- 2 giorni fa
La storia di Yvan Sagnet, una di quelle storie che accadono vicino a noi e che invece sembrano appartenere ad un altro mondo. Yvan è un giovane di ventisei anni ed è arrivato dal Camerun in Italia nel 2007 per iscriversi a ingegneria al Politecnico di Torino. Ha scelto il nostro Paese perché si è innamorato dell’Italia festosa che ha visto partecipare a quei mondiali di calcio del ’90 dove gioca anche la squadra nazionale del Camerun.
2015.07.25 - La Tredicesima Ora |05| Yvan Sagnet | Carlo Lucarelli [HQ RaiPlay]- Le scelte che hanno cambiato la vita del 25_07_2015
2015.07.25 - La Tredicesima Ora |05| Yvan Sagnet | Carlo Lucarelli [HQ RaiPlay]- Le scelte che hanno cambiato la vita del 25_07_2015
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00:10There are stories that surprise us even if they shouldn't, because we should already know them,
00:15they have already told us about them, we have already seen them, even up close, maybe right from the
00:19window of the house, and yet they seem so unimaginable, so incredible, that they seem to belong
00:24to another world. So we forget about it and this gives us the alibi to say that certain
00:30things here with us, in this part of the world so ancient, so evolved, in Europe, in Italy,
00:35with our spirit, our tradition and our culture, certain things don't happen,
00:40They can't happen. This is just one of those stories and it's happening right here.
00:45we, with all our spirit, our tradition and our culture.
00:49If someone asks me if I'll do it again, I'll work to do it again.
01:45Dawn hasn't been long, but it's already hot. That warm day.
01:49mid-summer that in a few hours will become unbearable, so in the open countryside,
01:53no shelter, just rows of tomato plants that seem to stretch on forever.
02:01His name is Ivan, he is a 26 year old young man from Cameroon and at the moment he
02:06our story begins, he is still, motionless, almost crushed by the screams of a man with
02:11the imposing physique, a Sudanese, who shouts violently in his face. His mouth wide open,
02:17the ropes of his neck stretched like cables, his fists closed in front of Ivan's face, still, immobile,
02:23a frail and defenseless young man in the face of that fury.
02:27Further away, watching with great interest, is a man in a suit and tie, an Italian,
02:33who is with two other men who almost seem like his bodyguards.
02:43Behind Ivan, however, there are other men like him, dirty, hot, their hands
02:49clad in work gloves, their clothes so caked with tomato juice they looked
02:54bloodied. They are all Africans like him, from Sudan, Burkina Faso, Ghana.
03:00The two Ghanaians are the closest, their arms shining with sweat, crossed over their chests. They look at him,
03:06Everyone looks at him, the Africans, the Italians, the huge Sudanese man who screams in his face.
03:12Ivan stands still and suffers that storm of violence that charges the air like a thunderstorm and then he does
03:17one thing, he says one word, he says no. It was inhumane to work like that. Here, July 31, 2011,
03:267 a.m. This is our thirteenth hour, the hour when everything changes, the hour of
03:31The straw that broke the camel's back. Let's go back and see why.
03:40It's as if for those people it was normal or nothing could be done, there was resignation.
03:53Because that, people's resignation, they say the system is like that, so it becomes a normal thing.
04:14Perhaps Ivan is thinking about this as he is crossing the farmhouse to return to the veranda under the
04:19which sleeps. Think how easy it is to get used to even the most extreme situations, to the most extreme work.
04:24massacring, the one that breaks your bones making you arrive at the evening as if you had been beaten,
04:29but above all to living conditions so degrading as to transform an old Apulian farmhouse
04:35in a circle of hell.
04:52Because the Boncuri farmhouse, located in the countryside of Nardò in the province of Lecce, is a building
04:57two-story building with two small side wings that stands at the end of a dirt road between
05:02the sun-scorched brushwood. And at first glance it might just look like an old building.
05:07in the countryside, which would only need a nice coat of new plaster.
05:17And instead it hides behind a sort of open-air landfill, on which a shanty town stands
05:22of old Canadian tents and shacks made of wood, sheet metal and cardboard.
05:35This is where seasonal workers are forced to live from mid-June to the end of
05:40in August they arrive in the fields of Nardò for the harvest of watermelons and tomatoes.
05:45More than 500 workers who come from Africa and who are concentrated in that corner of Puglia,
05:50in the heart of Italy, in conditions that they have never known in Africa, however poor.
06:03Sudanese, Ghanaians, Senegalese, from Cameron that year only one, Ivani, and then Egyptians,
06:09Tunisians, Moroccans.
06:15They live among garbage, sleep on old mattresses or on the ground, sometimes in the open,
06:20and they share five toilets with showers without hot water.
06:27Only one doctor visits in the clinic located in one of the wings of the farmhouse,
06:32from 4pm to 9pm.
06:34It was one of the moments when workers, let's say, could talk, trust each other
06:44who could understand them deeply.
06:50And the doctor was like a kind of psychologist, let's say, for the workers.
06:57And then there are the volunteers from associations like Finisterre and the BSA, Active Solidarity Brigades.
07:04Who offer assistance and bring water and food,
07:07as one would do in a refugee camp in Lebanon or Syria.
07:10But here we are not in a refugee camp.
07:13We are not in a country devastated by war or a natural disaster.
07:18We are in Puglia, in the heart of Italy, and there are no anti-personnel mines or snipers stationed on the roofs,
07:23but only watermelons and tomatoes and people who are there to pick them.
07:27Something doesn't add up.
07:34Also because Ivan and his companions from the Boncuri farm are not the only ones living in those conditions.
