- 22 ore fa
Storie della Grande Guerra è l'appuntamento di 100 anni di storie che raccoglie alcune tra le pillole andate in onda quotidianamente durante i precedenti sette giorni. A ciò si aggiungono ulteriori storie, raccontate con la consueta competenza da Carlo Lucarelli. In questa quinta puntata, ad esempio, si parla anche di giornalisti caduti in guerra, dell'atteggiamento del Corriere della Sera in merito all'interventismo e del De Gasperi suddito austro-ungarico. Anche se raramente ce ne accorgiamo, la memoria della Grande Guerra, è tracciata sulle lapidi, le targhe e le lastre marmoree. A volte succede che una lapide scompaia per poi riapparire dopo molti anni improvvisamente a modificare, a completare e risarcire le informazione degli storici.
L’Inpgi, l’istituto nazionale di previdenza dei giornalisti italiani ha molte sedi e uffici a Roma, e nello scantinato di uno di questi, nel 2011, inaspettatamente è saltata fuori una lapide con 83 nomi e cognomi incisi, 83 gradi, e molte medaglie al valore e alla memoria militare. Quei nomi appartengono a quei giornalisti italiani morti durante la guerra. Fino a quella data di nomi se ne conoscevano solo 46, giornalisti uccisi nelle operazioni belliche oppure a causa delle malattie contratte in trincea.
Oggi i giornalisti muoiono soprattutto raccontandole le guerre, come i trentatre giornalisti uccisi in tutto il mondo nei primi sei mesi dall’inizio del 2014, come afferma Reporters sans frontières.
L’Inpgi, l’istituto nazionale di previdenza dei giornalisti italiani ha molte sedi e uffici a Roma, e nello scantinato di uno di questi, nel 2011, inaspettatamente è saltata fuori una lapide con 83 nomi e cognomi incisi, 83 gradi, e molte medaglie al valore e alla memoria militare. Quei nomi appartengono a quei giornalisti italiani morti durante la guerra. Fino a quella data di nomi se ne conoscevano solo 46, giornalisti uccisi nelle operazioni belliche oppure a causa delle malattie contratte in trincea.
Oggi i giornalisti muoiono soprattutto raccontandole le guerre, come i trentatre giornalisti uccisi in tutto il mondo nei primi sei mesi dall’inizio del 2014, come afferma Reporters sans frontières.
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ApprendimentoTrascrizione
00:00For the sake of finding it, we must avoid
00:05The gigantic battle, deceived in twenty
00:09The death of the dead, the will of the wines
00:12The giving, winning, overcoming of a madman
00:17It's the death of death, hold back death
00:20It's death, the world didn't have, it doesn't go
00:24The memory of the Great War is also a story made of gravestones, plaques, marble slabs
00:40We are practically surrounded by it, even if we rarely notice it.
00:45Sometimes, however, it happens that a tombstone disappears.
00:48Only to reappear many years later
00:50To modify, to complete the information of the historians
00:54INPG, the National Social Security Institute for Italian Journalists
00:59It has many branches, many offices in Rome
01:01In the basement of one of these, in 2011, a tombstone unexpectedly turned up
01:0783 names and surnames, 83 degrees
01:11Many medals for valor and remembrance
01:13They are the Italian journalists who died during the First World War
01:18Until 2011, only 46 were known.
01:21Journalists killed in combat or from diseases contracted on the battlefronts
01:27Today journalists die mostly reporting on wars
01:3133 journalists killed worldwide in the first six months of 2014 alone
01:37According to San Frontier reporter
01:39So, during the First World War, they mostly died fighting
01:52For four years and more, at the front as well as in the rear, we have seen false news being born and proliferating in
01:59all countries
02:01They disturbed people's minds, now exciting them, now demoralizing them.
02:04Their variety, bizarreness, and strength still frighten anyone who remembers believing in them.
02:13War comes to the country and therefore there are lies in Iosa, says a German proverb.
02:20If journalism is the truthful reporting of facts, those of the First World War, for those who wanted to provide information, were
02:29difficult times
02:30The Great War of 1915-1918 had no television, no radio
02:38And so to inform the nation it had to essentially rely on journalism
02:43These journalists were very experienced because they had already come from the war in Libya
02:48And some were even decorated for valor.
