- 2 日前
Disasters at Sea S03E01 (Snapped in Two)
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00:02In the North Atlantic, a massive bulk carrier suddenly snaps in two.
00:08This happened very, very quickly, literally at the speed of sound.
00:14Twenty-five men are in a fight for their lives.
00:17It was so scary. The ship was definitely going to sink.
00:24Why did we lose so many people?
00:27Why in the first place would this ship even break in two?
00:32The search for answers will lead to the bottom of the ocean.
00:35Well, look at that.
00:37And a string of mysterious sinkings around the world.
00:40All of these are bulk carriers.
00:42No one knows what happened to those vessels.
00:45That's insane.
00:46They just disappeared.
00:51There's a ship!
00:53Go!
00:55No one's here.
01:05Winter in the North Atlantic.
01:08And the 180-meter bulk carrier flare is heading west.
01:14Bulk carriers are designed to do heavy lifting and heavy work.
01:18Throughout their lifetime, they carry very dense heavy cargoes.
01:21And they trade all over the world.
01:24Chief, increasing speed to 12 knots.
01:28Aboard is the captain and 24 crew.
01:32They've just come out of a powerful winter storm.
01:35And another is on its way.
01:39Hold course.
01:41Holding course.
01:4223-year-old Cyrus Vararin is at the helm.
01:46New to the ship, he signed on just a week before departure.
01:55My job on the flare was able-bodied seaman.
01:58I was in charge of the manual steering on the ship.
02:03I wanted to be a sailor because my uncle was a sailor.
02:07And when I was a kid, he was always coming home from his trips,
02:11happy and with lots of money.
02:14That's why I thought I'd like to do it, too.
02:23The flare is more than halfway on an approximate 6,000-kilometer voyage
02:28from Rotterdam to Montreal to pick up a cargo of grain.
02:33The bulk carrier is equipped with massive cranes that can fill its seven holds
02:38with almost 38,000 cubic meters of cargo.
02:43Right now, the holds are empty.
02:49Below deck, 4th Engineer Romarlo Napa is busy helping with repairs
02:54to one of the ship's ballast tanks.
02:59We were actually inside the topside tank.
03:03It took us almost a whole day to work on the issue with the welder.
03:12Like Cyrus, Romarlo is also new to the ship.
03:16Weeks earlier, when they joined the crew,
03:18they were welcomed by a ship's veteran, Tito Noh says.
03:24He was really helpful from the moment we came on board.
03:31I was still young, and he was there to teach me.
03:35He's just the kind of guy he was.
03:41The flare is heading for the Canadian shipping channel,
03:44the Cabot Strait.
03:46It's an area known for bad weather.
03:51Chief, decreasing speed to five knots.
03:56Captain Chris Hearn is a master mariner from Newfoundland.
04:00He knows how rough these seas can get.
04:03The Cabot Strait is between two land masses
04:06that have weather patterns that are different.
04:08So this faster-moving water on top of slower-moving water
04:12building all this energy
04:14whips the waves up very high.
04:18The crew secures the lifeboats
04:20to keep them from being torn from the ship during the storm.
04:27The waves were strong, and the wind was loud.
04:30You could really hear it.
04:32You could really hear the wind.
04:35The wind blowing.
04:37The wind blowing.
04:38The wind blowing.
04:41Keep her on the starboard bow.
04:45The ship is not loaded,
04:46and she's more exposed to the elements and to storms.
04:51That ship was slamming and pounding.
04:53You could feel that vibration
04:55because the energy has to travel along the length of the hull.
05:02You could actually see the ship bending in the big waves.
05:09The bending and twisting can be an unnerving experience.
05:13But Flair was built to handle this.
05:16All ships are designed to flex,
05:19particularly really long ships.
05:21She's flexing and moving all the time.
05:25The waves are reaching nine meters high,
05:28as tall as a three-story building.
05:34It was really loud when the waves splashed on the bridge.
05:40Good night, sir.
05:42Good night.
05:44At 2am, Cyrus's shift is over.
05:48He heads below to try and get some rest.
05:51But in a storm like this,
05:53it won't be easy.
05:59You couldn't sleep because of the waves and the weather.
06:04I couldn't see it,
06:05but I could feel it shaking and slamming.
06:08It's really slumming.
06:11It's over-speeding too much.
06:14Hold it.
