- il y a 15 heures
In the Mind of an Entrepreneur How Do Leaders Make Decisions
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00:00Welcome to Startup Thursday here at Viva Tech.
00:04We're going to do something quite extraordinary now.
00:07And as I mentioned, if you're in the first couple of rows,
00:09can you please make sure you have your Bluetooth turned off?
00:13We are going into the mind of an entrepreneur
00:15to find out what makes it tick.
00:18Is it ideas and ingenuity?
00:20Is it concentration and courage?
00:23These are all traits that we often talk about,
00:25but we're going to ask now,
00:26can we train our brain towards these skills
00:29and create an entrepreneurial mindset?
00:32That's what neuroscientist Dr. Stephen Loris here has been working on.
00:38And with the very kind participation of Frederic Mazzala,
00:41who is one of France's most successful serial entrepreneurs,
00:44the founder of BlaBlaCar and Captain Cause,
00:47we're going to find out.
00:48So now, welcome to Viva Tech, Dr. Loris and Frederic Mazzala.
00:52Over to you.
00:55Thank you.
00:57All right.
00:58Let's let the experiment begin.
01:01We can switch
01:05and hit it.
01:11He told me he would do that.
01:12I didn't believe him.
01:14There you go, working with entrepreneurs.
01:16So, what do we see here?
01:18There's a couple of electrodes.
01:20Thank you again, Fred.
01:21Very brave, very courageous to be a guinea pig.
01:23We're measuring, and you're seeing the result of what's going on in Fred's brain.
01:30There's a lot going on, believe me.
01:33And it's a little bit like listening to an orchestra,
01:37even maybe several orchestras.
01:39And now we have mathematical tools to extract.
01:42This is the violin.
01:43These are, you know, the guitar, the vocals.
01:46And so we have 120 components.
01:49So I don't know, Fred, what you're thinking about right now.
01:52But there's a lot.
01:54Hello, everybody.
01:55So we see these colors.
01:57And to oversimplify, every line is like, indeed, general tension, stress,
02:06focused attention, executive functions, emotion, perception.
02:11You're hearing stuff.
02:12You're seeing things.
02:12So it's like visualizing Fred's thoughts.
02:16And they jump from one to the other.
02:18Okay?
02:18I think that's quite clear.
02:20So what I want to do now,
02:23this is what we call the continuous stream of consciousness, the monkey mind.
02:27And I want to do an exercise, not just with Fred,
02:31but with each and every one of you.
02:33So I would like you to sit comfortably straight.
02:38We're all going to participate here.
02:40So just put both feet, Fred, comfortably.
02:47When it's red, it means I'm stressed.
02:51I'm scared.
02:52I'm scared now.
02:53I understand.
02:54I went from stressed to scared.
02:55I'm having the easy roll.
03:01So if we do this exercise, and you will do it, we'll all do it.
03:06So you can close your eyes now, Fred.
03:08Go inside your bubble.
03:11Just let me guide you through this.
03:14And we're going to focus the attention,
03:16each and every one here, standing, sitting, on the breathing.
03:21Okay?
03:21When there's thoughts coming up,
03:23we just let them pass by.
03:26Bring the attention back to the breathing.
03:29Here we go.
03:30Inhale through the nose.
03:35Out through the mouth.
03:40Wonderful.
03:42In.
03:45And now a bit longer out.
03:51You can put your hands on your belly when you inhale, big belly.
03:59And let them go, tightly.
04:06Wonderful.
04:08In.
04:13A bit longer out.
04:21We'll do two more, doing great.
04:30Let him go.
04:36And the last one.
04:53Okay, Fred, and everyone, you can open the eyes.
04:56Reconnect with the here and now.
04:58I think we can applaud.
05:03We tried this.
05:04We can still leave it on.
05:07We tried this yesterday.
05:10It's a challenge.
05:11To just keep the focus on one thing.
05:14We tried it with your favorite music.
05:18but you were, like, analyzing the music
05:21and there was a lot of cognition going on.
05:22Yeah, it didn't work
05:23because since I've done a lot of music,
05:26when I hear music,
05:27I hear the notes
05:28and I recompose the part.
05:30And so it keeps my brain, like, super busy.
05:34But here, I think you did great.
05:36I was a bit stressed.
05:38Because you see, right,
05:40these colors, red, yellow, green, blue.
05:43You, the monkey mind,
05:45your thoughts were jumping.
05:46You're all creative ideas
05:48and, you know, I need to do this.
05:50And then something happens, right?
05:52We see this stability.
05:54And that's the power of meditation.
05:56So we can decide where we put our attention.
05:59And I don't know about you,
06:00but sometimes that little voice in my head
06:02goes in overdrive
06:04and it keeps me from sleeping.
06:07It can make me anxious.
06:08So this is a way to deal with
06:12what we call the autonomic nervous system.
06:16So when there's a tiger,
06:19historically, we needed to run away or fight it.
