- 22 ore fa
Sono tanti i vocaboli coniati durante la Prima Guerra Mondiale e che oggi usiamo quotidianamente. L’espressione comune, ad esempio, nell'uso corrente di dire oggi mi girano le pallottole, all’epoca non aveva nulla a che fare con l’umore dei nostri uomini, si avvaleva invece di un senso più tecnico e strategico nella gestione delle operazioni militari. I soldati più ingegnosi, sfilando le pallottole dal bossolo per reinserirle girate, spostavano il baricentro e ottenevano in questo modo un colpo più preciso e letale per il bersaglio.
I soldati più odiati erano senza dubbio i cecchini, anche quest’ultima è un’espressione inventata proprio durante il conflitto e che è utilizzata tuttora nel gergo corrente. Il termine deriva daIl’appellativo denigratorio con il quale i nostri militari chiamavano il nemico, l’Imperatore d’Austria, Cecco Beppe. Quei soldati che dalla trincea opposta erano pronti a sparare per uccidere, alla vista della prima sigaretta accesa nel buio della notte, sapevano che quello da puntare era il battaglione dei soldati di Cecco Beppe, i cecchini appunto, il peggio del peggio. Anche i tedeschi, loro alleati non venivano ben visti, venivano denominati crucchi, parola usata soprattutto dai nostri soldati di origine meridionale, i tedeschi erano i crucchi, ovvero i mangiatori di polenta, i Grutze.
Sono tanti i modi di dire, ereditati dal gergo bellico, come ad esempio, Svegliati, la guerra è finita, oppure Caporetto, siamo in trincea, ma anche rompere le scatole, modo di dire derivato dalla rottura di scatole contenenti munizioni. Era l’ordine che preludeva l’assalto, e forse anche la morte. Ma c’è un’espressione per la quale dovremmo provare vergogna anche solo per averla usata una volta nella vita per offendere qualcuno, quell’espressione è scemo di guerra. Vocabolo nato da quegli abissi di orrore che dalla Prima Guerra Mondiale prende origine e che noi, senza pensare, abbiamo col tempo, fatto diventare un oltraggio.
I soldati più odiati erano senza dubbio i cecchini, anche quest’ultima è un’espressione inventata proprio durante il conflitto e che è utilizzata tuttora nel gergo corrente. Il termine deriva daIl’appellativo denigratorio con il quale i nostri militari chiamavano il nemico, l’Imperatore d’Austria, Cecco Beppe. Quei soldati che dalla trincea opposta erano pronti a sparare per uccidere, alla vista della prima sigaretta accesa nel buio della notte, sapevano che quello da puntare era il battaglione dei soldati di Cecco Beppe, i cecchini appunto, il peggio del peggio. Anche i tedeschi, loro alleati non venivano ben visti, venivano denominati crucchi, parola usata soprattutto dai nostri soldati di origine meridionale, i tedeschi erano i crucchi, ovvero i mangiatori di polenta, i Grutze.
Sono tanti i modi di dire, ereditati dal gergo bellico, come ad esempio, Svegliati, la guerra è finita, oppure Caporetto, siamo in trincea, ma anche rompere le scatole, modo di dire derivato dalla rottura di scatole contenenti munizioni. Era l’ordine che preludeva l’assalto, e forse anche la morte. Ma c’è un’espressione per la quale dovremmo provare vergogna anche solo per averla usata una volta nella vita per offendere qualcuno, quell’espressione è scemo di guerra. Vocabolo nato da quegli abissi di orrore che dalla Prima Guerra Mondiale prende origine e che noi, senza pensare, abbiamo col tempo, fatto diventare un oltraggio.
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ApprendimentoTrascrizione
00:00It's far away for us too, we're going to finish it
00:05The giant passerby, deceived to come
00:09The death of the dead, from the will of the wines
00:12To return, to live, you will not want to regret a fact
00:16It's an hour, an hour later
00:20It's an hour, it's an hour, it's an hour, it's an hour
00:22It's an hour, it's an hour, it's an hour, it's an hour
00:34Today I'm getting fired up
00:36Here, during the First World War
00:38The expression was exactly this
00:40Even if it had nothing to do with it
00:42With the mood of our infantrymen
00:43The most industrious, in fact, paraded
00:46The bullets from the casing
00:48And they were putting them back, precisely, turned
00:50In this way they moved the center of gravity further forward
00:53Making them more precise
00:54But above all they made sure that they turned around
00:56On impact with the target
00:58Making them more lethal and devastating
01:00They especially had it in for snipers.
