- 14 hours ago
Le plus grand iceberg du monde s'est détaché et dérive à travers l'Atlantique. Un immense trou océanique au Belize montre des motifs inhabituels dans l'eau. Les deux événements révèlent l'immense pouvoir de la nature et les façons inattendues dont elle peut affecter les océans et les écosystèmes. Les scientifiques étudient ces phénomènes pour comprendre leur impact et leurs éventuels liens avec le changement climatique. Ces occurrences rares mettent en lumière tout ce que nous ignorons encore sur les environnements extrêmes de la Terre. Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00The walls are completely destroyed.
00:02The big trees are on the ground.
00:04The electric lines clacquen
00:06and the streets are in obscurity.
00:08The streets are completely destroyed.
00:10The houses are completely destroyed.
00:12A hurricane has passed.
00:14But it is only when the wind falls,
00:16the chaos is installed.
00:17People are blocked.
00:18There is no waterfront.
00:20The roads are destroyed.
00:22The tempest has intensified since about 5700 years.
00:26But the most terrifying thing
00:27is that there is an enormous increase
00:29these 20 years.
00:31But let's start with the first.
00:34Here is the Belize.
00:35A small country of the north-east
00:37of Central America.
00:39And here is the Great Trouble.
00:42A large sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea
00:47sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea sea.
00:50It s'est formed il y a environ 10.000 ans
00:52Lorsque le niveau de la mer a augmenté
00:54à la fin de la dernière période glacière.
00:57Une équipe de scientifiques s'est rendue en Amérique centrale
01:00pour étudier la boue provenant des profondeurs du Grand Troubleux.
01:03Ils ont extrait un long échantillon de sédiments.
01:07Essentiellement constitué de couches accumulée au fil du temps.
01:10Vous vous demandez sans doute.
01:11Et alors?
01:12Quel rapport entre ces sédiments et les tempêtes tropicales ?
01:16Et bien les cyclones tropicaux sont de grandes tempêtes tournoyées.
01:19They absorb the heat of the sea and the sea, in a way, in a way, in the sky.
01:27And they can be devastating.
01:29They are extremely powerful winds,
01:31high precipitation and the rain.
01:34And the sedimentary carotters,
01:36like the researchers planted,
01:38preserve the memory of tropical temp.
01:41Their echantillons measured 30 meters long,
01:43the longest ever extracted in this region.
01:46Here is how it works.
01:47Each year, two layers of sediment
01:50when the rain is calm.
01:53But when a big storm arrives,
01:56it leaves after its passage a very different layer.
01:59And so, in examining these layers,
02:01scientists can determine how many of the temperatures
02:04hit this place over the last 5700 years.
02:07It's like counting the cernes of an arbre.
02:10You see?
02:11And what they discovered was quite unexpected.
02:14It's obvious that the tropical cyclones tropicaux
02:17became more frequent.
02:19The researcher said that since 6,000 years,
02:22there were, in general,
02:24between 4 and 16 tropical tropicals
02:25or hurricanes every 100 years.
02:27But in the last 20 years,
02:29they found traces of 9 tempêtes
02:31in this same small region.
02:32It's much more than usual.
02:34And this shows how things change.
02:36The scientists think
02:38there are two main reasons
02:39to this increase the frequency
02:41of the tropical frequency.
02:42One of the reasons would be
02:44to what we call
02:45the Zone of Convergence Intertropical
02:47or ZCIT.
02:49It's a area close to the equator
02:51where the winds of the north and south
02:53meet.
02:54This place has a low pressure
02:56atmospheric pressure,
02:57a lot of humidity
02:58and many storms.
02:59Just above is the part
03:01of the Atlantic Ocean
03:02where most of the hurricanes
03:03are the most of the hurricanes.
03:05We call it even officially
03:06as the main region of development
03:08of the hurricanes.
03:10Normally,
03:11the ZCIT
03:12is moving towards the north
03:13in summer
03:13and towards the south
03:15in the summer
03:15because of the changes
03:16of the ocean.
03:17But over the several
03:19thousand years
03:20it is slowly
03:21and progressively
03:22moving towards the south.