06:22And so the orthosympathic system activates.
06:25So my blood pressure goes up,
06:27heart rate, cortisol stress hormones.
06:30That's the orthosympathic system.
06:32And that's still activated.
06:34There's not so many tigers in your office or mine,
06:37but it's an email or a call or a notification, whatever.
06:41So it's the same.
06:42Oh, a doctor with electrodes.
06:45Or I'm a nice doctor.
06:46Don't worry.
06:48And then there's the other.
06:49So what we just did is a way to focus our attention, okay?
06:53And to get some grip on what's going on up there.
06:57But also the breathing meditation,
06:59every time we exhale,
07:00and I said exhale a little bit longer
07:03because that stimulates the parasympathic nervous system,
07:06which is the opposite.
07:07So my heart rate goes down.
07:09And so this is a very powerful tool.
07:12And that's what I use when I'm on stage
07:16with entrepreneurs who are very challenging.
07:20guinea pigs, but Buddhist monks, they're great.
07:23You know, they can really go in their bubble or top athletes.
07:27So for me, experiments successful.
07:31Thank you so much.
07:33And I hope you all enjoy this very simple exercise
07:37that you can do anytime, anywhere.
07:40Okay, is it the end of the experiment?
07:42This is the end of the experiment.
07:44Okay, I'm still alive.
07:45We can just applaud for that.
07:47I mean, we're all alive.
07:51Thank you very much.
07:53It was an awesome experiment.
07:57Fred, bravo on those blue lines there.
07:59I was trying.
08:00I don't think mine was going.
08:01My mind was steady.
08:02You enjoyed it?
08:03I loved it.
08:04How about you guys?
08:05Yeah, okay.
08:06I'm going to ask you now both some questions.
08:09Let's learn a little bit more about this
08:11as an experience and as an experiment, okay?
08:15First of all, some of us have had maybe an experience
08:17of seeing into our bodies with scans, ultrasounds.
08:22Fred, how is it to see inside your own mind?
08:25Is it freaky?
08:26Is it fascinating?
08:27It's freaky.
08:27It's freaky.
08:29I mean, you don't know what you'll see.
08:31You don't know what...
08:31I mean, it's one of the freedom we have
08:36is to let our mind go on all the topics
08:39and everything that happens to us.
08:41It's really somewhere where it's safe
08:43and that you can feel you can have all the thoughts
08:46you want before it gets out
08:49and before you discuss with others.
08:51it's a zone of total freedom
08:55and then you decide what comes out
08:58and what you'll be discussing with others,
09:00what you'll be building and everything
09:01and it's kind of the conclusion of some thoughts you had
09:05and so the fact that you say you're entering in the mind,
09:09I mean, it's freaking
09:10because you're like, okay,
09:11but before I talk to someone,
09:14before I interact,
09:15before I decide something,
09:16my mind is just a mess.
09:18I mean, I'm thinking so many things.
09:20There are like a hundred things I'm thinking about
09:22before I formulate something which makes sense.
09:25I hope.
09:26Yeah, this journey of this maybe jumble of thoughts
09:29that you have in there,
09:30how you bring that out into a coherent...
09:33Yeah, we can see it
09:34because when I try to think about just one thing,
09:38then we see the brain is very quiet, I guess.
09:41That's what you see.
09:42The blue colors, the stability.
09:43The blue colors, yeah.
09:44It means like it's stable
09:45and it's not a mess anymore
09:47because just thinking about one thing
09:49but other than that,
09:50when you don't do that,
09:51when you don't focus on something very precise,
09:54there are so many thoughts going around
09:58that, yeah, I was scared you would see something
10:01but actually it's okay for now.
10:03It's confidential.
10:03It's confidential.
10:04And maybe you have some more data you didn't share.
10:06At the moment, we just do see colors.
10:08We don't see the images yet.
10:10I think that's when it's going to get really freaky.
10:11We can decode using AI.
10:14Okay, let me just ask our audience,
10:17we can take questions from you as well.
10:19You can use the Slido app to ask questions
10:22so that we can integrate your thoughts into this.
10:25But quick show of hands,
10:26if you have the opportunity,
10:28how many of you would like to try this experiment
10:30and go into your brain as well?
10:33All right, yeah, yeah.
10:35Lots of courageous people.
10:36It's still a bit freaky
10:38and you've got to be brave to do it.
10:40But I imagine at some point,
10:41you know, the way the technology is evolving,
10:44maybe to help us calm and relax,
10:47concentrate our thoughts,
10:48this will be one thing we're all using.
10:50Okay.
10:51So ask your questions in Slido.
10:53We'll be taking those in just a few seconds.
10:56I want to ask you about this
10:58because this is sort of into two parts as such.
11:00There's the visibility into the brain activity
11:03that we've just seen here.
11:04Fred and yourself have demonstrated this.
11:07And then there's the brain training part.