02:50But their task was somewhat hindered
02:55First of all from censorship, which hindered their narration
03:00And it had to limit it to purely strategically ineffective facts.
03:08And then they couldn't even circulate very easily.
03:12They always have a safe conduct, always permission to roam
03:17May 24, 1915, the day after the declaration of war on Austria
03:24Military censorship will come into force in Italy
03:27Coordinated by the press office of the Supreme Command
03:30For the first ten days it is forbidden to talk about the war
03:35All the newspapers are paying the price for it
03:37Even the Corriere della Sera, which had also played a leading role
03:42In influencing public opinion in favor of Italian intervention
03:46We will publish the Betrothed
03:49Its director Luigi Albertini complains
03:52Even after the first ten days
03:54Articles by one of its leading writers, Luigi Barzini
03:59They won't pass the censorship test
04:01Albertini writes to the head of government
04:04I am informed that Barzini's article
04:08Appeared in the Corriere on June 21st
04:10It was found worthy of censorship
04:13So the brakes will still be tight
04:15Indeed, since Cadorna's announcement
04:18Bans outsiders from visiting provinces declared war zones
04:22All correspondents will be expelled
04:24And the innocent reporting they did will also be banned.
04:28During the Great War
04:30Those who want to tell it
04:32They are caught between two fires
04:34On the one hand the needs of propaganda
04:37On the other hand, censorship
04:39Their function was limited
04:42Because there was the very right imposition of course
04:46To the Supreme Command
04:46That they were not supposed to tell the true reality of the war
04:50They had to give a euphoric version
04:54Flowered more than anything else
04:56And this was very jarring.
05:00It would seem that they suffer more from the detachment from the fight
05:04That for the wounds received
05:05So Barzini is forced to describe
05:08On the pages of the Corriere della Sera
05:10The state of mind of the wounded soldiers
05:13Only in the private letters he wrote to Albertini
05:16He can vent his anger against the army command
05:19They don't make an effort to understand the soldiers
05:23On the contrary, we think we can give new impetus with fear
05:27Aiming some machine guns
05:29Or some cannon behind our backs
05:31Who mount to assault
05:37The war goes on
05:40There is no family that does not have a relative at the front
05:43The hunger for information is widespread at every level
05:46Print runs are skyrocketing
05:48Corriere della Sera sells over 500,000 copies a day
05:53But the country is beginning to understand that behind those newspaper columns
05:58On which the censor's hand passed
06:01There is a very harsh reality that is different from the one described
06:06If the country at a certain point fell for this euphoric narrative
06:11Then it was immediately denied by the soldiers
06:15When they came home on leave
06:17Which gave another report
06:19More exact, more raw
06:20There was an imbalance between the position of the journalist
06:24And the situation to be narrated
06:26On one side they have fairy tales and on the other reality.
06:31Journalism is sweet
06:33But the story of reality arrives anyway
06:35Privately
06:36Despite postal censorship
06:39Through the letters, postcards and diaries of the soldiers
06:42Or from their own voice during the licenses
06:46They were, in a certain sense, the true chroniclers of the war.