06:15In the engine room,
06:16Romarlo and his assistant struggle
06:18to keep the ship's engine from burning out.
06:21We have to constantly adjust the speed of the engines
06:26from low speed to high speed,
06:28because when the ship goes through the waves,
06:30the stern tends to rise up out of the water.
06:37As the vessel is slamming up and down as it's moving through these waves,
06:42sometimes the propeller is partially exposed.
06:46And when they come out of the water,
06:48there's no resistance.
06:50That over-speed can damage your engine.
06:57We couldn't take our eyes off the engines for a second.
06:59It was like that the whole shift.
07:02There's no distance there.
07:03Four hours in duty,
07:0412 to 4.
07:13Suddenly,
07:14around 4.30 in the morning.
07:28There was a loud bang.
07:32What happened?
07:33Did we hit something?
07:35Then, the alarm went off.
07:38The alarm rang.
07:43Abandon the ship!
07:45We're safe, guys!
07:46Wait!
07:47I'm coming!
07:48Put on your life jackets now!
07:52Someone banged on my door and told me to put on my life jacket.
07:56Life jacket.
07:57I put on two pairs of pants and three pairs of socks.
08:06I had a hard time with the stairs because the ship was tilting.
08:15Outside, it's freezing.
08:17And the crew is terrified.
08:20Most aren't even dressed for the cold.
08:22But, if I remember...
08:25I saw Remarlo.
08:26And he was in his pajamas.
08:28No socks.
08:30Just his pajamas and a t-shirt.
08:32And a t-shirt.
08:34It's not just the cold they're worried about.
08:37It's the shock of what's right in front of them.
08:40The entire front half of the ship is gone.
08:44The ship is just broken in half.
08:47It's almost too impossible to believe.
08:53I could see my crewmates were terrified.
08:56Some were crying.
08:58Others were praying.
09:04It was so scary because we all saw that the ship was definitely going to sink.
09:09The only thing we could do then was figure out how to survive.
09:1925 men are trapped on a broken ship that's going down fast.
09:24The question now, can any of them survive the icy ocean that awaits them?
09:35It was just chaos.
09:38Everyone was in a panic.
09:42The captain was nowhere to be seen.
09:45We assumed he had already gone over the side.
09:48So we just went ahead on our own.
09:52We made for the lifeboat, but we couldn't get it to launch.
10:01They had put additional lashings on the lifeboat to try and prevent it from being lost during the storm.
10:06And they can't get the lashings to release.
10:09The crew are struggling with life and death.
10:13We kept asking each other, what are we going to do?
10:20Unable to launch the lifeboat, all eyes turned to the ship's radio operator.
10:29We asked him if he called the SOS.
10:35They're stunned to hear no call has been sent.
10:39At least if he'd called, there might be a possibility we'd be rescued.
10:47Desperate, the radio operator races back to the bridge in a last ditch effort to make the call.
10:56The stern section is sinking and it's listing, so the radio officer has to make his way up, holding on
11:02to the ladders and up the stairwells to try and get to the bridge.
11:06The fact that he managed to do it at all is amazing.
11:17At the MCTS traffic station at Stephenville, they received a very faint, incomplete mayday by VHF, very high frequency radio.
11:31Canadian authorities launch a massive hunt for the flare, but with only partial coordinates, the search area is enormous.
11:42Ships, fixed wing aircraft and helicopters over an area of 6,000 square nautical miles to try and find where
11:53the flare is or was and where hopefully some survivors might be.
12:02Just after the mayday, crew members are still clinging to the railings as the ship goes down.
12:11Tito, me and the other guys, we were all on one side of the ship.
12:16We were all together just hanging on to the rails.
12:19We were really scared.
12:27Then I saw Tito let go of the railing.
12:40Moments later, the rest of the crew have no choice but to follow.
12:45They jump just as a stern goes under.
12:51The physical shock of that kind of cold water is unbelievable.
12:56It completely takes your breath away.
13:01Gasping for air, Cyrus sees an overturned lifeboat.
13:04It's his only hope.
13:11The water was cold.
13:13It was really painful and hard to swim.
13:18It was really cold.
13:20But what made me even more scared than that is we were off the ship.
13:25We were in the water.
13:31There was some rope on top of the lifeboat and I grabbed onto it.
13:39The other guys were all hunched and curled up because of the cold.
