- vor 21 Minuten
On 28 July 2010, Airblue Flight 202 crashes into the Margalla Hills while attempting to land at Benazir Bhutto International Airport in poor weather conditions, killing all 152 people on board. The crash was caused by the pilots' errors in judgement and lack of professionalism.
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00:06Controllers in Islamabad watch as Air Blue Flight 202 head straight towards a massive hill.
00:12He's not turning.
00:18They issue urgent warnings.
00:20Turn left immediately.
00:21But fail to prevent a disaster.
00:23Marine, they're going down!
00:32It's the worst accident in Pakistan's aviation history.
00:39When investigators listen to the CVR, they hear the pilots realise they're in danger.
00:44Terrain, sir!
00:47Took steps to avoid it.
00:49Turning left.
00:51But were unable to save the lives of 152 people.
00:56Why aren't we turning left?
00:58The crew knew what they had to do.
01:01They had reported that they were doing what they were supposed to do.
01:05And yet, the aircraft continued to fly in the wrong direction.
01:10D-D, D-D!
01:34Air Blue Flight 202 begins its early morning descent towards Islamabad, Pakistan.
01:45There are 146 passengers and 6 crew on board the Airbus A321.
01:56Air Blue 202, expect arrival to ILS runway 30, followed by circling approach to land runway 12.
02:03No.
02:03Understood.
02:04It will be ILS down to Minima and then left-down wind.
02:09Okay.
02:12Captain Parvez Chowdhury is one of the airline's most experienced pilots.
02:18Najam Qureshi is a former Air Blue pilot who flew with Captain Chowdhury.
02:24Captain Chaudhary had a lifetime of experience flying with the Pakistan International airline.
02:29He had a very successful carrier, and he was pretty much approaching the end of his carrier.
02:35Air Blue 202 clear to 3900, wireless approach to runway 30, followed by circling approach to land on 1-2.
02:42First officer Syed Ahmed has less commercial experience.
02:46He's a former F-16 fighter pilot and squadron leader in Pakistan's Air Force.
02:53Air Blue 202 clear to 3900 for ILS 230, clear to descend to 3900.
03:06He had about 300,000 the type, so just brand new, learning the differences between the A-4s flying and
03:13the commercial flying.
03:16Pakistan's capital Islamabad is a city of more than 800,000 people.
03:21It's surrounded by the Himalayan foothills to the north and northeast.
03:29The mountainous terrain means the only approach to Islamabad's runway is from the south.
03:36Due to the wind direction today, planes are landing on runway 1-2.
03:41They must circle the airport and make a visual approach to the other end of the runway.
03:49It is always safer to land with a headwind as compared to a tailwind.
03:54When the winds change beyond a certain limit, the air traffic controller will switch the runways.
03:59That will ensure the plane lands in a headwind.
04:05Thick clouds envelop the airport, making landings difficult.
04:10China Southern is going around and diverting back to Urumqi.
04:14China Southern confirming, diverting back to Urumqi.
04:18Attention all landing aircraft.
04:20China Southern is diverting due to weather.
04:24If at any point you lose sight of the airfield, you should abandon the approach completely and carry out the
04:32missed approach procedure.
04:36Flight 202 is now less than 10 minutes from landing.
04:46Gear down.
04:51Gear down.
04:55The plane reaches the minimum altitude to which the pilots can descend without the runway in sight.
05:03As soon as you see the runway, you turn right, and then after that you're supposed to keep the runway
05:08in sight.
05:10Commencing right turn, heading 352.
05:15Call it in.
05:18Air Blue 202 maintaining 2500 and turning right, heading 352.
05:25Air Blue 202 confirming at 2500, turning right, heading 352.
05:36Captain Chowdhury initiates the first turn of the circling approach.
05:41Air Blue 202, continue on the circle for landing on runway 12.
05:45Air Blue 202.
05:46Caution low clouds and visibility, maintain visual with the airport.
05:52Even in the poor weather, it is up to the pilots to decide whether they should continue the approach or
05:57not, depending whether they have the runway in sight.
06:04The controller expects to see the lights of the Airbus as it flies past the airfield.
06:17Radar, I can't see Air Blue 202.
06:19What's his current location, please?
06:21He's approaching the no-fly zone north of the airfield.
06:24Instruct him to turn left immediately.
06:29Flight 202 is much further north than expected and needs to turn left for the approach to runway 12.
06:37Air Blue 202, turn left heading 180.
06:43Confirm he has visual with the ground.
06:45If not, instruct him to climb and execute a missed approach.
06:48Air Blue 202, confirm you have airfield in sight.
06:54The controllers had radar.
06:56They could see what the aircraft was doing.
06:58They could see that the aircraft was not doing what the procedure said they should be doing.
07:05Ask again.
07:07Air Blue 202, please confirm you have visual with the ground.
07:19Air Blue 202, visual with the ground.
07:22He's confirming visual.
07:26He's not turning.
07:30Controllers can see that Flight 202 is rapidly approaching the hills north of the airport.
07:40In the cockpit, the pilots are struggling to turn their plane away from the mountains ahead.
07:48Why aren't we turning left?
07:54Why aren't we turning left?
08:02Terrain ahead.
08:04Pull up.
08:06Terrain ahead.