01:03Another word we use widely today
01:06And which was born precisely with the First World War
01:08Ours fought against the Emperor of Austria
01:12Who was called, contemptuously, Cecco Beppe
01:15Here, those soldiers
01:17That from the opposite trench
01:18They were aiming at them, for hours
01:20Ready to shoot and kill
01:21At the first cigarette lit in the dark of night
01:24Those were called snipers
01:26Cecco Beppe's soldiers
01:28The worst of the worst
01:29Their allies too
01:31They were not well received, of course.
01:33The Germans
01:34The Krauts
01:34Especially for our soldiers of southern origin
01:38Polenta Eaters
01:39In German
01:40Crux, precisely
01:41There are many ways of saying that we use widely today
01:45Coming directly from the First World War
01:47Wake up, the war is over
01:50Caporetto
01:51We are in the trenches
01:53Even breaking the balls
01:55Which were the ones that contained the ammunition
01:57Break the balls
01:59It was the order that preceded the assault
02:01And maybe even to death
02:03But there is an expression
02:05That we should be ashamed
02:06Of having used even just once in your life
02:08To insult someone
02:09War idiot
02:10We will have to know
02:12From what depths of horror of the First World War
02:15That originates from that
02:16That we have turned into an insult
02:28There is no known previous medical history.
02:31Neither family nor individual
02:33We only know that
02:35He comes from the places of battle
02:37He is suffering from severe asthenia
02:40And it can only be sustained by relying on people.
02:43He has a painful and frightened expression
02:46He doesn't answer the question at all
02:48He mutters incomprehensible words
02:53Transient mutism
02:54Emotional neurosis
02:56Catatonic stupor
02:57These were
02:58The most numerous diagnoses
03:00Among those for the 40,000 soldiers
03:02Welcomed in Italian psychiatric hospitals
03:04During the First World War
03:06The horrors and sufferings of modern warfare
03:09They not only distorted the bodies
03:11But also the minds of many soldiers
03:17He lies in bed, motionless and silent
03:19He doesn't answer even persistent questions
03:21But he blinks quickly
03:24Mild catatonia
03:25Changing his bed this morning
03:27He seemed to wake up and speak.
03:29Where are you taking me?
03:32In the evening
03:33He answered something to the doctor
03:35Whispering faintly
03:36And he started crying
03:42To face the emergency
03:44Specialized departments were established
03:46At psychiatric hospitals
03:48But also medical facilities
03:50Near combat zones
03:51A quick rehabilitation was sought
03:55To send back to the front as soon as possible
03:56Those soldiers
03:57For this it was necessary to find out
04:00The simulators
04:01Those who pretended to be affected
04:03From mental disorders
04:04In order to obtain leave
04:05And escape the atrocities of war
04:07Psychiatric visits therefore
04:10They looked more alike than anything else
04:12To real trials
04:13The outcome of which often depended
04:15From the patient's ability to resist
04:23Psychiatry as a whole
04:25He fulfilled a state function
04:28He did not seize the opportunity of war
04:33To learn more about the pathogenesis
04:39The genesis of mental disorders
04:41And she was satisfied with that.