13:48Cyrus, Romarlo and two others have made it to the lifeboat.
13:55But with temperatures below freezing, just how long can they last?
14:02Hypothermia sets in.
14:04You start to lose the ability to use your fingers and be able to move your arms and legs.
14:14Two other crewmen also make it to the lifeboat.
14:17The radio operator and Romarlo's engine room assistant.
14:22They try, but they can't hold on to the overturned hull.
14:28They just didn't have enough strength to pull them up to the lifelike.
14:33I told them, I'm really sorry.
14:36We have to go our own separate ways.
14:50Drifting in the bitter cold, their chances seem hopeless.
14:55Then suddenly, they see the bow of a ship.
14:59It appears to be coming their way.
15:06One of us even said, we were rescued.
15:13We all hugged each other, my companions and I, and said, we're alive.
15:18The rescuers are here.
15:20I couldn't believe it.
15:26Then, as the vessel comes closer, they discover it's not a rescue ship.
15:32It's the flare's broken bow, still afloat.
15:37The flare broke in such a way that the water-tight bulkheads were still intact.
15:44So, now we've got these empty spaces that are hoping this bow section stay afloat.
15:51It must have been an incredibly eerie situation.
15:58We were all so hopeful.
16:00But when we figured out that it was just the forward part of the ship,
16:04that's when our hope was lost.
16:15Delta Victor, that is a negative on any contact.
16:19I repeat, negative on contact.
16:21By sunrise, the search has yet to find any trace of the ship or possible survivors.
16:30Search and rescue technicians Tony Isaacs and Paul Jackman know it's a bad sign.
16:36We know it's cold, and we're in the North Atlantic.
16:39And there's people out there that are going to need us.
16:42Whether they're in a life raft, in the water, or on a boat, it's going to be cold.
16:49It was daylight, so we were kind of wondering why they haven't been found yet.
16:54Because it's a fairly big asset on the water.
16:58So it was kind of troubling that nobody has seen anything yet.
17:05After more than five hours in the frigid water, the men are fading fast.
17:12I prayed to the Lord.
17:14I said, please, give me a chance to see my family again.
17:23Then, on the horizon, the search team spots something.
17:27Look! Target 2-block!
17:31Incredibly, the flare's bow section is still floating.
17:35The wreckage is found.
17:37But can the search team locate any survivors before their time runs out?
17:50We saw the bow quite a ways away, because obviously it was quite large.
17:56The waves were crashing around.
17:57And to me, it was sort of kind of a little eerie.
18:00Out the right side of the aircraft, we could see the oil slick.
18:04There's no sign of anyone on board, but experience tells them if there are survivors, they won't be far away.
18:14We had a fairly defined debris line, so we just followed that down, flying in a very slow hover.
18:23Moments later, we could see the overturned boat.
18:28Four people barely clinging to it, and one of them just barely raising his hand.
18:34We heard a helicopter.
18:36We all started saying, we're going to make it.
18:39We're going to make it.
18:48When I got to the lifeboat, they're all hanging out.
18:51We're hanging on to ropes, and we're very reluctant to let go of that rope.
19:00Tony's belly to belly when they're hoisting up and coming through the door.
19:06One by one, the survivors are lifted to safety.
19:10It was basically, I got you, and we're gone.
19:15When I brought the final survivor up, and he's basically wearing, like, boxer shorts,
19:19I was amazed, because I actually thought that he was wearing pants or something.
19:24But no, that's what this guy's wearing, that's how tough he was.
19:28And that he managed to survive six hours in the North Atlantic,
19:32on the 16th of January, wearing almost nothing.
19:39After six hours in the deadly cold, Cyrus, Romarlo, and two others are lucky to be alive.
19:47They're taken to the nearby island of St. Pierre for emergency medical attention.
19:56The next thing I knew, we were being wheeled off the helicopter.
20:01There were ambulances there.
20:09One of the rescuers gave me the patch from his uniform.
20:13I was very thankful to him.
20:20It was my second life.
20:21My second life.
20:26While the crew receives medical attention, the search team scours the area for another day.
20:33But no other survivors are found.
20:3621 men are dead.
20:39For the family of Tito Noces, the news comes as a terrible shock.
20:45It's so very hard, but we need to be strong because I know we sacrifice a lot for our children.
20:57As a child, I asked, like, why are you crying?