08:06Pull up.
08:06Terrain, sir.
08:08Pull up.
08:09Instruct him to turn left immediately.
08:13The controllers can't believe what they're seeing.
08:17Here's a guy with 25,000 hours and he's flying directly towards a mountain.
08:24In the cabin, passengers have become aware that something's not right.
08:33They're approaching the 5,000 foot Magala hills.
08:38No.
08:38Horrary.
08:39Harane ahead.
08:39Pull up.
08:40Sir, we're going down!
08:42Sir, we're going down!
08:43Unless it's from radar, turn left immediately.
08:46Lorraine, to death. Pull up.
08:48We're going down!
08:49Pull up.
09:03Flight 202 has crashed into the Margala Hills, seven miles from the airport.
09:10The wreckage lies at an altitude of nearly 3,000 feet.
09:14It will be difficult for rescuers to reach the site.
09:22We couldn't get access to it with a car or a truck.
09:26Even with helicopters, there was no place to set down.
09:31So the only way to get to the accident site was with a long, slow climb.
09:38It takes more than half an hour for rescuers and volunteers
09:41to make their way up the steep hill to the crash site
09:44in hopes of finding survivors.
09:55When crews do reach the site,
09:58they find a scene of complete devastation.
10:11152 people died in this accident.
10:15It's the worst accident in Pakistan's aviation history.
10:23Why did a modern airplane fly into well-known mountains
10:27north of the airport in Islamabad?
10:37Investigators arrive at the accident site
10:39to study the wreckage of Air Blue Flight 202.
10:45When an aircraft flies into mountains,
10:48there are really two areas that we're looking at
10:50in terms of the root cause.
10:53One is a sudden and unexpected loss of control.
10:58The other would be the aircraft
11:01has actually stayed in control of the pilots
11:03and still somehow been flown into a mountain.
11:10An analysis of the engines shows
11:12that they were fully functional at the time of impact
11:15and capable of producing maximum thrust.
11:21Okay, good work, everyone.
11:23Start heading back down.
11:25Right.
11:26So the stabilizer was set at 3.5 degrees nose up.
11:30Landing gear was down.
11:32Engines at climb power.
11:34So configured for landing,
11:36but climbing at full power.
11:40An examination of the electrical
11:43and mechanical components that we could find,
11:45there was no obvious damage
11:47or mechanical failure.
11:50They were trying to land here,
11:54but then they slam into the Margulah Hills
11:56seven miles north of the runway.
12:00How did they get so far off course?
12:06For an approach that was supposed to be
12:08a very tight approach
12:10because of the existence of the hills,
12:13that is extraordinary.
12:16They were approaching from the southeast
12:18for a landing here on runway one, two.
12:28Scattered clouds, rain.
12:32Visibility was at 3.5 kilometers.
12:36Challenging conditions.
12:40Could the cloudy conditions
12:42have been a factor in the accident?
12:45When an aircraft flies into high ground,
12:49one thing that is almost certainly a factor
12:52is poor visibility.
12:54Low cloud, fog, call it what you will.
12:59Visibility would have been an issue,
13:01but you don't need to see the Margulah Hills
13:03to know that they're there.
13:09Everyone knows towards the north,
13:11east of the runway, there are mountains.
13:13They're clearly marked on the maps.
13:16Marine ahead.
13:17Sir, we're going down!
13:19Pull up.
13:21Pull up.
13:26Can the controller explain
13:28why the crew of flight 202
13:31couldn't avoid the mountains?
13:34Radar control informed him
13:35he'd be doing the circling approach
13:37to runway one-two.
13:39A blue 202 expect arrival at ILS 30
13:41followed by circling approach
13:42to land runway one-two.
13:46And he understood the approach?
13:48Yes, sir, he did.
13:51Understood.
13:52It'll be ILS down to minima
13:54and then left downwind.
13:58And then?
14:00That's when I assume control.
14:02As he began the right turn
14:04to the circling approach.
14:09The circling approach involves
14:11four carefully timed turns.
14:14The first to the right,
14:15followed by a left turn
14:17that takes the plane
14:18parallel to the runway.
14:20The two final turns
14:22line the plane up
14:23for the landing on runway one-two.
14:26Pilots must keep the runway in sight
14:28for the duration of this approach.
14:34After about a minute,
14:36I expected to see him fly by.
14:40But he never did.
14:42I asked the crew
14:43if they had the runway in sight
14:45and they confirmed
14:46that they did.
14:48Air blue 202,
14:49please confirm
14:50you have visual with the ground.
14:54Air blue 202,
14:55visual with the ground.
14:57But he kept flying
14:58further and further away
15:00from the airport.
15:01Directly towards the hills.
15:05After breaking off
15:07from the approach,
15:08they were supposed to turn
15:09after 30 seconds.
15:10Instead,
15:11they kept going
15:12for almost two minutes.
15:14We tried to stop him
15:16several times.
15:19But it was too late.
15:22Message from radar,
15:23turn left immediately.
15:32We couldn't prevent
15:37what happened.
15:44It's all here
15:45on the radar track.
15:52The crew knew
15:53what they had to do.
15:55They reported
15:57that they were doing
15:58what they were supposed to do.
16:00And yet,
16:01the aircraft
16:01continued to fly
16:03in the wrong direction.