03:24That's why
03:24the zone
03:25where the tempest
03:26usually is also
03:27moving towards the south.
03:29This means
03:29that the hurricanes
03:30are now forming
03:30and then heading
03:32towards the lower regions
03:33of the Atlantic.
03:34The second reason
03:36of the recent
03:36increase
03:36of the tempest
03:37is the increase
03:38of the ocean.
03:40The Earth
03:41has changed
03:41and the ocean
03:42and the ocean
03:44will contribute
03:45to the formation
03:46of the more powerful
03:47storms.
03:47This increase
03:48probably means
03:49that this region
03:50will likely be
03:51a number
03:51much more important
03:52of big storms.
03:55If things continue
03:55like this,
03:57scientists think
03:58that the Caraïbes
03:59could be struck
03:59by about 45
04:01tropical storms
04:02and hurricanes
04:03until the end of this century.
04:05It's much more
04:06than what the world
04:07has known
04:07over the past 5 or 700
04:08years.
04:10And the developments
04:11are simply
04:12too many
04:12so that the situation
04:13will remain
04:14under control.
04:15These changes
04:16are the ideal conditions
04:17for the formation
04:18of more intense
04:19and very quickly.
04:21You think
04:22that the intensity
04:23of the tempest
04:23increase only
04:24above the ocean?
04:25Let me talk about
04:27the America.
04:27A series
04:28of meteorological phenomena
04:29extremely dangerous
04:30accompanied
04:31of tornadoes,
04:32of sable
04:33and of forest fires
04:34has been
04:35on several states
04:36in the Midwest
04:36and the South
04:37in March 2025.
04:39At least 42 people
04:41lost their life
04:42and the vast majority
04:43of the devastation
04:43was immense.
04:45What is frightening
04:46is that this catastrophe
04:48has not been
04:48in the usual zone
04:50the area
04:51of tornadoes.
04:52The tornadoes
04:54is the name
04:54given to a region
04:55of the United States
04:56where tornadoes
04:57are very frequent.
04:58They cross the north
04:59of Texas,
05:00Oklahoma,
05:01Kansas,
05:02Missouri,
05:03a part of
05:04Louisiana,
05:04Iowa,
05:05Nebraska
05:06and even
05:06the east
05:07Colorado.
05:08But this time,
05:10the Mississippi,
05:11the Arkansas
05:11and Alabama
05:12have been touched.
05:14The experts
05:14have been warned
05:15that this could happen.
05:17At the beginning
05:17of the year 2025,
05:19they have declared
05:20that the tornadoes
05:21would have
05:21probably more
05:23to the east
05:23than usual.
05:24And that's exactly
05:25what happened.
05:27One of their main experts
05:29in meteorology
05:30said
05:30that the inhabitants
05:31of the Mississippi
05:32and the Tennessee
05:33have been prepared
05:34to a difficult time.
05:36More people live
05:37in these regions
05:37than in the areas
05:38where the tornadoes
05:39are produced traditionally.
05:41And a large number
05:42of these people
05:42live in mobile houses
05:44or buildings
05:44that are still exposed
05:46even more
05:47when big storms
05:49arrive.
05:50A tornadoes
05:50is a very violent wind
05:53that takes birth
05:54on the base
05:54of a stormy
05:55and hits the ground.
05:56They can be really
05:58dangerous.
05:58To determine
05:59the force of a tornado,
06:00scientists use
06:02the FUJITA.
06:04She goes
06:05from EF0
06:05which represents
06:06the most weak tornadoes
06:08to EF5.
06:09A tornadoes
06:10of this force
06:11is incredibly powerful,
06:13enough to destroy
06:14a house.
06:15The main question
06:16is the next question.
06:17Why are the tornadoes
06:19producing now
06:19more in the east?
06:20United States,
06:22the season of tornadoes
06:23begins generally
06:23in March.
06:24It's at this time
06:25that the cold air
06:26of Canada
06:27meets the cold air
06:28and humid
06:29from the Gulf of Mexico.
06:31And boom!
06:32The storms begin
06:33to form.
06:34But this year
06:35the things
06:36are a little different.
06:37Here is what
06:38it is.
