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Two men, Itamar Ben Gvir and Bezalel Smotrich, are driving the radical right-wing agenda of Benyamin Netanyahu's government. They are the heirs of two ideological currents that were once marginal: Kahanism and religious Zionism. Today, they are throwing all their weight behind their ideological agenda: imposing Jewish supremacist legislation and refounding biblical Israel.
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00:08Jerusalem, January the 24th, 2024.
00:13Israel has been at war in Gaza for four months.
00:175,000 Israelis, mostly settlers from the West Bank,
00:22are gathered for a big conference.
00:25On the rostrum are several members of the government.
00:30The two main figures are Itamar Ben-Gavir,
00:32Minister of National Security,
00:37and B'Tselel Smutvich, Minister of Finance.
00:41The theme of the conference is recolonization of Gaza,
00:45almost 20 years after Israel left this territory.
00:50Good job.
00:52Without security, there is no security.
00:56Without security and concern for Israel,
01:26there is no security in all of Israel.
01:48These elected representatives of the religious far right took office at the beginning of 2023.
01:56Benjamin Netanyahu entered an alliance with them to come back as Prime Minister.
02:01Missiles are pouring down in the Middle Eastern sky while they dance.
02:33They gather just over 10% of the electorate's vote, but their influence has become major.
02:40If Netanyahu lets them go, they will bring his government down.
02:44If Netanyahu lets them have their own way, they will impose their agenda.
02:49Who are they? What do they want?
02:51This is an investigation about these ministers of chaos who have spurred many Israelis to rise up.
03:29In December 2022, this official government photo marks the return of Benjamin Netanyahu to power, after being in the opposition
03:38for a year and a half.
03:40He relies on the rightmost coalition in the country's history, made up of his own party, Likud, and of several
03:47religious and far-right parties.
03:49Two figures embody this radical shift more than anyone.
03:57Bezalel Smotrich, Minister of Finance, head of the Religious Zionist Party.
04:04And Itamar Bengvir, Minister of National Security, who leads the Supremacist Party, Jewish Power.
04:11In the immediate aftermath, the coalition announced a judicial reform that sparked things off.
04:19He was a leader of the army and gave the peace of the army to everyone.
04:26He said,
04:27We will be working on the military agencies.
04:30We will be working on the public's office.
04:33We will be working on the military's office.
04:34We will be working on the military's office.
04:36And he will be working on the military's office,
04:38when he says,
04:39And this is the first step.
04:42For months, millions of progressive Israelis took to the streets to fight what they called a coup d'etat.
04:49In Israel, the Supreme Court is the main counterweight against the government and the parliament.
04:56The opposition blamed Benjamin Netanyahu for conceding the reform he had long rejected to the most radical wing of his
05:04coalition.
05:04Faced with prosecution for bribery, fraud, and breach of trust for several years,
05:10he is suspected of trying to escape judicial proceedings.
05:24The figurehead of the protest movement is Shikma Bressler.
05:28For this doctor in nuclear physics, a political novice,
05:32the judicial reform and the presence of the far-right in the coalition are clearly connected.
05:39Everyone can defend the war against the dictator.
05:44100,000 people will ensure that Israel will remain.
05:48Dead!
05:49Dead!
05:50Dead!
05:51Dead!
05:51Dead!
05:53Dead!
05:56Dead!
05:56Dead!
05:58Dead!
05:58Dead!
05:58Dead!
05:58Dead!
05:59Dead!
06:03Dead!
06:04Dead!
06:08Dead!
06:10Dead!
06:10that they are Jews,
06:11more than anyone who is not a Jew,
06:13and more than anyone who is not a Jew or not a Jew,
06:16as well as them.
06:16This is a direct connection to their desire
06:18to spread the peace of Israel
06:20and to create a state that is not democratic
06:23on the Arab and Palestinian area in Israel.
06:28The crisis revealed a divide in Israeli society.
06:32At the other end of the spectrum,
06:34the radical right also mobilized its troops in the streets,
06:37calling people to support the reform at all costs.
06:49The flags are the same,
06:51but the political message is very different.
06:57On stage, Betselel Smutrich,
07:00new Minister of Finance, stirs up the crowd.
07:07We continue this work
07:10because of democracy to democracy,
07:13the people are silent for their officials.
07:17The defender's authority is a terrible candidate.
07:23Supporters of Betselel Smutrich,
07:25are mostly religious settlers.
07:27They blame the supreme court
07:29for being a major obstacle
07:30to their project of annexation
07:32of the occupied territories.
07:38Wetzel El Smoltrich resembles his messianic electorate.
