In questa lezione, il Procuratore Grasso ci conduce nelle fasi di sviluppo della mafia addentrandosi nelle sue fasi e chiarendo le risposte e le reazione che lo Stato ha avuto per contrastarla.
La lotta dello Stato alla mafia si divide in tre momenti principali: dalla prima denuncia, presentata nel 1876 dai politici Leopoldo Franchetti e Sidney Sonnino, in cui si osserva come il sistema di fedeltà ad un gruppo ristretto di individui sia radicato, fino al 1925 quando il fascismo adotta una lunga repressione contro i mafiosi siciliani con l'invio sull’isola del prefetto, in seguito denominato di ferro, Cesare Mori.
Un secondo momento cruciale dell’età mafiosa, ci porta direttamente al 1963, quando, alla fine della prima guerra di mafia, in una piccola borgata agricola del palermitano, ebbe il culmine uno degli episodi più sanguinosi e cruenti dalla fine del secondo conflitto mondiale: la strage di Ciaculli.
La lotta alla mafia continua con la legge Rognoni-La Torre del 1982, che introduce il reato di associazione a delinquere di tipo mafioso, fino alla continua militarizzazione del territorio da parte dell'esercito, e alla creazione della DIA, delle procure distrettuali e della Direzione Nazionale Antimafia.
I tentativi contro la mafia, sono per lo Stato una dura risposta alla violenza criminale tipica della questione di Cosa Nostra, che sembra essere, tuttavia, in una eterna emergenza per il Paese.
In this lesson, Prosecutor Grasso leads us through the stages of the Mafia's development, delving into its various phases and clarifying the state's responses and reactions to counter it.
The state's fight against the Mafia is divided into three main phases: from the first denunciation, filed in 1876 by politicians Leopoldo Franchetti and Sidney Sonnino, which demonstrates how deeply rooted the system of loyalty to a select group of individuals was, until 1925, when Fascism launched a long crackdown on Sicilian Mafiosi, sending Cesare Mori, later known as the Iron Prefect, to the island.
A second crucial moment in the Mafia era takes us directly to 1963, when, at the end of the First Mafia War, one of the bloodiest and most brutal episodes since the end of the Second World War culminated in a small farming village near Palermo: the Ciaculli massacre.
The fight against the Mafia continued with the Rognoni-La Torre law of 1982, which introduced the crime of mafia-type criminal association, leading to the continued militarization of the territory by the army and the creation of the DIA (Intelligence Department), district prosecutors' offices, and the National Anti-Mafia Directorate.
For the state, these attempts to combat the Mafia were a harsh response to the criminal violence typical of the Cosa Nostra issue, which nevertheless appears to be a perpetual emergency for the country.
#Antimafia #Mafia #CosaNostra #LezioniDiMafia #GiovanniFalcone
||
#Crime #TrueCrime #DivinumCrime
https://www.dailymotion.com/DivinumCrime
La lotta dello Stato alla mafia si divide in tre momenti principali: dalla prima denuncia, presentata nel 1876 dai politici Leopoldo Franchetti e Sidney Sonnino, in cui si osserva come il sistema di fedeltà ad un gruppo ristretto di individui sia radicato, fino al 1925 quando il fascismo adotta una lunga repressione contro i mafiosi siciliani con l'invio sull’isola del prefetto, in seguito denominato di ferro, Cesare Mori.
Un secondo momento cruciale dell’età mafiosa, ci porta direttamente al 1963, quando, alla fine della prima guerra di mafia, in una piccola borgata agricola del palermitano, ebbe il culmine uno degli episodi più sanguinosi e cruenti dalla fine del secondo conflitto mondiale: la strage di Ciaculli.
La lotta alla mafia continua con la legge Rognoni-La Torre del 1982, che introduce il reato di associazione a delinquere di tipo mafioso, fino alla continua militarizzazione del territorio da parte dell'esercito, e alla creazione della DIA, delle procure distrettuali e della Direzione Nazionale Antimafia.
I tentativi contro la mafia, sono per lo Stato una dura risposta alla violenza criminale tipica della questione di Cosa Nostra, che sembra essere, tuttavia, in una eterna emergenza per il Paese.
