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Once Upon a Time in Space Season 1 Episode 3
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FunTranscript
00:00:00When I was five years old, I used to go to the library with my parents every Friday.
00:00:18And I remember being really excited about this book, and it was titled Astronomy and Astronauts.
00:00:24There was something that just spoke to me. It was very strange.
00:00:32I remember reading a passage just about what it felt like when the astronauts stepped outside and how they looked at the earth.
00:00:43And I thought, oh my gosh, I want to be a part of that. I want to see that.
00:00:48And it stayed. It wasn't one of those, oh, I like dinosaurs, or I like this other thing.
00:00:56It wasn't a phase. It really spoke to something in my soul.
00:01:00So in May of 1995, I applied to be an astronaut.
00:01:12I thought, okay, well, you know, I'll probably get a rejection letter. I'm only 26 years old.
00:01:17But I'll frame it and be proud that I finally applied.
00:01:21But instead, I got a call.
00:01:233,000 people had applied, and I was one of 120 that they wanted to interview.
00:01:28And I lost it.
00:01:31And I called everybody. I called my mom. I called my sisters.
00:01:34I was really, really excited.
00:01:40But during the medical test, it turns out I had kidney stones.
00:01:46Back then, if your body shows the ability to form even a single stone, it's a lifetime disqualification.
00:01:52Lifetime disqualification for being astronaut.
00:01:54Yeah.
00:01:55So I remember being home that weekend and just crying.
00:02:02And then a Monday afternoon, Dwayne calls me, the head of the selection office.
00:02:07And he just said, are you okay?
00:02:10And I'm like, no, I'm not okay.
00:02:14Would you be okay? My life is over.
00:02:16And I just let it out.
00:02:18And it was at that moment when I, it's like I could hear myself.
00:02:22And I thought, no, no, no, no, no, no.
00:02:28This is not me.
00:02:30I am strong.
00:02:32I am fierce.
00:02:33I can handle anything.
00:02:34And he said, Ginger, have you ever considered working in mission operations, maybe as an astronaut trainer?
00:02:43You know, for the International Space Station.
00:02:45The first stage of the International Space Station is marking the beginning of a new era of international collaboration.
00:02:54To embark on what's been described as humankind's most ambitious endeavor to date.
00:03:00In the early days during the space race, it would have been unthinkable.
00:03:04Now, in an effort to save money and to show his support for Boris Yeltsin, President Clinton has proposed that NASA work with the Russians in building a space station.
00:03:13So I just kind of had to take some deep breaths and reconsider.
00:03:18I can never go into space.
00:03:22I can never visit the space station.
00:03:24But if I started teaching the astronauts, even though I can't go, each one of them can, like, take a piece of me with them.
00:03:35Something I've taught them.
00:03:36Something I've brought to them.
00:03:38And I thought, okay, I can buy that.
00:03:42I can sell that to myself.
00:03:44It's a pleasure to welcome the astronaut class of 1996.
00:03:58This is the largest class of astronauts we've ever selected.
00:04:01And we need them.
00:04:03We are very soon going to begin the assembly of the International Space Station.
00:04:08And I can't wait to have them on board.
00:04:12Good afternoon.
00:04:13I'm Dan Tawney.
00:04:14My hometown is Lombard, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, where I worked in an aerospace company.
00:04:20I couldn't be more excited and proud to be here.
00:04:22And hi, Mom.
00:04:24Good job.
00:04:25Say to Mom.
00:04:25Hi to Mom.
00:04:28So, you know, I was eight years old when Neil and Buzz landed on the moon.
00:04:36And I remember everybody was space and astronaut crazy at that time.
00:04:40But I certainly had no interest in space or exploration.
00:04:48Baseball player was absolutely what I wanted to be.
00:04:51Then, actually, I wanted to be a stand-up comedian because one of my idols was George Carlin.
00:04:57Two minutes before you die, you receive an audible warning.
00:05:02Two minutes, get your shit together.
00:05:04But my real interest was how people use machines.
00:05:12I like the human interface of how a ballpoint pen works or how a shampoo dispenser works.
00:05:17I love that stuff.
00:05:18But one of the games you play as a senior is, hey, where can I get interviewed for free?
00:05:25And so I look at all the companies that are interviewing, and one of them was a space company out in California.
00:05:32I thought, well, let me go talk to them because if I can get a free trip to Los Angeles, that would be kind of fun.
00:05:37Located in El Segundo, California, Hughes Space and Communications Group is one of the largest satellite manufacturers in the world.
00:05:47It was during my spring break, so it was snowing in Boston, and it was 75 degrees in Los Angeles.
00:05:52And I went to the beach and watched people roller skating up and down and playing volleyball.