06:57Neutrality is an expectation
06:59Not a solution
07:00Of our needs
07:02Of our interests
07:03Of our rights
07:04Italy has declared itself neutral for only three weeks
07:08When on August 24th of that summer of 1914
07:12The Corriere della Sera hosts an article by Andrea Torre
07:16Which distances itself from the government's position
07:19In short, the Corriere della Sera
07:21The main Italian daily newspaper
07:22Directed and led since 1900 by Luigi Albertini
07:26The mood is starting to turn towards Italy's entry into the war
07:29Alongside the great European democracies
07:32The first stage is that of anti-neutralism
07:35But soon the Corriere della Sera will become the main voice of Italian interventionism
07:40And there will also be a lot of news in the rest of the Italian press
07:45Between that August of 1914 and May of 1915
07:56After the outbreak of war at the end of July
07:59And Italy's declaration of neutrality
08:01In the autumn of 1914
08:03The Italian Socialist Party remains the only one in Europe
08:07To defend the original pacifist positions of the Second International
08:13Then on October 18th a twist
08:16Avanti, the party organ, comes out with this editorial
08:20From absolute neutrality to active and operative neutrality
08:24It's the title
08:25It's a complete about-face
08:27And the signature is that of the director, Benito Mussolini
08:31Less than a month later
08:33Mussolini expelled from the PSI
08:35He is at the helm of a new interventionist daily newspaper
08:38The people of Italy
08:41Behind the sudden conversion
08:43The maneuvers of a young journalist
08:45Director of the rest of the Carolingian School of Bologna for a year
08:48His name is Filippo Naldi
08:51A few days before
08:53He had published an article in his newspaper
08:55Who challenged Mussolini
08:56To reveal his true beliefs about the war
08:59The straw man called it the title
09:02This is the only straw I have
09:06Achieved the desired effect
09:07Naldi takes action
09:09In first person
09:10I went to find
09:13He always ate at the same restaurant
09:16I went to his table
09:18And I told him that
09:21In my opinion he had to bring
09:24To the extreme consequences
09:27His speech
09:28His new policy
09:32Naldi knows that Mussolini has long wanted his own newspaper
09:36To be managed without party hindrances
09:38He had very little money.
09:41I think he had 200 lire in his pocket
09:44At that time
09:45I told Mussolini
09:47That
09:47I would have found the means
09:49And I would have formed a company
09:52To advertise
09:53In fact, to set up a company
09:55What was his name?
09:55To the Italian agency
09:57About advertising
09:59With the competition
10:01From some of my friends
10:03Which they made available
10:04Of fairly important means
10:07This is how it was born
10:08This is how it was born
10:09The people of Italy
10:10But who were these friends of Naldi?
10:14Lawyer Gicetto Parodi
10:16Who was of the same opinion as me
10:19Which I saw with great pleasure
10:21Mussolini's conversion
10:23And other people
10:25But their main purpose
10:27That was it
10:28To help
10:31The movement
10:34Mussolignano
10:35Which had been
10:36A real one
10:37Dissection
10:38From socialism
10:39Official
10:40Even more difficult
10:42To establish
10:42Who he really was
10:44Philip Naldi
10:45He was the man
10:46Trustworthy
10:47Of a series of poles
10:49Industrial and financial
10:51And so
10:51The sugar bowls
10:52From Ridania
10:53So
10:54The steelworkers
10:56Of Ansaldo
10:57And so
10:58The electrics
10:58Of Edison
10:59Naldi is
11:00The interpreter
11:01Of certain powers
11:03Strong
11:03And so
11:04Go where
11:05These powers
11:06Strong
11:07They go
11:07Sponsor
11:08By Mussolini
11:09But then
11:10Unpopular
11:10To the fascists
11:11Businessman
11:12Lobbyist
11:12Freemason
11:13All these things
11:14And many more
11:15It seems to have been
11:16Philip Naldi
11:17Indro Montanelli
11:19Many years later
11:20In one of his books
11:22He defined it
11:22A great puppeteer
11:25After the war
11:26Indeed
11:27Naldi will be implicated
11:28In many