21:01And then she told me that, you know, your dad already passed away.
21:06I just knew that my dad died in an accident, but not knowing how it happened.
21:18As the flare's bow continues to drift at sea,
21:23investigators with the Transportation Safety Board of Canada launch an investigation
21:28to find out what caused the ship to break apart and why so many crewmen died.
21:34Okay, gentlemen, we've got some aerial footage of the incident here.
21:39The first thoughts are, of course, to the crew.
21:42Your mind goes to what could have happened.
21:46It was pretty remarkable when we heard the details of what had happened to the vessel.
21:51I guess it's surreal that you've got this half a ship sort of drifting along.
21:57Why did we lose so many people?
22:00Why aren't there more survivors?
22:02Why in the first place would this ship even break in two?
22:09Investigator Leo Donati has come to Newfoundland to join former Sea Captain Bill McConey, the investigator in charge.
22:18Let's see what these guys can tell us.
22:22They're hoping the survivors can tell them what caused the wreck.
22:27Take us through what you saw on the ship that day.
22:31You want to interview survivors as soon as possible, because our memories aren't static. They can change over time.
22:38We were in very high waters the whole time.
22:44They find out the ship faced two weeks of nearly constant extreme winds and heavy seas.
22:51We couldn't eat. We couldn't sleep.
22:55The waves, they are very big.
22:58Their testimony is backed by weather reports of waves as high as 16 meters.
23:04A height of a five-story building.
23:07You know, the ship is bending like this.
23:12You capture as much information as you can.
23:14Really trying to get a clear picture of all the facts, all the details.
23:19What did you see? What did you hear?
23:21Was there any sort of sound omitted when this happened?
23:26It's like a big, big boom!
23:32During the night of the accident, they heard a really loud bang.
23:36Clearly that's when the vessel split apart.
23:41Survivors heard the same ear-splitting sound, but none of them saw what caused it.
23:47How can a ship that big simply break in half?
23:51That's what we're here to find out.
24:01Investigators have a deadly mystery on their hands.
24:05They also have unusual evidence.
24:08Imagery of the flare's broken bow taken over a four-day period before it eventually sank.
24:16Unbelievable.
24:18You definitely need to take a closer look at this.
24:22John Garstang is a mechanical engineer and expert in metal failure analysis.
24:28He believes the imagery may hold clues to why the massive ship snapped in half.
24:34You can actually pull out a tremendous amount of information from imagery.
24:40Photographs and video are very valuable from an investigative point of view.
24:45It's a really clean fracture.
24:49As he examines the edge of the break, Garstang makes a surprising discovery.
24:56It's almost like I had a knife and a scalpel and I cut quite precisely and it just came apart.
25:06This type of break is known as a brittle fracture.
25:10A brittle fracture is something like how glass breaks.
25:14When it breaks, it breaks, but it doesn't deform much, twist or bend.
25:21It breaks quickly.
25:24The theory matches the survivors' accounts.
25:28But to investigators, it doesn't make sense.
25:34It says here this is made with grade D steel.
25:39Which means it's not supposed to snap.
25:44Like many bulk carriers, Flair's deck and upper hull are constructed from fracture-resistant steel.
25:51It's made to be flexible, not brittle.
25:53So it can bend and twist to absorb the punishment of heavy seas.
25:58This ship has got metal that should be behaving in a ductile manner, absorbing more energy.
26:04Something like if I had a piece of licorice and I pulled on it and bent, it would deform, narrow
26:11down before it breaks.
26:13So we're seeing things that are unexpected that we don't understand.
26:17It doesn't make any sense.
26:20Investigators find themselves with a deeper mystery to solve.
26:23Keep it on the starboard bow.
26:25Why did a ship designed to flex and bend fail when the crew needed it most?
26:35How can this ductile material behave brittlely?
26:39We're still trying to figure this out. There's something else going on.
26:45Looking for answers, investigators examine the ship's history and how it was operated.
26:52The Flair was built in 1972.
26:55So at the time of the occurrence, it was 26 years old, which for a bulk carrier is probably about
27:02eight years past his normal service life.
27:06Pretty old for a bulk carrier.
27:09Investigator Ken Potter is a marine safety analyst on the team.
27:14Bulk carriers do lead a tough life and some of the materials they're carrying can be very hard on the
27:19vessel.