04:45To make the symptoms disappear
04:47It took some time to realize
04:50That the new features
04:51Of modern warfare
04:52They had produced in the fighters
04:54Completely new traumas
04:56The field he first experimented with
05:00This discomfort of a lifetime
05:05Brought back to normality
05:07After the absolute bestiality of a war
05:10It was precisely the First World War
05:12The First World War
05:14He exposed the fighters
05:16To an experience from a psychological perspective
05:19Never experienced before
05:21We must remember that the First World War
05:24It is also the first battlefield
05:27Which produces such a quantity
05:29Of dead and wounded
05:31This look at death
05:33So absolute
05:34So deep
05:35So penetrating
05:37It's very difficult to overcome
05:39And it will be very difficult
05:40For the fighters
05:41That they will come home
05:42Erase the memory
05:44Of these visual experiences
05:50A new world then
05:52Which produces new visions
05:54And they are the visions
05:55It is known
05:55Even the most terrible ones
05:57To inspire artists
05:58Carlo Carrà
05:59He is already an established painter
06:01In 1916
06:02Giorgio De Chirico will be
06:04The two young people
06:06They report a nervous breakdown
06:07And they are hospitalized
06:08In the neurological hospital
06:10Of Villa del Seminario
06:11Near Ferrara
06:12They live there for months
06:14And they observe the effects of the war
06:16On the mind
06:16On the bodies of the soldiers
06:18They meet with them
06:20In rooms of aphanous and unadorned
06:21That some time later
06:23They would have been called metaphysical
06:25But the metaphysical school
06:27So it's still in its infancy
06:28On the contrary
06:29Maybe it can be said
06:30Let it be born right
06:31In the rooms of that hospital
06:33De Chirico called it
06:35The Valley of Riddles
06:45Sing and it will pass
06:46Hunger
06:48The cold
06:48Fear
06:49Boredom
06:50Sing and it will pass
06:51It has entered our daily lexicon
06:53For almost a century
06:54It seems
06:55That it turned
06:56Among the infantry
06:57In the trenches
06:58Of the First World War
06:59He writes it
07:01In his preface
07:02Piero Barba
07:03That in 1919
07:04Collected in a book
07:06The Soldier's Songs
07:07What does it tell?
07:08Of having seen this sentence
07:09Engraved
07:10On a sinkhole in the Karst
07:11A Soldier's Invitation
07:14To his comrades
07:15Sing and it will pass
07:16Piero Barba
07:18It's the opseudonym
07:18By Piero Jaillet
07:20A poet
07:20A writer
07:21An intellectual
07:22Of those who supported
07:23The entrance of Italy
07:25At war
07:26Interventionists
07:27Who wrote in magazines
07:28Like La Cerba
07:29Or The Voice
07:30By Giuseppe Prezzolini
07:31Then
07:32When the war
07:33It had exploded
07:34Jail
07:35He had done it
07:35As a volunteer
07:36In the Alpine troops
07:37And in 1918
07:38He had been the architect
07:40From one of the newspapers
07:41From the trenches
07:42The lobster
07:43What they were looking for
07:43To lift up
07:44The moral
07:45Of our troops
07:46After the defeat
07:47Of Caporetto
07:47And as soon as it was over
07:49He had started to work
07:50On the songs
07:51Of that war
07:52Today
07:53At almost a hundred years old
07:54Since then
07:54Someone
07:55Keep doing it
07:56And to sing them
08:01You don't remember
08:04That month
08:06In April
08:08That long train
08:12That was going
08:13At the border
08:17I don't have
08:18He was a person
08:18Which always has
08:22He went to war
08:24Like everything
08:25Even on the Piave
08:27And during the big holidays
08:30Agresti
08:31There was a moment
08:32From
08:32After eating