16:05Terrain ahead.
16:08Pull up.
16:10How could the pilots
16:11have ended up
16:12so dangerously off course?
16:20Investigators look
16:21into the background
16:22of Flight 202's pilots
16:24to determine
16:25if the approach
16:26into Islamabad
16:27was mishandled.
16:30The captain had years
16:31of experience
16:32with major airlines.
16:36Captain Chowdhury
16:38has been flying
16:38for more than 40 years.
16:40He has accumulated
16:42more than 25,000
16:44flying hours
16:44throughout his career.
16:46But only about
16:471,000 of those
16:48were on the Airbus.
16:53The first officer,
16:55however,
16:55is a whole different story.
16:58First officer,
17:00Syed Ahmed,
17:01had far fewer hours
17:02than the captain.
17:03The former fighter pilot
17:05had recently joined
17:06the airline
17:07and had accumulated
17:08only 286 hours
17:10on Airbus A320 airplanes.
17:15two very different pilots.
17:18One nearing the end
17:20of his career
17:21with thousands
17:21of hours of experience
17:23and the other
17:24just starting off
17:25his commercial career.
17:27But neither of them
17:28had a ton of experience
17:29with the Airbus A321.
17:34did the pilot's lack
17:36of experience
17:37on this type of plane
17:38play a role
17:39in the accident?
17:44Experience is generally
17:45considered to be
17:46an asset.
17:48The only potential
17:49downside is that,
17:50of course,
17:50if you've got a lot
17:51of experience
17:52of one particular thing,
17:53it actually might be
17:55more difficult
17:56to learn how
17:57to operate
17:57this new type
17:58of aircraft.
18:05OK.
18:07So they're supposed
18:08to perform their approach
18:09within this area.
18:11Anything beyond this
18:12is outside the airport's
18:134.3 mile protection zone.
18:17OK.
18:17Let's see his track.
18:21Investigators examine
18:22Flight 202's radar track
18:24to see how the pilots
18:26set up their approach.
18:27All right.
18:29So they make
18:31their first turn here
18:35and then head straight
18:37out of the protection zone.
18:40Then this left turn
18:42takes them directly
18:43into the Margala Hills.
18:47The radar track
18:48shows that the pilots
18:49flew closer
18:50and closer
18:51to the mountains
18:52surrounding Islamabad.
18:54Wouldn't they have
18:55gotten a warning
18:56that they're approaching
18:56the hills?
19:03Yes, sir.
19:05It should have sounded
19:0660 seconds before impact.
19:11The enhanced
19:12ground proximity
19:13warning system
19:14looks downward
19:16to see the height
19:17that you're at
19:18above ground
19:19but it also looks ahead
19:22to see any terrain
19:24that you're flying towards.
19:28If they got a warning
19:31why didn't they try
19:32to pull up
19:33or turn
19:34to avoid it?
19:39Did the pilots
19:40of Flight 202
19:41get any warning
19:42of an impending collision?
19:45The crew would have been
19:46given pictures
19:47on their navigation
19:48display
19:49of the approaching
19:50terrain
19:50and they would have
19:52been given
19:52aural warnings.
19:54So since they flew
19:56directly into the terrain
19:58has the enhanced
20:00ground proximity
20:01warning system
20:01completely failed?
20:13don't leave me in suspense.
20:15Did they get any ground
20:16proximity warnings?
20:19they sure did.
20:26The cockpit data
20:28shows that
20:28in the final minute
20:29of the flight
20:30the crew got
20:3121 separate warnings
20:33about the rising terrain
20:34ahead.
20:40Okay, so that answers that.
20:45Over 21 times
20:46we saw
20:47terrain, terrain
20:48pull up
20:49terrain ahead
20:50pull up
20:50there's no way
20:51that the captain
20:52missed that warning.
20:54The enhanced ground
20:55proximity warning system
20:56was working properly.
20:58Terrain ahead.
20:59If the warning system
21:01was operating
21:02why would the pilots
21:03ignore it
21:04and allow the accident
21:05to happen?
21:06Terrain ahead.
21:07Pull up.
21:07If you hear
21:08a full terrain
21:09pull up warning
21:11from the EGPWS
21:12the reaction
21:13should be immediate.
21:15It should be
21:15to apply full power
21:17pull the nose
21:17of the aircraft up
21:18get it moving
21:19away from the ground
21:20and that should be done
21:21before any questions
21:22are asked.
21:28Why didn't the crew
21:29of Air Blue
21:30Flight 202
21:31act on terrain warnings
21:33and steer their plane
21:34away from the mountains?
21:36Islamabad
21:37Air Blue 202
21:38Investigators listen
21:40to the cockpit
21:40voice recording.
21:42What are current
21:43conditions please?
21:44Air Blue 202
21:45visibility is now
21:463.5 kilometers
21:47with rain
21:47wind
21:481 6 knots
21:490 5 0 degrees
21:51runway
21:521 2 currently in use
21:54They focus on
21:56how the crew
21:56set up for landing
21:59It will be
21:59runway 1 2
22:00Yes
22:01invisibility is crap
22:05The weather was
22:06marginal
22:07and marginal weather
22:08makes you nervous
22:09because you don't know
22:10whether you're going
22:11to be able to see
22:12anything at all
22:13and the captain
22:15clearly was nervous
22:16about this approach
22:19Did the captain
22:20proceed with an approach
22:22he wasn't comfortable
22:23with?