In this lesson, Prosecutor Grasso leads us through the stages of the Mafia's development, delving into its various phases and clarifying the state's responses and reactions to counter it.
The state's fight against the Mafia is divided into three main phases: from the first denunciation, filed in 1876 by politicians Leopoldo Franchetti and Sidney Sonnino, which demonstrates how deeply rooted the system of loyalty to a select group of individuals was, until 1925, when Fascism launched a long crackdown on Sicilian Mafiosi, sending Cesare Mori, later known as the Iron Prefect, to the island.
A second crucial moment in the Mafia era takes us directly to 1963, when, at the end of the First Mafia War, one of the bloodiest and most brutal episodes since the end of the Second World War culminated in a small farming village near Palermo: the Ciaculli massacre.
The fight against the Mafia continued with the Rognoni-La Torre law of 1982, which introduced the crime of mafia-type criminal association, leading to the continued militarization of the territory by the army and the creation of the DIA (Intelligence Department), district prosecutors' offices, and the National Anti-Mafia Directorate.
For the state, these attempts to combat the Mafia were a harsh response to the criminal violence typical of the Cosa Nostra issue, which nevertheless appears to be a perpetual emergency for the country.
#Antimafia #Mafia #CosaNostra #LezioniDiMafia #GiovanniFalcone
||
#Crime #TrueCrime #DivinumCrime
https://www.dailymotion.com/DivinumCrime
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TVTrascrizione
00:17My name is Pietro Grasso and I grew up in Palermo, an important city for the choices
00:24of my life. Since 2005 I have been the national anti-mafia prosecutor, so I went from
00:33trench of the Palermo prosecutor's office at the headquarters in Rome, where the news arrives
00:39from all fronts, the trends and new activities of the mafia are studied, plans are developed
00:45the techniques and strategies needed to combat it.
01:08Giovanni Falcone said that if the mafia were inserted into a healthy environment, to eradicate it
01:17a simple police action would be enough. With this concept he tried to explain the
01:24complexity of the mafia, to defeat which it is necessary to keep in mind not only
01:31the actions of the judiciary and the police forces, but also the social and environmental conditions
01:37in which it develops, in which it grows. Today we will talk about the stages in which it developed
01:51the mafia and the reactions from the State, we will try to focus on the response of the
02:00State, we will try to highlight the legislative and operational tools that have been used
02:09for the many battles won, but which still do not lead us to say that the war has been won
02:17definitively. The state's fight against the mafia can be divided into
02:25in three moments that we will examine in greater detail. From Franchetti's alarming denunciation in 1876
02:33and Sonnino, the politicians who first spoke about the existence of the mafia in Sicily
02:39until the repression of the fascist period. The second period, after the Ciaculli massacre.
02:47up to the murders of La Torre and Dalla Chiesa. The third period, finally, from the maxi-trial to the days
02:56ours. The history of the fight against the mafia is made up of delayed alarms and demanding appeals,
03:04as if the mafia was violent only when it shoots and instead it was the State that was brought
03:15to repress it only when there was an emergency. This is the common thread that will lead us through
03:24this lesson on the mafia because it almost seems that the State tolerates a sort of coexistence
03:35with the mafia and that the emergency is broken not by the State as one might think, but
03:46from the massacres committed by the Mafia itself. The first face of the fight against the Mafia
03:57It is represented by the repression of the fascist period. It is said, probably a legend,
04:06that Mussolini had to go to the town of Piana degli Albanesi, a town in the province
04:13of Palermo, on the hills above Palermo, was welcomed by the mayor of that town who was
04:19even a mafia boss, saying "Your Excellency, you can leave your armed escort at the moment
04:28where he enters my country." At which point the Duce inquired what the meaning could be
04:38those words and when they explained to him that in Sicily there was the mafia, he thought he couldn't
04:45there is a power stronger than that of the fascist state and decided to send to Sicily
04:54Prefect Mori. Mussolini appointed Mori as prefect of Palermo in 1925, giving him carte blanche and he
05:08He managed to hit many of the sectors in which the mafia operated, but above all the military mafia, the mafia
05:17It was made up of bandits, murderers, and cutthroats. When he began to turn his attention
05:26towards the notables of the time connected with the political party, then his cycle closed,
05:34the emergency was considered over, the mafia had been defeated by Mori and in 1929 Mori was recalled to
05:46Rome.