08:33And a little bit too
08:34Done a little
08:34About music
08:34From dance
08:35There was a moment
08:36In which
08:39The adults
08:41They came
08:41Returning to a table
08:42And they sang
08:42The songs
08:43Of the Great War
08:43So my father
08:44Of my aunt
08:44Of my grandfather
08:45And the women
08:46They kept the children
08:47Bigger ones in arms
08:48In silence
08:49And the most seated
08:50And I remember precisely
08:51That my grandfather
08:51When he sang
08:52For example
08:53Mount Canino
08:54In short
08:55He could never finish it
08:56Why no verse
08:57He took a hat
08:59He put it on his face
09:02We have arrived
09:03On the mountain
09:07The father then
09:08After so many years
09:09He told me exactly
09:10That grandfather was crying
09:11Why on the Piave
09:12He saw some pictures
09:13From Girona and Dantesco
09:16In short
09:16So he saw mountains
09:18From
09:20Her peers
09:21In short
09:21Dead
09:22As tall as buildings
09:23Two or three stories high
09:25And this show
09:26These images
09:27It had remained inside
09:28And it had never succeeded
09:30To overcome them
09:31We are coming
09:32From the plains
09:33Come on
09:36Who wages war
09:38Through the fogs
09:41Never safe
09:42And they are not those
09:45Of the city
09:46Baptize
09:49Downstairs
10:02Lead
10:04And then dedicated
10:04To my grandfather
10:05That he was a man
10:06Country
10:06Who was a farmer
10:07Born in short
10:08In that one
10:08Mesopotamia
10:09From Italy
10:10Between the two great rivers
10:11Between the Adige
10:11And the Po
10:12In the lower Veronese area
10:41They bombard the curtain
10:44A sort of lump in the throat
10:46They make me a little
10:46Cry again
10:47As if
10:49If I had
10:50The memory
10:51Of my grandfather
10:52As if in our DNA
10:53If they had passed
10:54These images too
10:55There is something
10:56That I can't
10:57To check
10:58Completely
10:59I left
11:00My mother
11:06I left her
11:09To be a soldier
11:14I think that
11:15Revisiting these songs
11:16Let it be for me
11:17A duty
11:18A civic duty
11:19Beyond moral
11:19Even towards my country
11:21Towards the new generations
11:23And towards
11:24Who came before us?
11:25Why
11:26In my opinion
11:27A people
11:28Which has no roots
11:29He can't even do it
11:30To configure
11:31A future
11:32It's very important
11:40I'm not thought
11:42The songs
11:42Of the Great War
11:43Like songs
11:45More than war
11:46Love songs
11:47Oh religious songs
11:50Why
11:50I always saw
11:52A kind of sacredness
11:53When
11:53I saw the adults
11:54As a child
11:55That they sang to her
11:56It seemed
11:57I saw many
11:58Handkerchiefs turn
12:00I saw many tears
12:01It seemed to be
12:02Almost the funeral
12:03Those funerals
12:04When they hold the funeral
12:05Of the children
12:05Which are the most
12:06More tragic
12:07And so
12:09I've always seen them
12:10As
12:12Very high songs
12:13Down inside
12:17Winter
12:20Winter
12:21Winter
12:21And from the great winter
12:27No
12:29There's no going back
12:38The worker
12:39Worker Shintaki
12:40Motomitsu
12:40He was working
12:41In the courtyard
12:42Of his house
12:43August 6th
12:441945
12:45In Hiroshima
12:46His wife
12:48Ikuko
12:48He was next to him
12:49And he spoke to him
12:50With a bowl in hand
12:51Suddenly
12:52It had stopped
12:53Even before that
12:54To hear the roar
12:55Shintaki
12:56He had turned around
12:57To look at her
12:58I saw Ikuko
12:59Black as a piece
13:00Of anthracite
13:01With the hands
13:02Shrunken
13:03Around the bowl
13:04She was dead
13:05Without knowing you're dying
13:06It was exploded
13:08The first atomic bomb
13:09We don't know
13:11How did he do it?