06:38A vast
06:39high pressure zone
06:41essentially a mass
06:42of cold air
06:42and cold
06:43on the west.
06:45So,
06:46the conditions
06:46are quite stable
06:47to the west
06:48where we expect
06:49less rain
06:49and therefore
06:50more tornadoes.
06:51But the tornadoes
06:53are moving
06:53to the east.
06:54In the meantime,
06:56it is important
06:56that the Gulf of Mexico
06:57is exceptionally
06:58hot this year,
06:59which facilitates
07:00the formation of
07:01storms in the east
07:02of the United States.
07:03The cold air inject
07:04a lot of energy
07:05in the atmosphere,
07:06which can cause
07:07more frequent
07:08storms in the Mississippi,
07:10the Alabama
07:11and the Tennessee.
07:12More north,
07:13around the Great Lakes
07:14and in the north-est,
07:16it is more cold
07:16this springtime.
07:17The result is
07:18that there is less
07:19of big storms
07:19there,
07:20at least for the moment.
07:22Let's go now
07:23to the devastating
07:23storms of Mars.
07:25The 14th and 15th
07:26of March,
07:27a huge stormy system
07:28has fallen
07:29on some regions
07:30of the center
07:31and south of the United States.
07:32This system
07:33has caused
07:3352 tornadoes
07:35confirmed,
07:35massive storms
07:36and fires
07:37of forest
07:38very quickly.
07:39In total,
07:41about 1 100 vols
07:42have been annihilated.
07:43About 150 millions
07:45of people
07:45have been affected
07:46by this natural disaster.
07:49Two strong tornadoes
07:50really powerful
07:51classed EF4
07:52have hit the Arkansas.
07:54The damage
07:55have been incredible.
07:57One of these tornadoes
07:58which hit the city
07:59of Diaz
08:00had to go up
08:01to 305 km per hour.
08:03It is extremely fast.
08:05In terms of comparison,
08:07the average speed
08:08of a Formula 1
08:08is between 209
08:10and 257 km per hour.
08:13It was the first time
08:14in more than 25 years
08:15that the Arkansas
08:16were hit by two EF4
08:17the same day.
08:19The experts
08:19have also recorded
08:20waves
08:21over 128 km per hour
08:23in the Grandes Plaines
08:24of the South.
08:25In Texas,
08:26the snowstorms
08:27have caused
08:28accidents of car accidents
08:29with fatal consequences.
08:32The fires
08:32of the forest
08:33caused and
08:34the violence
08:35of the wind
08:35have ravaged
08:36parts of Texas
08:37and Oklahoma.
08:38There were more
08:39than 130 incidents
08:40in the only state
08:41of Oklahoma.
08:42Well,
08:43that is
08:43the future.
08:45The experts
08:45think that the United States
08:47could be
08:47between 1300
08:48and 1450
08:50tornadoes
08:50in 2025,
08:51so much more than
08:53the 1225
08:54habitually.
08:55And it is not
08:56only the tornadoes.
08:57The atmosphere
08:57more cold
08:58contains generally
08:59more humidity.
09:01It causes
09:01more abundance,
09:03more floods
09:04and even
09:05more powerful
09:06storms.
09:07In general,
09:08the formula
09:08is the following.
09:10Océans
09:10plus
09:10air
09:10plus
09:12temps
09:12orageux
09:14especially
09:14east
09:14and east
09:16And even
09:17if you don't live
09:17in one of these regions,
09:19nothing tells you
09:19that you don't have
09:20an ennui.
09:21The experts
09:21affirm that the tornadoes
09:22and other
09:23natural disasters
09:23can occur a little
09:25everywhere.
09:26The risk
09:27depends on the period
09:28of the year
09:29and the meteorological conditions.
09:3280% of what
09:33is located
09:34in the ocean
09:35is still hidden.
09:36The reason
09:37is that the ocean
09:38covers 70%
09:39of the surface
09:40of the planet
09:40and that we have
09:41so far
09:43we can see
09:45about 5 kilometers
09:46in the ocean.
09:49It is not
09:50so surprising
09:50that our recent
09:51discoveries
09:51in terms of
09:53fauna and flora
09:54come from the ocean.