07:41They are called ghettos and they are improvised settlements that arise in southern Italy,
07:46where fruit and vegetable cultivation is concentrated
07:49and which require manpower throughout the year, especially for harvesting.
08:01They are old abandoned farmhouses, disused factory warehouses or buildings of various kinds,
08:07makeshift shantytowns that spring up around the blue tents bearing the civil protection logo
08:12official labor camps, which must contain 100, 200 people
08:16and instead they end up concentrating more than a thousand of them.
08:29Places like the ghetto of Rignano Garganico, a few kilometers from Foggia,
08:34a no-man's land inhabited by the army of laborers who work for the tomato industry.
08:39Rotten beams and old window frames nailed together, cardboard walls and a dirt floor.
08:44Inside, old mattresses and some blankets.
08:47There is no electricity or water, no sewage system, no services.
09:00In the summer the ghetto fills up.
09:02Migrants from all over Italy flock to the Apulian plateau in search of work.
09:07and the shantytown comes to host more than 800 people.
09:11It's easy to get used to, no, that's not the right word.
09:14It's easy to get used to, you know, like a drug, under certain conditions,
09:19when you are stunned by a backbreaking job and there seems to be no way out.
09:23Conditions that are not accepted, but endured.
09:39Think about this, Ivan, as he passes through the shanty town of the Boncuri farmhouse
09:43to reach the mattress he had laid out on the dirty concrete of the veranda of the health facility,
09:48among the flies and mosquitoes.
10:03Someone might even tell him that he and the other guests of the farmhouse are lucky.
10:08Without her, with her shanty town, however infamous,
10:11They should probably sleep outside, sheltered by the vines.
10:27It took him an hour, stuck in line in front of the only five showers on the farm.
10:31that must serve more than 500 people.
10:34Five metal beaks protruding from a long, damp wall.
10:46It took him an hour, but he finally managed to wash us under a thin stream of cold water,
10:51just five minutes, because after a while of that life you learn to become deaf
10:55to the protests of those behind you who would like you to leave.
10:58But Ivan, deaf as he is, has never been deaf enough.
11:02He even managed to wash off that blood-colored tomato cake on his clothes,
11:07by immersing them in a tin can cut in half.
11:14Picking tomatoes is not as easy a job as it seems.
11:17There are long rows of tomato plants,
11:20which extend for about a kilometer and each worker has three of them in front.
11:24At the beginning of the field there are large plastic bins used for collection.
11:28You have to pick them up and carry them to the row and they are heavy, about 50 kilos.
11:33Ivan is not as strong as his other companions, so he usually has to drag them along.
11:38Each crate contains 400 kilos of tomatoes.
11:42The workers uproot the seedlings, shake them inside the crate to make the tomatoes fall out
11:46and then, when one container is finally full, they move on to another and so on.
11:51Finally a truck arrives to load the boxes.
11:59We start at 4am to take advantage of the cooler air,
12:02because the sun starts to beat down immediately and the temperatures quickly reach 40 degrees.
12:07It finishes around 4pm and sometimes,
12:10when the collection trucks manage to make more rounds,
12:13you can even arrive until 7pm.
12:19In short, 12 to 15 hours of work at 40 degrees is fine.
12:25But there is a problem, or rather, there are many.
12:27Work is not paid by the hour, but by the piece, that is, by the crate.
12:31While I was at the first box, which I filled after almost two hours,
12:41my neighbor there already had 5 bins, because he had been doing this work there for almost 20 years.
12:52So I work on a piecework basis, paid by the crate.
12:54Now, another problem is how much a box is paid.
12:58And the corporal paid 3.50 euros for a container.
13:053.50 euros, 400 kg of tomatoes at 40 degrees for 12-15 hours a day.
13:13This means that the best ones, who collect an average of 10 boxes,
13:17they earn about 35 euros a day, day like this.
13:21While people like Ivan are between 21 and 25.
13:24But there is another problem, yet another.
13:27There are expenses.
13:28For someone who earns, who can fill 10 boxes,
13:36for 3.50 euros he earns 35 euros.
13:40Where you have to already download the 5 euros for transport,
13:46who go for the corporal.
13:48Then 3.50 euros for the sandwich, which goes towards the corporal.
13:52Then 1.50 euros for water, which goes to the corporal.
13:555 euros for van transportation from the farm to the field and back.
14:00It is forbidden to take other means of transport which do not exist anyway.
14:033.50 euros for the lunch break sandwich,
14:06plus 1.50 euros for a small bottle of water.
14:08It is forbidden to bring food and drinks with you.
14:11This every day.
14:13The gloves.
14:17One could do three days with gloves,
14:20because the gloves were not work tools.
14:26Then there is 1.50 euros for the gloves,
14:29which last a maximum of three days because then they break.
14:315 euros for the mattress, dinner, the evening, the camp.
14:34And then there are the unexpected.
14:37We work at 40 degrees,
14:40Why tomato harvest in Puglia?
14:44it's summer, around July-August.
14:52And many get sick inside the camp.
14:59There are those who have problems with dehydration.
15:0212 hours under the sun.
15:03Someone feels ill and falls to the ground.
15:0620 euros to be taken to the hospital.
15:18Before lying down on the mattress under the veranda of the garrison,
15:21with sore arms, legs and back,
15:24burned by the blazing sun of Puglia for 21 euros a day,
15:27minus 10 of fixed costs, it's 11,
15:29Ivan ate in one of the camp's restaurants,
15:32which are called restaurants, but they aren't really like that.
15:35They are shacks made of wood, sheet metal and cardboard,
15:37who make African dishes,
15:39which are usually divided into several people,
15:41because one alone costs too much, 3.50 euros.
15:45You have to be careful with money,
15:46because so much of it is spent at the Boncuri farmhouse.