13:12Shintaki
13:12To outlive his wife
13:14But his story
13:15Captures perfection
13:16All the horror
13:17Of this new weapon
13:18Of mass destruction
13:20Die
13:21Without knowing you're dying
13:22A story
13:23Started 30 years ago
13:25In the terrible battles
13:26Of the First World War
13:28With chemical weapons
13:37I found myself
13:38Right at this spot here
13:39We were between two fires
13:40It was a fog
13:42Fixed
13:42You can't see anything
13:43We were just shooting
13:44Around 5 o'clock
13:45We understood
13:46A strong smell of gas
13:47We had to put
13:48Masks on
13:49Because the whole area
13:51Over here
13:51Beyond Zonza
13:52Cessorza
13:53She was gassed
13:54It was serious
13:55To breathe
13:58Peter Carli
13:59He's from Trentino
13:59And the battle of Caporetto
14:01He fought it
14:02With the Austro-Hungarian Army
14:04Against the Italians
14:07At dawn on that 24th October 1917
14:10There, in the Plezzo basin
14:12The Austrian artillery
14:14He threw hundreds of grenades
14:16Charged with a lethal chemical mixture
14:18Not even those who used it
14:20He knew it thoroughly
14:21Its effects
14:23Over there
14:24In large and numerous shelters
14:26About 800 men lie
14:28All dead
14:30Some, few
14:32Caught up in the escape
14:33They fell to the ground
14:34With your face towards the ground
14:36Never again
14:37They are curled up
14:38Near the walls
14:39The rifle between the knees
14:41The uniform
14:41And the armament intact
14:43They didn't even try
14:45To use the mask
14:46A tangle of corpses
14:48Bruised faces
14:50These yes
14:51What they meant
14:52The blowing of gas cylinders
14:54He finds out like this
14:56The effect of that gas
14:57The 22-year-old Austrian lieutenant
14:59Fritz Weber
15:00When it comes into contact
15:01With the Italian front lines
15:03Near Caporetto
15:04Among all the war novelties
15:06Of the First World War
15:07That of chemical weapons
15:09It is perhaps the most terrible
15:10The armies
15:12Which are found in this case
15:13To defend himself from a weapon never seen before
15:15They don't know how to behave
15:17Because they don't know it
15:19Nor identify as such
15:21Nor do they possess effective countermeasures
15:24Which gas masks
15:26Which then as we know
15:27They will be developed later
15:31That weapon never seen before
15:33It is used for the first time
15:34In the spring of 1915
15:37From the German Army
15:38Near the Belgian town
15:40Ipre
15:40From that moment on
15:42That gas
15:42It will be known to all as Mustard Gas
15:44It's the latest scientific discovery
15:48In times of peace
15:50Scientists belong to the world
15:52In times of war
15:53They belong to their country
15:55He once told Fritz Haber
15:56The father of mustard gas
15:58German chemist
15:59Even awarded the Nobel Prize
16:01In 1918
16:02For amazing results
16:04Of his research
16:06Haber had developed
16:08A new method
16:08To synthesize ammonia
16:10It looked like a normal chemical research
16:13To create fertilizers
16:14Low cost
16:15But then Haber
16:16He had convinced the General Staff
16:18To experience the results
16:19Of his research
16:20On the battlefields
16:21Of the Great War
16:22And the results
16:24They had been truly devastating.
16:26So from there
16:28A chase begins
16:29To a new weapon
16:31To produce precisely
16:32Chemical mixtures
16:34Chemical aggressors
16:35More and more benefits
16:36More and more lethal
16:37And above all
16:38Faster and faster
16:39To kill
16:40The soldiers
16:41Nested
16:42In the trenches
16:43In hope
16:45To finally be able to
16:46Resuming the war of movement
16:49Green Cross
16:50They are the bullets
16:52Loaded with phosgene
16:53Blue cross
16:54Those loaded
16:55With arsine
16:56While the mustard gas
16:57Among the soldiers
16:58And the mustard gas
17:00For its smell
17:01Pungent and sharp
17:02You die of asphyxiation
17:04Why to be hit
17:06They are the respiratory tract
17:07But those gases
17:09They are also vesicular
17:10They penetrate the skin
17:12They impregnate the fabrics
17:13They kill with inexorable slowness
17:16However, they are difficult to manage.
17:18At a tactical level
17:20They need the wind in their favor
17:22To be clear
17:23Pushed to the enemy trenches
17:25They need certain levels
17:28Of temperature
17:28And humidity
17:30And last but not least
17:31They are also very dangerous to handle.
17:34The first gas masks
17:36They are rudimentary
17:37Not very effective
17:39Like the ones available
17:40Some Italians at Caporetto
17:42Ours does not protect
17:44Put on the handkerchief
17:45Folded in four doubles
17:47He advised the Italian soldiers
17:48A bademecum
17:49After that failure
17:52The Royal Army
17:53Will adopt a new one
17:54And more efficient model
17:55Of respirator
17:56Made in England
17:58The Italian recovery
18:00After Caporetto
18:01It will start from here too
18:09If that war hadn't been enough
18:11Nicknamed big
18:12For all its scary features
18:15In the end
18:16To give the final blow
18:17A great influence thought about it
18:19From 1918 to 1920
18:22It killed tens of millions of people
18:24All over the world
18:25In Europe
18:26More than 10 million
18:28Annihilated by war
18:29Its virus in the old continent
18:32He had arrived there following
18:33Of the US troops
18:34It had spread
18:36Among those soldiers
18:37That the Yankees
18:37They had come to help
18:39On the Western Front
18:40And then
18:41It had spread everywhere
18:42But nobody
18:43Of the belligerent countries
18:45He could talk about it
18:46A pandemic
18:47Of those proportions
18:48It would have destroyed
18:49The morale of the population
18:50Already folded
18:51From three years of war
18:52The great influence
18:54It's the only thing
18:55Of the Great War
18:56Referable to Spain
18:58Why in neutral Spain?