00:05:57And I thought, it'd be silly to turn this down.
00:06:02I mean, from a lifestyle point of view, this is going to be a ton of fun.
00:06:07So I moved to California, bought my convertible, and living near the beach,
00:06:13and just goofing around in the design department of this aerospace company.
00:06:20And that's where I ran across my bite of Gus.
00:06:23We were young, we had money, no commitments, as nerds.
00:06:33It was amazing.
00:06:37When we met at Hughes, DT was the young buck.
00:06:41He was smarter than all of us.
00:06:44But let's be very clear here.
00:06:46He didn't give a rat's ass about space.
00:06:49It was just an excuse to come live on the West Coast.
00:06:52And if he denies that and says, oh, no, it's because I wanted to be an astronaut, he is lying.
00:06:59Carlos is, he's a lot of personality, right?
00:07:03And so when you're bringing a new friend in or introducing Gus to somebody,
00:07:07you have to sort of set the framework.
00:07:10It's going to be a lot at the beginning.
00:07:12And you stick with it, because once you can get past that, there's a lot of sincerity and a lot of big heart going on behind it.
00:07:24Space was a dodge for him, okay?
00:07:26Space was like, ah, I'm doing this for the paycheck.
00:07:29I don't care about any of this stuff.
00:07:31Whereas someone like me, it's everything.
00:07:36My mother claims when I was but a young toddler and I'd been fussing and carrying on and making trouble all day.
00:07:44And then they put on this launch.
00:07:48Three, two, one, zero.
00:07:51Ignition.
00:07:53And apparently, it was night and day.
00:07:56I went from troublemaking, screaming, yelling, crying, to locked on the TV.
00:08:02Just locked on.
00:08:04To her last breath, my mother claimed that's when she knew.
00:08:07That my destiny was determined.
00:08:13Get good grades.
00:08:14Work hard.
00:08:16You're going to space, son.
00:08:17Okay, I'm out.
00:08:19Okay.
00:08:20And for me, the shortest distance there was studying to be a rocket scientist.
00:08:27So, of course, I applied to the astronaut corps.
00:08:29That rejection letter that I got, you know, that was NASA essentially laughing at me.
00:08:40Now, again, I'm being overly melodramatic.
00:08:42I had no shot at this.
00:08:45Didn't even make the first cut.
00:08:47And then I moved to Houston and I applied two more times.
00:08:50And, of course, failed there, too.
00:08:52So, I applied a total of three times to be an astronaut.
00:08:55Failed at every one.
00:08:56What is it, do you think, that successful candidates had that you didn't?
00:09:01They have the right stuff.
00:09:02I don't.
00:09:04They have the right stuff.
00:09:05I don't.
00:09:10After I left Hughes, I got offered a job with a small aerospace company outside of Washington, D.C.
00:09:17And somebody said, yeah, there's a notice up that they're taking applications for the new astronaut class.
00:09:22What made you apply, do you think?
00:09:25Why wouldn't you?
00:09:26Why wouldn't you send your application in?
00:09:29I had no hope of becoming an astronaut.
00:09:31I just wanted to play the game, participate.
00:09:35You know, I say it's like you buy a lottery ticket and you put it in your back pocket and you forget about it.
00:09:39And, you know, all of a sudden you find out that your numbers got called and it's the shock of your life.
00:09:45And then that's when the imagination started going crazy.
00:09:49I was like, holy cow, I'm actually going to go to space.
00:09:55The desire to be an astronaut started that moment.
00:10:00I didn't have the desire until it became a real possibility.
00:10:04Fucker.
00:10:05Fucker.
00:10:06Fucker.
00:10:07Fucker.
00:10:08I've dreamed about this.
00:10:10I've worked for it.
00:10:11I've striven for it my whole life and he walks into it and they hand them the keys to the kingdom.
00:10:22But there wasn't jealousy on my end, I was just awestruck that he got in.
00:10:32This is incredible, Dan.
00:10:41Where do we go from here?
00:10:42Wow.
00:10:45Made me kind of lose respect for NASA.
00:10:49That's mostly kidding.
00:10:53We're here at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, where this mock-up is used for training.
00:10:59The real thing was built in Russia, and so it's called the Zvezda, which is Russian for star.
00:11:05Now, normally the crew would enter there, that's the docking port, and one of the first things they come to is the laboratory.
00:11:11It's very much like the laboratory on an airliner.
00:11:14When completed, the station will be as large as about two football fields and will be able to be seen with the naked eye.
00:11:20Those are just your regular ISFC trucks, Dan.
00:11:25When I was selected in 96, we had not flown any element of the International Space Station yet.
00:11:32But we were testing the first modules on the ground.
00:11:36You know, there was 35 of us.