11:09How do we then actually use that
11:11to help us control our minds
11:13in the right way as such?
11:15Where are we on those two parts?
11:17You've shown us the visibility part.
11:19Where are we on the brain training part?
11:21So we're studying entrepreneurs,
11:25what makes them tick.
11:26We had COVID,
11:27some did very well,
11:28others, you know, went bankrupt.
11:31So this is the work of Frédéric Ohms.
11:34He did his PhD on this.
11:36He's now a professor at the HEC Liège.
11:39We collaborate with Canada,
11:42where I am setting up a lab,
11:44HEC Montréal.
11:45So we have hundreds of entrepreneurs
11:47and we ask them many, many questions.
11:49Okay.
11:50Many of them actually,
11:51when we ask,
11:52when we use these ADHD scales,
11:55you know,
11:55there seems to be some attention deficit,
11:57some hyperactivity.
11:59And that's all right.
12:01I think my job as a physician
12:02is to put a diagnosis and a label.
12:05I don't think
12:06we should necessarily put these labels
12:10like you are ADHD
12:11and you need this drug
12:12or you are Asperger.
12:14There's more of a spectrum.
12:15This is the neurodiversity.
12:16And I think we can make use
12:18of all those talents or qualities.
12:20And at the same time,
12:22you're right,
12:24we can develop
12:27what seems to be very important
12:29for entrepreneurs
12:30is cognitive flexibility.
12:32What is cognitive flexibility?
12:33It's your capacity to adapt
12:35to an ever-changing reality.
12:37It is not always going according to plan.
12:39That's also true
12:40for each and every one of us.
12:41And so we see a couple of guys here,
12:44the CEO of Chocolat Galère,
12:47in Belgium,
12:49Peter Hinson,
12:51Trends Manager of the Year,
12:52Jean-Pierre Lutgen,
12:53many others we put in the machines.
12:55You see in the lab,
12:56I have like 250 electrodes.
12:58Of course,
12:59that's way more powerful
13:00to try and understand.
13:01And we linked the capacity
13:03of cognitive flexibility
13:04to a part deep into the brain,
13:08we call the insula.
13:09It's a little island.
13:09and we saw that this part
13:11is structurally different
13:12from other people,
13:14especially in,
13:15you know,
13:16experienced entrepreneurs,
13:17serial entrepreneurs,
13:18the difference with startups,
13:20with managers,
13:20and the way this part of the brain
13:22connects with the prefrontal cortex.
13:23And then there's things like sleep.
13:25Many of us think,
13:28you know,
13:29maybe I can sleep a bit less,
13:31it's a waste of time.
13:32Well,
13:32cognitive flexibility
13:33will be directly impaired
13:35or reduced
13:37when there's sleep deprivation.
13:40So that's one thing.
13:41I think we should go
13:42for good quality sleep
13:44and things like meditation.
13:46This is really mental gymnastic.
13:48It's training attention.
13:49This is fascinating.
13:51You know,
13:51many of us are now tracking our sleep
13:53with our watches
13:54and our devices
13:55and we get our sort of
13:56our sleep scores.
13:57But imagine if you could have
13:58your sort of like
13:58cognitive diversity score each day.
14:01That would be even freaky as well.
14:04I want to think about
14:05what are some of the applications
14:06that we're doing with this.
14:09Fred,
14:10are there times
14:11where you think
14:11from a business
14:12or innovation,
14:14entrepreneurial point
14:15that this may have helped you
14:16overcome some challenges,
14:18some obstacles?
14:20Fred,
14:20do you want me to take that off?
14:22Yeah,
14:22this is a question.
14:23Thank you.
14:24I don't know who ever asked
14:25that the electrons be removed.
14:28Yeah!
14:30Sorry about that.
14:31So yeah,
14:31no,
14:31it was not going inside
14:33the brain.
14:34That was the reason
14:34why it was asked.
14:35We can do that.
14:37Ah!
14:39Yes,
14:39there's a lot of other volunteers
14:41in the room.
14:42So you have lots
14:43of other people
14:45to try on.
14:47So yeah,
14:48I forgot the question.
14:49See?
14:49My focus disappeared.
14:50The question was,
14:50are there any times
14:51where you think
14:51that this could have helped
14:53you overcome
14:53some challenges
14:54or the obstacles
14:55that you face?
14:56Well, no,
14:56the main thing
14:57I remarked,
14:59becoming an entrepreneur
15:00and having more
15:01and more and more
15:02and more things
15:03to manage
15:03at the same time
15:04is that you develop
15:06over the time
15:07a capacity
15:08to have several threads
15:10of thinking
15:11in your mind.
15:12I guess it's a bit like,
15:13you know,
15:14when you learn chess
15:15and then the very,
15:17very advanced chess players
15:20are able to play
15:21several games
15:24at the same time
15:25with 10,
15:2620,
15:2750 people
15:27and then each time
15:29they arrive
15:29on this very chess game,
15:32they remember
15:33all the context
15:34from it.