19:00The newspapers
19:00They had been able to
19:01Start talking
19:02Of that plague
19:03Who was wandering around Europe
19:05And that since then
19:06For everyone
19:06It's the Spanish one
19:08It could have caused
19:10According to estimates
19:1150 million victims
19:12All over the world
19:13In Italy
19:14500 thousand
19:21It almost started
19:23By chance
19:24A little before Christmas
19:25Of 57
19:27You can see the moment
19:28That my grandmother
19:29It felt
19:30This weight inside
19:31The story about the grandfather
19:33Why
19:33With a little girl
19:35Ten years old
19:36She was freer
19:37In the expulsion
19:39Probably
19:39I took it out
19:40These letters
19:41We started
19:42Very quietly
19:42She read a little
19:43I read a little
19:45Why
19:45I'm suffering from heart disease
19:46He was getting tired
19:47Enough
19:48So for me
19:50I lived it
19:51Like a true fairy tale
19:52This is not a story
19:54War
19:55It's a story
19:56Of time
19:58Of the war
19:58Giuseppe Minetto
20:00Pine
20:01From Roncoscrivia
20:02Ligurian Apennines
20:03Behind
20:04From Genoa
20:04He was a farmer
20:06Mason
20:07He is recalled
20:08At 27 years old
20:09In January 1918
20:11They don't send him to the front
20:14But in Emilia
20:15At home
20:17He leaves his wife
20:18Two small children
20:19And one coming soon
20:22Dearest wives
20:23We are soldiers now
20:25And if you saw me
20:26What a beautiful effect
20:27He makes me the military uniform
20:28I look like a born general
20:30What more do you want?
20:32Little effort
20:32Well fed
20:33Ever more daring
20:34Become your husband
20:35Say hello to my father for me
20:37My mother
20:38Brothers and sisters
20:39Brothers-in-law and children
20:40Lots of kisses to Gino and Agnese
20:42Tell them to be good
20:44To you
20:44Lots of kisses
20:45From your husband
20:47Dear Pino
20:48April 25th
20:50It's the birthday
20:51Of our wedding
20:52How many things have happened
20:54In these short years
20:55I never imagined again
20:57In April 1914
20:58May the whole world
21:00He would have gone to meet
21:02To a war
21:02That for us
21:03It's not possible
21:04Understanding which one
21:05Let it be his purpose
21:06They were talking to each other a little
21:08Both of home life
21:10That she
21:10My grandmother used to grow
21:11The silkworms
21:13But that though
21:14They didn't pay her well
21:15In short
21:15All the
21:16She told her
21:17Everything that happened
21:18Or I can't do the garden
21:20Why does it keep raining?