15:49It's a work camp,
15:50but for what is spent on daily needs
15:53it looks worse than a holiday village.
15:55But be careful, work field,
15:57seasonal workers,
15:58Maybe we're not using the right words.
16:09Because in addition to the backbreaking work,
16:11at ridiculous pay
16:12and the appalling living conditions,
16:14There is another problem in this story
16:16and, if possible, even bigger.
16:19There are the foremen.
16:33The first one, Ivan meets him on the third day
16:35who arrived at the camp.
16:36A huge Sudanese,
16:38with a shaved head and a big belly,
16:40which arrives in the farmhouse square
16:41with a broken-down car
16:42that raises clouds of dust on the beaten earth.
16:56As soon as he gets out of the car,
16:58all the farm workers who are in the surrounding area
17:00they run towards him,
17:01as if they had received an order,
17:03Ivan too,
17:04and they hand him the documents,
17:05the residence permit,
17:07the identity card,
17:08the tax code,
17:09original documents
17:10that the Sudanese takes away.
17:12Who is that man?
17:13And why do they all run to obey him?
17:15without even needing to speak?
17:17He's a corporal.
17:19Some were sleeping inside that farmhouse
17:23with the laborers,
17:24some occupied the farmhouses
17:27around the Boncuri farmhouse
17:28and some slept in hotels
17:31in the city center in Ardò.
17:35And then there were the under-corporals
17:37who almost all lived inside the farmhouse,
17:43who ran the so-called restaurants,
17:47because all the restaurants that were there
17:50they were controlled by the foremen.
17:53Once a corporal
17:54he was just the one who procured
17:56underpaid labor
17:57for seasonal agricultural work,
17:59because that was the field of action of the gangmaster system.
18:02Now,
18:03according to such a recent law
18:05that in the times of our history,
18:06as we will see,
18:07it wasn't there yet,
18:08a corporal
18:09is anyone who carries out
18:10an organized intermediation activity,
18:13recruiting manpower
18:14or by organizing their work activity
18:16characterized by exploitation,
18:18through violence,
18:20threat or intimidation,
18:21taking advantage of the state of need
18:24or the worker's needs.
18:35Be careful with your words,
18:36because they are important.
18:38Exploitation,
18:39violence,
18:40state of need
18:40these are big words,
18:42bad words.
18:44Organized hierarchically,
18:45with a chief of chiefs on top,
18:47then real corporals
18:48and then under corporals,
18:50the foremen of the Boncuri farm
18:51they are feared and powerful,
18:53because practically
18:54everything passes through them.
19:04They are the ones who recruit the laborers
19:06and who decide
19:07who will be part of the teams
19:08who will go to work,
19:10in which field
19:10and in front of which row of tomatoes.
19:13They are the ones who decide
19:14if and when you take a lunch break
19:16and when to return to the farmhouse
19:18at the end of the working day.
19:20They are the ones who determine
19:22and manage
19:22the entire economy of the field,
19:24they take the laborers to work,
19:2625 in a van
19:27which would count 10,
19:285 euros per person.
19:30They sell him the sandwich
19:31and the little bottle of water,
19:33another 5 euros.
19:34They run the camp restaurants,
19:36they sell the necessities,
19:37they take them to the hospital
19:38who feels bad,
19:3920 euros
19:40and they cash in.
19:53The corporals are holding
19:54the documents
19:55of irregular workers
19:56that they can no longer do so
19:57move freely
19:58and with those
19:59they let in
20:00other laborers
20:01that they don't have the documents.
20:03The corporals
20:03they are always nervous,
20:05always angry.
20:06You have to ask him
20:07the permission
20:07for whatever
20:08and you have to be careful,
20:09answer him in kind,
20:11work quickly
20:11and don't get into trouble,
20:12otherwise
20:13the foremen chase you away.
20:15The corporals
20:15they act as intermediaries
20:16among employers
20:18and the laborers
20:19that they sign for him
20:20a sheet of paper
20:20with their name on it
20:21that then the corporals
20:22they are held
20:23and that's it.
20:28And not only that,
20:29the foremen beat
20:30and they take roll call
20:31everyday
20:32on the farms
20:33before starting work
20:34and after finishing it.
20:40Here you are,
20:41begins to take
20:42another aspect
20:43this story.
20:44Our farmhouse
20:45and not only that
20:46but also the other ghettos
20:47it's starting to look like
20:48more and more
20:49to a concentration camp
20:50and the workers too
20:52foreign seasonal workers
20:53without a contract,
20:54without guarantees,
20:55exploited,
20:56forced to live
20:57in those conditions
20:58even with violence
20:59they are starting to look like
21:00one more thing,
21:02they are starting to look like
21:02of the slaves.
21:17Bringing Ivan to Italy
21:19it had been football.
21:20He was five years old
21:21when he accompanied
21:22around the country
21:23the policeman father
21:24and listening
21:25on the car radio
21:26the matches
21:27of the soccer world cup
21:27of 90
21:28he had fallen in love
21:29of Italy
21:30before the national team
21:31and then of the country
21:32that for him
21:33it was Baggio's
21:34that marks
21:34and by Gianna Nannini
21:35who sings
21:36Magical Nights
21:37a country
21:37always festive
21:38enthusiastic
21:39heroic
21:40full of life.
21:54But to come
21:55to study in Italy
21:56are needed
21:56financial guarantees
21:57it takes
21:584,500 euros
22:00that for a salary
22:01Cameron Middle East
22:02that's a lot of money.
22:03your
22:04they can put them together
22:05thanks too
22:06to a collection
22:07between family members
22:07they do the documents
22:09and so
22:09in September 2007
22:11Ivan can come to Italy
22:12with a student visa
22:14and a scholarship.
