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The Museum of Moscow is one of the city's most cherished cultural institutions, offering a deep dive into the capital's rich history and vibrant culture. Do you want to find out what treasures Moscow had been hiding underground? How the oldest buildings and structures in Moscow are preserved? What the largest exhibit in the capital's museum is? The film "The Museum of Moscow. Keeper of Time" will show you how Moscow generously shares its past with all who wish to discover it.
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00:05A cidade não é apenas um ponto em um mapa.
00:08A cidade é um ritmo e um personagem,
00:10refletindo em suas construções,
00:12em sua estrutura, em sua textura e em sua atmosfera.
00:18Mósco.
00:19Diferentes eras deixaram seus traços em todos os lugares aqui,
00:22e hoje podemos encontrar um lugar antigo de worship,
00:25um templo aristocrático e um templo moderno de todos os lados.
00:31A história da capital é uma das constantes mudanças,
00:35e isso é melhor provado pela arqueologia.
00:45O que são os incríveis encontros que foram feitos em Mósco?
00:49O Kremlin, Kитай-Gorod, Biele-Gorod e Zemlianoi-Oterivianne-Gorod.
00:55A cidade é a maior exposição.
00:57É aqui que arqueologia tem encontrado
01:00fragmentos das briga de Neklinka,
01:03o maior trânsito de trânsito.
01:05A maior trânsito de trânsito.
01:06Foi encontrado em 1996,
01:07durante a diga no território da Stade Agustinid-Vor,
01:10a Rolde-Marquete.
01:12Você quer tocar os mistérios dos antigos,
01:14que é um portão de trânsito de trânsito de trânsito de trânsito de trânsito.
01:37O Museu de Móscoa ajuda a entender e a sentir a cidade.
01:41É o custodio da heredade de muitas eras.
01:47Esta é a Ekaterina Svyatitskaya,
01:50falando sobre uníquas exibências.
01:53Arqueologia se tornou a vida dela.
01:56Quando falamos sobre a Móscoa
01:58do ponto de arqueologia,
01:59estamos falando sobre um lugar
02:00onde um grande número de arqueologia
02:02arqueológica foram concentrados.
02:04de verdadeiros trabalhos de trânsito de trânsito de trânsito de trânsito de trânsito.
02:10Há uma verdadeira extradânsita cada vez mais sério em diferentes áreas.
02:18Os caras de trânsito de trânsito de trânsito de trânsito de trânsito.
02:31In the Bronze Age and in the Early Iron Age, too, people lived on our territory.
02:38And we have finds that are linked to that period of time, too.
02:53The archaeological finds are linked to a population that lived on this territory permanently.
02:58They date back to the Early Iron Age era, which is to say the period when man learned how to
03:05make black metals, which is to say iron.
03:09These were the people of the Diyakova culture.
03:15Diyakova culture appeared in the Early Iron Age.
03:20The name comes from the first settlement that was discovered near the village of Diyakova, within the boundaries of the
03:26Kolomianskaya Museum reserve on the high embankment of the Moscow River.
03:33Unlike those who came to these lands previously, the Diyakovans were not nomads.
03:39They led a settled form of life, built houses and fenced them off with tall wooden walls for protection against
03:45their enemies.
03:52When we start to talk about the history of Moscow as a city, about its medieval history as a city,
03:59then of course we have to talk about the people who first built Moscow at the very beginning of its
04:04history.
04:05They are the descendants of the Slavs of the Chronicles, the Vyatici and the Krivici.
04:11That is a population that appeared here, in historical terms, in fairly recent times, just over a thousand years ago.
04:18At the turn of the 11th century, the Slavic population began to colonize the Moscow region.
04:26The people that came here during that period built the first walls of the Moscow Kremlin on the summit of
04:33Boravitsky Hill.
04:38The Kremlin was our first city.
04:42What's a city or gorod in Russian?
04:45Gorod comes from the word agrazhdynya, protection or barrier.
04:49If it's a settlement without fortifications, it's a town or village.
04:54These ancient settlements have a different designation.