22:24Set waypoints
22:25for runway 1 2
22:27radial 0 2 6
22:295 miles of beam
22:37Mate, stop
22:41Why is he asking you
22:42to input a course
22:43to the runway?
22:45This is supposed
22:46to be a visual approach
22:50It didn't make any sense
22:51for the captain
22:52to be entering
22:53waypoints
22:53into the flight
22:54management system
22:56The circling approach
22:57is by definition
22:58a visual approach
22:59so there is no way
23:01that any pilot
23:02would normally
23:02do this
23:05Then
23:06just two miles
23:08from the airport
23:08the pilots
23:10of Air Blue
23:10Flight 202
23:11hear of a flight
23:12landing ahead of them
23:14Be advised
23:15that a PIA 737
23:16has landed
23:17on runway 1 2
23:18safely
23:21Commencing right turn
23:22heading
23:24352
23:27That could have
23:28caused the pilot
23:28to say
23:29hey
23:29if they can get in
23:30we can get in too
23:34He starts his turn
23:36later than usual
23:38half a mile
23:39from the runway
23:45Instead of breaking
23:46off early
23:47they had to continue
23:48on because of
23:48the low visibility
23:49and low ceilings
23:50and they did not
23:51break off to the right
23:52until the last
23:53possible point
23:54which was at the
23:55end of the runway
23:57Concerned with
23:58poor visibility
23:59Captain Chowdhury
24:00makes a baffling
24:01decision
24:02Switch into nav mode
24:04for managed approach
24:05to runway 1 2
24:07There he goes
24:08switching to nav mode
24:09he can't be wishful
24:12Carrying out
24:13the circling approach
24:14using the autopilot
24:16to navigate
24:16is a violation
24:17of procedures
24:21As soon as
24:22you select
24:23the nav mode
24:23the plane starts
24:24to fly
24:25the pre-programmed
24:26waypoints
24:27and at this point
24:29Captain Chowdhury
24:30is normal
24:30flying
24:31the visual approach
24:32Okay sir
24:36But
24:37are you visual?
24:40I have a visual
24:45Chowdhury insists
24:46he can see
24:47the runway
24:47but investigators
24:49are certain
24:49he could not
24:51they can't see
24:52the airfield
24:52any longer
24:53because they've
24:53just got
24:54to the far side
24:54of it
24:55There is no
24:56airfield
24:56in sight
24:59So
24:59instead of
25:00turning left
25:01to fly
25:03parallel
25:03with the runway
25:05he keeps
25:06flying in
25:07this direction
25:07moving further
25:08and further
25:08from the airport
25:11Sir
25:12we're reaching
25:13higher ground
25:15Terrain
25:16ahead
25:17Terrain
25:18ahead
25:18Sir
25:19there's
25:19terrain
25:20ahead
25:21Sir
25:22turn left
25:23Terrain
25:24ahead
25:26It should
25:27be turning
25:28Terrain
25:29ahead
25:29As the
25:30captain
25:30struggles
25:31to turn
25:31away
25:32from the
25:32hills
25:32Terrain
25:33ahead
25:34Controllers
25:35become concerned
25:36AirBlue
25:37202
25:38Confirm
25:38you have
25:39airfield
25:39in sight
25:40What should
25:41I tell
25:41him sir
25:43Terrain
25:43ahead
25:43Tell him
25:44Tell him
25:45Pull
25:46Up
25:47The crew
25:47doesn't reply
25:48straight away
25:49Probably
25:50because the
25:51first officer
25:51knows full
25:52well
25:52that no
25:52they don't
25:53have visual
25:53contact
25:54with the
25:54airfield
25:54but he
25:55waits
25:55for his
25:56captain
25:56to tell
25:56him
25:56what
25:56to say
25:58AirBlue
25:58202
25:59Please
25:59confirm
26:00you have
26:00visual
26:00with
26:00the
26:01ground
26:01Terrain
26:02ahead
26:02Pull
26:03Up
26:03AirBlue
26:04202
26:05Visual
26:05with
26:05the
26:05ground
26:08In the
26:09end
26:09the
26:10crew
26:10tells
26:11air
26:11traffic
26:11control
26:12that
26:13they
26:13are
26:13in
26:13visual
26:13contact
26:14with
26:14the
26:14ground
26:15Now
26:15that's
26:16not
26:16untrue
26:17but
26:17it's
26:17not
26:17the
26:18same
26:18thing
26:18as
26:18being
26:18visual
26:19with
26:19the
26:19airfield
26:19It
26:20feels
26:20more
26:21like
26:21a
26:21reply
26:21designed
26:22to get
26:22air
26:22traffic
26:22control
26:23off
26:23their
26:23backs
26:24Sir
26:24we
26:25are
26:25approaching
26:26terrain
26:26ahead
26:26Yes
26:27I
26:27know
26:27we
26:28are
26:28turning
26:28left
26:29Pull
26:29up