07:42He too believes that the laws of men must be subjected to the laws of God.
07:47He too supports colonization.
07:51Journalist Ruth Margolit spent many months investigating the life of this son of an orthodox
07:57rabbi who grew up in the occupied territories.
08:02Smoltrich grows up in these yeshivas around the settler movement.
08:07He's a very bright student.
08:09He becomes a leader there.
08:11He had all these radical statements in the past about how his wife would not sleep in
08:17a maternity ward next to an Arab woman.
08:20You know, really extremist views.
08:22He has a plan that he calls .
08:25How are we going to defeat the Palestinian?
08:30He made his plan public in 2017 and promoted it in video clips shortly after becoming a member
08:38of parliament for the first time.
09:19of our lives in peace.
09:20They will be able to fight and continue on the terror.
09:23I'm sure that Elen Novis is also.
09:26That's when you see him starting to talk about these judicial measures that he thought needed
09:31to be passed in Israel way before the Netanyahu government brought it up for legislation in this term.
09:39He's one of the original kind of drafters of these ideas.
09:44Bezlel Smoltrich is heir to a nationalist and religious movement which surfaced in 1967 after the Six-Day War.
09:56This express victory against the armies of five Arab countries allowed Israel to triple the size of its territory.
10:05The Israeli army took the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, the West Bank from Jordan, and the
10:14Golan Heights from Syria.
10:16What to do with these new territories? Barter them for peace or keep them permanently?
10:23While labor leaders were still discussing what to do next, a group of believers were considering a different option altogether.
10:31For them, this victory was a prophecy.
10:38There was a divide between the territorial maximalists and more moderates before 1967,
10:45but it was a non-issue because Israel did not control territories in the West Bank or the Gaza Strip.
10:52After the Six-Day War, this became an issue.
10:55The grassroots movement started with the followers of Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kuk, who saw it as their calling,
11:03as their opportunity to put their ideology into action and settle in the Promised Land.
11:10According to Rabbi Kuk, the Jews must settle all over the land promised by God in the Old Testament.
11:17Beni Katsova was a pioneer of this religious movement, later named Gush Emunim, the Block of Faith.
11:25This organization fights for the creation of settlements.
11:30Beni Katsova himself is one of the founders of Ellen Moray,
11:34established eight kilometers from Nablus, one of the largest cities of the West Bank.
11:41The government did not even give up to one of the Jews to stay here.
11:45We did not give up to one of them.
11:46We did not give up to one of them.
11:47We did eight times, two days, in the years, in the 1974-1975,
11:52seven times we were able to put it in the house.
11:54When Rabbi, who was able to put it in the house,
11:56seven times we were able to put it in the house,
12:00he was able to put it in the house,
12:04and he was able to put it in the house.
12:06And that's how the way to the Shomerun
12:08has led to the Shomerun,
12:08the process that led to a half a million Jews today
12:11to 300 points of the Jews.
12:15Over the years, the territory was gnawed away.
12:18In addition to these 300 settlements,
12:21areas confiscated by the army,
12:24expropriated agricultural land,
12:26roads and infrastructure,
12:28divide and break up the West Bank more and more.
12:32Smodrich is very much committed to the ideology.
12:35He's very capable in talking to the different audiences
12:39that he's trying to serve.
12:41I want a Jewish state.
12:43What does it mean?
12:44A Jewish state.
12:44It's very, very important.
12:45It's a country that moves across the world
12:47of the Jews.
12:48The sovereignty of Israel is beginning
12:50on the sea and in the sea,
12:52or in this stage,
12:53or in this stage,
12:53we're also able to move over the Yerdael,
12:55in the next stage?
12:56Okay, slowly, slowly.
12:57It says in Chazal,
12:58that Israel is the history of Jerusalem
12:59and the history of Jerusalem
13:00to move up to Damascus.
13:01That's what we're doing.
13:02Just Jerusalem.
13:04Until Damascus.
13:06Betzaler Smodrich has a maximalist view
13:09of the promised land.
13:10It includes the Palestinian territories,
13:13but also territories in Jordan,
13:15Syria,
13:17Lebanon,
13:17Iraq,
13:18Egypt,
13:19and Saudi Arabia.
13:21Admittedly,
13:22this is a radical vision.
13:24But in Israel,
13:25it is now commonly accepted in the public debate.
13:30Itamar Ben-Gvir, on the other hand,
13:32originates from an ideology that was banned for a long time
13:35from the legitimate political field.
13:38The Minister of National Security was the favourite target
13:41of the thousands of progressive Israelis
13:43demonstrating in 2023 against the judicial reform.