04:58But our first city began with a Kremlin fortress and fortress walls.
05:04Everything that is within those walls, within that fortification, we regard as being a city.
05:14Like any city of the Middle Ages, Moscow gradually built up its cultural layer year by year.
05:21People lived here.
05:23The city expanded.
05:25The volume of construction, as we put it today, grew larger.
05:29New roads were laid out.
05:30Streets were paved.
05:32And the result of all these activities among the citizens was that the cultural layer slowly built up.
05:38Layer by layer, like a layer cake.
05:41Moscow grew from about the 12th century onwards.
05:46But we all realize perfectly well that on the territory of the Kremlin, we can't carry out full archaeological digs.
05:53Any digs, any archaeological studies, they destroy architectural monuments.
06:04Because in order to get to the lowest layers, the archaeologists have to remove the upper layers from the earth.
06:14And we all realize that we can't do that in the Kremlin, for example.
06:23So, the oldest and most interesting section of the city, the Kremlin and the territory of Kitai-Gorod, the neighbors
06:31on it,
06:32haven't been that well studied by archaeologists.
06:38But nevertheless, even in the limited digs that have been carried out, and are being carried out on the territory
06:44of the Moscow Kremlin,
06:45and in the historic center of the city,
06:49if we're talking about the medieval history of the city,
06:52that means the whole center of Moscow located today within the so-called garden ring.
07:04When we're talking about the archaeological research on that territory,
07:09we have to understand that, unfortunately, as a result of all the modern construction,
07:15and the fact that people live here,
07:18they're being carried out in fairly limited areas and territories.
07:26But nevertheless, even these limited works bring us some interesting finds.
07:36The Museum of Moscow is one of the oldest in the capital.
07:41It preserves over 800,000 unique items.
07:45Every year, the collection is being added to with new artifacts.
07:51Each museum exhibit, a shard of stone, a work tool, pieces of crockery, jewelry or toys, is a guide back
08:00through time.
08:06The Museum of Moscow has a well from the 15th century found during digs on the territory of the Kremlin.
08:13The ancestors of Tsar Ivan the Terrible would have drunk water from it.
08:18The past is like a huge puzzle, many of the pieces of which have been lost.
08:24But we can put those that have been preserved together to create a realistic picture of their era.
08:30We can imagine the lives of the citizens, we can see what they made with their own hands,
08:35what tools they used or what they made to sell on.
08:40Judging by the artifacts, among the first Muscovites there were many skilled craftsmen working in shoe and leather making, textiles
08:48and tailoring.
08:51Archaeologists help us piece by piece to put the course of history back together and the museum exhibits allow us
08:58to visually imagine the everyday life of Muscovites.
09:05The objects in the archaeological collection that go to the museum having been dug up often need the care of
09:11delicate and skilled restorers.
09:15That's because these items, from the field as we put it, don't just need to be preserved, they often also
09:24require restoration,
09:29so that they can be preserved into the future and exhibited in the display cases at our museums.
09:41I've worked with archaeological metal that's been in the ground in different conditions and has naturally corroded.
09:50Having been taken out of the ground, it begins to break down in its new environment.
09:58That's a normal process of shock.
10:00It's hardest of all to work with the materials that break down and that were in poor conditions.
10:08That's to say that for a period they were safe in the ground.
10:11Then there were construction works.
10:14They get dug up and dragged out.
10:17And that's a new environment where they begin to actively break down.
10:22That's the case with any metal, iron, non-ferrous metals, bronze.
10:30The objects that require restoration are sent on to the restoration workshop.
10:37But that's possible if we're talking about small, miniature items.
10:42What do we do with huge objects?
10:46Sometimes they have to be restored right on the site where they're being exhibited.
10:51That was the case with a headstone made of white stone of the German apritschnik Kaspar von Elferfeld.
11:00When the headstone came back from an exhibition, a small piece was broken off.
11:06Our wonderful restorers had to restore it and remount it right where it was being exhibited.
11:13Now we can't even see where the join was.