15:35They go deep dive in it
15:37and they're like,
15:37okay,
15:37the next move
15:38is this one.
15:39And then they switch
15:40and they switch
15:41and they switch
15:41but for each game
15:43they are very concentrated
15:44and I remarked
15:46that I had to develop
15:47that ability
15:48to be able to cope
15:50with all the different topics
15:52that arrive
15:53when your company grows
15:56because there are
15:58lots of topics
15:58from,
15:59of course,
16:01what the customers want,
16:04what message
16:06or communication
16:07you want to send,
16:08how you will structure
16:09the team,
16:10how you recruit,
16:11what about the finance,
16:12what about marketing,
16:13what about product,
16:14what about tech,
16:14what about whatever.
16:16And the topics
16:17each time,
16:18that's why it's fascinating
16:19because it's always
16:20very deep,
16:21very broad
16:22as well as fields.
16:24It's so broad
16:25that some people
16:26and some departments
16:27have for their
16:29not unique
16:30but most important task
16:32to structure that.
16:33But as a CEO,
16:35as the founder
16:36of the structure
16:38of the company,
16:39you want everything
16:40to be coherent
16:41and you have to understand
16:42lots and lots
16:43and lots of parts
16:44of your activity,
16:46of course,
16:46and to be able
16:47to deep dive in them.
16:49So the context switching
16:51thing is something
16:52I realized
16:52I had to develop
16:53and the only way
16:54to cope with it
16:55is not to try
16:57to have several threads
16:58thinking at the same time
17:00but it's when you're
17:01in a meeting
17:01with someone
17:02and the topic
17:03is marketing,
17:05you talk about marketing
17:06and you're on it.
17:08If the topic
17:08is recruitment,
17:09the topic is recruitment,
17:10you're on it.
17:11And then five minutes later,
17:13you may be on another topic
17:14but you will deep dive
17:15on it
17:15and you try to focus
17:16on that very topic
17:18in order to have
17:20an interesting interaction
17:21with the people
17:22in the team.
17:23Otherwise,
17:24your mind goes all over.
17:25So maybe,
17:26and my question for you,
17:28Stephen,
17:28was,
17:31does it evolve
17:32over time?
17:33How can you train
17:34your brain
17:35to actually
17:36be more compatible
17:38with context switching
17:39facilities?
17:40and what I remarked
17:43as well
17:43is when sometimes
17:46people came on board
17:47with me
17:47and were exposed
17:48to all the activities
17:49I have to deal with,
17:52the first days
17:54or weeks,
17:55I had people
17:55who had headaches
17:56like trying to follow me
17:59and everything
17:59on the meetings
18:00I was doing
18:01because they were like
18:01it's changing topics
18:03all the time
18:03and each time
18:04it's topics
18:05which are complicated
18:06and lots of people
18:07have been working on it
18:08and then they arrive
18:09with a problem,
18:09usually the problem
18:10is already too late
18:12I mean it had to be solved
18:13for yesterday
18:15and they were not able
18:17to solve it
18:17and then they expect you
18:18to somehow
18:20deep dive into the topic
18:22and find a solution
18:24on the spot
18:25even though you're not
18:27an expert in the field
18:28but using your focus
18:30and also trying to figure out
18:33how it relates
18:33to all the other
18:36important engagement
18:37of the company
18:38you're able to find
18:39a solution
18:39so can you train
18:41your brain
18:42to actually develop
18:44context switching
18:45possibilities
18:46I think yes
18:47because I think
18:48that's what I developed
18:49over the years
18:50but it took me a while
18:51to figure out
18:52that was a requirement
18:54if you're not
18:57able to do
18:58context switching
18:59you're not able
19:00to build your company
19:02and grow it
19:02so the answer is yes
19:04so the answer is yes
19:05and you've experienced it
19:06and we can show
19:08the slide
19:09where this
19:11if you train
19:13Fred
19:13is what you can achieve
19:14so I study the brain
19:17of Mathieu Ricard
19:18you know the Buddhist
19:19you know the Buddhist monk
19:19translated for that
19:20the Lama
19:20when I'm in the Himalayas
19:22China, India
19:23I have this little device
19:25with me
19:25and I can study
19:27these guys
19:27so Zen masters
19:29these are extraordinary
19:31athletes of the mind
19:32so actually you see
19:33what happens
19:35when they meditate
19:36right
19:36like Lama Zopa
19:38up there
19:38he went on a retreat
19:40for three years
19:40three months
19:41three days
19:43I invite you
19:44on a retreat
19:45just three days
19:46three years
19:47just three days
19:48and you can train
19:49so of course
19:50we're not Buddhist
19:51right
19:51and Mathieu
19:52is not an entrepreneur
19:53so we all have
19:54our challenges
19:55but I think
19:56we can learn
19:56from that
19:57and that's what
19:58I summarize
19:58in my book
19:59it's not a question
20:00of belief