14:03Itamar Ben-Gvir is indeed well-known from the Israeli public.
14:07He has been a prominent figure of the far-right for the last 30 years.
14:12In 1993, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin
14:16and the Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat signed the Oslo Accords.
14:22For months, a climate of hatred towards the Israeli Prime Minister reigned in the streets.
14:29Rabin received daily threats by members of the radical right.
14:33They opposed this historic agreement that was to be a prelude to the creation of a Palestinian state.
14:40This is the context in which Itamar Ben-Gvir emerged for the first time in 1995.
14:47He was 19 at the time.
14:49One of his accomplices attacked the Prime Minister's car
14:52by pulling off the Cadillac sign from the bonnet.
14:55In this video, he brags about it.
15:11A few weeks later, on November the 4th, 1995, Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated
15:18by a radical right-wing activist in the middle of a public celebration.
15:25Itamar Ben-Gvir, the leader of Jewish power,
15:28comes from these Kahanist circles, very extremist.
15:33The Kahana movement has only really one agenda,
15:37which is racism towards the Arab people.
15:40If you would have asked me before 2003, who is Ben-Gvir?
15:43I would have said that it is one of the Zlobis,
15:45the violent people who want to protect the Palestinians and protect them.
15:51One of the reasons Itamar Ben-Gvir was convicted
15:54was his activism in a radical party banned by the Israeli authorities, the Kah.
16:01Every year, the former activists get together to honour the memory
16:05and defend the controversial legacy of the movement's founder,
16:09Mir Khan, a rabbi from America.
16:12Former spokesman of the movement, Itamar Ben-Gvir has given speeches there for a long time.
16:18Here, for instance, in 2019.
16:24Itamar Ben-Gvir.
16:31Today, we also believe in the Likud,
16:35that there was a fear that they wanted to defend the Arab Kahana.
16:45In the late 60s, in New York, Mir Khan founded the Jewish Defense League,
16:50an organisation that advocated for the use of violence to fight anti-Semitism.
16:56After being arrested by the FBI for illegally possessing arms, ammunition and explosives,
17:02Mir Khan relocated to Israel in 1971.
17:05There he founded his political party, Kah.
17:08In 1984, he was elected to the Knesset, the Israeli parliament,
17:13where he would assert his main demand, the expulsion of all Arab citizens out of Israel.
17:21I want the Arabs out, out, out, out.
17:24Wow!
17:25Every time that he was here to defend,
17:28he was here to the Knesset,
17:29the Prime Minister of Yitzchak Shemir,
17:31who was a very strong man,
17:33he was here and he was here,
17:34and he was here,
17:35and there were a part of the Soviet Union.
17:37He was not able to see this effect,
17:40which is speaking from the front of the Knesset.
17:43His followers came from the peripheries,
17:45from new immigrants or from the peripheries of the towns and development towns,
17:51and this is where he became more and more powerful with time.
17:55So his ideas were more reminiscent of the populist radical right in Europe
18:00in terms of excluding minorities and deporting immigrants who are not Jewish, etc.
18:07In 1988, the Israeli Supreme Court banned the Kach party for inciting racism.
18:14Two years later, Meir Kahane was assassinated in New York by a naturalized American Egyptian.
18:23Ben Gvir never met Meir Kahane.
18:25That's his biggest regret.
18:27He was too young.
18:29But he joined the movement right after
18:31and became very close with people who were considered right-hand men to Kahane.
18:41He was a little boy when I met him first.
18:49I persuaded him to join the Kach movement.
18:52He became the spokesman because all the big boys were in jail.
18:57He got in charge of the youngsters,
18:59and step by step he got stronger and stronger.
19:03So they made a lot of noise, a lot of demonstrations.
19:12He would get these teenagers to start gathering once a week or even more for all these activities.
19:22He would tell them to do spray painting, vandalism, and the Kahanist movement has always been a place for at
19:30-risk youth to gather.
19:32These high school dropouts.
19:35People who were sort of outside the system.
19:37So they turned to him as a figure of authority.
19:40And I should say he denies a lot of these activities now.
19:43But he's also been indicted for doing this kind of work.
19:56Itamar Ben-Givir supervised young Kahanists for roughly 15 years.
20:01One of them broke his silence.
20:04My name is Gilad Sadeh.
20:06I grew up in Kiryat Arba and raised as a Kahanist.
20:11I was very close to Ben-Givir.
20:13He was literally almost like my older brother.
20:18Adopted son of one of Mia Kahan's right-hand men, Gilad Sadeh agreed with those radical ideas for a long
20:25time.