11:18The line where the small fragment and the main headstone were joined.
11:29Archaeological exhibits are rarely linked to specific people, not to mention historic figures.
11:35Often you can't tell who, say, an axe or a pot belonged to.
11:43So it's no surprise that an exhibit like this headstone is part of the golden collection of the Museum of
11:49Moscow.
11:51Kaspar von Elferfeld was a unique individual.
11:56A German who was captured during the Livonian War.
12:01He had an astonishing career for his time.
12:05From a normal prisoner of war to personal translator and protector of Tsar Ivana Terrible.
12:13So, when an exhibit like this makes it into any collection, you always want to show it.
12:21You always want to talk about something new.
12:25We did a special exhibition that was solely dedicated to this headstone.
12:32The text on it is written in German.
12:35It says Kaspar von Elferfeld was a magistrate at the city of Petershagen.
12:43So he occupied a certain bureaucratic position.
12:48Another interesting point is that this is the only tombstone in our collection that preserves a portrait of the person
12:56buried.
12:59If you look in the lower section of the tombstone, despite it being slightly worn away,
13:04there's a profile of a man in a tall helmet with a heavy, Nordic, German jawline.
13:20The Russian capital's archaeologists are putting the past back together piece by piece.
13:26What's the largest exhibit in the Museum of Moscow?
13:30So now we're going down into the body of the dam.
13:34What treasures are hidden beneath the ground in Moscow?
13:37This find isn't just the history of archaeology in Moscow, it's the history of the war of the 17th century.
13:43How are the old constructions of Moscow preserved and exhibited?
13:49If there is some way to preserve what we find within, in the depths of the cultural layer,
13:56then the archaeologists will do that, of course.
14:00There are different ways that we can show the preserved sites.
14:07In medieval Moscow, there were more fortress walls, not just the Kremlin.
14:13There were four such protective walls.
14:15The Kremlin, Kitai-Gorod, Biele-Gorod and Zemliany or Deriviany-Gorod.
14:23On Khakhlovskaya Square in Moscow, we can see the archaeological approach to conservation of the walls of Biele-Gorod, literally
14:31White City.
14:32This stonework is almost 500 years old.
14:36Following prolonged discussion, it was decided that the white stone blocks wouldn't be removed from the ground, they would be
14:43left in place.
14:44But a public space would be created around them, an archaeological park amphitheatre.
14:49To achieve that, Khakhlovskaya Square was divided into two levels.
14:55The upper, on the level of Pakrovsky Boulevard, and the lower, on the level of Biele-Gorod wall.
15:04When the digs were being carried out on Khakhlovskaya Square, part of the Biele-Gorod wall was dismantled,
15:11because the architectural fragments that the builders added into the backfilling were very unusual.
15:20In the 16th century, in the Kremlin, Ivan the Terrible was building a palace,
15:25the columns of which, along with the entire palace, were later dismantled and reused.
15:33And so, the builders, to make savings by not having to import a lot of white stone from a long
15:39way away,
15:40took these wonderful fragments of the white stone-carved columns from the Kremlin,
15:45and took them to where Biele-Gorod was being built,
15:48and added these large blocks into the backfilling of the walls.
15:55We could say that this is barbarism, because this wonderful Renaissance carving was hidden away within the depths of the
16:02wall.
16:04But thanks to that, we've now got a small piece of this Kremlin palace of the time of Ivan the
16:10Terrible in our collection.
16:13A detail of a white stone column that's decorated with extraordinary refinement.
16:21The carving that decorates the fragments of the column from Ivan the Terrible's palace is Renaissance work,
16:28clearly following Italian patterns, or possibly even done by Italian masters.
16:35We know that even back in the era of Ivan the Terrible, the grandfather of Ivan the Terrible,
16:42when he married the last Byzantine princess, Sofia Paleologina,
16:48a large number of Italian builders, engineers and architects came to Moscow with her.
16:55It's possible that that Italian architectural and construction tradition lasted on to the middle of the 16th century,
17:03when Ivan the Terrible's palace was built.