20:01this is really
20:03something
20:03that we can
20:05visualize
20:06with these
20:07brain scanners
20:08it's called
20:08neuroplasticity
20:09so
20:10the thousands
20:11of billions
20:11of brain connections
20:12yes
20:14if you are motivated
20:15you can
20:17improve these skills
20:18and I think
20:18it's part of my
20:20message here
20:21so definitely
20:22big yes
20:22I think one of the things
20:24I like about this
20:25as well
20:25as we can see here
20:26from the scan
20:27with Mathieu Ricard
20:28is you can actually
20:29I guess see the progress
20:30you're making
20:31as you're training
20:32because often
20:33when you're trying
20:34to learn something new
20:35it can be difficult
20:35to progress
20:36because you're thinking
20:36I'm getting nowhere
20:37but with this
20:38you actually have
20:39a visual feedback
20:40as to what's going on
20:41in real time
20:42as well
20:42so that must be
20:43quite useful
20:44in the training
20:45can I say something
20:46the next slide
20:48we showed
20:49in athletes
20:50exactly the point
20:51you raised
20:51so I ran
20:52the New York
20:53marathon
20:53with my son
20:54his 18th birthday
20:55a day
20:56with this thing
20:57and so
20:58of course
20:58we have
20:59heart rate monitors
21:00and so we stay
21:01in the zone
21:01but I
21:02on my smartphone
21:03was seeing
21:04you know
21:05whether or not
21:05I was in the flow
21:06these athletes
21:07were going to have
21:08the Olympics
21:09there's a lot
21:09of pressure
21:10four years
21:11of work
21:11and then they
21:12need to deliver
21:12on that exact moment
21:14it's not just
21:15a physical
21:17training
21:17so again
21:19these exceptional guys
21:20Olympic champions
21:21we see a couple
21:22of them there
21:22we published
21:23on the brain
21:23of Guillaume Nery
21:25and so we see him
21:26there in the lab
21:27with all these
21:28electrodes
21:28holding his breath
21:30because that's what
21:30he does
21:31as an athlete
21:31he's a free diver
21:32world champion
21:33from France
21:34for how long
21:35eight minutes
21:36eight minutes
21:37don't try that
21:38at home
21:39and what we saw
21:40in Guillaume Nery's
21:41brain was very
21:42similar to what
21:43we see in these
21:44Buddhist monks
21:45that is really
21:45this absolute
21:47focus concentration
21:48and again
21:49I think we can
21:49learn from that
21:50and yes
21:51we're now working
21:52with these guys
21:53to have that feedback
21:54and that helps them
21:56these top athletes
21:57to better perform
21:59and I'm convinced
22:01this is something
22:01we're going to see
22:02more in the future
22:04the devices exist
22:06can I ask
22:07can we get
22:07the Slido QR code
22:09up please
22:10so that we can
22:10get some questions
22:11from our audience
22:12also in here
22:14I just want to
22:15so you've been
22:15working with monks
22:16we saw that
22:17with Mathieu Ricard
22:18with sports
22:18also musicians
22:20I believe
22:20you've done this
22:21what have you seen
22:21with the mind
22:22of musicians
22:23so all these
22:24extraordinary people
22:25for me
22:25are very very
22:26interesting
22:26so musicians
22:28we study the brain
22:29of the director
22:31of the Brussels opera
22:32a la Altenoglu
22:33when he comes
22:34to the lab
22:35and he's
22:36you know
22:37composing
22:38and I know
22:39you also
22:39are composing music
22:41right
22:41so this is
22:42absolute creativity
22:43and we see
22:45this kind of
22:45firework
22:46there's really
22:47a lot of
22:48interaction
22:48in the brain
22:49and sometimes
22:51it just
22:52doesn't work
22:53and so
22:54trying to understand
22:55that process
22:56and again
22:57learn
22:57from these
22:58top
22:59musicians
23:00where we
23:01for example
23:01and others
23:03looked at the difference
23:04what if I play music
23:06you know
23:06an imposed piece
23:07I just
23:08know it by heart
23:09I play it
23:10it's very different
23:11from when I'm
23:13improvising
23:14a jazz player
23:15so all of these things
23:17for us
23:17are fascinating
23:18and I think
23:19we can
23:19learn from it
23:21so maybe
23:22since I'm here
23:23I'm asking questions
23:24to you
23:24so regarding music
23:26what I've remarked
23:28as well
23:28is that
23:29there is a memory
23:31and an understanding
23:32of how you play
23:34and what you play
23:36which happens here
23:37in your brain
23:38but there is also
23:39and I play the piano
23:40there is also
23:41memories in the hands
23:42for sure
23:43which means
23:44once you've trained them
23:45you can think about
23:47something else
23:48and the hands
23:48just do it
23:49and if you haven't
23:51played a piece of music
23:52for like
23:53five years
23:53or ten years
23:54and then you come back
23:55your brain may not
23:56remember
23:57but your hands
23:58remember something
23:58that muscle memory
24:00there is something here
24:01for sure
24:02so maybe that
24:04relates to the fact
24:05you say
24:05when you play