05:47The Allied landing in 1943 will raise the mafia's head again. The administration
05:57American will even place mafiosi like Genco Russo and
06:05will use overseas mafiosi like Lachi Luciano or Vito Genovese. The mafia will end up
06:18protect landowners by preventing the agrarian reform that wanted the land given to the peasants.
06:28And when the socialist bloc wins the first elections in Sicily, the Portella massacre
06:37of the Ginestra of May 1, 1947 will block any beauitary demands of the masses.
06:50The interests of the mafia will soon shift towards the cities, towards speculation
06:57construction, towards the control of the large municipal markets. A war will not begin there, a conflict
07:07of interests within the mafia families, so much so that it was thought to establish the first
07:17Parliamentary Anti-Mafia Commission. In 1963, the Ciaculli massacre created a new emergency.
07:29There was a further period of repression. Judge Terranova conducted the trial of the
07:361914, there were the Catanzaro and Bari sentences of 1968-1969, but in the end the conclusion
07:49of these processes, of this judicial repression was that it was not yet judicially recognized
07:57the existence of the Mafia. Strange because precisely in that period, paradoxically, the subsequent
08:04Collaborators will tell us that the mafia families had dissolved. Imagine, something was dissolving
08:11whose existence no one even considered.
08:15You, the defense attorney, aren't Tano Badalamenti a mafioso?
08:19I believe that Gaetano Badalamenti is not a mafioso.
08:22What is an industrialist?
08:24The head of the mafia since then, Salvatore Greco known as Cicchitedu, emigrated to South America
08:31and after a few years the mafia slowly began to restructure itself, to reorganise itself through
08:39the Triumvirate in 1970.
08:46But his interests began to shift towards the north of Italy, with the kidnappings of
08:55person. We remember those red bulls from Montelera, made by the people of Corlio.
09:03In 1974, Liggio was arrested in Milan. The Mafia had established its operational bases right where
09:13there was greater wealth and he was trying to make the leap into entrepreneurship.
09:21The first high-profile homicide was recorded in 1971. Public Prosecutor Pietro Scaglione
09:31is barbarously killed. Years will pass and at the end of the 70s a
09:42series of murders of all those who opposed the mafia organization. In 1979 the murder
09:51by Mario Francese, journalist of the Giornale di Sicilia, who will then be followed by Boris Giuliano,
10:01the head of the flying squad, and Cesare Terranova, the judge who had conducted the trial of the
10:08114 against the Corlionese of Liggio, Riina and Provenzano. These characters who were killed
10:18and they were the beginning of the campaign of excellent murders, some come to mind
10:28memories. For example, I remember how Mario Francese, the journalist, used to come and visit me in my
10:37room of a young deputy public prosecutor and he told me that he was the truth
10:43He searched everywhere, even in taverns where he tried to steal the secrets of crime.
10:53He was killed for an investigation that had not even been published and which was parallel
11:01at one of my trials, the one for the Garcia Dam. He was the first to write about it in the Giornale di Sicilia
11:10he named the boss of bosses, Salvatore Riina. Just as for Judge Terranova I remember
11:23his room? Because I was a judicial auditor, in the sense that the first contacts with the offices
11:33judicial proceedings were carried out through the investigating judge at the time, the one who had the most investigations
11:43hot and it was he who introduced me to the profession of magistrate. In 1980 the president was killed
11:55of the Sicilian region Pier Santi Mattarella, the captain of the Carabinieri Emanuele Basile
12:01and the prosecutor Gaetano Costa, but the mafia still hasn't heard the State's response.
12:11There are many investigations, the murders continue, but still no answers are perceived.