00:11:39That's a huge number of new astronauts.
00:11:42They needed a big class because they anticipate a lot of flights and a lot of spacewalks, and all that was just music to our ears.
00:11:50Sorry, we're starting off a little late. Wanted to give people a chance to come in from the rain and grab a cup of coffee.
00:11:55There are a number of different assemblies and components we're going to talk about today.
00:11:59When I became an instructor for the astronauts, my first crew was Expedition 1.
00:12:09And that was the first crew that was training to fly on board the International Space Station.
00:12:16Yuri Gudzenko, Sergey Cricklyffe, and Bill Shepard.
00:12:20So you were like 26, 27 when you were given Expedition 1 to take care of?
00:12:23Yeah, oh yeah. I was young. Feisty, but young.
00:12:30We were a little Expedition 1 family, and we did everything together.
00:12:35And I quickly realized that I needed to live in Russia, because if I was going to be wherever the crew was, they were in Russia 70% of the time.
00:12:45So I put everything in storage, and I moved out there.
00:12:50I loved it. Oh, I loved it so much.
00:12:55This is my room. I just cleaned it.
00:12:58See? Computer's always on.
00:13:03These are wonderful people with rich history of human spaceflight that we have a lot to learn from.
00:13:18We had not really worked on long-duration spaceflight missions.
00:13:24Our Russian counterparts had the Mir space station, so they understood it, and they'd been doing this a long time.
00:13:32So space provided a common goal where we could show the world that the US and Russia can actually work together and create something that people have never seen.
00:13:51The most ambitious space project since America sent a man to the moon starts in the early hours of tomorrow morning, when a Russian rocket lifts the first of more than 100 separate sections of the International Space Station into orbit.
00:14:09I felt a little pride, a little ownership, and I didn't look at it. This is a Russian vehicle. This is our joint spacecraft.
00:14:24We had a joint party with the Americans and Russians, and there was toast after toast, because we were so excited, because this marked the very beginning.
00:14:43Getting that one up meant this is our adventure begins.
00:14:50Getting that one up meant this is our adventure begins.
00:14:57The International Space Station has taken a big step from dream to reality.
00:15:01The crew of the Shuttle Endeavor has put together the project's first two major components.
00:15:06They linked a US-built passageway to a Russian-built module.
00:15:10We have capture of Zarya.
00:15:13We were teachers.
00:15:18We gave knowledge.
00:15:23We were the only country that had such a scientific potential and technical potential for creating such large stations.
00:15:32How to manage these long-term expeditions?
00:15:40This only we knew.
00:15:43How to manage this big station?
00:15:47This only we knew.
00:15:49Nasi utilized the MERS Space Station as a bridge to the ISS.
00:15:56It gave us a lot of experience training for and going to live on a space station.
00:16:03So, American astronauts have been spending six months there.
00:16:08All of the reports we're getting back is – that's a real slog.
00:16:15that's a real slog. Of course they had the fire and the collision and
00:16:21depressurization and so we knew that it had survived a couple catastrophic
00:16:27events. You knew it was kind of old, you knew the technology was a little
00:16:34outdated and that like your car you know at some point it just makes sense to buy
00:16:40a new car than to keep fixing the stuff that's breaking. It's you know you want
00:16:44to drive the you want to drive the Lexus so you want to drive the Lada.
00:16:49Well, in 1986 when we launched the World Station, I didn't really get into this idea.
00:16:58But when I was in the group of astronauts for four years, it was slowly, slowly, slowly
00:17:05and slowly, and it became my daily thought. I got up and thought about it,
00:17:13I got up and thought about it.
00:17:18Of course, the future station was under the question.
00:17:23I got up and thought about it.
00:17:25I got up and thought about it.
00:17:27I got up and thought about it.
00:17:28And then we started to push the Russian program. We had a loan on the international station.
00:17:33And, accordingly, they said, how do you have your station, finance it,
00:17:39support it, and you have to pay for the MKS.
00:17:44And they said, if you can't sponsor two stations immediately, then you have to stop sponsoring your station.
00:17:53The enormous international plan to build a permanent scientific station in space is not only behind schedule,
00:18:02it may cost the United States much more than the U.S. had planned.
00:18:06Russia's fallen almost a year behind building this critical section called the service module.
00:18:12Many U.S. officials say cooperation is still worth it, even if it is expensive.
00:18:17It keeps the Russians friendly, and it helps bolster the U.S. presence in space.
00:18:21It's the 90s, when the economy of Russia was almost in ruins.
00:18:38The world was turned on because of the fact that the world station was under-financed.
00:18:46There were special funds that collected funds to support the World Station station.
00:18:53Almost every Russian person had some kind of coin in his pocket, who wanted.