11:29Dark Italian events
11:30From the crime
11:31Matteotti
11:31To the crack
11:32Of the bench
11:32Adriatic
11:33Of exchange
11:34Your
11:3518 years old
11:35Of exile
11:36In France
11:36They are caused
11:37From these
11:38Slopes
11:38Judicial
11:39More than
11:39From disagreements
11:40Politicians
11:41With fascism
11:42Then
11:43After July 25th
11:44It suddenly reappears
11:46In Rome
11:46Really
11:47Boss
11:48Of the office
11:48Press
11:49By Badoglio
11:49This return
11:51What has
11:51Truly
11:52Of the sensational
11:53This return
11:54In Italy
11:55The possibility
11:56What has
11:57To get closer
11:57Right away
11:58The king
11:58The king
11:58He receives it
11:59Victor Emmanuel III
12:00He receives it
12:00Why is it
12:01The
12:02How to say
12:03Somehow
12:04The representative
12:05Of interests
12:06Financial
12:07Industrialists
12:07From beyond the Alps
12:09Very strong
12:10And above all
12:11Reports
12:12Very tight
12:13With the Anglo-Americans
12:14With economic forces
12:15And policies
12:16Anglo-American
12:17Not excluded
12:18Masonic report
12:20It comes to mind
12:22Montanelli
12:22For him
12:23Naldi was
12:24A great puppeteer
12:25Which always has
12:26Conceived men
12:27Like puppets
12:28Of which
12:29Pull the strings
12:30In the shadow
12:31In short
12:32The prototype
12:33Of a figure
12:34Very recurrent
12:35In Italian history
12:41But what a beautiful war
12:43What a lovely world
12:44It's the title
12:45Of a film
12:46By Richard Hettenbrooke
12:47In whose opening scene
12:48In the background
12:48There is a sign
12:49With written above
12:50The Battle of Loss
12:52English losses
12:5360,000
12:54Allied losses
12:56250,000
12:57Land conquered
12:59Zero yards
13:00A Loss
13:01On the Western Front
13:02In September
13:03From 1915
13:04The English
13:05They unleashed
13:06One of theirs
13:07More violent
13:08Offensive
13:08Against the Germans
13:09Result
13:11Zero yards
13:12But hundreds
13:13Of thousands
13:13Of the dead
13:14And of missing
13:15Among these
13:17Among the dead of Loss
13:18There was also
13:18John Kipling
13:19Son of the famous writer
13:21The one in the book
13:22Of the jungle
13:23The father
13:24That during the conflict
13:25He did the correspondent
13:26War
13:26And it was also on the Italian front
13:28For years
13:29He refused to recognize her
13:30The death of the son
13:31He considered him missing
13:33Not killed
13:34The shadow
13:35Of the disappearance
13:36Of that son
13:37Only six weeks
13:38After his
13:38Eighteenth birthday
13:39That son
13:40That he himself
13:41He had pushed
13:42To enlist
13:43And also the lack
13:44Of a body
13:45To cry over
13:45They persecuted
13:47Always
13:47Kipling Rollers
13:48After 1918
13:51He visited
13:512500 war cemeteries
13:53Where they were located
13:55The bodies
13:55Of a million
13:56Of English soldiers
13:57Churches also
13:58To be nominated
14:00Commissioner
14:00To the war graves
14:01In the Great War
14:0353%
14:05Of all the soldiers
14:06Employees in the conflict
14:07From all the belligerent countries
14:09He was killed
14:10Wound
14:10Or missing
14:11Only in France
14:13One million
14:14And 300 thousand
14:15Mothers and fathers
14:16They cry
14:16A missing son
14:17It's difficult
14:19With a tragedy
14:20Of these proportions
14:21It's working in mourning
14:22Both individually
14:24And also collectively
14:33Oh blessed are those who have the most
14:36Because they will be able to give more
14:38The more they can burn
14:40Blessed are those who are 20 years old
14:43A chaste mind
14:44A temperate body
14:45A spirited mother
14:47Blessed are those who wait
14:50And trusting
14:51They did not squander
14:52Their strength
14:53But they kept it
14:55In the discipline
14:56Of the warrior
15:03Mario Moderni
15:04He's a boy
15:05Born in Rome
15:06Very shy
15:07This is how it is described
15:07From the father
15:08But in itself
15:09He was brooding
15:09This great desire
15:11On the one hand
15:12To keep faith
15:12To tradition
15:14Of the family
15:14The father
15:15Precisely
15:16A colonel
15:16Of the army
15:17But on the other hand
15:18There was a sincere