20:36He broke with that ideology and found refuge in Europe, but the nomination of Itamar Ben-Givir in the government
20:43convinced him to speak up to warn of the danger he thinks he represents.
20:49Actually, as a kid in the primary school, I was smuggling for him papers with incitements against Sarah.
20:57Because the police will not check me as a kid, right?
21:00Ben-Givir has a very interesting character, actually.
21:03He's in one hand very nice, very kind.
21:06But if you get in troubles with him, he becomes a bully.
21:12Basically, the way that they push their ideology is by creating buzz.
21:18And for that, they need to be more provocative.
21:20Sometimes they tell you, oh, today something happened.
21:24We need some action.
21:26I use as a teenager, as a 13, 14, 15 years old kid,
21:31to go at night to vandalize Palestinian cars.
21:35Cut the tires of the cars, then break the windows.
21:39Someone else, like, for example, Ben-Givir, will make it public in the media.
21:46It was the second intifada.
21:48I could easily get shot and killed.
21:52I was a kid.
21:54I had no idea what I'm doing.
21:55It's fucking crazy.
21:59One tragedy in particular epitomizes the Kahanists' fascination for violence.
22:04In February 1994, Baruch Goldstein, a Kahanist physician who opposed the Oslo Accords,
22:13went to the Ibrahimi Mosque at the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron.
22:18He cold-bloodedly killed 29 praying Palestinians before being killed himself.
22:25To Israeli justice, Baruch Goldstein is a terrorist.
22:29To the Kahanists, who honor his grave every year, he is a true hero.
22:36Baruch Goldstein becomes, for Ben-Givir, a kind of mentor, a hero.
22:41He hangs up a portrait of Goldstein in his home.
22:44He dresses up as him on Purim.
22:47He wears his costume.
22:53He kept Dr. Goldstein's portrait up until 2021, when he launched a de-demonization strategy
23:00to join parliament.
23:03He may have pulled out the portrait from his living room wall and say things like,
23:08I'm no longer there, but it's very clear that that's still the sentiment.
23:14While the Oslo Accords are a seminal event for Itamar Ben-Givir's militant commitment,
23:20a decade later, another event marked Bezalel Smotrich's entry into action.
23:25In 2005, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, a hawk from the right-wing Likud party,
23:32unilaterally decided to withdraw from the Gaza Strip, which Israel had occupied since 1967.
23:39At the time, 8,000 Israelis were living in 21 settlements in Gaza.
23:45The army was requisitioned to evict them,
23:48a decision that was to offend religious nationalists,
23:51who felt betrayed by the State of Israel.
23:54the Chinese in Islam and Montalazano were found on Syria.
23:59biases colleagues in Russia
24:00Waitaug Turner!
24:04He wasuled from Serbia and the police dead!
24:11Bezalel Smotrich, who was twenty four years old at the time,
24:15was arrested with four accomplices a few days before the events.
24:19The domestic intelligence services, the Shin Bet, suspected them of planning a violent action.
24:49They're going to take it on the ground, and when they take it off, they'll take it off.
24:53We gave it to them for three weeks.
24:56They gave it to them for three weeks.
25:00What was he saying?
25:04This is what he said.
25:05He said, really, like this?
25:08There's no way to talk about it.
25:09All five people have been through three weeks and go to the house.
25:13To feel a bit of a shot, you need to take your mind and turn it to your mind.
25:17If we were to do this, we would actually turn our minds off.
25:20And that's what we were not ready to do.
25:22I know that we made something very big.
25:25I was very happy that we were able to prove what Bezalel Smutrich was doing,
25:31and then, of course, he was not a Knesset and a minister.
25:42The withdrawal from Gaza has deeply marked this generation of the Israeli regime.
25:47It's a radical right for whom any territorial concession from the government is seen as a betrayal.
25:52In his meetings, Bezalel Smutrich often talks about this foundational event.
26:20The withdrawal also marked the beginning of the Likud's shift to the right.
26:25In the aftermath, Netanyahu took the helm to lead the historic party of the government's
26:31right wing to power in 2009.
26:55Immediately after the withdrawal from Gaza, the radical right created numerous NGOs to
27:00defend the interests of the settlers.
27:03Wetzel Smutrich focused his attention on private estates.
27:08He founded Regevim, a pro-settler organization that took legal action against Palestinian
27:13families, arguing that they reside there illegally, with the aim of expropriating them.
27:23Michael Svard was a victim of these practices.
27:27He is a lawyer for several human rights organizations.