22:19It's going very well
22:20in scientific subjects
22:22Therefore
22:22engineering
22:23at the Polytechnic
22:24in Turin.
22:25I had chosen
22:27I had chosen
22:27Turin
22:29Why
22:31simply
22:32because I was
22:33fan
22:34of Juve.
22:35Ivan is calm
22:36lodge
22:37to the student house
22:38university
22:39study
22:39he has some problems
22:40with the climate
22:41a little too cold
22:42as he was used to
22:43in Africa
22:44at the start
22:45he has some difficulties
22:46to settle in
22:47in that city
22:48so different
22:49in that way
22:50to live
22:50and to be together
22:51so far away
22:52from Duala
22:52from Cameroon
22:53from Africa
22:54but then
22:54he orients himself
22:55in the university environment
22:56and it integrates very well.
22:58As a good
23:00like a good African
23:01as a good person
23:02from the south
23:04I decided
23:05Of
23:07to resist
23:08to continue
23:09Of
23:10to face
23:11the difficulties
23:14and little by little
23:15I integrated.
23:17Everything OK
23:17for three years
23:18Then
23:19stay behind
23:20of a couple of exams
23:21and so
23:21loses his scholarship
23:23and its place
23:24at the student house.
23:31Ivan is a tenacious boy
23:32for which he puts effort
23:34and find a series of jobs
23:35that can make him earn money
23:36Enough
23:37to be maintained
23:38pay university fees
23:39and renting a room
23:40as he had already done
23:42even before losing
23:43the scholarship
23:44above all
23:44to send
23:45some money at home.
23:47Cashiers
23:47in a supermarket in Milan
23:49back and forth
23:50between the two cities
23:50but it doesn't matter
23:51animator
23:52in a summer camp
23:53in Rimini
23:53Stuart too
23:54at the Olympic Stadium
23:55of Turin
23:56with hope
23:57to see each other for free
23:58the matches
23:58instead no
23:59why the Stuarts
24:00they turn their backs
24:01to the field
24:01and they only stare
24:02the fans.
24:03Then comes the crisis
24:05for everyone
24:06also for Ivan
24:06that fails
24:07to find nothing more
24:08and in the meantime
24:09summer has arrived
24:10of 2011
24:11in a little while
24:11we have to go back
24:12at university
24:13pay the rent
24:14pay taxes
24:15how is it done?
24:16there is a friend
24:17by Ivan
24:17another student
24:18African
24:19which is in Pavia
24:19what he tells him
24:20one thing
24:20he tells him
24:21why don't you go down
24:22in Puglia
24:23in Nardò
24:24to pick tomatoes
24:25and paradoxically
24:27Nobody
24:27he didn't tell me
24:28what awaited me
24:31it's as if
24:34for those people
24:38it was normal
24:39or nothing could be done
24:41there was resignation
24:43and so Ivan
24:44departed from Cameroon
24:46to go to study
24:47in Italy
24:47by Roberto Baggio
24:48and by Gianna Nannini
24:49our Italy
24:51festive
24:51heroic
24:52enthusiastic
24:52full of life
24:53and it doesn't matter
24:54if it's not exactly like that
24:55that's what we like
24:56instead he finds himself
24:57in hell
24:58of the slaves
24:58and the corporals
25:04and in Italy
25:06people like Ivan
25:06the slaves
25:07in the hands of the foremen
25:08there are many
25:11Africans
25:11Romanians
25:12Poles
25:12Moldovans
25:13Albanians
25:13Indians
25:14Italians too
25:15after the worsening
25:16of the crisis
25:17busy
25:18in a transhumance
25:19that in winter
25:19takes them to Calabria
25:20to pick oranges
25:21in Rosarno
25:22or in Sicily
25:23to pick tomatoes
25:24like a package
25:25and potatoes in cassibile
25:26then further up
25:27in the Caserta area
25:27in Castel Volturno
25:28to pick tomatoes
25:30strawberries
25:30and seasonal fruit
25:33and when summer comes
25:35back in Puglia
25:35to pick watermelons
25:37onions
25:37and tomatoes
25:43to work 12 hours a day
25:45in the shipyards of the north
25:46and maybe fly down
25:47from the scaffolding
25:47at 3 euros and 50
25:48without a contract
25:49and quiet
25:50otherwise there's trouble
25:51or to slaughter beasts
25:52in Emilia Romagna
25:53or to unload crates
25:54at the fruit and vegetable market
25:56of Milan
25:59and after paying
26:00and so much
26:01to come here
26:02those who did not remain
26:03under the Mediterranean
26:04or under the sands
26:05of North Africa
26:06in this strange paradox
26:08of the contemporary world
26:09for which
26:09you don't pay anymore
26:10to have a slave
26:11but it's him
26:12who pays you
26:12to be exploited
26:14In short
26:15people like Ivana
26:16and his companions
26:16that at this moment
26:17of our history
26:18they sleep on old mattresses
26:20of the Boncuri farmhouse
26:20throughout Italy
26:22there are many
26:23there are 400,000
26:24400,000
26:26there are many
26:51Ivan has been sleeping for a while
26:52destroyed
26:53from that backbreaking work
26:54he sleeps where
26:55it was indicated to him
26:56from a corporal
26:56on a mattress
26:57sold by a corporal
26:58and the next morning
26:59he will wake up
27:00to go to work
27:01carried by a corporal
27:02for a pay
27:03more or less
27:04expenses removed
27:0510 euros per day
27:12he's sound asleep
27:13in a sleep
27:13that does not rest
27:14the sleep of fatigue
27:15but not that one
27:16of the worker
27:17that of the slave
27:25he sleeps
27:26and he doesn't imagine
27:27that are missing
27:27eight hours
27:28at the time when
27:29that huge Sudanese
27:30he will scream in his face
27:31at seven the next morning
27:32our
27:33thirteenth hour
27:34the time
27:35where everything changes
27:45stiffened
27:46on the field
27:46in front of the rows
27:47with his corporal
27:48that screams at him
27:49swollen with hatred
27:50under the eyes
27:51of his companions
27:52of the Ghanaians
27:53with arms crossed
27:54and of the Italians
27:55the man in the suit and tie
27:56who looks at him
27:57he studies it
27:57from afar
27:59that word
28:00No
28:01it bounces around inside his head
28:03like a tennis ball