27:21For example, iron ore comes on board in pellets that are often very hot.
27:25And they're discharged with big grab buckets that actually can damage the vessel itself.
27:32There can be tremendous forces imposed on the hull by heavy cargoes like that that stress the ship sometimes beyond
27:39its limits.
27:40The Flair has had a long and brutal service life.
27:44Here's something.
27:47What do you got?
27:49It turns out that bulk carriers like Flair also have a deadly history.
27:54Over the previous seven years, a total of 99 bulk carriers were lost, taking with them over 650 lives.
28:04All of these are bulk carriers.
28:07That's insane.
28:08The numbers are shocking.
28:12On average, that's roughly one bulk carrier would be lost a month.
28:19They would occur so suddenly, sometimes there was no maydays.
28:24The investigators consider a terrifying possibility.
28:29Other bulk carriers may also have snapped in half.
28:33No one knows what happened to those vessels.
28:36The crew didn't survive.
28:37They just, they disappeared.
28:41If they're right, other bulk carriers may be in danger.
28:48Searching for a new lead, investigators find one in the port of Rotterdam in the Netherlands.
28:55It's here where the Flair's final voyage began.
29:00We had to talk to the pilot in Rotterdam that had guided the ship out of Rotterdam.
29:11The role of the pilot is to safely guide the vessel out of port.
29:16He was an important source of information.
29:21Harbor pilots navigate thousands of ships out of this port each year.
29:26But something about the Flair stood out.
29:29The Flair, yes, I do remember the ship. She was empty.
29:34I also remember she had a light forward draft on her.
29:38A light forward draft means the bow of the ship floats high out of the water.
29:44Perfectly safe when seas are calm.
29:46But in a storm, it can cause serious problems.
29:54Picture a vessel as a teeter-totter.
29:57In this case, a 700-foot-long teeter-totter.
30:00And the bow teeter-totters or tips forward into the trough.
30:05It comes down with a bang.
30:08Over time, this can damage the ship.
30:11With the continual pounding through the waves, you get bending this way and bending back that way.
30:19Bending this way, bending back that way.
30:22Much like a paper clip being bent back and forth.
30:25It can start to fatigue and then crack and fail.
30:30Investigators wonder if Flair's bow was riding too high in heavy seas.
30:35Chief, decreasing speed to five knots.
30:40And did the continual pounding ultimately cause it to snap?
30:45To reduce stresses to the hull in big waves, seawater is pumped into a ship's ballast tanks.
30:52The weight makes it sit lower in the water to provide a smoother ride in the waves.
30:58Keep her on the starboard bow.
31:02Investigators know the Flair left port in an extremely light condition.
31:07What they don't know is how much ballast the captain had added to the tanks just before the ship broke
31:14in half.
31:15We knew she was empty, so how much ballast, where it was placed, was very important for us to find
31:21out.
31:23They come up with an ingenious way to find out.
31:26Look at how the ice is formed.
31:28By looking at images of the Flair's main deck.
31:32You see those square edges?
31:34You can see where there is snow and ice patterns.
31:37And that was very valuable to assist us in determining ballast.
31:41Because if you have water ballast, it contains heat longer than an empty air tank.
31:49A ballast tank full of seawater retains enough heat to melt the snow that lands on its surface.
31:56Empty tanks will get colder and allow snow and even ice to build up on the decks above.
32:05There's not enough seawater in these tanks.
32:10You can see on the imagery where there is snow and ice because that tank was most likely empty.
32:18Why go into a storm with empty tanks? It doesn't make sense.
32:23As they search for an answer, something catches their attention.
32:28In Flair's last survey, most of the ship's ballast tanks were found to be severely corroded and in need of
32:35repair.
32:37In particular, there were some repairs that were being done in some of the upper wing tanks.
32:42And that would require them to remove the ballast water in order to effect those repairs.
32:48They've been given what's known as a condition of class.
32:51That is a specific period of time in which they're allowed to continue to sail, but must have the repairs
32:59done.
33:00They've only got weeks to get the repairs done.
33:03That's a lot of pressure.
33:06The captain has to think to himself, okay, what is the nature of the repair?
33:11Is it dangerous?
33:12Like, do I think that I should sail this ship?
33:16And in reflection, he makes a decision that we can do this.
33:22With time running out, some repairs were to be done at sea.
33:26But the North Atlantic had other ideas.