26:29Pull
26:30up
26:31sir
26:31Pull
26:32up
26:32The
26:33captain
26:34says
26:34he's
26:34turning
26:34left
26:35but
26:37he keeps
26:38flying
26:38directly
26:39towards
26:39the
26:39hills
26:43Investigators
26:44are unable
26:44to explain
26:45why
26:45Captain
26:46Chowdhury
26:46could not
26:47alter
26:47his
26:47course
26:48and steer
26:49away
26:49from
26:49the
26:49mountains
26:54Sir
26:55turn
26:56left
26:56Pull
26:57up
26:57The
26:57final
26:58minute
26:58of
26:58the
26:58CVR
26:59reveals
26:59a
27:00picture
27:00of
27:00chaos
27:01and
27:02confusion
27:02Pull
27:03up
27:03Sir
27:04Pull
27:05up
27:08They're
27:09blind
27:09power
27:10trying
27:10to
27:10climb
27:14Sir
27:14Pull
27:15up
27:16Sir
27:16Pull
27:17Up
27:17Investigators
27:19hear
27:19First
27:19Officer
27:20Ahmed
27:20pleading
27:21with
27:21his
27:21captain
27:21to
27:22pull
27:22up
27:22Why
27:23aren't
27:23we
27:23turning
27:24left
27:24Pull
27:26up
27:26Pull
27:29Terrain
27:29ahead
27:30Pull
27:30up
27:31Terrain
27:32Sir
27:34Terrain
27:35ahead
27:35Sir
27:36we're
27:36going
27:37down
27:37Pull
27:38Up
27:38Message
27:39from
27:39radar
27:40turn
27:40left
27:40immediately
27:41Pull
27:41Up
27:43Sir
27:44we're
27:44going
27:44down
27:45Pull
27:45Up
27:54All
27:54they had
27:54to do
27:56was turn
27:56away
27:57from
27:57those
27:57hills
28:01Despite
28:01reacting
28:02to the
28:02terrain
28:03warnings
28:03the
28:04pilots
28:04could
28:04not
28:05steer
28:05their
28:05plane
28:06away
28:06from
28:06the
28:07mountains
28:10I
28:10think
28:10they
28:11knew
28:11what
28:11was
28:11happening
28:12I
28:13think
28:13they
28:13knew
28:13that
28:13they
28:13had
28:14to
28:14turn
28:14left
28:14for
28:15some
28:15reason
28:16the
28:16aircraft
28:16didn't
28:17turn
28:17left
28:18will
28:19will
28:19flight
28:19202's
28:21flight
28:21data
28:21recorder
28:22explain
28:22why
28:23captain
28:23chowdhury
28:24didn't
28:24or
28:25couldn't
28:25turn
28:26and
28:26avoid
28:27the
28:27mountains
28:27can
28:28we
28:28see
28:28the
28:28altitude
28:28please
28:31the
28:32minimum
28:32altitude
28:32is
28:322500
28:33feet
28:36investigators
28:37can
28:38see
28:38that
28:38chowdhury
28:39dialed
28:39in an
28:39altitude
28:40below
28:40what's
28:41permitted
28:42there's
28:43only
28:43one
28:43reason
28:43it
28:43would
28:44drop
28:44below
28:44that
28:47commencing
28:48right
28:48turn
28:49heading
28:52352
28:56there's
28:57no
28:57earthly
28:57reason
28:58for
28:58doing
28:58it
28:58because
28:59the
28:59minimums
28:59are
28:59there
29:00for
29:00a
29:00very
29:00good
29:00reason
29:02the
29:02only
29:03reason
29:03why
29:03they
29:03ever
29:04break
29:04the
29:04minimums
29:05is
29:05because
29:05they
29:05can't
29:06see
29:06the
29:06ground
29:06properly
29:07and
29:07they
29:07want
29:07to
29:07get
29:08closer
29:08to
29:08it
29:09can
29:10we
29:10see
29:10the
29:10flight
29:11path
29:13see
29:15he's
29:16way
29:16off
29:16course
29:17in
29:18heavy
29:18fog
29:18and
29:19has
29:19clearly
29:19lost
29:19visual
29:21let's
29:22see
29:22the
29:22autopilot
29:22modes
29:25so
29:27he
29:27asks
29:28the
29:28automation
29:28to
29:29take
29:29over
29:33more
29:34than
29:34four
29:34miles
29:35off
29:35course
29:36captain
29:36chowdhury
29:37makes
29:37his
29:37biggest
29:38error
29:38by
29:39switching
29:39modes
29:40on
29:40his
29:40autopilot
29:42the
29:43captain
29:44switched
29:44from
29:44heading
29:45mode
29:45to
29:45nav
29:46mode
29:46and
29:47the
29:47aircraft
29:48turned
29:48left
29:49to
29:49heading
29:50of
29:50300
29:54towards
29:55the
29:55mountain
29:57the
29:58airbus
29:58now
29:59makes
29:59a
29:59left
29:59turn
30:00towards
30:00a
30:01predetermined
30:01waypoint
30:02bringing
30:03the
30:03flight
30:03dangerously
30:04close
30:05to
30:05the
30:05mountains
30:07he's
30:08approaching
30:08the
30:08no-fly
30:09zone
30:09north
30:09of
30:09the
30:09airfield
30:12from
30:12this
30:12point
30:12on
30:13air
30:13traffic
30:13control
30:13continued
30:14to
30:14urge
30:14the
30:15flight
30:15to
30:15turn
30:15left
30:16because
30:17they
30:17knew
30:17they
30:17were
30:18in
30:18the