17:10The archaeologists use various techniques for preservation.
17:15If there's a chance of preserving a fragment or even the foundations of an old construction,
17:20then it's incorporated into the museum.
17:24That was the case with the Holy Trinity Church in the fields.
17:27The white stone foundation of the church of 1565 was discovered during the reconstruction of the complex of buildings at
17:34the Trechikov passage.
17:38Now, right out in the open, you can see the size of the church and you can look at images
17:43of how it looked back in its day.
17:52One of the most interesting and striking examples of an archaeological find being preserved on site is the Voskrisensky Bridge.
18:05When, in the 1990s, digs were carried out on Manezhnei Square, prior to the construction of a large shopping centre,
18:14archaeologists found the support of the Voskrisensky Bridge built in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries.
18:21They were so well preserved that it was decided that they shouldn't be dismantled
18:26and that an underground museum of archaeology should be built around them.
18:31A branch of our Museum of Moscow that would tell us about the archaeological study of the capital,
18:38about what archaeology is as a science and, of course, about the digs on Manezhnei Square itself.
18:50Now, any visitor to Moscow's Museum of Archaeology has the chance to see the biggest exhibit in the capital,
18:56the Voskrisensky Bridge, and to find out how the bridge looked, was built and was reconstructed.
19:09We're where the archaeologists discovered the fragments of the bridges over the Neyklintka River.
19:16For the city this was fairly interesting, because for the first time we didn't just find a fragment of the
19:22city infrastructure.
19:23Over the entire course of time we can see how it changed over the centuries.
19:30As a result, in 1997, after not only archaeologists but restorers and architects had worked here,
19:37the Moscow Museum of Archaeology was opened. It actually opened on Moscow City Day.
19:46We now fully understand that as early as the beginning of the 16th century, on the site where we are
19:52now,
19:52first a dam was built, functioning both as a dam and as a bridge.
19:58It was created first and foremost for its firefighting properties.
20:03Then Boris Godunov replaced it with a grand white stone bridge.
20:09But that also served as a dam. There was only one arch for the water to flow through.
20:15Then, in the 18th century, when Peter Friedrich Hayden's design was built,
20:19it would become a very large, complex hydrotechnical construction, and not just a bridge.
20:27It became a dam with support built into the body of the dam, along with two drainage canals.
20:34The Neyklintka River again flowed through one arch.
20:38This changed the conception held by all of the historians and artists who painted or depicted the bridge.
20:44They depicted the river as being broad, flowing through several arches.
20:49In reality, this wasn't the case. The Neyklintka by then had already been essentially embanked and driven into a canal.
20:58That's why, at the beginning of the 19th century, when the Vaskrysensky bridge was demolished as a result of the
21:04Neyklintka being driven into an underground collector,
21:06it didn't result in any major changes to the landscape.
21:14Now we're going down into the body of the dam.
21:17It was here that the archaeologists found the remains of the dam bridge built at the beginning of the 16th
21:22century.
21:23Here they found fragments of the dam bridge built at the beginning of the 17th century.
21:29And you can see the restored fragments of the Vaskrysensky bridge support, built on the orders of Tsar Boris Godunov.
21:41They're made of unworked natural stone, for the simple reason that no one was supposed to see this section.
21:49Higher up there were polished slabs, which topped the bridge, which comprised seven arches.
21:55It was, in a way, similar to Western European bridges.
21:59It was fairly grand and was included in the general ceremonial route that foreign ambassadors followed on entering Moscow.
22:07They'd always come down Tverskaya Ulica.
22:10Then they would come out onto our Vaskrysensky bridge, leading to the Vaskrysensky gates,
22:16and then they would progress onto Red Square and into the Kremlin.
22:19Which is to say that, in general, in the 17th century, Vaskrysensky bridge wasn't just a bridge.
22:25It wasn't just a dam. It wasn't just a part of the city infrastructure.
22:29It was part of a major tsarist ceremonial route.
22:36At the Moscow Museum of Archaeology, you can see items found on Manezhneye Square
22:41and items found over the course of digs on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region in general.
