webb's mission.
02:45The Quran says in Surah Fusilat,
02:48chapter 41, verse 53,
02:51and I translate the meaning.
02:53We will show them our signs in the horizons and within themselves
02:57until it becomes clear to them that this is the truth.
03:01Every time we build a better eye,
03:03the universe shows us something our previous understanding could not contain.
03:08The James Webb Telescope is not just taking beautiful pictures.
03:12It is dismantling our assumptions about how the universe began
03:16and forcing us to think bigger, deeper, and more humbly.
03:20Comment below.
03:22Does it excite you or unsettle you when science has to rewrite its own rules?
03:27Follow Muslim Space Agency for every major discovery.
03:31Explained honestly.
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