30:18vicinity
30:18of
30:19the
30:19high
30:19mountainous
30:20terrain
30:20terrain
30:21ahead
30:23when
30:27we're
30:27turning
30:27left
30:30can we
30:32see what
30:32he's
30:32selecting
30:36he's
30:37dialing in
30:37a left
30:37dirt
30:43captain
30:44chowdhury
30:45uses his
30:45heading
30:46knob
30:46to turn
30:47the plane
30:47sharply
30:48left
30:48away
30:49from
30:49the
30:49hills
30:52but
30:53the
30:53plane
30:53it
30:54keeps
30:54flying
30:54in
30:54the
30:55same
30:55direction
30:55it's
30:56not
30:56turning
31:08he's
31:08still
31:08in
31:09nav
31:11investigators
31:12realize
31:12the
31:13captain
31:13forgot
31:14that
31:14his
31:14plane
31:15was
31:15in
31:15navigation
31:16mode
31:16and
31:17not
31:17heading
31:17mode
31:18which is
31:18required
31:19to turn
31:19the
31:19aircraft
31:20if the
31:21aircraft
31:22is flying
31:22in nav
31:23mode
31:24it will
31:25keep on
31:25flying
31:26on its
31:26predetermined
31:27course
31:28whether or
31:29not the
31:29crew
31:30change the
31:31heading
31:31select
31:32terrain
31:32ahead
31:33why aren't we
31:34turning
31:34left
31:35pull up
31:37captain
31:38captain
31:38captain
31:38chowdhury
31:39doesn't realize
31:39that his
31:40inputs
31:40are futile
31:41pull up
31:43pull up
31:44in order to get
31:45from nav mode
31:46into heading mode
31:46you pull the knob
31:48out
31:48and that engages
31:49heading mode
31:50pull up
31:50he forgot to pull
31:52it out
31:54he realizes
31:55his error
31:55and pulls
31:57the knob
31:57here
31:57at 40 seconds
31:59before impact
32:07ah
32:09when captain
32:10chowdhury
32:11tries to
32:11correct his
32:12error
32:12he only
32:13makes a
32:13bad
32:13situation
32:14worse
32:16sir
32:17turn
32:17left
32:18why
32:19sir
32:19turning
32:19left
32:25captain
32:26chowdhury
32:27has dialed
32:27in so
32:28many
32:28left
32:29turns
32:29that his
32:30last
32:30input
32:31is now
32:31to the
32:32plane's
32:32right
32:33the airbus
32:34takes the
32:35shortest route
32:35to get
32:36to that
32:36heading
32:38directly
32:38towards
32:39the
32:39margala
32:40hills
32:44he's in
32:45heading mode
32:45for the
32:46rest of
32:46the
32:46flight
32:52the
32:52investigation
32:52saw that
32:53the
32:53captain
32:54was so
32:54reliant
32:54on the
32:55automation
32:55that
32:55he was
32:56trying to
32:56turn the
32:57aircraft
32:57to the
32:57left
32:58asking
32:59why
32:59the
32:59aircraft
33:00wasn't
33:00turning
33:00to the
33:01left
33:01but he
33:01didn't
33:02even
33:02use
33:03his
33:03side
33:03stick
33:03and
33:04actually
33:04turn
33:04the
33:04aircraft
33:05to the
33:05left
33:05manually
33:06why
33:07aren't
33:07we
33:07turning
33:07left
33:08terrain
33:09ahead
33:09investigators
33:10now know
33:11why
33:12captain
33:12chowdhury
33:13was unable
33:13to turn
33:14left
33:14and avoid
33:14the
33:15mountains
33:15but one
33:16question
33:16remains
33:17why
33:18didn't
33:18the
33:18first
33:19officer
33:19recognize
33:20the
33:20mistakes
33:21and do
33:21something
33:22to correct
33:22them
33:23sir
33:23we're
33:24going
33:24down
33:29100 knots
33:30check
33:32investigators
33:33find a
33:34possible
33:34explanation
33:35for the
33:35first
33:35officer's
33:36puzzling
33:36behavior
33:37V1
33:38at the
33:39very start
33:40of flight
33:40202
33:41rotate
33:43as it
33:44took off
33:45for Islamabad
33:47the flight
33:48starts
33:48with the
33:49pilots
33:49working
33:50efficiently
33:50as a
33:51crew
33:51positive
33:52rate
33:54gear up
33:59gear up
34:03the
34:03takeoff
34:04from Karachi
34:05is
34:05textbook
34:09from
34:10initial
34:10pushback
34:11start
34:11up
34:12and all
34:12the
34:12takeoff
34:13everything
34:14seemed
34:14normal
34:17we are
34:18clear to
34:18climb to
34:19flight
34:19level
34:19explain to
34:20me
34:20why
34:21that
34:21is
34:21blue
34:22but
34:23the
34:23other
34:23symbols
34:24are
34:24white
34:25the
34:26pilots
34:26cordial
34:27relationship
34:28soon
34:28changes
34:31sir
34:31there
34:32on your
34:33display
34:33why is
34:34that
34:34symbol
34:34blue
34:35but the
34:35others
34:35are
34:35white
34:36you
34:37should
34:37know