28:04beaten on one side
28:05from anger
28:06but on the other
28:07and equally strong
28:08from fear
28:15they are scary
28:16the corporals
28:17above all
28:18certain corporals
28:19because it comes naturally
28:20think about something
28:21that it is not easy
28:22manage a business
28:23how it's treated
28:24of the slaves
28:25especially in certain areas
28:26in certain sectors
28:27like construction
28:28or agriculture
28:29without crime
28:30organized
28:31somehow
28:32directly
28:32or indirectly
28:33you're onto something
28:34This takes courage
28:36to stand in front of it
28:37to that huge Sudanese
28:38that screams
28:39and threatens
28:39but it's not the time yet
28:41there are still three hours left
28:42at our turning point
28:44that
28:44that changes everything
28:58the alarm clock
28:59arrive soon
28:59at the Boncuri farmhouse
29:00when Ivan
29:02he settled down
29:02under the veranda
29:03of the medical facility
29:04he thought he had found
29:05a good place
29:06because the sun
29:07at the height of summer
29:07arrives a little later
29:08than on Canadian tents
29:10in the middle of the farmyard
29:11but in the end
29:11it's the same
29:12why do we have to get up
29:14long before dawn
29:15to go to work
29:26at 4 in the morning
29:27a van passes by
29:28to load
29:29Ivan's team
29:30the corporal checks
29:32that they don't have
29:33nothing to drink
29:33and to eat
29:34why do they have to buy it
29:35from him
29:35on the fields
29:36and makes them go up
29:37there would be 10 of them
29:38but the seats are removed
29:39and so crowded together
29:40one on top of the other
29:41there are 25 of them
29:515 euros each
29:52for the trip
29:52and then 7 kilometers
29:54towards Gallipoli
29:55where they are located
29:56the fields
29:56for the collection
29:57everyone down there
29:58the corporal
29:59he takes the roll
30:00and then everyone to work
30:02in front of rows
30:03that seem to run
30:04to infinity
30:05I felt my back
30:07why did I have to repeat
30:09the same movement
30:10that is, take the seedling
30:12the seedlings
30:13shake inside the box
30:15that is, repeat
30:17the same movement
30:18and quickly
30:19because he pays for it
30:20it was proposed
30:22to the box number
30:23that one could fill
30:27Therefore
30:29if I went slowly
30:31I wasn't earning anything
30:33I have to be quick
30:35and the faster you are
30:36the more his back hurts
30:37his knees hurt
30:39his hands hurt
30:42that morning though
30:43there's something different
30:45the corporal is more nervous
30:46more evil
30:47he goes back and forth
30:48long rows
30:48and he always screams
30:49and in fact
30:50something different
30:52there is
30:56there is a man
30:57a gentleman in a jacket and tie
30:58who came to see
30:59he is an Italian
31:00the master of the field
31:02Ivan and the others
31:03they had never seen it before
31:04they only see the foremen
31:06never the Italians
31:07who own the fields
31:08that's why the corporal is nervous
31:10he doesn't want to make a bad impression
31:11with the master
31:12but there's something else too
31:14something new
31:15the man in the suit and tie
31:17he saw
31:17that the tomatoes in that row
31:19they are more beautiful than the others
31:20redder and rounder
31:21and so instead of all ending up together
31:23to make passes and concentrates
31:25they will have to be put aside
31:27to then be sold
31:28like salad tomatoes
31:30that's what the corporal calls
31:32and tells him
31:32and then the corporal
31:34gathers his team
31:35and gives new orders
31:36he asked us
31:37to pick the tomato
31:41but one by one
31:43so it was
31:44you have to collect it delicately
31:47and this
31:50type of work
31:51it's very tiring
31:52it's doubly challenging
31:55take the tomato
31:56one by one
31:57and put it there
31:58to fill a box
32:00it takes at least two hours
32:03with those margins
32:04with that pay
32:05and with those expenses
32:06work that way
32:07it means not earning anything
32:08On the contrary
32:09to lose out
32:10pay to work
32:11and work that way
32:12at 40 degrees
32:13and then give everything to them
32:15it doesn't exist
32:16and so we asked
32:18to the corporal
32:19that to do this job
32:22to double the pay
32:25and the corporal refused
32:28he threatened us right away
32:31collect, collect
32:33we didn't say no
32:34and so they are the Ghanaians
32:36the most rebellious
32:38what they said
32:40that if the corporal
32:42he doesn't want to pay
32:43and at that price
32:45they will continue
32:47to collect them
32:49how they did it
32:51Usually
32:53and the corporal
32:55he got angry
32:57he said
32:58to those two
32:58to leave work
33:02and I got closer
33:04and I said
33:04to the corporal
33:06if they leave their jobs
33:08all of us
33:09we don't work
33:16Here you are
33:16the time has come
33:17our
33:18thirteenth hour
33:19that
33:20where everything changes
33:26Ivan
33:27it's stopped
33:28in front of the corporal
33:28that screams at him
33:29to go back to work
33:30behind him
33:31there are the two Ghanaians
33:32that have been
33:33the first
33:33to cross one's arms
33:34and then
33:35the others too
33:35who are waiting
33:36distant
33:37there is the master
33:38who waits
33:44Ivan resists
33:46to that storm
33:47of threats
33:48and insults
33:48suspended between anger
33:50and fear
33:50and then he says
33:51No
33:51No
33:53under those conditions
33:54They
33:55to work
33:55they don't come back
33:56No
33:57and so
33:58to the corporal
33:59there is nothing else left
34:00that load the team
34:01on the van
34:02and bring her back to the camp
34:03at the farm
34:04that morning
34:05there are a hundred
34:06of laborers
34:06that they failed
34:07to find work
34:08and what they see
34:09come back Ivan
34:10and the others
34:11strangely so early
34:12what happened?