24:06a piece of music
24:07you've been rehearsing
24:08for many many many times
24:10the brain activity
24:11is not the same at all
24:13as when you are
24:14improvising
24:14because when you're
24:15improvising
24:15of course
24:16there is no hand memory
24:17and when you play
24:19a piece
24:19you know
24:20there is a hand memory
24:21but also
24:21when you're improvising
24:22and when you're creating
24:24there's
24:24the heart
24:25and I think
24:26this is something
24:27we should reconnect to
24:28we're here
24:28excited
24:29these robots
24:30AI
24:30and yet I think
24:32the challenge
24:32is also to reconnect
24:33with our humanity
24:34it's a world of difference
24:36to have AI
24:37composed a piece of music
24:38or you
24:39or any other musician
24:41and if you play
24:43the same thing
24:43robots can play
24:45and it looks
24:46but every evening
24:47it's the same thing
24:47if you play
24:49a piece of music
24:49there is
24:50your heart
24:50is in it
24:51your soul
24:52and so
24:52that for me
24:53is very important
24:54not to forget
24:55you know
24:55we are
24:56and hopefully
24:56we'll never
24:57become robots
24:58we've definitely
24:59connected with
24:59our audience
25:00here
25:00because we have
25:01lots of questions
25:02coming in
25:02do entrepreneurs
25:05stimulate additional
25:06parts of the brain
25:07that us lambda
25:09people don't
25:10usually exploit
25:10is there a secret
25:11part of the brain
25:12that entrepreneurs
25:14are accessing
25:15well
25:15we're very arrogant
25:16to say
25:17that
25:17I understand
25:20how
25:21not just
25:22the entrepreneur's
25:23brain
25:23but the brain
25:24in general
25:24I think
25:24it's one of these
25:25huge challenges
25:27where ignorance
25:27is just huge
25:28but
25:29yes
25:30if we study
25:34entrepreneurs
25:34and
25:35we study
25:36lots of them
25:37this is not just
25:38putting one person
25:39in a scanner
25:39and say
25:40you know
25:40you're not an entrepreneur
25:41forget it
25:41no
25:42I believe
25:42in talent
25:44is motivation
25:45but then
25:46you can develop things
25:47so indeed
25:49we see this difference
25:50as said
25:51and we're continuing
25:51that area
25:53of research
25:54to basically
25:56accompany
25:58young entrepreneurs
26:00and you're also
26:01into social entrepreneurship
26:02which I think
26:03is very important
26:04so I think
26:06through neuroscience
26:07we can indeed
26:08well
26:10help
26:11and assist
26:11and develop
26:12the tools
26:13entrepreneurs need
26:14If I can add
26:15something
26:15not related
26:16to how the brain
26:18functions
26:18because I'm not
26:19an expert
26:19obviously
26:20but
26:20regarding
26:21sort of attitude
26:23that is
26:26that you have
26:27to adopt
26:27as an entrepreneur
26:28is the attitude
26:29of
26:29listening
26:32to
26:32all types
26:33of information
26:34and
26:35filter
26:36and synthesize
26:37what you've heard
26:38but
26:39first of all
26:40like being
26:41in a listening
26:41mode
26:42and even
26:43when you
26:43ask a question
26:44or
26:45when you
26:47want to
26:48convince someone
26:48you may
26:49have arguments
26:50and you may
26:51be a bit pushy
26:52about what
26:53you're presenting
26:54but
26:54right after
26:56you have to
26:56hear the feedback
26:57and really
26:58take it
26:59listen to it
27:00as long as
27:00you can
27:01to really
27:02understand
27:02the other
27:03and have
27:03some
27:04kind of
27:04empathy
27:05of course
27:06for what
27:07the other
27:07person
27:08is expressing
27:08and then
27:09you get
27:11this information
27:12you take it
27:13and you
27:14bring it
27:14in your
27:15I would say
27:16in your
27:16full storage
27:17of all
27:18the reactions
27:19you can have
27:21or you have had
27:22and you compare them
27:24and you make
27:24a synthesis
27:25out of it
27:25but if you don't
27:27open
27:27and hear
27:28exactly
27:29try to
27:30understand
27:30perfectly
27:31what the other
27:31is saying
27:32you're missing
27:33half of the
27:34very important
27:35information
27:36that will help
27:37you design
27:38the right
27:38strategy
27:39the right
27:40vision
27:41the right
27:41product
27:41as well
27:42and especially
27:43a vision
27:43that is
27:44compatible
27:44with the
27:45world
27:45we're in
27:45because it's
27:46very easy
27:47to have a
27:47vision
27:47which is
27:48totally
27:48incompatible
27:49with the
27:50world
27:50we live
27:50in
27:51it's a lot
27:52harder
27:52to transform
27:53this vision
27:54into something
27:55that works
27:55and the only
27:56way you can
27:56do it
27:56is by
27:58testing your
27:59idea
27:59testing your
28:00vision
28:01and adapting
28:02to whatever
28:03feedback you
28:04get
28:04and I don't
28:05know how it
28:06translates into
28:06the brain
28:07but I would
28:08say for the
28:08entrepreneurs
28:09maybe the
28:10part which
28:11could be
28:12more developed
28:13is the
28:14ear
28:14it's like
28:15really
28:17like getting