27:30Between 2011 and 2013, he was subjected to a leak of confidential documents published in
27:38the radical right wing press.
27:39In the past, three years, the private workers were able to deliver a full-time job, in the
27:45way that I would have to deliver a full-time job.
27:48The private work of the government, which is a lot of money, is a lot of money, which
27:53is a lot of money.
27:54It was a lot of money.
27:56It was a lot of money that if the government did not have any money, which I think was
28:11Itamar Ben-Givir also decided to use the law. He became a lawyer in 2012.
28:17He starts representing the very same figures, the Kahanist figures, the settlers, very extremist settlers,
28:24the hilltop youth, the settler youth, all these outposts around the settlements that are kind of,
28:33often they do this sort of illegal activity.
28:36In 2015, for instance, he represented a young radical settler who murdered a Palestinian family,
28:42including a baby, by throwing a Molotov cocktail inside their house.
28:48Even Ben-Givir and Smoot Rich, they were two men who saw and learned how to do it
28:57to act in a way that it was possible to do it in a way to act in a society.
29:02It was a way to act in a criminal, and to turn it into a skill,
29:15It was also the right and center of the political spectrum.
29:26Year after year, the far-right has spread the use of racist words
29:31against Israeli Arabs in the public debate.
29:33This type of speech eventually reached the right and the center of the political spectrum.
30:03Israel wants to bring us to the point where the Jews and the Arabs were one against the other.
30:12But it's only a doubt about Benckver.
30:15The Israeli news is the first priority to turn Benckver to rockstar.
30:21Benckver had a breakdown every day for every television that he wanted.
30:27Benckver, he became an open source of every house in Israel.
30:33And they did the thing that he did not do.
30:36And it was to turn on the judgment.
30:39To turn on the Jewish power.
31:03The nation state law was passed in 2018.
31:07It declared Hebrew to be the only official language relegating Arabic, the mother tongue,
31:12of 20% of citizens, to an inferior, special status.
31:16It stated that unified Jerusalem is the exclusive capital of the country,
31:20including East Jerusalem, conquered in 1967.
31:25Finally, it proclaimed that only Jews have a right to self-determination.
31:51This polarizing reform sanctifies the ideology of the nationalist right.
31:56It goes hand in hand with other dangerous decisions.
32:00In 2018, for instance, Benjamin Netanyahu allowed Qatar to directly finance Hamas in power in Gaza since 2007.
32:10A strategy made to divide and to further weaken the Palestinian Authority to the benefit of Hamas,
32:17declared a terrorist movement by both the United States and the European Union.
32:23He has been able to get the government.
32:26He went to the government and ran to the borderline to the borderline.
32:30He entered a system that was able to pay for them for protection.
32:31about a billion and a half of dollars.
32:33He went to a military police charge,
32:36and did he have to pay for a million dollars.
32:37And ultimately, the government of the United States was able to pay for the United States.
32:50His past,
32:50and he was able to collect it.
32:51Smootrich is one of the main ideologies of this project.
32:55Two countries were in 2015.
32:59He said that we would like Hamas to protect ourselves
33:03even in Gaza on the rise of the regime.
33:05In the same regime,
33:07in this regime,
33:08the regime of the Palestinian,
33:09and you'll think about it now,
33:11the regime of the Palestinian Palestinian,
33:12and Hamas is a traitor.
33:14He is a traitor.
33:14He is no one who knows him,
33:15he is no one who knows him,
33:16he is no one who knows him,
33:19and he is a traitor.
33:20He has to take a decision by a security guard
33:21and he is no one who knows him.
33:23Hey, you need to say that Hamas is a traitor.
33:26I want to say that Hamas is a traitor.
33:27You need to say that Hamas is a traitor.
33:28You need to say that Hamas is a traitor.
33:29I want to say that we should be a traitor.
33:30They said Hamas,
33:33they are our enemies.
33:34With the first time,
33:35there are the migrants,
33:37the security guards are working together.
33:39If there was no security guards
33:40that were there in Israel,
33:41the place would be good and it would be good.
33:43From that moment on,
33:45the Netanyahu system went pear-shaped.
33:47He was prosecuted in three cases for bribery, fraud and breach of trust.
33:53More and more protests called for his departure.
33:56Several parties from the right and center refused to join his coalitions.
34:01Between 2018 and 2021, four election campaigns took place, centered around one single issue, pro or anti-BB.
34:13Benjamin Netanyahu relied on voices of civil society and on partisan medias to reinforce polarization around nationalists' topics.
34:22The intellectual Gadi Taub, a historian close to the nationalist right wing, very active on social media, is one of
34:29these voices.