34:13Ivan tells him about it
34:14and so the news
34:15it's starting to spread
34:16I had the idea
34:18Of
34:20to block
34:22the highway
34:24because there was
34:25a rage inside
34:29I asked
34:31to a few comrades
34:33that we go
34:34to block
34:34the highway
34:36block
34:36a highway
34:37from the south
34:37in the middle of August
34:38in period
34:39of holidays
34:40it's a problem
34:40and in fact
34:41about twenty
34:42minutes later
34:43here they come
34:44the police
34:45Ivan and his
34:46remove the block
34:47but in the meantime
34:47the news
34:48it has spread
34:49the unions are coming
34:50the authorities are arriving
34:51and hand by hand
34:52that arrive
34:53the laborers
34:53from work
34:54this thing
34:55to cross one's arms
34:56it spreads
34:56more and more
34:57what we ask
34:58it's respect
35:00in our rights
35:02that we wanted to be respected
35:05like all workers
35:06we did
35:07our
35:08our first meeting
35:11where I had the megaphone
35:13I gathered my comrades
35:15I told him
35:17I did
35:18my first speech
35:20I remember
35:20on perseverance
35:22and this was
35:24a source of motivation
35:26told to his companions
35:28that the next day
35:31as long as
35:32the corporals
35:33they will not respect
35:34our rights
35:36we don't go to work
35:37and we invite everyone
35:39not to go tomorrow
35:41to work
35:43peacefully
35:46we will fight
35:47until the end
35:48to Ivan
35:49they are added
35:50other organizers
35:51François
35:52who comes from Togo
35:53Ikem
35:53which comes from Tunisia
35:54it forms
35:55a delegation
35:56composed of representatives
35:58of every community
35:59present in the field
36:00the morning after
36:01at 2
36:02before the corporals
36:03they pass by with the vans
36:04to load the workers
36:05to take them to the fields
36:07Ivan and the others
36:08they get up
36:09and they go
36:09to preside
36:10the 5 access points
36:12at the farm
36:12blocking them
36:13with some stones
36:14the corporals
36:15they arrive
36:16they scream
36:16they insult
36:17they threaten
36:18they beat
36:18but they resist
36:20and for that day
36:21from the farmhouse
36:22Boncuri
36:22no one comes out
36:23Nobody
36:24he goes to collect
36:25the tomatoes
36:26we did
36:29one of the
36:30the first
36:31strike
36:32of the workers
36:33foreigners
36:33and get together
36:35Despite
36:36the differences
36:39cultural
36:40Despite
36:41Also
36:42the approach
36:42of life
36:43Why
36:45there were
36:46those
36:47That
36:47for them
36:48the underwage
36:52work
36:52under these conditions
36:54they were already used to it
36:55he didn't tell him
36:56nothing more
36:59and then
37:00put
37:01those people
37:02Together
37:03for a
37:04unique
37:05objective
37:06for us
37:07was
37:07something of
37:08extraordinary
37:09they ask
37:10a few things
37:11the enhancement
37:12of the medical facility
37:13a point
37:14of meeting
37:14in the farmhouse
37:15between employers
37:16of work
37:16and workers
37:17so as to
37:18jump
37:18the intermediation
37:19of the corporals
37:20better conditions
37:21of work
37:22and of life
37:22but above all
37:23they ask
37:24respect
37:24of the contracts
37:25of work
37:26which is one thing
37:26that shouldn't
37:27not even be
37:28requested
37:28why should it
37:29already be there
37:30in a country
37:30civilian as
37:31Italy
37:31for everyone
37:32also for the
37:33workers
37:33foreigners
37:34of the ghettos
37:34and it doesn't
37:35they stop there
37:36they also ask
37:37a law
37:38against gangmastering
37:39which until that moment
37:40it doesn't exist yet
37:41the strike
37:43of the workers
37:43of the farmhouse
37:44Boncuri
37:44it lasts a couple
37:45of weeks
37:46until mid-August
37:47it's not a thing
37:48simple
37:49there are pressures
37:50of the corporals
37:51that threaten
37:52and they beat
37:53and they try to break
37:54the front
37:54of the strikers
37:55recruiting them
37:56one by one
37:57outside the farmhouse
37:58because hunger
37:59for those who eat
38:00of what he earns
38:01everyday
38:01it makes itself heard
38:02and the food
38:04collected with collections
38:05and the aids
38:06of the volunteers
38:06of the associations
38:07it's not enough for everyone
38:08a hunger problem
38:13Why
38:15since they didn't work
38:16so no
38:18they didn't eat
38:19they could no longer eat
38:23and so it was a big problem
38:25to be solved
38:26and then
38:27there's something else too
38:28There are
38:29the disappointments
38:30because the workers
38:31of the farmhouse
38:31Boncuri
38:32they manage to get
38:33a series of meetings
38:34with the institutions
38:35with the prefect
38:36with the associations
38:37of category
38:37also followed by the press
38:39but things
38:40they don't go as expected
38:41when we went
38:42there in the prefecture
38:44they were moments
38:45even of joy
38:46because I remember
38:47that the companions
38:48inside the bus
38:49they were singing
38:51African rights
38:53Of
38:54Of
38:55Of
38:55Of
38:56joy
38:57that we go
38:58to
39:00take
39:01to get something
39:02of great
39:03rights
39:03etc.