21:21Continuously
21:22And suddenly
21:24And suddenly
21:50A voice that revives
21:51The hopes
21:52For the subscription
22:22To the whole
22:22This week
22:24This week
22:24There are more than a hundred families
22:25All with Spanish flu
22:27But don't you be afraid of me
22:29You know that we
22:30You have to smoke a lot of cigars
22:31But you have to buy them
22:33With our money
22:34The superiors
22:35They're just good at saying
22:36You smoke a lot
22:39Armistice
22:39November 4th
22:40In the barracks
22:41Everyone's happy and content
22:43The soldiers are celebrating
22:45And they imagine
22:47That within a few days
22:48Everyone can return home
22:50Everyone goes home
22:52Less them
22:54They have nothing left to eat
22:55They have nothing
22:56They have nothing to live for
22:58The population
22:59In the blackest misery
23:01And he
23:02Unfortunately
23:03His destiny is that
23:05Joseph Minetto
23:06He will be hospitalized
23:07At the end of December
23:09He dies in hospital
23:10Of Spanish flu
23:12A few days later
23:14The beginning of the new year
23:16He was sent
23:18To do this service
23:20In the rear
23:21Why
23:22The person
23:25On the list
23:26To be enlisted
23:28Before him
23:28He gave away
23:29A sack of wheat
23:32To whom
23:34He was enlisting
23:35To the clerk
23:37To this service
23:39For a sack of wheat
23:45And up through Galicia
23:47And down the Carpathians
23:48Clown costumes
23:50Clown costumes
23:51We'll have to march
23:52Unfortunately
23:53I am not able
23:54To recite them in dialect
23:55The verses of this
23:57Little song
23:57That some soldiers
23:58They sang on the Eastern Front
24:00In the first few months
24:01Of the Great War
24:01They were the soldiers
24:03Of the 97th Infantry Regiment
24:06Of the Austro-Hungarian Army
24:08The one nicknamed
24:10Demogel
24:10That is to say
24:11Let's give ourselves legs
24:12Let's run away
24:13The regiment
24:14Of the Triestines
24:15Let's recap
24:17War breaks out
24:18July 28th
24:19From a hundred years ago
24:20The Austro-Hungarian Empire
24:22He declares it
24:23To Serbia
24:24And a few days later
24:25August 6th
24:26Russia also declared it
24:27As Germany had already done
24:29At the beginning of the month
24:30In December
24:32Russia
24:32He will have it in his hands
24:34More than one hundred thousand
24:35Austro-Hungarian prisoners
24:36Among them
24:37Triestini
24:38Trentini
24:39Friulians
24:39They are all subjects
24:41By Franz Joseph
24:42They fought in Galicia
24:44With many losses
24:45On that terrible eastern front
24:47In those months
24:48Italy
24:49It's still neutral
24:50They
24:51Italians
24:52They will only become
24:53After the end of the war
25:02My maternal grandmother
25:05Who was a wife
25:06By an Italian official
25:08Austrian police
25:09Speaking of World War I
25:12He said
25:12The war we lost
25:14I went to elementary school
25:16I had a teacher
25:17That in his youth
25:18He had been the Redentist
25:19What was he saying?
25:19The war we won
25:21It was the same thing
25:22But seen from the right
25:24And from the left
25:25And this can help to understand
25:27Even the complexity
25:28About this story
25:33The complex story
25:34The story of a memory
25:36Still divided today
25:37It's the one in Trieste
25:38In 1914
25:39A fundamental city
25:42For the Habsburgs
25:44At the end of June
25:45The people of Trieste welcome
25:47The people of Trieste welcome
25:47With trepidation
25:48And disbelief
25:49The news
25:50Of the assassination
25:50By Franz Ferdinand
25:52And his wife
25:53The coffin
25:54It will just pass
25:55From their city
25:56On his sad journey
25:58Towards Vienna
26:00Trieste in those years
26:02It's nothing else
26:03What a plot
26:03Of different ethnicities
26:04Slovenians
26:05Serbs
26:06Italians
26:07In addition to
26:07Jews
26:08And Greeks
26:09Each of these
26:10Look at the monarchy
26:12Habsburg
26:12With respect
26:13And devotion
26:14Only Italians
26:16And not all of them
26:17They had other ideas
26:19Still at the beginning
26:21Of the twentieth century
26:22Of real ones
26:22Irredentists
26:24In Trieste
26:24There was perhaps some
26:25The one
26:26The two
26:27Per cent
26:28The overwhelming
26:29Majority
26:30Or was it?
26:30Indifferent
26:32Or was it?