28:19the feedback
28:20nurturing your
28:22reflection
28:22with all the
28:24information that
28:24comes from
28:25outside
28:25mindful
28:27listening
28:27when you're
28:28having a
28:29discussion
28:30just be there
28:31and not
28:31trying to
28:32multitask
28:33actually the
28:33brain is
28:34very very
28:34bad
28:34you compare
28:35it to
28:35chess
28:36players
28:37actually we
28:38always switch
28:39and that
28:39costs a lot
28:40of energy
28:40so it's way
28:41smarter as you
28:42said to just
28:43be there
28:43discuss one
28:44topic
28:45take it in
28:46and again
28:48yeah we can
28:48link that to
28:49those attentional
28:50networks
28:51we have a
28:52question just
28:53about that
28:54actually I
28:54think which
28:55comes back to
28:55the point you
28:56made earlier
28:56Fred about
28:57focus
28:57okay I'm not
28:59jumping around
28:59is there a
29:00way to know
29:01and to measure
29:02the limits
29:02and the
29:03capacity let's
29:04say of your
29:05attention so to
29:06know where to
29:06focus and when
29:07maybe to
29:08switch
29:08Fred as an
29:09entrepreneur how
29:10do you do
29:10that how do
29:11you know when
29:12you're able to
29:12truly focus and
29:14when is the
29:14time for you to
29:15you need to
29:15switch
29:15well it's
29:17it's very it's
29:18much easier when
29:19you are physically
29:20with the person
29:21the most the way
29:26I found which is
29:27the easiest is to
29:28look at the
29:29person in the
29:29eyes this there is
29:31a connection when
29:32you look at
29:32someone in the
29:33eyes you have to
29:34be there I mean
29:36it's otherwise
29:37it's if you look
29:39at someone and
29:39you know he's
29:40thinking about
29:40something else
29:42like maybe it's
29:43another capacity
29:44but usually when
29:44you look at
29:45someone
29:45in the eyes you
29:46are with the
29:48person so you're
29:48connected so you
29:50create just like
29:51branching I think
29:53it's in avatar they
29:54have that you know
29:54when they when they
29:56are linked with
29:56their animals they
29:58they're like really
29:59they have the
30:00connection and so I
30:02think if you do
30:03that with people then
30:04you're with them and
30:05you cannot switch
30:06channels okay and
30:08if maybe you feel
30:09yourself switching then
30:10it's time to move to
30:11maybe a different
30:12focus take a break
30:13come back
30:14steven from a brain
30:16perspective is there a
30:17way well so of course
30:19it depends on context
30:20emotions are very
30:21important is this an
30:22important meeting or am
30:24I just there because
30:25so there's a big link
30:26between attention
30:27emotion and you know
30:30what part of the day
30:32if it's the evening I'm
30:34mentally depleted or
30:35it's the morning I'm
30:36fully energized and
30:40we cannot even the zen
30:43master we studied so
30:45after a while you
30:47just think about other
30:48stuff so I listen to
30:50you you listen to me but
30:51you're you know on
30:53average after 20 seconds
30:55already actually there's a
30:57thought coming up and
30:58then a memory and so on
30:59and so forth and then
31:01that's the way the brain
31:03works it's okay you can
31:05again train that but not
31:07maybe put the bar too
31:08high
31:10on average it's like 90
31:12minutes and then you
31:14know you need a break
31:15you you can stand
31:16the reason why the the
31:17shorts and the reels on
31:18all the social networks
31:19are like 20 seconds long
31:21and not more is because
31:23it's our attention span
31:24and after that we have to
31:25switch
31:26there's definitely a
31:27change there if you
31:28look at all tv programs
31:30you know everything seems
31:31to be so slow and now
31:32everything needs to be so
31:33quick or we look
31:35something else look at
31:36something else or click
31:37or so yes there is this
31:42change that it needs to
31:44be ever you know faster
31:46and more salient and
31:48tricky for the young
31:50generation but for each
31:52and every one of us
31:52maybe everyone here is a
31:54hero then you've been
31:55following us for like
31:56almost 20 30 minutes
31:57it's it's congratulations
31:59because we had a 20 second
32:01span to to bring your
32:03attention maybe what we'll
32:05do is we'll bring in
32:06Matthew Ricard that with
32:07an amazing scan with his
32:08concentration and get him
32:09to look at social media
32:10some tick tock reels and
32:11see what happens to his
32:13brain Stephen here we've
32:15this has been fascinating
32:17and in showing us what
32:18neuroscience is doing what
32:19it is you're working on
32:20what's the next step for
32:22you and what is your holy
32:23grail in the research that
32:25you're doing well my holy
32:27grail is is you know
32:30understanding consciousness
32:31I will win the Nobel
32:32prize it's it's one of the
32:33biggest mysteries and we're
32:36working very hard with a
32:37lot of engineers and using