22:48The first section covers the archaeology of Manezhneye Square, the life of the Streletsk Guard settlement,
22:55and the trade that flourished here, as well as items found during digs at the Moiseevsky nunnery.
23:04Here on Manezhneye Square, there was a settlement, an entire compact residential area, not just for a Streletsky regiment,
23:12but for the regiment that protected the tsar, his family and the Kremlin.
23:16As they were at the stirrups of the sovereign, as they said, they were called the stirrups or stremenoy regiment.
23:22The soldiers lived in their own homes with their wives and children, a mini military town.
23:30In the main room, the theme is the history and settlements of the Moscow region and the history and archaeology
23:36of Moscow itself.
23:38A lot of people are surprised by this because today Moscow is seen rather as a city of rulers, a
23:44city of the Beaumont, a city of some sort of business elite.
23:50The archaeological reality shows us that first and foremost Moscow was a city of craftsmen and of workers.
23:58We present a fairly large number of items used in everyday crafts, the works of craftsmen and their tools.
24:05What's more, in the widest sense, from bone cutters to jewelers, they were the people who created the heart and
24:11beauty of Moscow, not the boils and aristocrats.
24:19And we have to mention the merchant classes, of course.
24:23It was the merchants, first and foremost, who left buried treasure in Moscow.
24:27Several stores of treasure are presented here.
24:30You can see one of the largest now before you.
24:33It was discovered in 1996 during digs on the territory of the old Gastini Dvor on Market.
24:42The experts found two vessels. One was made of copper, the other of white clay.
24:48It became apparent that they found the largest treasure trove in Moscow.
24:53In the 1990s, they actually called it the giant treasure trove.
24:58There were over 90,000 Russian medieval Copic coins alone.
25:06Apart from the Russian coins, there were 350 Western European Tala coins.
25:12There was silver crockery, both locally produced and imported.
25:18There were also Russian silver chalices.
25:25There's another fascinating treasure trove on display at our museum.
25:29It's a trove found in 1970 in the Partievsky Alley.
25:32Perhaps the most astonishing thing about it is that it included over 3,000 silver coins.
25:39All of them foreign.
25:43McQueen's, which were used primarily in the Spanish colonies, where they were minted in South America.
25:51Only intensive research by our museum's coin specialists allowed us to work out how they got to Moscow.
25:58It's actually the history of the trade in silver which linked South America and Spain in the 17th century.
26:04The history of the war with the Dutch and of pirates.
26:08A major silver-bearing convoy was captured in the 1630s by the Dutch Navy.
26:14And some of those coins were put up on the stock exchange in Amsterdam
26:18and then bought by the Tsar's representatives and sent to Russia.
26:23So this find isn't just about the history of Moscow's archaeology, it's also about the history of trade and warfare
26:28in the 17th century.
26:36Ancient and modern characteristics of life in the capital in the exhibitions of the Museum of Moscow.
26:42The most unique exhibit is a jug that is the property of Grigory Afanasyev.
26:48Moscow generously shares its past.
26:52We were shoveling these ceramics out with spades because there was so much of it.
26:57How did these historic figures live?
27:00The skull of Ivan the Terrible survived in a far better condition, allowing us to recreate his external appearance.
27:15Often our archaeological achievements are best finds come when the archaeologists are working alongside the builders.
27:29If there's a major construction underway, it's the archaeologists that go first to the construction digs.
27:35That was the case tens of years ago, when straight after the Second World War, wide-scale archaeological study of
27:43the city began.
27:44The first monument that we studied, starting in 1946, was the territory of Goncharnaya Slaboda, literally the potter's village, Zaya
27:56Uzye.
27:59Zaya Uzye is today's Taganka neighborhood.
28:02For the capital's archaeologists, it's a key site.
28:06To a large extent, that's linked to the construction of the renowned skyscraper on Katilnicka embankment.
28:15We know that they produce ceramics there, and the cultural layer is made out of ceramics.
28:19We were digging all these ceramics out with spades, because there was just so much that we couldn't even count
28:25it on.