15:19Desire for patriotism
15:20Which probably
15:22He borrows
15:22Even in the environment
15:23Let's say
15:24In the Academy
15:24Of fine arts
15:25And who brings it
15:26Precisely
15:26He has a direct commitment
15:27In the demonstrations
15:31Without saying anything
15:32To the father
15:32He is committed
15:33Politically
15:34In the battle
15:35Of hereditary
15:38Participate
15:39At all events
15:40In the square
15:40Taking place in Rome
15:41On horseback
15:42Between 1914
15:43And it's 1915
15:44Only the mother
15:45He had mentioned something
15:46Saying that he had gone
15:47For example
15:48At the rally
15:50By D'Annunzio
15:51In Rome
15:56D'Annunzio
15:57D'Annunzio was
15:58The inventor
15:59Of the war
15:59Of propaganda
16:00First of all
16:01As a speaker
16:02The General
16:03Cadorna
16:03One day he said
16:04If D'Annunzio
16:05If he could speak
16:06To the soldiers
16:07Before every battle
16:08The battle
16:09It would be half
16:10Won
16:11D'Annunzio
16:12He exalted
16:13Only the soldiers
16:14But also
16:15The civilian population
16:16And he gave
16:17To war
16:18And also glorious
16:24So
16:25In those
16:25That D'Annunzio himself
16:26He will call
16:27The radiant days
16:29Of May
16:291915
16:30The prophet
16:31Inflame
16:32The souls
16:33Of many boys
16:34Among these
16:35There is also
16:36The 22-year-old
16:37Mario Moderni
16:38That already in the evening
16:39Of the 23rd
16:39He's on a train
16:41He asked
16:42And got it
16:43The enlistment
16:44Voluntary
16:48Mario hugged us
16:50And he kissed us
16:50One last time
16:51Then he got into the carriage
16:52He greeted us
16:53Once again
16:54With the voice
16:55With the hand
16:55While the train
16:56It was moving
16:56But he couldn't come
16:58At the window
16:58For the agglomeration
17:00Of the recalled
17:00In the corridor
17:01Of the wagon
17:08The next day
17:09At 5 in the morning
17:10While the train
17:11It's coming soon
17:12In Ancona
17:13The Austrian fleet
17:14It's already bombing
17:15The city
17:16Luckily
17:17The convoy
17:18By Mario
17:19He remains unharmed
17:21I have with me
17:22A piece of grenade
17:23Which fell near me
17:24Luckily
17:25Without hitting me
17:26And what will I bring?
17:27In fond remembrance
17:28Of the bombing
17:29From Ancona
17:29This prank
17:31The Austrians
17:32They'll have to pay for it
17:40The last letter
17:41Written by Mario
17:42Modern
17:43To his father
17:43Colonel
17:44Pompeo Moderni
17:45It's October 14th
17:47In a war zone
18:17Dear Dad
18:18If this were to happen
18:19Happy
18:20Of having given my modest help
18:21To the common cause
18:22If I were to fall
18:24Don't cry over my end
18:25It would be the term
18:27Of my family
18:28But I would summarize
18:29All the ardent ideals
18:30Inspired by you
18:31And of my ancestors
18:33Warmest greetings
18:35And my infinite kisses
18:36Your Mario
18:41During the assault
18:43It is thrown between the feet
18:45A grenade
18:45Whose explosion
18:47It involves
18:48Instant amputation
18:49Of both feet
18:51He's in agony
18:53About 12 hours
18:54In the course
18:54Of which
18:55Keep urging
18:56The companions
18:57To do one's duty
18:58And he basically dies
18:59For distancing
19:00A few months later
19:02It is communicated
19:03To the parents
19:04The conferment
19:05Of the silver medal
19:06For military valor
19:10Blessed are those
19:11That having yesterday
19:12Shouted out against the event
19:14They will accept in silence
19:16The high necessity
19:17And no more
19:18They will want to be the last
19:20But the first ones
19:21Blessed are the young
19:23That they are hungry
19:24And thirsty for glory
19:25Why
19:26They will be satisfied
19:28It's a story like many others
19:33A father's story
19:34Of a son
19:35Of their dialectic
19:36Of their comparison
19:37In Rome
19:38From the late nineteenth century
19:39And of the early years
19:39Of the twentieth century
19:40Until the First World War
19:42But it has its own uniqueness
19:43Why this story
19:44A trace remains
19:46Which still today
19:46It continues to bear fruit
19:59We'll have to know
20:00For what reasons?
