00:00Across the continent, some countries have maintained institutional stability, while others have faced political tensions and shifting international losses.
00:09In countries such as Senegal, Ghana, and Botswana, democratic institutions have largely held firm with regular transfers of power in
00:16some cases.
00:17Elsewhere, tensions remain over constitutional rules and political competition, notably in Zimbabwe, Cote d'Ivoire, and Cameroon in North Africa.
00:24Politics is still shaped by the aftermath of the Arab Spring, with outcomes that now vary widely from one country
00:31to another.
00:32In Egypt, the transition gave way to a strong presidential system.
00:36In Tunisia, democratic process was followed by more recent setbacks, and in Algeria, the Iraq protest movement of 2019 showed
00:45strong public demand for change.
00:47But without major institutional reforms on the international stage, partnerships are becoming more diverse, with growing involvement from players such
00:56as Russia and several Gulf states.
00:59At the same time, the relationship between citizens and institutions is changing, driven by digital platforms and wider access to
01:07information, raising expectations around governance.
01:10Now, reforms of political engagement are also emerging among younger people of an outside-traditional party structure from Senegal, Yen
01:19and Mar movement to the N-SAR protest in Nigeria.
01:23Taken together, these trends continue to reshape Africa's political balance.
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