28:26It formed the cultural layer.
28:29When whole, interesting items were found, obviously they were all drawn and kept.
28:35Right then and there.
28:37For me, it was shocking that instead of earth, you were digging in pure ceramics, heaps of broken ceramics.
28:44Later, the researchers moved over the Yauza river and found themselves on the territory of today's Zaryadya district.
28:52That neighborhood was being actively reconstructed during that period and there were major investigations that gave us a lot in
28:58terms of understanding the life of medieval Moscow.
29:04Zaryadya was the district beyond the trading stalls. Linguistically, that's even how its name was derived.
29:12It was one of the first districts to be settled after the Kremlin itself.
29:16It's a riverside territory.
29:19It's unique for archaeologists because the damp layer really preserves organic matter well.
29:26That's to say, items made from wood, from bark, from skins, the stuff that usually rots away in cultural layers
29:35in other regions of the city.
29:37In Zaryadya, it's all preserved really well.
29:46On the territory of Zaryadya, we found a huge volume of objects that Muscovites used in their everyday lives.
29:54There was a lot of varied crockery.
29:56There were objects linked to the crafts that our Muscovites worked in and the trading they carried out.
30:04And, of course, the most unique exhibit in this display is the jug of Grigori Afanasyev.
30:17This black glazed jug was brought to our collection by the builders.
30:22They found it at the bottom of a medieval well, phoned the Museum of Moscow and asked what they should
30:28do with this find.
30:31It was only when the jug was brought to the museum that we saw that on the neck there was
30:36an inscription.
30:37The jug is the property of Grigori Afanasyev.
30:41This Muscovite merchant lived in the 17th century and he had a stall on the territory of Kitai Goro.
30:48And how much do you think he paid for it?
30:50Two and a half rubles a year.
30:53That was the price back then.
30:55Two and a half rubles back then was a decent sum because for a copec you could buy 100 cucumbers.
31:03And a big magnificent thoroughbred horse or a book would cost you five rubles.
31:18The fourth and last, I hope it won't be the last that we ever find,
31:23Birchbark manuscript that has been found in the history of archaeology in Moscow was found in 2015.
31:29It was found in Zaryadye.
31:31It's the only Muscovite manuscript that has a story behind it.
31:36It's a message, we don't know who from, saying that that person was going to Kastramar.
31:41But a certain Yuri and his mother stopped him, sent him back and took double a certain amount.
31:52What was going on?
31:53The return of a debt or a tithe that hadn't been paid?
31:59We don't know.
32:01But we know, of course, that these people had the power to turn someone back and charge them 88 copecs.
32:12Back then, that was quite a large amount.
32:16What's more, part of that amount was taken in silver, a half ruble of silver.
32:23Part was paid in silver, a ruble and a half, and the rest was in squirrel hides, animal skins were
32:29used back then alongside normal coins.
32:31Who was this mysterious Yuri and his mother?
32:35There's a theory that it was one of the sons of Dmitriy Donskoy, Yuri Dmitrievich, who after the death of
32:42his father became Prince Vinigorozky.
32:47His mother was the wife or widow of Donskoy, Yevdokya Dmitrievna.
32:54That's the fascinating mystery given to us by the fourth Moscow Birch Park letter.
33:02We exhibit it, of course, alongside the items that were found in the same cultural layer, at the same level.
33:10This and coins and trade stamps would tell us about Zaryadya's trading history and a rider's stirrup.
33:20The author of the letter no doubt set off for distant Kostroma on horseback after all.
33:42At the beginning of the 2000s, there was a terrible fire in the centre of Moscow.
33:47The Manezh building, a historic construction, built back in the 19th century, burned.
33:55As a result of that great tragedy, archaeologists got the chance to study the cultural layer under the Manezh itself.
34:04During the digs under the Manezh, the archaeologists found a hiding place dating back to the invasion of Khan Taktamush,
34:12who burned Moscow down in 1382.
34:17A unique sword was found in that hiding place.