39:04etc.
39:04it was all in dialect
39:05Africa
39:06Of
39:06Of
39:06Of
39:07Of
39:07that part
39:07there
39:09but it was a
39:10disillusionment
39:11it was my first time
39:13to do
39:14an institutional meeting
39:16we want
39:17the contracts
39:18And
39:18we want
39:20be in touch
39:22direct
39:22with businesses
39:23how is it done?
39:24in all
39:25the others
39:26part
39:27we want
39:28that this
39:29question
39:29of gangmastering
39:30does not exist
39:31more
39:32what is his name
39:33This
39:33this is the
39:34slavery
39:35this is
39:35result
39:36us
39:37that day
39:38we thought
39:39That
39:39When
39:40we will arrive
39:41we will arrive
39:42at the table
39:42we will place
39:44our
39:45needs
39:46and everything
39:47there will be
39:49agreed
39:50but
39:51we understood
39:52That
39:52it's not like that
39:55On the contrary
39:56he went
39:57worse
39:58Why
39:59the representatives
40:01of the associations
40:04employers
40:05they denied
40:05the existence
40:06of the gangmaster system
40:07there is a hypocrisy
40:08total
40:09there was
40:10a hypocrisy
40:10total
40:11in that
40:11room there
40:12it takes us
40:13the people
40:14in the firing range
40:14Therefore
40:15we're not coming back
40:15to stay
40:16here
40:16until the end
40:18and so
40:19the workers
40:20they get discouraged
40:21and they begin
40:21to think
40:22that much
40:22it doesn't change
40:23Nothing
40:23and that yes
40:24they believe
40:24to be
40:25They
40:25to defeat
40:26a system
40:26that lasts
40:27for years
40:27and what will be
40:27always like this
40:28and that was happening
40:29Better
40:29when it was
40:30worse
40:30because at least
40:31some money
40:32he was turning
40:37and they take it
40:38with Ivan
40:39the main one
40:40spokesman
40:40of the strike
40:41they are starting to circulate
40:42of the voices
40:43that Ivan
40:44take advantage
40:44of the situation
40:45who takes the money
40:46from journalists
40:47for interviews
40:48it's the only one
40:48who benefits from it
40:49and in fact
40:50he went to sleep
40:51inside the farmhouse
40:52not like us
40:53let's keep staying
40:54in the tents
40:54or under the verandas
41:01It is true
41:02Ivan
41:02he went to sleep
41:03in the central body
41:04of the farmhouse
41:05where are the offices
41:06but it's only because
41:07it is the most exposed
41:08of all
41:08and out
41:09it's no longer safe
41:10he was attacked
41:11they threatened him
41:12they beat him
41:13it has arrived
41:14even the brother
41:15of the boss of bosses
41:15to tell him
41:16who must die
41:16but it doesn't matter
41:18the voices
41:18about Ivan
41:19continue to spread
41:21for the field
41:21carry on
41:22even from friends
41:23of the corporals
41:24and they become
41:25increasingly heavier
41:26that famous evening
41:27they were around
41:29at 8-9
41:31there were many
41:33the whole field
41:34almost everything
41:34the field
41:35it was around me
41:37I stayed
41:39in
41:40a room
41:41inside the office
41:43locked
41:44and they wanted
41:47break
41:47the door
41:49to enter
41:50to take me
41:51to give the money
41:52the associations
41:53that they were
41:53they called them
41:54the police
41:55who came
41:57with the car
41:58they took me
42:00but they were shouting
42:02thief
42:02thief
42:03thief
42:05and then the next day
42:06I'm back
42:07in Turin
42:22in Turin
42:22Ivan
42:23he locks himself in the house
42:24unplug the phone
42:25and he doesn't want to see
42:26or hear anyone
42:27he is shocked
42:28from what happened
42:29he is depressed
42:30and tormented
42:30from feelings of guilt
42:31you want to see
42:32that's my fault
42:33I ruined everything
42:34I made you lose
42:35the pay
42:35to those poor wretches
42:36who have not worked
42:37for two weeks
42:38who he thought he was
42:39Ivan
42:40nothing will change anyway
42:41how do you destroy
42:42a system
42:43that has been going on for years
42:44and that it will always be like this
42:45Then
42:46something happens
42:53when Ivan turns the phone back on
42:55find a lot of calls
42:57journalists
42:58companions of the farm
42:59and one
42:59in particular
43:00one of the organizers
43:02of the strike
43:02which had become
43:03one of his main accusers
43:05Ivan answers
43:07and that
43:07he apologizes to him
43:08also on behalf of the comrades
43:09he tells him he understands
43:11who understood
43:12and that he must return immediately
43:13at the farm
43:13because in the meantime
43:15something happened
43:16the people
43:17so many people
43:17she noticed them
43:18they have everyone's eyes
43:20pointed at you
43:21and they have to move on
43:22they can't stop
43:23and after a week
43:25I'm back
43:28and we have
43:30continued the thing
43:33until September
43:35until the end
43:36of the season
43:36how does this story end?
43:38it ends well
43:39or does it end badly?