00:18:59This project is unique. It's almost a whole city on the orbit.
00:19:05And to throw the right place in the right place, it's crazy and a crime.
00:19:12The U.S. are pushing for Russia.
00:19:17The United States are pushing for Russia.
00:19:19They tried to get the world, the world leader in the world in the cosmos.
00:19:24The U.S. were also pushing for Russia.
00:19:26For Russia for Russia a great pride is to be grateful.
00:19:31For Russia for Russia.
00:19:32I'm not a little scared.
00:19:34I'm not a scared boy.
00:19:37I'm not a scared boy.
00:19:38I'm not scared.
00:19:39I am not scared.
00:19:41I'm out of breath.
00:19:43So this is a sense of force for any Russian person.
00:19:45For any Russian person, self-international, self-international in the name of something light, beautiful, beautiful,
00:19:54which is the name of your homeland.
00:20:15Still hopes some extra money will be found to keep it in space, but knows time has run out.
00:20:26I was at home, and the phone rings, and it's Mr. Walt Anderson.
00:20:33And he literally opens the conversation by saying,
00:20:37I'm thinking about buying a space station. I'd like you to help me.
00:20:42What?
00:20:45And it's a guy called Walt.
00:20:47Walt Anderson, correct.
00:20:49Friend of yours.
00:20:50At that point, I've known him just over a decade.
00:20:52Carlos.
00:20:53I was totally and absolutely certain about the development of space,
00:20:58that that was the right thing for mankind to do, and it was important.
00:21:01And I agreed with him. So we got along pretty well.
00:21:06I think if there's something important enough in your life that you think about it
00:21:11more than anything else, that's an obsession.
00:21:15And are you obsessed?
00:21:18Oh, yes.
00:21:20Oh, yes.
00:21:23The public belief was only NASA can do space.
00:21:29So if I can short circuit that by joining other like-minded individuals, and then I'm going to do it.
00:21:38You jump ship.
00:21:40Where's my jet pack?
00:21:42Where's my lunar colony?
00:21:44Where's my flying car?
00:21:46In the 90s, many of us were very frustrated, and we decided to take matters into our own hands.
00:21:56Hi, I'm Gus. I'm the one taking these shots. Hi, Mom.
00:22:01Hi, Mom.
00:22:04We called it New Space.
00:22:07And we were a community preaching that it's not just governments that can do space.
00:22:13It's not just NASA that can do space.
00:22:16We got these crazy, insane entrepreneurs with these crazy, insane ideas, and they band together to show the world that private companies could do great things in space.
00:22:29The problem was, who's got money that wants to put it in commercial space?
00:22:42There was only one game in town.
00:22:46Walt Anderson.
00:22:48You know, one of the most successful entrepreneurs I've ever known.
00:22:52And do you know how you made his mind?
00:22:54Telecoms.
00:22:55At a time when telecoms were exploding in growth.
00:23:00He rode that wave, man.
00:23:05So you make your money in telecoms, and then you throw all of it away in space.
00:23:13To me, the idea that we would save the mirror and use it for commercial and scientific purposes was an interesting idea.
00:23:21I mean, who doesn't want to order a space station?
00:23:26And we quickly agreed, well, we've got to go out and meet the Russians.
00:23:38We wanted to impress them.
00:23:41We wanted to show them we were real and had some resources.
00:23:44So we thought taking the private jet was a good move.
00:23:47The brief in Russia is very simple.
00:23:53Can they work with a Western partner?
00:23:56Are they thinking that we can do this deal together?
00:24:00Or they're going to throw us out on our ass?
00:24:02They sent a car for us, drove us out to their headquarters, which a few years before would have been a closed place that no Westerner could ever think about going in.
00:24:13As soon as that door opens, we're under tremendous pressure, and we know that we're being studied.
00:24:27We know that they're looking for any weakness.
00:24:34It started out very tense.
00:24:36I mean, obviously, the geopolitical relationship between Russia and America has always been fraught, and it was a difficult time in terms of the trust.
00:24:44We didn't worry about that later.
00:24:46So we could form a company.
00:24:48That company could, we could set up this chair-building relationship between us.
00:24:53But we weren't there as Americans.
00:24:55We were there as developers of space for all mankind.
00:24:59And that's the approach we took.
00:25:01I understand you have some need for both the commitment, number one, but actually to see some real money, because commitments have you had some problems with commitments before from some other people.
00:25:15This agreement has to be pretty well worked out, and I think that's been a take a while.
00:25:20Surprisingly, the positions we staked out turned out to be compatible.
00:25:27We had very similar goals.
00:25:29They wanted to save the mirror.
00:25:35Walt Anderson, his desire is to dare mighty things.
