00:01Oh, hey, hi, I'm Chris and Chris, and welcome to So Cool as I, as I do get you right
00:05at home.
00:05I'm here because of trillions and trillions of cells, and going over to the science island, to the science hall.
00:09What are the parts of a cell, and what are their functions?
00:16Well, that's an extremely great question. I'm thinking that you should...
00:23You will need a plastic bag, some assorted candy, and some corn syrup.
00:29Start by getting yourself one of these fruit squares, and then slice it in half.
00:34On one of your slices, you're going to place tiny sprinkles all over the front and back.
00:39Fold this over on itself, and then attach it to a gumball.
00:43Take the other half, fold it over on itself.
00:46Take another fruit square, fold it in half, and then fold this over on itself as well.
00:52Now get yourself a plastic zipping bag.
00:55Place these folded over fruit squares and gumball into your plastic zipper bag.
01:01Grab six of these lemon candies, and grab yourself five beans.
01:07No, I'm talking about them jelly beans.
01:10And then whip these into your plastic bag.
01:14Now get yourself some chocolate cylinder candies, and slice them in half.
01:19Throw these pieces into your plastic bag.
01:22Now carefully fill the plastic bag with corn syrup and zipper shot.
01:28Now work the gumball to the center of the bag, and then spread up the lemon candies and jelly beans.
01:34Until you get a cellular candy model like this.
01:38Oh yeah, now that's what I call a super wicked cell model.
01:41So what do each of the pieces of candy represent, and what are their function?
01:46Well, don't look at me.
01:48Take a closer look at this.
01:50The cellular plasma membrane is a boundary between the cell and the environment.
01:55It allows particles to enter the cell, such as your digested food and oxygen,
02:00as well as remove waste like urea and CO2.
02:03It's also responsible for allowing several cells to work and bind together.
02:08The cytoplasm is a semi-fluid made up of 65% of water, as well as digested nutrients and minerals.
02:14It provides an environment for the organelles to do their chemical reactions.
02:19The nucleus is the control center of the cell and holds the strands of DNA.
02:23The reason the DNA is inside the nucleus is to protect it from the chemical reactions happening in the cytoplasm.
02:29The DNA sends out molecular messages through the nuclear pores that also allow molecules to enter.
02:35Molecular signals flash back and forth through these pores as often as 10 times per second.
02:40The ribosomes are responsible for turning DNA's molecular message into proteins,
02:45which is why the rough ER, or endoplasmic reticulum, is covered in many ribosomes.
02:50The rough ER is a lot like an assembly plant, which processes and modifies proteins.
02:55The Golgi bodies are a lot like a packaging plant because proteins received are mixed with other chemicals
03:02and undergo a chemical reaction, after which they are sorted and then packed into small bubbles
03:07and sent to the rest of the cell.
03:09Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, which digest food particles
03:13and also act like a garbage and recycling plant.
03:16They gather up waste products in the cytoplasm, digest them,
03:19they also recycle old organelles by deassembling the parts
03:23so that they can be reused by making new organelles.
03:26The mitochondria are a lot like the power plant of the cell
03:29because they are responsible for creating energy through a chemical reaction
03:32by burning proteins to create energy.
03:35The more active the cell is, like muscle cells, the more mitochondria will be found.
03:39The smooth ER doesn't have the ribosomes like the rough ER,
03:42and it acts like a detox center,
03:44such as those in the liver cells, which detoxify chemicals found in the cytoplasm.
03:50Eukaryotic cells evolved from primitive prokaryotic cells,
03:53which lost their cell walls.
03:55This allowed the membrane to expand and fold.
03:58The mitochondria in animal cells and the chloroplast in plant cells
04:02were primitive prokaryotic free-moving bacteria,
04:06which were engulfed into the cell.
04:08Instead of digesting these bacteria, the cell maintained them.
04:12These new cells evolved into the eukaryotic animal and plant cells we know today.
04:17So now you know the parts of a cell and their function.
04:19You know, making a candy cell model that you get to eat right at home.
04:21It's YSI out!
04:24It's all cool!
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