20:01It happens that the Trento station
20:03While before
20:04At the counters
20:05There were three employees
20:06Today
20:07There are twelve of them
20:08Despite the number
20:09Some tickets
20:09It has decreased
20:10And when I see
20:12That a post office
20:13To do the service
20:14Of dispatches letters
20:16Spends with the Austrian system
20:1810,000 lire per year
20:19And with the Italian system
20:2187,000 lire per year
20:23I wonder
20:24If it's not right
20:25What we study
20:26And let's see
20:26If it can be reached
20:27To save money
20:28Lots of string
20:29Lots of envelopes
20:30And a lot of sealing wax
20:31Of which he makes a lot of waste
20:33The Italian administration
20:35It wasn't certain
20:36A nostalgic
20:37Of the Habsburg Empire
20:38Who spoke like that?
20:39In 1921
20:41To the Italian Parliament
20:42On the contrary
20:43In the first part
20:44Of his life
20:45From Trentino
20:46Austro-Hungarian subject
20:47He had fought
20:48For the annexation
20:50Of the lands
20:50Irredeemed to Italy
20:52And for the defense
20:53Of the refugees
20:54And the Trentino soldiers
20:55In the First World War
20:56Then
20:57After the victory
20:58When from Parliament
20:59From Vienna
21:00It had passed
21:01At the Parliament in Rome
21:02It was early
21:03I have given an account
21:03Of some
21:04Italian vices
21:05And so
21:06In 1921
21:08Alcide De Gasperi
21:10He asked the Italian Parliament
21:11A serious one
21:12Spending Review
21:22So here we are
21:23The building
21:25Erected with difficulty
21:26With subtle tricks
21:27With hypocrisies
21:29With honest intentions
21:30From European diplomacy
21:31To avert
21:32The horrors of war
21:33He is surprised
21:34From a spark
21:35Suddenly flashed
21:37It crumbles
21:38And it sinks
21:38In the fire of Volatore
21:42The war broke out
21:44A few days ago
21:45It's already a world war
21:46The conflict involves
21:47One country after another
21:49But not Italy
21:50That August 3rd
21:51He officially declared
21:52Its neutrality
21:55It's God's time
21:57It's God's time
21:57He hides in mystery
21:59Of his high council
22:01The reasons for the plague
22:02And the fates to come
22:03Future of men
22:04It's a punishment
22:06To the sins of the world
22:07The present war
22:09Mystery
22:13The Life of Alcide De Gasperi
22:15It's almost perfectly
22:17Split in half
22:17In the first 37 years
22:19He is a subject
22:20Of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
22:21For the other 36
22:23Citizen of the kingdom
22:24And then
22:24Of the Italian Republic
22:26Of which it will be
22:27The first president
22:27Of the council
22:28A fracture
22:30Marked by a
22:30Almost
22:31Imperceptible
22:32Change of surname
22:33De Gasperi
22:34All attached
22:35He is the Austrian subject
22:36De Gasperi
22:38The Italian citizen
22:39For eight years
22:40He was sitting
22:41To the Austrian Parliament
22:42And for eight years
22:43He played a role
22:44Featured
22:45In the Italian Parliament
22:46Already when he was a member of parliament
22:48In Vienna
22:48De Gasperi
22:49He always took care of
22:50Of the Italian Trentino people
22:51Particularly in difficulty
22:53After the explosion
22:54Of the war
22:54He had been commissioned
22:57To take care of
22:58Of the Italian refugees
23:00Meaning what
23:01The countries
23:02What were they?
23:03Along the border
23:04Between Italy
23:05And Austria
23:06The countries
23:08They were coming
23:09Practically
23:10Empty yourself
23:11Almost
23:12Of all the people
23:12And they were brought
23:14Inside
23:14Of the empire
23:17They were about
23:1875,000
23:19The civilians
23:20That from Trentino
23:21They were deported
23:21In refugee camps
23:22In the internal areas
23:24Of the empire
23:24Thousands of people
23:26Deprived of their rights
23:27Forced to live
23:29In condition
23:29At the limits
23:30Of survival
23:31In the so-called
23:32Wooden City
23:33There are
23:35Packs of cards
23:37All in German
23:38I remember a
23:39Instead
23:39Very impressive
23:40He says
23:41Women cry
23:42Why is it raining?