00:25:41And to dare mighty things would be to set up with your private banker in advance that there will be a code phrase.
00:25:53And when that code phrase is proffered, BAM! Speed of light, seven million U.S. dollars transfers from Walt to the Russians.
00:26:07What was the code when?
00:26:09I don't remember.
00:26:11Carlos probably does.
00:26:12The Russian space program, once a crown jewel of communism, has gone completely capitalist.
00:26:26This morning, an American entrepreneur signed a contract to lease mirror from the Russians.
00:26:34There are customers that want to do pharmaceutical, manufacturing.
00:26:39There are people who want to travel to the mirror as space tourists.
00:26:42All those things are possible.
00:26:43Ordinary Americans will compete for one chance of a lifetime.
00:26:49A trip into space.
00:26:52Destination Mir on NBC.
00:26:56I remember hearing about Mir Cor and his involvement in his new passion.
00:27:01We're going to do it.
00:27:02We're going to do it.
00:27:03DT, we're going to do it.
00:27:05I remember being skeptical.
00:27:07But, you know, you never underestimate Gus, right?
00:27:11He's a big dreamer and some of those dreams, you know, can come true.
00:27:14Had anything like this been proposed before?
00:27:16I mean, is this new territory?
00:27:18At that point?
00:27:19No.
00:27:20I had never heard of anything like that before.
00:27:22Especially the commercialization aspect, you know,
00:27:24buying something that the government owns and then running it as a for-profit company.
00:27:30That was completely new.
00:27:32The possibilities have long been apparent through the cash-strapped Russian space program.
00:27:38Cosmonauts and commercials, product placement and mission control,
00:27:41put your logo on a Russian rocket.
00:27:44This is just one small step for mankind, but a giant leap for Pizza Hut.
00:27:50But wait, isn't near that creaky old space station the Russians were going to ditch?
00:27:54It is, but engineers say its worst problems are fixable.
00:28:00Whenever you buy a building, the site survey is critical, right?
00:28:04You send out someone to evaluate the building, the foundation, the structure, the electrical,
00:28:08and then you make the go-no-go decision.
00:28:12We needed to see if it's worth saving.
00:28:17Hence the first flight.
00:28:19Who went?
00:28:21Two privately hired cosmonauts.
00:28:25Paid for by a private company, MirCorp.
00:28:28A few months ago, it looked like the Mir's days were numbered,
00:28:32but cosmonauts Sergei Zelyotin and Alexander Kaleri are under orders to catch it up and keep it orbiting.
00:28:40I had a two-year-old feeling.
00:28:44I had a two-year-old feeling in this situation.
00:28:48One of the things that we couldn't close this question,
00:28:51one of the things that we couldn't close this question.
00:28:55But it was such a situation of Russia at that time,
00:28:59that we were forced to go to some unknown businessmen.
00:29:03But for me, as a Russian person, it was very sad.
00:29:08But in this situation, there was no other way.
00:29:14There was no other way.
00:29:16I had to step up for the solomine,
00:29:19with the untapable hands.
00:29:20Only this morning, two cosmonauts suited up for a mission few people thought would happen again,
00:29:29a manned flight to Mir.
00:29:31Thanks to MirCorp, Russia's national space programme is back in business.
00:29:39The cosmonauts know they're heading for a crumbling 14-year-old space station,
00:29:43which has been plagued by accidents and breakdowns.
00:29:51For any cosmonauts, especially for a first-year-old,
00:29:55this is the meaning of his life.
00:30:00Because the most scary thing for any cosmonauts
00:30:04is to be able to go to the army, train,
00:30:065, 10, 15, 20,
00:30:09there were 25 years old,
00:30:11but not to fly in the cosmos.
00:30:16This would be a big tragedy.
00:30:20All the command of WDM for KRL.
00:30:25Hello, guys!
00:30:26How are you?
00:30:27Good.
00:30:28Good.
00:30:30Good.
00:30:31Good.
00:30:32Good.
00:30:33Good.
00:30:42Good.
00:30:44Good.
00:30:45Sweet.
00:30:47Good.
00:30:48Good.
00:30:55Good.
00:30:58Good.
00:30:59It's almost like that, when I explained it in a way, that's what it was like.
00:31:11But it's clear that for me, the станции МИР was my first home of the cosmos, I loved it.
00:31:19There were other problems.
00:31:27For example, the system of service management, they didn't work properly.
00:31:36They had to provide more time to the board.
00:31:41And for the rest of the time, about 35-40% on the science.
00:31:53So, work, work, work.
00:31:55Well, you know, I'll tell you about the secret.
00:32:07In the afternoon and in the afternoon we allowed a little bit of wine, or a lot of wine.
00:32:14It was officially not allowed, but it was not allowed.