32:39all these neurotechnologies
32:40so as a physician I want to
32:45empower patients citizens and
32:47you know there's a lot we can
32:48do and these wearables are
32:50helping us it's not rocket
32:52science and then there's
32:53maybe one more thing if I can
32:54switch to the to the next
32:55slide which is again talking
32:59about technology and that is
33:01neuromodulation so I'm a
33:03neurologist that work with
33:05people who have damaged
33:06brains so these people you see
33:09here are are in Antwerp so I
33:11co-founded brain clinics so we
33:13use robotics and neuromodulation
33:17what is neuromodulation it's a
33:19way to stimulate neuroplasticity
33:21with strong magnets so next time
33:25we will try that on Fred
33:26mature with small current so so
33:31this is already happening you
33:33know in psychiatry for example we
33:35know people with severe depression
33:37sometimes need electroshocks we
33:40know you know the side effects and
33:43we can now offer alternatives just
33:46target one network with a strong
33:48magnet so this is something that is
33:50also being used neuromodulation in
33:52top athletes you know it's increasing
33:56their performance so this is
33:58something definitely we'll see more
33:59of in the future
34:01I just wanted to add something in
34:03direction to a question that has been
34:04asked around creativity just one thing
34:08I've remarked and it's actually
34:10something known that when you fall
34:13asleep or when you wake up there is a
34:15period that your brain functions very
34:19differently it's called hypnagogia I'm
34:22sure you know that that perfectly but
34:25you know you're in between being very
34:28conscious in and falling asleep or
34:31you're waking up your brain has a small
34:35span of creativity it can last one
34:38second it can't last 30 seconds or one
34:40minute it's been exploited by a lot of
34:44creators musicians artists entrepreneurs
34:48as well that's when you get crazy
34:50ideas and you're still conscious about
34:53it so what I tend to try to do when this
34:57happens and I remark that my brain is
34:59functioning differently so I have some sort
35:01of conscious still you make an effort you
35:05wake up and you write down what you've seen
35:08what you what your brain has thought because
35:11the thing is if you don't write it down at
35:14that point but it's hard because you have
35:15to wake up and you don't want and you're
35:17falling asleep but if you don't write it
35:19down you will forget it and then the next
35:22day you don't remember it but if you do
35:23write it down and then you go back to
35:25sleep the following day you wake up and you're
35:27going back to sleep it was a good idea so
35:30that's that's a trick absolutely so it's a
35:32good suggestion to have a notebook next to
35:36your bed because these are fragile memories
35:39stored in your hippocampus so the longer
35:41you wait they might you know you might
35:44lose them and indeed Salvatore Dali
35:47surrealistic painter he was having his
35:49naps with an iron ball and then he fell
35:52asleep ball falls wakes up and he had
35:54these yeah that's how I found the name
35:56blah blah car by the way I was falling
35:58asleep in front of my computer and then I
36:01saw that was a posting from a driver he
36:04was blah blah because you know blah
36:06blah you choose if you're blah blah blah
36:08or blah blah blah that's why we're called
36:10blah blah car it says how much you talk
36:11during the ride but so this driver was a
36:14blah blah profile and he has a picture of
36:16his car next to it I was falling asleep I was
36:19trying to find a name for the service and
36:22then I said blah blah car it made me laugh
36:24so it woke me up so it was like wow that's
36:28funny I looked it up and then blah blah
36:30car that come was available and I booked
36:32it fantastic story but also insights into
36:36the minds of an entrepreneur thank you to
36:38you both Stephen and Frederick it's been a
36:41fantastic experiment and session seeing
36:43into your mind you can get even further
36:47into the minds of both Stephen and Fred by
36:50heading to the fnac stand just outside both of you
36:53are you heading there now to sign your
36:54books I believe yes yes I'll be signing
36:57books mission blah blah car just at the
37:00fnac stand yeah fantastic Stephen you're
37:02headed over there as well yeah I'll be
37:04signing the meditation book and servography it's
37:07been awesome having you both thank you so
37:10much thank you to you the audience for this
37:12great session hey and our program is going to
37:18be continuing here in just a few minutes we are
37:21having a session on thriving on the AI
37:23frontier for startups how to product
37:26strategies grow and innovate on the frontier of
37:31AI that's starting in just a few minutes thank
37:33you
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