12:20adequate. In the courts, in the barracks, almost poisons and suspicions are spreading. Consider that the prosecutor
12:31Costa and the investigating judge Rocco Chinnici, who had a shared elevator, personal,
12:41private, they took advantage of this elevator to be able to exchange and update on the elements
12:51more important than the ongoing investigations. The turning point came in 1982. The Sicilian MP, responsible
13:08of the Communist Party in Sicily, Piola Torre, formulates a landmark bill. Think
13:18who is able to formulate the crime of mafia-type association. Previously it had been possible
13:27use only the crime of simple criminal association which had not given,
13:32As we have seen, no judicial results. Finally, the mafia is described from a different point of view.
13:40from a legal point of view. Subjugation, silence, violence, and murder are considered as the basis,
13:51infiltration into the economy and politics. And at the same time, another epochal turning point.
14:00Mafiosi are attacked in their assets, their pockets are put in their pockets, they are
14:07persecute the piccioli. Bagarella will tell his Corleonesi friends at that very time
14:16Be careful, start bringing your money to Germany because soon you won't hear from us
14:24not even the smell. Unfortunately Piola Torre will not see his work completed, he will not see his approval
14:34law because he will be killed on April 30, 1982.
15:05But that's not enough. We're not yet at the point where we can push for an emergency. The mafia is managing to slow things down.
15:17even La Torre's bill. It will take the murder of the prefect Dalla Chiesa to achieve this.
15:26in September 1982 the so-called Rognoni-La Torre law was finally approved.
15:36Dalla Chiesa had not yet had time to implement significant actions
15:44against the Mafia. Aside from a few school visits and the famous interview
15:52Giorgio Bocca had not yet done anything that could justify this violent action
16:04towards him. But I remember that Buscetta told Falcone that even while he was there
16:19In prison in Turin he received a message from Bontade, his boss, who told him
16:31to make contact with the Red Brigades to push them to commit the murder of the general
16:39of the Church which had achieved so many successes in defeating the Red Brigades.
16:45Buscetta's response was decidedly proud. The Red Brigades said, "We won't do it."
16:57Never because you ask us to, if we have to do it we will do it because we want to. This
17:04It goes to show that even before Dalla Chiesa went to Palermo the mafia had
17:13evidently on behalf of others he was given the task of having the general killed by the Church.
17:24In this case it almost seems as if the mafia acted as the armed wing of other entities.
17:39For the Mafia, the new Rognoni-La Torre law is a tremendous blow. Its implementation
17:45law combined with the first collaborations of Buscetta and Contorno, before judge Falcone, the direction
17:55of the anti-mafia push by the investigating judge Chinnici who creates this instrument of war,
18:05judicial war of course, carried out by Falcone, Borsellino and the other colleagues of the anti-mafia group,
18:16will give those results that will finally show a response from the State towards
18:23of this phenomenon.
18:26In Palermo they killed a magistrate and two police officers by blasting them with a remote control
18:33a car loaded with explosives a few steps away from the house from which the magistrate this morning
18:39He was leaving for work. Rocco Chinnici, the head of the education office, was killed.
18:46leading man in the war against the mafia.
18:48After the killing in July 1983 of the head of the education office Rocco Chinnici and after
18:57the killings of Deputy Commissioner Nini Cassarà, Commissioner Beppe Montana, and the anti-mafia push
19:05that great trial which will be the maxi-trial against Cosa Nostra is finally about to be born.
19:16And at that moment the new head of the education office, Antonino Capornetto, had already intervened,
19:25who had come from his Florence to lead the anti-mafia push. On February 10, 1986, it began
19:36The maxi-trial against the Mafia. I believe it is the highest moment of the state's struggle.
19:45to the mafia organization. Finally, we see the mafia bosses behind bars. The people
19:56Here are the magistrates. Borsellino says, "Now I can hear them cheering for us." I remember the happiness.
20:06of Falcone and of all those who supported him when in a brief period of enthusiasm resulting
20:16to the disruptive successes originated by Buscetta's declarations, he told me people are cheering
20:26for us. After the first-instance ruling, a serious delegitimization of judges and magistrates will begin.
20:34which led to that result. Falcone and Borsellino are called the professionals
20:42of the anti-mafia, are indicated as those who cover up investigations against the mafia.