00:32:18And in Russia, if it's officially not allowed, it would be allowed.
00:32:30The vodka in the cosmos went well.
00:32:34I don't know why.
00:32:36French wine, Hennessy, Courvoisier, just perfect.
00:32:41And wine also went well.
00:32:45And vodka, why not very much.
00:32:56Well, in Russia, there are many traditions.
00:32:58One of the traditions, when we meet guests in the Russian house,
00:33:03in the house, they meet the wine,
00:33:05they meet with the wine.
00:33:06And whatever, the guests come to the house,
00:33:08they have to eat,
00:33:09the wine,
00:33:10the wine,
00:33:11the wine,
00:33:12the wine,
00:33:13the wine,
00:33:14the wine,
00:33:15the wine,
00:33:16the wine,
00:33:17the wine,
00:33:18and eat.
00:33:19And this tradition came from the ancient times.
00:33:22When we left the station,
00:33:25we left the table
00:33:28with bread,
00:33:30salt,
00:33:31and a small bottle of wine.
00:33:40We were hoping that at the end of the year
00:33:44we would come to the next generation,
00:33:46our dublers.
00:33:53So I would be happy to watch these pictures.
00:33:56They were still young and beautiful.
00:34:06It was clear to everyone,
00:34:07what will be the conclusion,
00:34:09what to do next.
00:34:13With Sasha and Aleria,
00:34:14after the arrival,
00:34:15they made the conclusion,
00:34:16that the station is quite repairable,
00:34:18that we can use it for at least 3-4 years.
00:34:26So, of course,
00:34:29they found a lot of problems.
00:34:31We expected that.
00:34:32But there was no showstopper.
00:34:33There's nothing here that would prevent us
00:34:35from doing MirCorp.
00:34:36The building will stand.
00:34:38It's that simple.
00:34:41Today, MirCorp marks the first manned spaceflights
00:34:44are being made available to private citizens
00:34:48through a business-oriented,
00:34:50non-governmental company.
00:34:53This is the moment we dreamed of our whole lives.
00:34:56A regular person going to space.
00:35:00This is Business Plan 101,
00:35:02first customer.
00:35:0359-year-old Dennis Ditto,
00:35:05a California millionaire businessman,
00:35:07is in training to be a cosmonaut,
00:35:09Russian-style.
00:35:10We negotiated a deal with them
00:35:13to be the first tourist on the Mir.
00:35:15He signed an agreement,
00:35:17and we were feeling positive.
00:35:19I always followed space.
00:35:20I always loved space.
00:35:22I always imagined what it would be like
00:35:24to look at the Earth from space.
00:35:28We were getting newspapers all over the world.
00:35:30There was no bad news.
00:35:32Everyone thought it was very cool
00:35:34to have a private space station.
00:35:36And in fact,
00:35:37even the NASA employees
00:35:39thought it was kind of cool.
00:35:42When you got higher
00:35:43into the political side of NASA
00:35:45and the White House,
00:35:46it was different.
00:35:50It really surprised me later
00:35:51to learn how unhappy they were
00:35:53about our business.
00:36:00For years,
00:36:01supporting the crew as they trained
00:36:04for the International Space Station,
00:36:06it seemed launch was always
00:36:08right around the corner.
00:36:10But something would usually happen,
00:36:12and our launch would get delayed.
00:36:16Everyone knew they were going to launch
00:36:17at some point,
00:36:18but it really wasn't real yet.
00:36:20But when we got in that plane
00:36:21to go from Star City
00:36:22to Baikonur, Kazakhstan,
00:36:23that meant it is real.
00:36:27Because we're going to be launching
00:36:28in a couple of weeks.
00:36:30because we're going to be launching
00:36:31in a couple of weeks.
00:36:32I had been told that
00:36:33that we're going to launch
00:36:34in a couple of weeks.
00:36:35I had been told what to expect
00:36:36when we were there,
00:36:38and the rich traditions
00:36:39that our Russians had
00:36:42had been in the past.
00:36:43And the great news
00:36:44was that it was going to be
00:36:45in the past.
00:36:46And when we got in that plane
00:36:47to go from Star City
00:36:48to Baikonur, Kazakhstan,
00:36:49that meant it is real.
00:36:50We're going to be launching in a couple of weeks.
00:36:59I had been told what to expect when we were there
00:37:02and the rich traditions that our Russian and Kazakhstan
00:37:06counterparts had.
00:37:14And I'd heard about the dancing and the singing
00:37:17and the celebration that they tend to have.
00:37:31So these are students from the local area, I was told.
00:37:42This one, I was going to ask if you had her.
00:37:45She sang, I will survive.
00:37:48And I thought, maybe not the most appropriate song choice
00:37:52prior to launch.