34:30So if you look at Europe, where you have the struggle between patriots and supporters of the Union,
34:37so we have our own version, a national, state, patriots, which includes all the religious,
34:46versus the extreme progressives who are one-staters in another way and who are the local branch of globalism.
34:56You mean they're non-patriotic?
34:58Yes.
35:01In the spring of 2021, Benjamin Netanyahu lost the elections.
35:06The opposition negotiated a new coalition which included parties from the left, the center and the right,
35:13as well as an Arab party, for the first time in the country's history.
35:17This heterogeneous group was hanging by just one thread, just one seat in parliament.
35:26In May, as the parties negotiated the coalition agreement, violent events broke out in the mixed cities of Israel,
35:34where Jews and Arabs live side by side.
35:41During the month of Ramadan, the violence spread across the country.
35:45Here, in Batyam, for instance, a Palestinian is lynched on live television.
36:10Itamar Ben-Givir was about to be elected to parliament for the first time and proceeded to fan the flames.
36:23He visited Sheher-Gerah, an explosive neighborhood in East Jerusalem.
36:31For years, this district has been the subject of a legal battle led by settlers to evict several Palestinian families.
36:56You had Ben-Givir, this politician who represented the anti-establishment,
37:02someone who spoke about law and order, very much the populist vein.
37:07And he says that he will bring back Israel's ability to govern itself against the Palestinians,
37:13against its own Arab-Israeli citizens.
37:15And this somehow manages to appeal to a wide swath of the public.
37:23Itamar Ben-Givir's outrageous behavior in the streets in May 2021
37:27is condemned by Arab-Israeli MP Ayman O'Day.
37:32The leader of Ben-Givir, who is now a leader of Ben-Givir,
37:37said that who is who is who is who is who is Ben-Givir.
37:40And Ben-Givir, like all pirates, he took away from the streets and he wanted to be able to get
37:46it.
37:47But I will say to you who is the name of Ben-Yamin Nethaniyah.
38:06In just over a year, Ben-Yamin Nethaniyah, leader of the opposition, managed to bring down the new government.
38:13He now had to find allies to build a new coalition.
38:18The craze of boycott against Netanyahu at all cost
38:23left Likud with only one alternative,
38:25and this is to join all the forces on its right.
38:30What actually happened is that the ultra-orthodox and Ben-Givir,
38:33they looked around and saw that there is a coalition
38:37which preserves the national Jewish character of the state.
38:40Both Smotrich and Ben-Givir know that he is the strongest man in Israel
38:44who is able to orchestrate these, you know, powerful coalitions.
38:49They don't necessarily believe him.
38:51There is a leak of Smotrich calling Netanyahu the liar, the son of a liar.
39:15So they hash out an agreement, a written agreement.
39:18It was clear, and he said it out loud, that they would both become prominent ministers in his government.
39:24As someone told me, it's like Netanyahu is riding these two tigers.
39:28The most popular of the two far-right leaders, Itamar Ben-Givir,
39:33is entrusted with the mission to attract voters.
39:36On the 13th of October 2022, for instance,
39:40he overplays the security threat, gun in hand, in Sher-Jerah,
39:45the East Jerusalem neighborhood disputed between settlers and Palestinians.
40:04Ambushed cameras and phones, in short, the sequence went viral on social media.
40:12On November 1st, 2022, Benjamin Netanyahu's coalition won 64 mandates out of 120.
40:23The joint list of Bezalel Smotrich and Itamar Ben-Givir
40:26made a historic breakthrough with 14 seats won.
40:30For them, the ministry's doors were now wide open.
40:57For his first field visit on January 3rd, 2023,
41:02the new Minister of National Security, in charge of enforcing the law and maintaining order,
41:07picked the country's most sensitive place,
41:10Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa compound, called Temple Mount by the Jews.
41:15Since 1967, a status quo rule forbids the Jews from praying there.
41:32He thereby reiterated the provocation of Ariel Sharon in 2000, which led to the Second Intifada.
41:39However, the minister would repeat this provocation three times.
42:06In this context, the most radicals understand they have free reign.
42:11Following the murder of two young Israelis in the West Bank,
42:14400 settlers orchestrated a punitive raid on the Palestinian town of Uwara,
42:20on the night of the 26th to the 27th of February.
42:23They set fire to dozens of houses and physically attacked Palestinian residents.
42:30The toll, one dead, and hundreds injured.
42:35But the question is, why does it not happen?