26:32Especially
26:34In the world
26:35Popular
26:36In the proletariat
26:38Era
26:38Orientation
26:40Row
26:41Austrian
26:41Habsburg
26:42From pain
26:45From the emotion
26:46To the mobilization
26:47General
26:47The step is short
26:48In a few weeks
26:50Thousands of Italians
26:51Maybe 25,000
26:53They are sent
26:54To fight
26:55In Galicia
26:56Only a thousand
26:57Of Trieste people
26:58Irredentists
26:59They flee to Italy
27:00Where
27:01They will enlist
27:02In the royal army
27:03187
27:05They will die
27:05From Italians
27:06And among them
27:07Scipio
27:08Slataper
27:09And Carlo
27:10Stuparic
27:11The others
27:13Triestini
27:14They leave
27:14En masse
27:15Among the ranks
27:16Of the army
27:17Habsburg
27:20When in May
27:21From 1915
27:22Italy
27:23Enter the war
27:24Against Austria
27:25Alongside
27:25Of the powers
27:26Of the agreement
27:27The Italians
27:28In Trieste
27:28I am an object
27:29Of violence
27:30And of persecutions
27:31It is destroyed
27:32The monument
27:33To Giuseppe Verdi
27:34The headquarters was devastated
27:35From the newspaper
27:36The Little One
27:37Who is suspected?
27:38Of sympathies
27:39Irredentists
27:40He is deported
27:41In the fields
27:42Of concentration
27:42Or mandate
27:44In prison
27:46Meanwhile
27:47The soldiers
27:48Triestini
27:48In Galicia
27:49They continue
27:50To fight
27:51On the terrible
27:51Russian front
27:52The exchange
27:54Correspondence
27:55Between Gotthard
27:56And the sister
27:57Emilia
27:58It reminds us
27:59The hardness
27:59Of that experience
28:01Dear Emilia
28:03I repeat to you
28:03That there is no danger
28:05When I was injured
28:07I tried in the arm
28:08Like a big shock absorber
28:09I felt it flowing on my hand
28:11Hot stuff
28:12And I understood
28:13That was blood
28:14On the way back
28:15In place
28:16Of dressing
28:16I passed through a trench
28:18Shallow
28:19It had to be done
28:20Acrobats' jumps
28:21Because I don't know
28:22If they were on the ground
28:23Dead or injured
28:25But everyone
28:25They were placed
28:26Like sardines
28:30And again
28:31Two months later
28:32My dear Emilia
28:34Here I am with you
28:35Let's pretend
28:36Of being at our home
28:37And to chat
28:38About our things
28:39Today
28:40Received late
28:41Your dear letter
28:43Where you reminded me
28:44The anniversary
28:45Of the day
28:45More important
28:46Of your life
28:47On that day
28:48It was not thought
28:49No
28:50To what it would be
28:51Still come
28:58Gotthard the war
28:59She does it all
29:00From Austrian
29:02But to the hardships
29:03Of the war
29:03Survives
29:04When will he return?
29:06Nothing will ever be the same again
29:08The First World War
29:09It marks a new beginning
29:11For Trieste
29:12Thousands and thousands
29:13Of Italians
29:14That with him
29:15They are the majority
29:16Of the inhabitants
29:17After the unspeakable
29:18Sufferings
29:19Suffered on the Eastern Fronts
29:21After the hunger
29:22And poverty
29:23Suffered by women
29:24And from the children
29:25Stayed in the city
29:26They will earn
29:27With difficulty
29:28And it's hard work
29:29Your membership
29:30To the Kingdom of Italy
29:32Willingly or not
29:33The grandparents
29:35Oh great-grandparents
29:35Of many Triestini
29:36Current
29:37They fought
29:38They suffered
29:39And they died
29:41Under the flag
29:42With the double-headed eagle
29:44The Burgundian flag
29:54Those soldiers
29:55Of the 97th
29:56Infantry
29:57They died
29:57Without a gravestone
29:58Fascism
30:00He hid their history
30:01Why couldn't he?
30:02Tolerate
30:02What Italians
30:03Had they fought
30:04Against other Italians
30:05And it's also made of this
30:07The Great War
30:08Divided memories
30:09Hidden truths
30:10Honors
30:11Postoli
30:12One hundred years
30:13Of stories
30:14Of the Great War
30:15And we
30:15We will continue
30:16To tell you about them
30:17Until we meet again
30:46To tell you about them
30:49Tim
30:49Update
30:50Slim
30:50Fren
30:50From
30:50You
30:50You
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