00:37:54Oh my God, I can't believe you have her.
00:37:59Are you serious?
00:38:03She was good though.
00:38:04It really wasn't until the night before where the emotion of it all hit me.
00:38:21Sergey Kriklov first, Yuri Gatsenko in the middle, and Bill Shepard heading to the launch pad.
00:38:27Once they went off to the launch pad, they did their standard pose.
00:38:37They always go up the ladder and they turn back and they do their standard crew photo pose.
00:38:41And then they go up the stairs and they disappear.
00:38:48They went inside the hatch and they close the hatch.
00:38:53It's actually the very launch pad that has been used for every crewed launch from Baikonur,
00:38:58including that of the first human to be sent into space, Yuri Gagarin, almost 40 years ago.
00:39:02And there was something inside me that kind of lost it a little bit.
00:39:11And I started hyperventilating because I couldn't see them.
00:39:17And there was a gentleman that came up and he's like,
00:39:21Oh, it's okay. Come with me. Come with me.
00:39:25So he starts parting the crowd.
00:39:28And it was really tightly packed.
00:39:31And he's like,
00:39:33Which means it's the mother of the crew.
00:39:36It's the mother of the crew.
00:39:38And he finally fights my way up front.
00:39:41And there's a smaller TV screen.
00:39:43And he's like,
00:39:46Look at them. Everything's okay.
00:39:47And I could see them now inside the capsule.
00:39:50And then all of a sudden, I'm like,
00:39:53Okay.
00:39:55But it was, I feel like an idiot.
00:39:58It was the silliest thing.
00:40:00Because I knew they were safe.
00:40:02I know that they're trained and I know that they're ready.
00:40:04But I wasn't ready.
00:40:07I'd spent so much time focusing on them
00:40:10that I didn't realize what this whole experience was going to do to me.
00:40:13And I was terrified.
00:40:15I was terrified.
00:40:19What if something happens?
00:40:21My babies were going off to space.
00:40:24Four.
00:40:25Three.
00:40:26Two.
00:40:27One.
00:40:29We have ignition.
00:40:30We have ignition and liftoff.
00:40:34Liftoff of the Soyuz rocket,
00:40:36beginning the first expedition to the International Space Station
00:40:39and setting the stage for permanent human presence in space.
00:40:41The Soyuz launch from Kazakhstan symbolizes a way of life in space that could last for a while.
00:40:51The crewmen aboard will be the first resident crew of the International Space Station
00:40:56and will stay there for four months.
00:40:57After they dock in two days, they will be the first in a series of crews that will occupy the station for more than ten years.
00:41:03Commander Shepard had the prerogative of being the first to enter the station, but he has deferred in an offer of conciliation and respect out of the partnership to allow his Russian crew member to enter the station first.
00:41:21Let's look upon this as the real opening of the international space frontier, not just for a country, but for Russia, America, Europe, Japan, Canada, and all that it's the first to enter the station.
00:41:36Let's look upon this as the real opening of the international space frontier, not just for a country, but for Russia, America, Europe, Japan, Canada, and all that are to follow.
00:41:51The moment they open that hatch and set foot in that module, we set a clock.
00:42:02We are living on the International Space Station, and there won't be a time where we don't have people living in space.
00:42:11That was our intention when we designed the space station, to always have people on board.
00:42:21I knew that I was taking part in history. Very few people get the opportunity to do that.
00:42:35We are here, and we are here to stay.
00:42:42Last year, the Russians announced they would scrap their old space station, NEAR, and focus resources on the new International Space Station.
00:42:50Instead, they're now repairing NEAR.
00:42:52Russia's revival of NEAR is a slap in the face at NASA.
00:42:58This debacle has already delayed the International Space Station for over two years and cost us several billions of dollars.
00:43:08NASA were pissed. They were like, here's this mosquito buzzing around us, somebody swat it.
00:43:15NASA was given a priority by the President of the United States.
00:43:20The International Space Station is the way we're going to go forward in partnership with the Russians to maintain peace in the world.
00:43:26We have a unique opportunity to cast aside the suspicions and doubts that used to plague our nations.
00:43:33Russia is not the enemy of the United States.
00:43:40And for that to happen, we need NEAR to go into the ocean.
00:43:44Swat these fuckers.
00:43:45The most powerful entity on Earth, the US government, is going to put a cross on your face.
00:43:56And they're not going to miss, babe. They're not going to miss.
00:43:59If we found that the Russians were going to fund Mir and continue its operation and not fund the International Space Station, there would be very serious levels of concern on our part.
00:44:13And I remember, I was in a cafe, just reading the Times, and holy cow, what is this?