33:31The weather conditions they experienced, the heavy seas, the storm and a near hurricane force winds would have made it
33:41very, very difficult to conduct any repairs on the voyage.
33:44It's possible, unfinished repairs that some ballast tanks couldn't be filled and left the already empty ship pounding heavily through
33:54raging seas.
33:56How many times did the force of a massive wave simply rip the ship apart?
34:04A closer look at Flair's plans shows it was built to take the worst any ocean has to offer.
34:11It was strengthened, its hull was strengthened to take oar.
34:15So this vessel was stronger than other belt carriers at the time, yet it catastrophically failed while empty.
34:27Searching for answers, investigators dig deeper into the ship's structure.
34:33Maybe there was a problem that we couldn't see on the imagery.
34:36So we really are in a position now, you can't answer this unless you get eyes on the wreckage itself
34:44and analyze it.
34:49Investigator John Garstang boards the Canadian Coast Guard vessel Earl Grey and ventures out to the sunken wreck of the
34:57Flair's bow about 145 kilometers off the coast of Cape Breton.
35:03He has an ROV equipped with a high resolution video camera to scan the wreckage for clues.
35:10We've only got a limited weather window and we have to make the best of every minute we've got.
35:17As the ROV goes into the water, Garstang knows this may be the investigation's last chance to find out what
35:25caused the Flair to break apart.
35:35Investigator John Garstang watches the ROV descend towards the wreckage.
35:39of Flair's bow section.
35:42Months of investigation hinge on whatever physical evidence he can find.
35:47This is a risky operation because you're going on a wreck and there's cables and twisted metal and everything you
35:57can entangle on.
35:58We may all of a sudden lose a $100,000 vehicle in addition to accomplishing nothing.
36:0976 meters below the surface, Flair's bow looms into view.
36:16You never do get used to coming up on a wreck out of the dim and dark and then seeing
36:23this massive structure.
36:26And you cannot help but not be personally affected.
36:31Basically, you're at a gravesite. Those who didn't make it.
36:38The sunken bow has landed on the seafloor, nearly upside down.
36:43It actually rolled and was upside down to show us the stuff we couldn't see when it was floating.
36:48Okay, move in.
36:51Right there.
36:53As the hull fracture comes into view edge on, Garstang sees a series of telltale markings within the thickness of
37:01the steel.
37:02To our surprise, we start encountering clamshell marks which are characteristic or indicative of fatigue cracks.
37:14These small fatigue cracks have an identifiable clamshell pattern that can be caused by the continued flexing of steel over
37:23time.
37:25Those lines that make up that series of concentric marks are actually crack arrest lines where the crack would advance,
37:34stop, advance, stop, advance, stop in little increments so it's slowly growing.
37:39This could be where it all started.
37:42Growing inside the steel, these fatigue cracks were all but invisible to Flair's captain and crew.
37:50Here, there's more.
37:53We kept finding more cracks, then more cracks.
37:57They're small, but those crack patterns and cracks are ticking time bombs.
38:04All these cracks are starting getting bigger, joining, eventually joining to the point that they're critical in size.
38:12The analogy I could give you with glass, if you just put a thin scratch on the surface of that
38:20glass.
38:20Once you have that, if you then have a shock loading, which is the pounding of the waves, the sudden
38:30bending, that combination can then suddenly create a rapid, fast fracture.
38:39So rapid that it's catastrophic.
38:45The actual crack on board the Flair would have started and propagated all the way around the hull in fractions
38:53of a second, literally at the speed of sound.
39:01Six months after the sinking of the bulk carrier Flair, investigators have found their smoking gun.
39:09And signs of corrosion on some fatigue cracks reveal they may have been growing for years.
39:15Maybe it might take a year, two years, those cracks slowly progressing, the right circumstances and then catastrophic failure as
39:23we saw in the Flair.
39:26The Flair's crew didn't know it, but they left Rotterdam on a ship that was already primed to break apart.
39:32Decreasing speed to five knots.
39:35The pounding transatlantic voyage weakened it further before the final storm near the Cabot Strait proved to be the knockout
39:44punch.
39:45The ship was inspected and it passed.
39:49Flair had ultrasonic tests done on its hull, but the deadly fatigue cracks were never detected.
39:56Now it brings into question, who did the inspection?
40:00How well is the inspection being done?