09:55There are still
09:56many things
09:57to explore.
09:58For example,
09:58this new species
09:59called squalus
10:00Clarkae.
10:01Or,
10:01the most long animal
10:02ever discovered,
10:04a méduse
10:04of 47 meters
10:05along
10:05in Australia.
10:06the most recent
10:06we were found
10:06a little bit
10:07this year
10:08in Australia.
10:11In the Arctic
10:13and Antarctica,
10:14a phenomenon
10:15strange
10:15has been found
10:16and has been
10:17concerned.
10:18It is a
10:19fleur of
10:21in the ocean
10:21just
10:22in the ocean.
10:25The river
10:25pushes
10:26on the long
10:26of the ocean
10:27to the surface
10:29of the sea.
10:31But the
10:32fleurs of the river
10:32are not only
10:33composed of
10:34water,
10:34they contain
10:34a variety
10:35of microorganisms,
10:36which makes
10:37small ecosystems
10:39temporary.
10:41And you must know
10:42that the volcanoes
10:43are not only
10:44on the surface
10:45visible
10:45of the Earth.
10:46The volcanoes
10:46of the sea
10:47are also
10:47as perturbative
10:48for the
10:48sea.
10:50The ocean
10:51would have
10:54the most active
10:54volcanoes
10:55the most active
10:55of the planet.
10:57Most of them
10:58are at
10:592600 meters
11:00under the surface.
11:03The Maelstrom,
11:04which are
11:05powerful and
11:06sometimes dangerous
11:07are still today
11:08a disaster
11:09for many
11:10marines.
11:10What distinguishes
11:12from other
11:12the other
11:12tourbillons,
11:13it is
11:14its taille
11:14and its
11:15extraordinary
11:15its violence
11:18is
11:18that it can
11:19even
11:20even
11:20big
11:20ships.
11:23One of the most
11:24famous
11:25of them
11:25is the
11:25tourbillons
11:26of Naruto.
11:27It is
11:27near the
11:28island of
11:28the
11:28sea
11:30of
11:30the
11:32Titanic
11:39is
11:39and
11:39icebergs
11:40famous.
11:43Well,
11:44these icebergs
11:45have even
11:45colors.
11:47They can be
11:48brown,
11:49white,
11:52white,
11:54white,
11:54white,
12:05white.
12:05the
12:06and
12:06the
12:07the
12:07sea
12:07and
12:08the
12:08of
12:08the
12:08ocean
12:08from
12:09the
12:09sea
12:13of
12:13the
12:13sea
12:14For example, the sediment that the water of the river amass, which they get.
12:18In March 2019, scientists were found on one of the phenomena
12:22the most concerning ever observed in the sea.
12:26During the exploration of a volcano marine,
12:29they saw what looked like a small lake, and which was at the opposite.
12:34It was at at about 1980 m sous the surface.
12:38If you say that it doesn't make sense, you're right.
12:41It's in fact not real.
12:43It seems that it was nothing more than an illusion of optics
12:46produced by the fluid contained in its bassins.
12:50This fluid can reach a temperature of 160 degrees
12:53and it is composed of substances chimics very nocives,
12:56of the sulfur and the metals, for example,
12:58which makes the illusion possible.
13:00The most big earthquake of the world is also found sous the water.
13:04It is located in Denmark, in a area located between the Island and the Groenland.
13:10If it was suddenly pushed out of the fish, and that you plonged without problem to respirate
13:15sous the water, you could see a series of cascades that commence at 610 m sous the surface
13:20and descend jusqu'à a deep depth of 3050 m.
13:25In 2011, the traders of treasures suédois have discovered, at the bottom of the river Baltic,
13:30an object that they have described as strange and mysterious.
13:35It is of shape oval, with a structure in escalier very surprising.
13:39The team chief, having done the discovery, has even affirmed that it had to be built
13:43there were dozens of thousands of years ago, even before the air glaciaire,
13:46and that it would have been part of the mythic city sous-marine of the Atlantide.
13:50The experts who analyzed the object think, as to them,
13:53that it is an ordinary place of a glacier or an ordinary place,
13:56or an ordinary formation, but they are still not certain.