20:50As twenty years ago, the State is unable to find a univocal, strong, definitive answer.
20:59against Cosa Nostra. Falcone will leave Palermo to follow from Rome, as director of the
21:08Criminal Affairs of the Ministry of Justice, the new anti-mafia legislation.
21:17What is defined by some by delegitimizing it, trying to delegitimize it as an escape from
21:27investigations, an escape from the mafia to take refuge in the palace, instead it was the highest moment
21:35of the creation of the anti-mafia legislation that we still use today. The idea of acting
21:42like a sort of pincer movement between the 41 bis, the harsh prison on one side which isolates the mafiosi
21:50and no longer allows him to command from prison as it once happened on the other side
21:57the most severe penalties, at the same time the possibility of collaborating with justice.
22:05And in this game of carrot and stick the first collaborations begin to take place.
22:16really important. And it is there that Salvatore Gangemi reports a phrase referring to Totorrina,
22:27We are careful because from now on someone can become a cop. But once again
22:35The state is acting under the pressure of the emergency. Not only the 41 bis conceived, wanted by Falcone,
22:45the harsh prison that prevents the mafioso from continuing to command from prison, but also
22:52the possibility of collaborating with justice. And the possibility of creating a sort of track
23:01parallel for all investigations against the mafia, against organised crime, establishing
23:09new investigative tools such as undercover agents, delays in seizures and
23:21arrests such as the creation of laws that provide financial support to victims
23:33of the mafia, to the victims of usury, to the victims of extortion. Or that other legislation
23:41from an administrative point of view which determines the dissolution of the municipal councils or the norm
23:49on mafia-related vote-buying. In short, a global legislation is being created,
23:56new central investigation services are being established, not just the investigative directorate
24:03anti-mafia which is an inter-force body, but also the central services of the individual forces
24:09of the police, the special operational grouping of the Carabinieri, the central operational service
24:15of the police, the organized crime service of the Guardia di Finanza. Well,
24:23with all this strength the new construction of the public prosecutor's office is also approved, a
24:33specialized section, the district anti-mafia directorates that are established at each prosecutor's office
24:39of the Republic and then the national anti-mafia prosecutor's office, the central investigative coordination office
24:47which will have to rationalize all the investigations that the public prosecutors will carry out
24:53in place to achieve maximum results in the fight against the mafia. Even at this time
25:03the common thread that tied this lesson on the mafia is not denied by the fact that
25:13It is the emergency of the Capace and Via Amelio massacres that once again determines the
25:20reaction from the State. This reaction, this sort of coexistence that is broken, is not
25:29from the State but from the Mafia. With these exceptional tools that the whole world envies us, with
25:41the means we had at our disposal produced exceptional results, I would almost say
25:47miraculous. The united management of the fight against the Mafia has helped to highlight the phenomenon
25:58mafia in its entirety and complexity. Little by little, we succeeded through the office
26:08national, the prosecution that I direct and through my deputies who are 20 in number are connected
26:19with the 26 anti-mafia district directorates spread across the territory they give the possibility to follow,
26:27to analyze complex phenomena that constitute all the most modern activities of the mafia, not only
26:39money laundering but also phenomena of extortion, usury, counterfeiting of goods, waste trafficking,
26:49all the most recent criminal activities of mafia organizations but also
27:00of the connections of a mafia that is now revolted despite maintaining contact
27:08with its own territory towards international markets, towards connections with other crimes as well
27:14foreigners. The fight against Cosa Nostra should be placed among the government's priorities in the program of
27:24any political party. Laws to combat it should be unanimously voted on because, like the Mafia,
27:34has no ideology and does not support the theses of a faction or a political party, thus all actions are for
27:44Opposing it should not have a political color. A phrase Falcone used to say comes to mind,
27:55in an ironic and paradoxical way. Perhaps it would take one excellent murder per year to be able to guarantee
28:04the commitment of all institutional forces and the attention of citizens in the fight against the mafia.
28:12We must therefore follow what Falcone told us and avoid it becoming an emergency once again.
28:23to determine the state's action against the mafia.
29:17See you next episode
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