34:37why
34:38that
34:38is
34:39I
34:40believe
34:40it's
34:41because
34:41the
34:41flight
34:42plan
34:42defers
34:42from
34:43the
34:43current
34:43route
34:43that's
34:44wrong
34:44it's
34:45because
34:45it's
34:46the
34:46one
34:46being
34:46navigated
34:47towards
34:47basic
34:49do
34:50you
34:50know
34:50how
34:50to
34:50modify
34:50this
34:51point
34:53from
34:54the
34:54main
34:54menu
34:54you
34:55don't
34:55need
34:55to
34:56return
34:56to
34:56the
34:56main
34:57menu
34:57you
34:57can
34:57do
34:57it
34:58on
34:58the
34:58screen
35:00what
35:00did
35:01they
35:01teach
35:01you
35:01in
35:01that
35:01so-called
35:02training
35:02of
35:02yours
35:05captain
35:05chowdhury
35:06is heard
35:06quizzing
35:07and
35:07berating
35:08his
35:08first
35:08officer
35:10this
35:10wasn't
35:11normal
35:11behavior
35:12it
35:13seems
35:13it
35:13was
35:14only
35:14really
35:14for
35:14the
35:15purpose
35:15of
35:15putting
35:16his
35:17first
35:17officer
35:17in
35:18his
35:18place
35:18making
35:19sure
35:19he
35:20knew
35:20who
35:20was
35:21in
35:21charge
35:21and
35:22to
35:22do
35:23as
35:23he
35:23was
35:23told
35:25what's
35:25he
35:26doing
35:27if
35:28you
35:28don't
35:28know
35:28how
35:28to
35:29use
35:29the
35:29flight
35:29management
35:30system
35:30then
35:31what
35:32use
35:32are
35:32you
35:32in
35:33the
35:33cockpit
35:34you
35:34might
35:34as
35:34well
35:34go
35:35back
35:35and
35:35help
35:35the
35:35girls
35:36serve
35:36tea
35:39yes
35:41sorry
35:42sir
35:49what
35:50what
35:50about
35:50maximum
35:51thrust
35:51available
35:51for
35:52climb
35:52can
35:52you
35:53at
35:53least
35:53tell
35:53me
35:53what
35:53that
35:54is
35:55this
35:55has
35:55been
35:55going
35:56on
35:56for
35:56nearly
35:56an
35:56hour
35:56now
35:57told
35:57you
36:01radio
36:01ahead
36:01to
36:01Islamabad
36:02for
36:02the
36:02weather
36:05do you
36:05know
36:05how to
36:05use
36:06the
36:06radio
36:06yes
36:10captain
36:11chowdhury
36:11is a
36:11very
36:11experienced
36:12pilot
36:12he
36:13should
36:14know
36:14that
36:15this
36:15is
36:15not
36:15how
36:15we
36:16behave
36:16on
36:17the
36:17flight
36:17deck
36:18of
36:18an
36:18airliner
36:32investigators
36:32wonder
36:33why
36:33captain
36:34chowdhury
36:34would
36:35act
36:35so
36:35aggressively
36:36towards
36:36his
36:37first
36:37officer
36:37he
36:38was
36:39recently
36:39treated
36:39for
36:40diabetes
36:40and
36:40hypertension
36:42but
36:43deemed
36:43fit
36:43to
36:43fly
36:46anything
36:47pilots
36:48who
36:48flew
36:48with
36:48him
36:49said
36:49he
36:49was
36:49demanding
36:50sometimes
36:50difficult
36:52but
36:53nothing
36:53at
36:53this
36:54level
36:56maybe
36:56it
36:56had
36:57more
36:57to
36:57do
36:57with
36:57him
37:00could
37:00the
37:01first
37:01officer's
37:01background
37:02have
37:02affected
37:03his
37:03captain's
37:04attitude
37:04towards
37:05him
37:09in
37:10Pakistan
37:10there
37:10has
37:10been
37:11a
37:11hidden
37:11rivalry
37:11between
37:12air force
37:12pilots
37:14and the
37:14people
37:15who are
37:15in the
37:16commercial
37:16side
37:16already
37:17they feel
37:18that
37:18the
37:19air force
37:19guys
37:19they are
37:20taking
37:20away
37:21their
37:21opportunities
37:25investigators
37:26believe
37:26that the
37:27captain's
37:27abusive
37:28behavior
37:29might
37:29explain
37:29one of
37:30the
37:30mysteries
37:31of
37:31this
37:31tragedy
37:31why
37:33first
37:33officer
37:33Ahmed
37:34never
37:34took
37:34control
37:35of
37:35the
37:35plane
37:38all
37:39the
37:39first
37:39officer
37:40had
37:40to
37:40do
37:40was
37:40to
37:40take
37:41manual
37:41control
37:41of
37:42the
37:42aircraft
37:42and
37:42fly
37:43it
37:43away
37:43from
37:43the
37:43mountain
37:46investigators
37:47scrutinize
37:48first
37:48officer
37:49Ahmed's
37:49actions
37:50leading up
37:50to
37:51the
37:51crash
37:51of
37:51flight
37:52202
37:53his
37:53first
37:54officer
37:54tells
37:54the
37:54captain
37:55to
37:55pull
37:55up
37:55three
37:55times
37:56and
37:56to
37:57turn
37:57left
37:58twice
37:59but
38:00he never
38:00says
38:01he's
38:01taking
38:01control