42:37Because Betzalel Smutrich, Eitamar Benkvir, Benjamin Netanyahu, and all the soldiers,
42:42did not say the word terror.
42:44Betzalel Smutrich is saying that there is nothing like a terrorist, and there is nothing like a terrorist.
42:49In an interview, Betzalel Smutrich gave his support to the settlers responsible for Uwara's pogrom.
43:11A few days later, in Paris, he went even further at a private event.
43:18Betzalel Smutrich, Eitamar Benkvir, Benjamin Netanyahu, and the Palestinian town of Uwara's pogrom.
43:23His words caused outrage on the international scene.
43:27These comments were irresponsible.
43:30They were repugnant.
43:32They were disgusting.
43:49Protests rumbled in the country.
43:51They focused on the judicial reform which restricts the power of the Supreme Court.
43:56Leaders of start-ups, academics, civil servants, security services.
44:01Month after month, the flock of protestors kept growing.
44:06Thousands of reservists claimed they would not join their units if the government refused to abandon its plan.
44:12The United States were concerned about the government's drift.
44:19It cannot continue to on-through, and I've sort of made that clear.
44:26I'm hopeful, hopefully, the Prime Minister will act in a way that he will try to work out some genuine
44:33compromise, but that remains to be seen.
44:36Are you inclined to the Prime Minister that the Prime Minister had to be offered to the White House, sir?
44:40Are you coming to Washington?
44:41Not in a near-term.
44:44Not in a near-term.
44:45Netanyahu, in the beginning, explained to the Americans that it's all in a decision.
44:49And Smootrich, Ben-Gavir, they are real, and he is a statement, the elder statement, he knows what to do.
44:56And suddenly, they said that he doesn't want, or he doesn't want, or he doesn't want to move forward.
45:01Could Israel afford to ignore the disapproval of the United States, one of its staunchest allies, any longer?
45:10Later that year, one of the country's greatest tragedies showed it shouldn't have.
45:26This is the voice of Mayor Regev, 21 years old.
45:34October the 7th, together with 2,000 people, she participated in the Nova Festival, south of the country, a few
45:42kilometers from the Gaza border.
45:44At dawn, they found themselves under fire from Palestinian terrorists.
45:503,000 people from Gaza, following the instructions of Hamas, crossed the wall that separates the Gaza enclave from Israel.
45:58They attacked by surprise all the neighboring towns, including many kibbutz.
46:11Nearly 1,200 people were killed.
46:14240 were taken hostage, including Maya.
46:18For hours, Israelis in the south of the country were left to their own devices.
46:24Good.
46:25People were joined, and families, and the families were sent to them, or those husbands were sent to their children
46:32and to their children, and women were sent to them from their themselves.
46:56The country was stunned and hoped to depart
46:59from the divisions of the last few months to focus on a war perceived as existential.
47:05Several opposition parties suggested forming a government of national unity on the one
47:10condition that Itamar Ben Givir and Betzalel Smotrich were to leave.
47:16Netanyahu refused.
47:18The only party to join the coalition was the centrist party of Benny Gantz, former army
47:24chief of staff.
47:25He resigned after eight months.
47:28The end of the year, Ben Gantz, former army of Ben Gantz, former army of Ben Gantz,
48:12the military response of the Israeli army has been massive and brutal.
48:16The civilian population of Gaza is on the front line.
48:20The war promises to be long and deadly.
48:24Tens of thousands of people have been killed, including numerous women and children.
48:30Hundreds of thousands of people have been displaced and whole areas have been destroyed.
48:40civilians of Gaza are going through an unprecedented tragedy, while Israelis struggle over their
48:45own trauma.
48:57Five months in, Israel's national unity cracked.
49:02Every Saturday night, tens of thousands of Israelis have been gathering in front of the Tel
49:07Aviv Museum, renamed Hostages Square.
49:10In February 2024, Hamas still held 133 people hostage in Gaza.
49:18I am Gili Dikman, and I am a son of Karmel Gantz, who is buried in Gaza.
49:25On 7 October, ten and a half in the morning, the soldiers returned to my daughter's house.
49:32The first one that they saw was my daughter's house, who was buried in Gaza.
49:38And through the night, they were able to see how they took their daughter's house, Karmel.
49:45I saw her, and this is the last thing that we know really clearly.
49:50Hostages' families demand an agreement with Hamas for the liberation of the captives.
49:57Now!
49:58Now!
50:00Now!
50:00In the first days, the Prime Minister and the Prime Minister are speaking
50:03and the Prime Minister are speaking, and they are suggesting that there are five goals
50:05for the fight.
50:07No one of them is not a threat.