40:03Maybe it's a person whose equipment isn't what it should be.
40:07So this triggers a safety response with urgency.
40:12There's other vessels all over the world that may be in danger.
40:18We gotta warn those other ships.
40:20Those cracks are like ticking time bombs.
40:24The same type of hidden fatigue cracks that broke the Flair could sink another bulk carrier at any moment.
40:31The question now, can investigators get the message out before it's too late?
40:38There's a very large fleet of similar design vessels. Do they have cracks and we could tell them at locations
40:45that we're finding these?
40:47The response is alarming.
40:50Fourteen bulk carriers, similar to Flair, are immediately flagged as high risk.
40:56Two vessels of similar design that come into Canadian waters, one of which was inspected, had cracks like the Flair.
41:06If they were not found, just as they were not found in the Flair, the same catastrophic thing could have
41:12happened to that vessel.
41:14So this was a, for me personally, I know with the other team members, this is a big deal.
41:22The need to improve inspections isn't the industry's only wake-up call.
41:28The night of the disaster, none of the crew were seen wearing immersion suits when they abandoned ship.
41:36The insulated neoprene suits are designed to help victims survive on the open ocean.
41:42It's not uncommon for seamen or crew on ships to actually prepare themselves for an emergency like that.
41:51And I will say myself, I have been in situations where I've had my survival suit out of the closet
41:57just in case something happened.
42:00Immersion suits are standard issue on Canadian ships.
42:03But other countries have different rules.
42:08Thank you for meeting with me.
42:10Chief Investigator Bill McConey travels to Greece to question the Flair's owners.
42:15I'd like to talk to you about the Flair.
42:18In particular, I'd like to talk about the number of immersion suits.
42:24There are six survival suits on board, as required by law.
42:3025 guys. What are they supposed to do? Draws, draws.
42:39It was a bit of a shocker for me to learn that international regulations did not call for survival suits
42:46for all of the crew.
42:48We're going to have to work on the law, and I'm hoping that you'll help me out.
42:53With thousands of ships working bitterly cold oceans every day,
42:57investigators know the rules have to change, or more seafarers will die.
43:03I'll be in touch.
43:06To make their case, they used data on cold water survival developed for the Canadian military.
43:14We used a computer model that can simulate the various scenarios.
43:20We could put information about water temperatures, air temperatures, the type of clothing that was worn, whether or not they
43:26had life jackets.
43:29Would these individuals have survived? Had they been given immersion suits?
43:34They then compare the predicted survival times with or without a survival suit.
43:41The individuals with lighter clothing would have survived around two to two and a half hours.
43:48When we ran the model within immersion suits, survival times increased by 12 to 14 hours.
43:56The results are no surprise. With immersion suits, more of the Flair's crew would probably have survived.
44:05You always hope that you can make a difference.
44:09Of course, there's the families too, a closure, like, what happened? Why did this happen?
44:16The investigation and results of the survivability model are presented to the International Maritime Organization, demanding change.
44:27The IMO and the 150 member nations agreed with us, and the rules for change requiring one survival suit per
44:35crew member.
44:38Sadly, in too many cases, you need a very tragic event with fatalities to create true change.
44:49The Flair is part of a legacy of tragic events.
44:5721 years after the tragedy, Romarlo and Cyrus meet once again.
45:12The two men survived a trauma they'll never forget, and it changed their lives forever.
45:20My goal was, by age 35, I wanted to be a chief engineer, because that was my dream.
45:27Not anymore. I never went aboard a ship ever again.
45:34Since then, they've enjoyed watching their families grow.
45:38But most of their crew mates weren't so lucky.
45:43It should have been avoided.
45:46It should have been avoided.
45:47So I'm hoping that after the accident and the flare, the maritime industry should have had a lesson.
46:05The ship can be filled with no safety in 2.0.
46:06The ship began to die with a�hp or a man, or a man on the island.
46:11The ship went on the 막hing all the way on the island.
46:17The ship was significant, but this is the ship, which was about the ship.
46:17The ship had been God's kilobody.
46:17So the ship was brought in the boat to a lady.
46:17But there were a lot of people who were brought here and he did not sing the ship.
46:18The ship was brought out the boat to the ship.
46:18The ship must have been visited.
46:19The ship was brought in the ship with the ship to the ship.
46:20The ship was brought in the ship.ます.
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