34:21We often find depictions of such swords on the pages of the Russian chronicles.
34:28Archaeologists had never found such a weapon, still in one piece, on the territory of Moscow, however.
34:33Our sword has preserved everything, the large blade and the handle with its pommel.
34:42This sword probably belonged to one of the prince's men.
34:47He might have died defending the Kremlin, defending Moscow during Taktamush's invasion.
34:55The person that picked up the sword after his death tried to hide it, in order to come back for
35:03it later.
35:03But perhaps he himself died too.
35:07And for centuries, the sword was left lying beneath the earth of Moscow.
35:13During the digs, it was as if the Moscow archaeologists found themselves on battlefields, finding all manner of weapons and
35:20armor that were used during campaigns and battles.
35:25The chain mail and helmets of warriors, including fairly large ones created by skilled craftsmen.
35:35Sometimes we find it very difficult to imagine how one person or another looked in the Middle Ages.
35:41Because, as we know, they didn't paint portraits back then.
35:46But historians are aided by a method for the reconstruction of a person's appearance using their skull and bones.
35:53In front of us, we've got a reconstruction of Tsar Ivan the Terrible.
35:59Mikhail Gerasimov moulded the sovereign using the remains that were found in 1963,
36:03when the Sala Sarcophagus in the Arkhangelsky Cathedral of Moscow's Kremlin was opened.
36:13Why was that done?
36:15The experts wanted to establish if the painter, Ilya Repin, had been telling us the truth when he painted his
36:22masterpiece,
36:23Ivan the Terrible killing his son.
36:30They wanted to find out if Ivan really did kill his son, Tsarevich Ivan.
36:38Was there any evidence of blows to be found on his skull?
36:44To find out, not only Ivan the Terrible, but also his sons Ivan and Fyodor were disinterred.
36:55Unfortunately, the experts weren't able to establish if Ivan the Terrible really did kill his son.
37:03The skull was very badly preserved.
37:08The skull of Ivan the Terrible was far better preserved, which allowed us to recreate his appearance.
37:18The Soviet scientist Mikhail Gerasimov personally carried out about 200 reconstructions,
37:24recreating the appearance of a huge variety of historical personages.
37:29They included a sculptural portrait of the Prince of Vladimir Suzdal, Andrei Bogalyubsky,
37:35who lived in the 12th century and fell victim to a Boyar plot and was killed at the height of
37:41his political power.
37:49The archaeology department of the Museum of Moscow contains thousands of items in its collection,
37:55and every exhibit is accounted for.
37:57In the formation of a new exhibition, the staff creates a special assembly sheet,
38:02so that we can envisage how all this will look in the display cases.
38:07On a large sheet, the object itself is drawn, its contours are outlined, its most significant features are noted,
38:15and it's given an archive.
38:17The item itself, if it's small, a bead saying might not have a number on it.
38:21A separate label is tied on.
38:23In order not to lose that bead, and so that it can always be found, it's noted separately on the
38:29assembly sheet,
38:31where each item is located.
38:34The assembly sheet gives the curators the information they need to create records
38:38that control the movement of items around the museum.
38:45We're trying to put together the largest archaeological collection in the city,
38:50certifying it in time and in relation to the different monuments,
38:54in terms of the street names and districts.
39:00An archaeological map of the city in terms of its objects is created in this way.
39:08You can come to us at any time and find out what Moscow was like in one period or another
39:13from the point of view of the archaeology.
39:17Since the moment of its foundation, Moscow has grown and changed.
39:22And just like its streets, the histories and fates of its inhabitants are woven into it.
39:27The archaeologists and custodians of the Museum of Moscow preserve that history and every object.
39:34In essence, their stopping time.
39:37Our main goal is to preserve what we have at present.
39:42To grow and expand these archaeological riches for Moscow's depths.
39:48And of course, to show all this to those who are interested in Russian history,
39:54in the history of Moscow, to show them to our visitors, exhibiting them and showing all our treasures at the
40:02Museum's exhibitions.
40:24To be continued...
40:25To be continued...
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