50:09In the case of Smoltrich, he is the Prime Minister, but also the Prime Minister,
50:13and he is speaking at the 7 October of the evening at the State Department.
50:17If you want to shoot shoot, shoot.
50:20You need to introduce all the strength in Gaza,
50:22without thinking more than in the past.
50:24The subject of the captives was not in front of Israel.
50:28It could be that there was an issue that you can use it.
50:32The influence of the Hostages and Missing Families Forum is rapidly felt in all places of power,
50:38starting with Parliament.
50:40This is where Gil Dickman came face to face with Itamar Ben-Givir for the first time.
50:45On January the 23rd, 2024, Ben-Givir's party organized a committee to discuss a draft bill
50:53instituting the death penalty for Palestinian terrorists.
50:56How many minutes before I started the interview?
50:58In the case, I saw you there at Ben-Givir.
51:00I had this conversation with the letter of Carmel.
51:02I said, no.
51:03He said, no.
51:06He said, no.
51:11He said, no.
51:12He said, no.
51:18He said, no.
51:22He said, no.
51:26The evening
51:26He said, no.
51:32What?
51:33We had some town parties.
51:39All armed.
51:41There's aaria going on.
51:43All armed control.
51:44All armed officers and sisters.
51:47So I'm is counting on every level of war.
51:49How many fields we could enjoy this film?
51:54It's necessary.
51:58It's necessary.
52:00It's necessary.
52:01It's necessary.
52:01Not now.
52:02Now, to move on to the house.
52:59Betzalel Smiltrich, in charge of civil administration in the occupied territories, also decided to make a move.
53:06Early 2024, with all eyes on Gaza, he announced the construction of 3,500 new housing units in the West
53:15Bank,
53:16the expropriation of 800 hectares of Palestinian land, and the recognition of 68 new illegal settlements,
53:24a record number in the last 25 years.
53:51There's a question.
53:53There's one thing that you can do.
53:56There's an endless war.
54:00In this context, the most radical settlers in the West Bank felt free to act with impunity.
54:06For instance, on October the 13th, in Atouani, south of Hebron.
54:14The Palestinian shot without warning was Zakaria al-Adra.
54:19This villager asked the two armed radical settlers and the military to leave.
54:24He survived his injuries.
54:27From the beginning of the war until the 12th of August, 2024, the UN recorded 1,250 settler attacks in
54:35the West Bank, as well as 609 Palestinian deaths, including 146 children.
54:41The Americans decided to send a clear message, supported also by France, the United Kingdom and the European Union.
54:50They imposed sanctions against radical settlers, including close acquaintances of Itamar Ben-Gavir.
55:16The red card is delivered by Israel's biggest supporter, the American president.
55:21This is what he said on March the 8th, 2024, in the annual State of the Union address before the
55:28U.S. Congress.
55:29Israel has a right to go after Hamas.
55:31Israel also has a fundamental responsibility, though, to protect innocent civilians in Gaza.
55:37More than 30,000 Palestinians have been killed, most of whom are not Hamas.
55:43As we look to the future, the only real solution to the situation is a two-state solution over time.
55:50Joe Biden was then engaged in an election campaign against Donald Trump before handing over to Kamala Harris in July
55:572024.
55:59He had also been negotiating a normalization agreement with Saudi Arabia for many months.
56:04Benjamin Netanyahu's reluctance to negotiate an end to the war and to put an end to the unrestrained violence of
56:11Smotrich's and Ben-Gavir's supporters was tampering with Biden's plans.
56:30Benjamin Netanyahu's reluctance to negotiate an end to the war and to the war and to the war and to
56:38the war and to the war and to the war and to the war and to the war.
56:45Benjamin Netanyahu's reluctance to negotiate an end to the war and to the war and to the war and to
56:51the war and to the war and to the war and to the war and to the war.
56:56Benjamin Netanyahu's reluctance to Ben-Gavir and Smotrich's defense.
57:27Benjamin Netanyahu a seidak toutoga.
57:42Benjamin Netanyahu says this is an aama.
57:44Despite the war, despite the fear, Israeli progressives have returned to the streets
57:49to oppose the government and demand a post-war strategy,
57:52the release of the hostages and the resignation of the Prime Minister.
57:58Yet, few believe that this war has gone too far.
58:02Will they go so far as to call for an end to the occupation
58:05and a fair peace agreement with the Palestinians?
58:08The only certainty for progressives is that the two evil geniuses
58:12of the Israeli radical right and their supporters
58:14will do everything in their power to oppose it.
59:10Transcription by ESO. Translation by —
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