00:14Success is not final. Failure is not fatal. It is the courage to continue that counts.
00:24Winston S. Churchill
00:28The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953 was awarded to Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill for his mastery of historical and biographical description, as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values.
00:48Winston Churchill was born on November 30, 1874, at Blenheim Palace, a home given by Queen Anne to Churchill's ancestor, the Duke of Marlborough. He was the eldest son of Lord Randolph Churchill, a Tory Democrat, who achieved early success as a rebel in his party.
01:10Churchill was a very busy man. He was nearly continuously writing books, articles and speeches, while holding important government positions.
01:22Winston S. Churchill
01:27However, he made time for romance when he met Clementine Hosier in March 1908. The two were engaged on August 11th of that same year and married just a month later on September 12th, 1908. Winston and Clementine had five children together and remained married until Winston's death at age 90.
01:51Winston S. Churchill
01:54When Nazi Germany attacked France on May 10th, 1940, it was time for Chamberlain to step down as Prime Minister. Appeasement hadn't worked. It was time for action. The same day that Chamberlain resigned, King George VI asked Churchill to become Prime Minister.
02:11Just three days later, Churchill gave his blood-toil, tears and sweat speech in the House of Commons. This speech was just the first of many morale-boosting speeches made by Churchill to inspire the British to keep fighting against a seemingly invincible enemy.
02:30Churchill
02:32Churchill spurred himself and everyone around him to prepare for war. He also actively courted the United States to join in the hostilities against Nazi Germany. Also, despite Churchill's extreme dislike for the Communist Soviet Union, his pragmatic side realized he needed their help.
02:52By joining forces with both the United States and the Soviet Union Churchill not only saved Britain but helped save all of Europe from the domination of Nazi Germany.
03:07In his final retirement, Churchill continued to write, finishing his four-volume A History of the English-Speaking Peoples 1956-1958. Churchill also continued to give speeches and paint.
03:22During his later years, Churchill earned three impressive awards. On April 24, 1953, Churchill was made Knight of the Garter by Queen Elizabeth II, making him Sir Winston Churchill.
03:40Later that same year, Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
03:45Ten years later, on April 9, 1963, President John F. Kennedy awarded Churchill with honorary U.S. citizenship.
03:56In June 1962, Churchill broke his hip after falling out of his hotel bed. On January 10, 1965, he suffered a massive stroke.
04:08He fell into a coma and died on January 24, 1965, at age 90. Churchill had remained a Member of Parliament until a year before his death.
04:21Churchill was a gifted statesman, writer, painter, orator and soldier.
04:30Probably his most significant legacy is as a statesman, who led his nation and the world during World War II.
04:40Both his actions and his words had a profound impact on the outcome of the war.
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