43:40because in the end
43:41some results arrive
43:42some measures are coming
43:44regional
43:45on the necessity
43:46to guarantee
43:46to the workers
43:47regular contracts
43:48as for example
43:49the reservation lists
43:55they also snap
43:56the investigations
43:57of the judiciary
43:57and the operations
43:58of the police
43:59like the Sabre investigation
44:01which takes its name
44:01from one of the corporals
44:02of the farmhouse
44:03and which brings
44:04to the arrest
44:04of 16 people
44:05plus 6 other suspects
44:06on foot free
44:07among African foremen
44:08and Italian working actors
44:28and above all
44:30the law arrives
44:31on gangmastering
44:32that finally
44:32defines what it is
44:33a corporal
44:34with those ugly words
44:35violence
44:36exploitation
44:36state of necessity
44:38or of need
44:39and that instead
44:39of a simple fine
44:40of 50 euros
44:41for every laborer
44:42now it involves
44:44a punishment
44:44ranging from 5
44:45at 8 years old
44:46of prison
44:46and a penalty
44:47ranging from 1000
44:48to 2000 euros
44:49for every laborer
44:50recruited
44:51Law 148
44:52of September 14th
44:54of 2011
44:55Article 603 bis
44:56of the penal code
44:57illicit intermediation
44:59and exploitation
45:00of work
45:00it's a law
45:02which depends
45:03from the will
45:05of each individual
45:06worker
45:07to report
45:08why a law
45:09criminal
45:09you have to report it
45:12and many
45:13of these
45:14workers
45:14they don't have
45:15courage
45:15to report
45:17for a series
45:18of reasons
45:19the first reason
45:20is that
45:21in parallel
45:22in this country
45:24there is a law
45:25what is called
45:26the reaction
45:26of clandestinity
45:29and many
45:30of these
45:30workers
45:32they are people
45:33you prospositi
45:34of the permit
45:34of stay
45:35Also
45:37I am also
45:38of people
45:38that first
45:39they had
45:40the permission
45:40of stay
45:41Why
45:41many of these
45:42workers
45:43above all
45:44in the south
45:45they are people
45:45that come
45:46from the north
45:47who worked
45:48Before
45:48in the factories
45:49and with the crisis
45:51in the factories
45:53they were
45:54licensed
45:55and they have
45:55immigrant
45:56towards the south
45:57to work
45:57and since
45:59we have a law
46:00on immigration
46:01that binds
46:02the stay
46:03on the territory
46:04and the contract
46:05of work
46:05the Bussifini
46:07many of these
46:08they go in search
46:09of the contract
46:10and when they go
46:11in search
46:12of the contracts
46:12I am already
46:13illegal immigrants
46:14and then
46:15they are afraid
46:16to go and report
46:17because they are afraid
46:17to be expelled
46:19the other factor
46:21is that there is
46:22the strong crisis
46:24they tell you
46:25what's there
46:25the crisis
46:26and then
46:27they are afraid
46:28to leave
46:28the little
46:29that they have
46:30then there is
46:31another factor
46:32very interesting
46:34and many
46:35of these
46:35workers
46:36as I was saying
46:37they live
46:38in places
46:39to be announced
46:39isolated
46:40in the famous
46:42ghettos
46:43there is no
46:44a real one
46:45culture
46:47a real one
46:48floor
46:49let's say
46:49of integration
46:51to put
46:53of the structures
46:54in the centers
46:55inhabited
46:56a strategy
46:58to fight
46:59the phenomenon
47:00this context
47:01it's very difficult
47:02to defeat
47:04the gangmaster system
47:06it ends well
47:07or it ends badly
47:08this story
47:09because in the end
47:10Ivan Sagné
47:11came to Italy
47:12to study
47:13he graduates
47:13at the Polytechnic
47:14of Turin
47:15in Engineering
47:16of Telecommunications
47:17and now
47:18he works
47:18to Fly CGL
47:19where he works
47:20own
47:21of rights
47:21of foreign workers
47:22on its history
47:24and on this one in particular
47:25he wrote a beautiful book
47:26Love your dream
47:27which tells very well
47:29everything that happened
47:30but this story
47:31it doesn't end
47:32nor well
47:32not bad
47:33because it doesn't end
47:40the slaves
47:41in Italy
47:41there are still
47:42there are still
47:43with the 400,000
47:44workers
47:45that are in hand
47:45to the foremen
47:46concentrated in the ghettos
47:47like Rignano Garganico
47:49or the Ghana ghetto
47:50in San Severo
47:51in the province of Foggia
47:51like the ghetto
47:52of Palazzo San Gervasio
47:53in Potenza
47:54or like the Ermada village
47:56near Latina
47:57where Indian workers
47:58they don't live in shacks
47:59but also 12 or 13
48:00in houses
48:01from 40 square meters
48:06there have been
48:07great civilizations
48:08of the past
48:09which they based
48:09their prosperity
48:10on slave labor
48:11like the Roman Empire
48:13or the Southern United States
48:14before Abraham Lincoln
48:16but it was once
48:17when humanity
48:18it was less evolved
48:19or at least
48:20that's how we like to think
48:21we can accept
48:22that it is still like this today
48:24that our prosperity
48:25it is based
48:26at work
48:27of these modern slaves
48:28even if they pay
48:29to be exploited
48:33and then
48:34in this story
48:35we talked
48:36especially of corporals
48:37but the corporals
48:38I'm not a horde of barbarians
48:40that come from nowhere
48:41to plunder
48:42and then they disappear
48:43the corporals
48:44they procure workers
48:46they procure slaves
48:47but they do it
48:48for entrepreneurs
48:48who are Italian
48:49that we are
48:50with our tradition
48:51our spirit
48:52and our culture
48:53the ghettos
48:55and the fields with the slaves
48:56they are not on another planet
48:58but we see them
48:59from our window
49:00there is still a lot to do
49:02that is, there is a lot to do
49:03that's why
49:06we wanted to continue
49:08thank you all
49:35Thank you all.