38:06if
38:07I
38:07were
38:07the
38:07first
38:07officer
38:08I
38:08take
38:09over
38:09the
38:09control
38:09pull
38:10back
38:10on
38:11the
38:11side
38:11stick
38:11to
38:12create
38:12the
38:12max
38:12performance
38:13maneuver
38:13applied
38:14toga
38:14thrust
38:14and
38:15keep
38:16climbing
38:16till
38:16I'm
38:17clear
38:17of
38:17the
38:17hills
38:19the
38:20team
38:20believes
38:20the
38:21captain's
38:21behavior
38:22earlier
38:23in the
38:23flight
38:23explains
38:24why
38:24the
38:25first
38:25officer
38:25allowed
38:26him
38:26to
38:26mishandle
38:27the
38:27approach
38:28if
38:28you
38:29don't
38:29know
38:29how
38:29to
38:30use
38:30the
38:30flight
38:30management
38:31system
38:31then
38:32what
38:32use
38:33are
38:33you
38:33in
38:33the
38:33cockpit
38:36we
38:37have
38:37the
38:37captain's
38:38behavior
38:38which
38:39was
38:39so
38:39overbearing
38:40so
38:41autocratic
38:41so
38:43nasty
38:43that it
38:45served to
38:45completely
38:46shatter the
38:46self-confidence
38:47of the
38:48first officer
38:49first officer
38:50Ahmed allows
38:51procedures to
38:52be set
38:53aside
38:53switch into
38:55lab mode
38:55for managed
38:57approach to
38:57runway 12
38:58okay
39:01sir
39:02and then
39:03fails to
39:04take control
39:05when his
39:06captain flies
39:07the plane
39:07directly towards
39:08the mountains
39:09he was so
39:10worn down
39:11by the
39:11captain's
39:12harsh
39:12behavior
39:12that
39:13he just
39:14couldn't
39:14stand up
39:14to him
39:14he became
39:16a bystander
39:22the
39:22first officer
39:23clearly knows
39:24that what
39:24they're
39:24doing
39:24is wrong
39:25he knows
39:26that his
39:26captain
39:26is
39:27disoriented
39:28that the
39:29aircraft
39:29is on
39:30a collision
39:31course
39:31with a
39:31mountain
39:32and yet
39:33somehow
39:34he doesn't
39:35have it
39:35in him
39:35to intervene
39:38terrain
39:39ahead
39:39pull up
39:40sir
39:41we are
39:42going down
39:42sir
39:43we are
39:43going down
39:44three and a
39:45half minutes
39:45after the
39:46start of
39:46the approach
39:47we are
39:48going down
39:49the airbus
39:50slams into
39:51the hills
39:54killing
39:54everyone
39:55on board
40:01this is
40:02one of the
40:03most
40:03extraordinary
40:04accidents
40:05I've seen
40:08there were
40:09no technical
40:10factors
40:10in this
40:12accident
40:13there was
40:14nothing wrong
40:15with the
40:16aircraft
40:16there was
40:17nothing wrong
40:17with the
40:18engines
40:18it was all
40:20a matter
40:21of human
40:21misjudgment
40:22and human
40:23error
40:29if he doesn't
40:30try the
40:31approach
40:31in nav
40:31mode
40:33there's no
40:33accident
40:36all the
40:36warning signs
40:37were there
40:38telling them
40:38what to do
40:41it should have
40:41been easy
40:42to recover
40:44very
40:46if he hadn't
40:46taken his
40:47first officer
40:47out of the
40:47picture
40:50different outcome
40:52absolutely
40:53incredible
40:59it's hard to
41:01believe that
41:01somebody of
41:02his experience
41:03would make so
41:05many errors
41:05and mishandling
41:07of the
41:09aircraft
41:09it justifies
41:12logic
41:15the final report
41:17into the crash
41:18of air blue
41:19flight 202
41:20makes several
41:21recommendations
41:22to pakistani
41:23airlines
41:23including better
41:25briefings on the
41:26circling approach
41:27procedures
41:27and better
41:29crew management
41:30training
41:32this accident
41:33shows that
41:34cockpit
41:34management
41:35and the
41:35atmosphere
41:36in the
41:36cockpit
41:36that's set
41:37by the
41:37captain
41:38is just
41:39as important
41:39as an
41:40operating
41:40aircraft
41:41and
41:41operating
41:41engines
41:42and in
41:432018
41:44the airport
41:45in Islamabad
41:46is replaced
41:47with a more
41:47modern airport
41:48with two
41:49runways
41:50that are well
41:50away from
41:51the hills
41:51that claim
41:52the lives
41:52of the
41:53152 people
41:54on board
41:55flight
41:55202
41:59as I learned
42:01more
42:01I really
42:03felt
42:03extremely
42:04bad
42:06I felt
42:07very sad
42:08about that
42:09loss
42:14it was a
42:15preventable
42:15accident