23:43And they don't have
23:45How to cook
23:46One holds
23:48The open umbrella
23:49And in the meantime
23:50They make polenta
23:51He is willing
23:53The government
23:53To proceed
23:54To an investigation
23:55Severe
23:55Exhaustive
23:56And impartial
23:57On the methods
23:58With which
23:58They are performed
23:59The internments
24:00And of confinements
24:01Of many citizens
24:02Austrians
24:02By nationality
24:03Italian
24:08When the war
24:09It's about to end
24:10The complaint
24:10By De Gasperi
24:11On the treatment
24:12Inhuman
24:12Immediately from the refugees
24:14Italians
24:14It becomes a real one
24:16Invective
24:16Against those
24:17That they did nothing
24:18Why that tragedy
24:20If it were avoided
24:22Here we go
24:23Look at the conditions
24:25It is found as much
24:26Trentino debated
24:27If it will belong
24:28One or the other
24:29State
24:30Now this
24:30They will decide
24:31The weapons
24:31And if we were to
24:33Detach ourselves
24:33From this
24:34State union
24:35Then the government
24:36And the parties
24:37They should ask
24:37To their conscience
24:39If they haven't done it
24:40Everything possible
24:41To give back to us
24:42Trentini
24:42Easier
24:43This step
24:45He who
24:46In October
24:47From 1918
24:47He was throwing himself
24:49Against politics
24:49From Vienna
24:50And the same
24:51De Gasperi
24:51That only
24:52Four years ago
24:53He criticized
24:54Harshly
24:54The positions
24:55Irredentists
24:56And while defending
24:57With firmness
24:57Italianness
24:58He thought it was wrong
25:00The perspective
25:00Of a war
25:01Italian
25:01Against Austria
25:02A war
25:03What De Gasperi
25:04He had made an effort
25:05By any means
25:06To avoid
25:07I know my father
25:08He tried to do
25:09That little
25:10That it was possible for him
25:11In order for Italy
25:13Don't come in
25:14In this war
25:14I found
25:15A letter
25:16A note
25:17By Minister Sonnino
25:18Which says
25:20I saw
25:20I saw De Gasperi
25:21Member of Parliament
25:22To Parliament
25:23From Vienna
25:23And he says
25:24That is possible
25:25Deal with
25:26And don't go
25:28To a war
25:28And in the end
25:31Greeting him
25:32De Gasperi
25:33He told him
25:33Listen to me
25:34I have not been
25:36From her
25:36She didn't see me
25:38The secret one
25:39The secret one
25:39With the minister
25:40Of foreigners
25:41Sleep
25:41It's just
25:42One of the meetings
25:43What De Gasperi
25:44He had in the months
25:45Of neutrality
25:45Italian
25:46Some were secret
25:48Other officers
25:50All excellent
25:51The meeting
25:52With the ambassador
25:53From Austria
25:54Hungary
25:54Von Macchio
25:55And that
25:55With Benedict
25:56XV
25:56Just elected
25:58Pontiff
25:58After death
25:59By Pius X
26:00They are the testimonies
26:01Of how
26:02The young man
26:02Member of Parliament
26:03From Pieve Tesino
26:04De Gasperi
26:04Future Italian statesman
26:06He put all his energy into it
26:08To pursue
26:09The negotiation
26:10And to avert
26:11The entry into the war
26:12Of our country
26:21Hunger and cold
26:22Cold and hunger
26:23They are the only ones
26:25Two words
26:25Clearly understandable
26:27That this old man
26:28Gentleman
26:28He can pronounce
26:29When they ask him
26:30To remember
26:31The Great War
26:32Him
26:33To the boy from 99
26:34He had fought it
26:35And when
26:36In 2005
26:37A crew
26:38From TG2
26:39Go to interview him
26:40In his hometown
26:41Weapon
26:42In the province
26:42From Reggio Calabria
26:43Carmelo Zema
26:44He is 106 years old
26:46Today
26:47Carmelo Zema
26:48It's no longer there
26:48Like the last ones
26:49Roots
26:50Of the Great War
26:51The Great War
26:52In Italy
26:53And in Europe
26:54He has no more witnesses
26:55If we want
26:56Meet them again
26:57If we want
26:58Listen to them again
26:59We have to go there
27:00To search
27:00In the display cases
27:09We were