14:01The Black Sea is not known as such as,
14:04located in the south-west of Europe,
14:06it is even a kind of fumet,
14:09but it is actually a source of smoke,
14:10and the water is still on top of the sea.
14:12This is because of the humidity.
14:15It is because of the humidity.
14:16It is because of the coldness.
14:16It is because of the coldness.
14:16which is the most frais that fall to the surface of the water,
14:18creating this phenomenon so particular.
14:22If you look at a day,
14:24the surface of the ocean,
14:25during the bed and the sun,
14:27you will have a chance of seeing the sun.
14:30But you will have to be careful,
14:32because it will only take a few seconds.
14:34They are because of the natural atmosphere of the Earth.
14:39At the time of the bed and the sun,
14:40the light that comes from our astre is derived in several colors.
14:45And this phenomenon gives the impression
14:47that it is the water that emet a flash of light.
14:50The red red red is very often.
14:52And even if there is no place to panic when you see one,
14:56you have to be careful.
14:58The technical term for this phenomenon is efflorescence algal.
15:01It is produced when there is a rapid growth
15:03or a rapid flow of the algues in the ocean.
15:06Because of the chemical substances that these algues contain,
15:09this can be a problem for the animals and mammals,
15:12including humans.
15:13So don't be afraid to go to the water if you see it.
15:17The pyvres and the calamars have a particularity
15:21which distinguishes from other marine creatures.
15:23They have three cores.
15:25The Saint-Valentin is very special for them.
15:28This does not make them much more romantic,
15:31but they need these three cores to live normal.
15:34They have first a main core,
15:36which allows the circulation of the blood in all their bodies,
15:38and then two cores branchiaux responsables of the circulation
15:41at the level of the branchies.
15:43With these three cores and eight arms,
15:45when the pyvre will make a smile,
15:47you will know that she is very sincere.
15:50According to a study published in 2013,
15:53the dolphins used names to call between them,
15:56particularly the big dolphins.
15:57They use, like humans with names,
15:59the names of specific names.
16:01Not only they learn to give up in a way to present
16:04to other dolphins,
16:05but they can also learn their names,
16:08which allows them to better communicate between them.
16:11In the depths of the Pacific Ocean,
16:13there is a strange baleine chanteuse.
16:15The scientists have not yet managed to make a mystery.
16:19They call it the baleine the most solitary,
16:21because it emet sounds at a high level
16:23that all the other blue baleines that they have studied.
16:26But no one has ever seen it.
16:28The researchers think that their way of chanting
16:30is strange,
16:31it may be perhaps to find a partner.
16:35Oh...
16:35The blue baleines have also a particular thing.
16:38Their coer makes more than 1,50 m long.
16:41It is also about 1,20 m wide
16:43and can be more than 180 kilos.
16:46For comparison,
16:48your coer is about the size of your feet,
16:50so it is quite small.
16:53We are already intimidated by the marine creatures,
16:56but imagine that,
16:59they push the monkeys thousands of them.
17:01And not only 1,000 or 1,000,
17:03they push them up to 30,000 dents
17:06during their lives,
17:06to be precise.
17:08Yes,
17:08their dentists have a beautiful cars.
17:11We learn every day.
17:12The scientists have not yet identified
17:14any creatures on earth capable
17:16of living eternally.
17:17But it seems that this is on the point of changing.
17:20One small,
17:21even smaller,
17:23even smaller,
17:23even smaller than the little bit of your little
17:24doigt,
17:24is the incarnation of the living
17:27Benjamin Button.
17:29In fact,
17:30she would be able to return
17:31to an early development
17:32until she is in danger
17:34or when she is extremely affamée
17:36and at court of nourishment.
17:38It is not a surprise
17:38that we call it
17:39the Méduse Immortelle.
17:43We know this species
17:44for hundreds of years,
17:45but it has been to wait
17:47for the years 1990
17:48to discover its unique characteristics.
17:51We do not know
17:52how it is capable
17:53to produce cells
17:54which regressent
17:55and regenerate,
17:55but it could be possible
17:57that they have a secret
17:57susceptible to contribute
17:59to the medicine
18:00both for animals
18:01as for humans.
18:02The End
18:03The End
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