27:11Certificates
27:12At the shore
27:14Of the Piave
27:14And we have it
27:16Past
27:17To do
27:17The head
27:18Of bridge
27:19Right here
27:21At 7 in the morning
27:23Of the 28th
27:27It seems to me
27:27We started
27:29The advance
27:30It means
27:32I gave the order
27:33To my Alpine troops
27:34To graft
27:35The bayonet
27:36And I told him
27:37On
27:37After you
27:38At 7
27:39On the dot
27:41As we moved forward
27:42I turned around
27:44And I saw
27:45Which instead
27:45They were
27:46Throwing down
27:47The apples
27:48From the trees
27:48Because they were hungry
27:50It was two days
27:51That we didn't eat
27:53I witnessed unfortunately
27:55To all attacks
27:56What have been done
27:58Counting the mountain
27:59Above all
28:01In October
28:02And in November
28:03From 1915
28:04Where
28:05Our soldiers
28:07Despite
28:07The value
28:09They
28:10And the officers
28:11Who led them
28:12They were
28:13Repeatedly
28:14Massacati
28:15In vain
28:15There wasn't
28:17Absolutely
28:17No chance
28:19That the troops
28:21That they were going
28:22To the assault
28:22They arrived
28:23At the
28:24Lyceum
28:25Austrian
28:25With safety
28:27To be able to do it
28:28Conquer
28:31In
28:32Here
28:32That was all
28:32Enlightened
28:33And it's full
28:34Of Austrians
28:34I thought
28:35To find me
28:36In front of
28:3670-80 men
28:37As they had us
28:39Indicated
28:39Instead
28:40They were more
28:40Of 200
28:41At that time
28:42Fortunately
28:43The racks
28:44With all the weapons
28:45Placed on top
28:46I told them
28:47They
28:47I began
28:48To shout
28:4970-50
28:50To give
28:50The impression
28:51That outside
28:51I had a lot of troops
28:53The bombing
28:54Enemy
28:55There was
28:55Announced
28:56Since the day
28:5723
28:57And in fact
28:59In the night
28:59From the 23rd
29:00At 24
29:01It broke out
29:02Violent
29:03On our lines
29:08We learned
29:08Next
29:09That one of ours
29:10Drums
29:10Here on the pass
29:11From Zagradan
29:12She had been hit
29:13In full
29:13And others
29:14In Pusno
29:15And in Sdregnie
29:16With the moment
29:17We came to note
29:18That our lines
29:20Hit by artillery
29:21Rowing
29:22They were all broken
29:24With the commands
29:25Superiors
29:26And the group commands
29:27We meet
29:28Completely isolated
29:57The artillery
30:01They were calling themselves artillery
30:02They gave each other liquor
30:02That I never drank
30:04That when we drank
30:06That when we drank that stuff there
30:07We couldn't understand anything anymore
30:09It was given
30:10The assault
30:12AND
30:13And that's how we died
30:15And there were those who ran away
30:48Many
30:50I was ten years old
30:52As
30:52After the chapter
30:53Of the Great War
30:54That one closed too
30:55Some testimonies
30:56What they produced
30:57Debates
30:58Reflections
30:58And new awareness
31:00To us
31:01The task remains
31:02To guard it
31:03Their domoria
31:04And to transmit it
31:12Maybe it's not a coincidence
31:14That the first monoscope
31:15Black and white
31:16What aired
31:17Uninterruptedly
31:18Since 1954
31:19To 1977
31:21It has been realized
31:23Own
31:23From a boy from 99
31:25A designer
31:26And famous advertiser
31:27Herbert Carboni
31:29There are two anniversaries
31:31Which occur this year
31:32In Europe
31:33And in the world
31:33Let's remember the hundred years
31:35From the beginning
31:35Of the First World War
31:37In Italy
31:38We also celebrate
31:39The 60 years
31:40Of television
31:41Since
31:42That is in 1954
31:43The RAI
31:44It's not just radio anymore
31:46And the RAI
31:47With his archive
31:48It's a precious
31:49Treasure chest
31:49Of our memory
31:50Also
31:51On the First World War
31:53The stories
31:54And the memories
31:55Of the Great War
31:56On RAI Storia
31:57A path that continues
31:58Until we meet again
32:02Thank you
32:12Thank you all.
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