00:44:20American mega-millionaire gets ruski space heap, sells joyrides to fellow tycoons, NASA fumes.
00:44:29There's Uncle Sam crying, and there's Wacky Walt doing the deal with the Russians.
00:44:36That was the first. And then came all the other ones.
00:44:39To-to-to-to-to.
00:44:42Here, watch this. This is the actual official NASA footage of the space station Mir.
00:44:46And we're supposed to feel good about this.
00:44:48You know what I'm talking about?
00:44:50This is what this is. It's a Hyundai.
00:44:53Politics always wins.
00:44:56Politics always wins.
00:44:59Functionally, he performed the same functions that the International Space Station should be performed.
00:45:11It was a competitor to the MKS.
00:45:15And they said, that the station is old.
00:45:18The station is old.
00:45:20The station is broken.
00:45:22The station is like a car.
00:45:25And they said, listen, listen, if you have a 13-year car, she is old.
00:45:33And they said, that the station is not a car.
00:45:39The station is not a car.
00:45:40The station is a home.
00:45:41Of course.
00:45:44Of course.
00:45:48The phone is broken, the TV is broken.
00:45:50We have the equipment stolen,
00:45:54we put new ones,
00:45:56the walls are broken.
00:45:58The station is the house.
00:46:02We don't know what to do with the station Mir.
00:46:07In any case, it is important to understand
00:46:10that this is a memorial to our people,
00:46:16our cosmonauts, our science.
00:46:19It is a memorial to our culture.
00:46:22And it is impossible to leave our national destiny.
00:46:32Why not just use the Mir?
00:46:34I mean, you could have,
00:46:36but where is the national pride in that?
00:46:40Where is the sense of accomplishment in that?
00:46:43The U.S. needed to demonstrate their leadership in human spaceflight
00:46:48by creating a space station of their own.
00:46:52And, you know, embracing the U.S. spirit of being collaborative
00:46:55and working with many nations
00:46:57and flying astronauts from different countries
00:46:59and flying scientific experiments from different countries.
00:47:02We couldn't have done that by just using the Mir space station,
00:47:10because we couldn't control what the overall purpose was
00:47:14or the overall vision for the Mir space station.
00:47:17So we needed to create our own.
00:47:19Having our own space station would be our way of demonstrating
00:47:22that we are the leaders in human spaceflight
00:47:27and that we are going to continue to lead moving forward to Moon and Mars.
00:47:31And it's the beginning of the end for the Russian space station Mir.
00:47:49This morning, a Russian rocket took off,
00:47:51sending the final unmanned cargo ship to the Mir.
00:47:54The ship is carrying fuel that will be used to nudge the Mir out of orbit
00:47:58and according to plan into the Pacific Ocean.
00:48:01This is something that is needed.
00:48:03I'm proud to meet you.
00:48:04You will see your mission in the Pacific Ocean.
00:48:05The Pacific Ocean.
00:48:06The Mir was at the orbit for 15 years.
00:48:10It's not an long period of time.
00:48:12It's been a long period of time.
00:48:13But in the history of the cosmic flights,
00:48:15it's been a whole decade.
00:48:16And in the Russian center of the plane,
00:48:19there is a pressure of the atmosphere.
00:48:21The port of the US is now the new atmosphere.
00:48:23The atmospheric is going without a hitch.
00:48:24The investigation seems to be going without a hitch.
00:48:29seems to be going without a hitch.
00:48:32The live pictures on the screen behind me
00:48:34are the last that will ever be seen from Mir.
00:48:59Well, of course, it was very pleasant to have made such a decision.
00:49:11I remember now, and I remember these pictures.
00:49:15They are now standing in front of me,
00:49:17as the MIR station goes from orbit,
00:49:20and the atmosphere is burning.
00:49:23I understand, even tears came back.
00:49:28In the room was quiet,
00:49:35although the soup was completely burned by people.
00:49:41And there were the promises.
00:49:47Not that we, as we,
00:49:53we, as we,
00:49:54we, as we,
00:49:56as we, as we, as we, as we, are
00:49:58for the nation's programs.
00:49:59in the national program.
00:50:11I was from this station.
00:50:14The station became a living creature for me,
00:50:18a family.
00:50:29People ask me, would I do it again?
00:50:49And I say, yes, I would do it again.
00:50:52I mean, we hadn't achieved everything we wanted to do,
00:50:56but we did get the first citizen explorer to space.
00:51:01Dennis Tito finished his training,
00:51:03but the Mir wasn't there for him,
00:51:05so he got to go to the Russian side of the ISS.
00:51:10Now, NASA was very pissy about that and difficult,
00:51:14but the Russians had built much of the station,
00:51:16so they had every right to bring a passenger up.
00:51:19That was something.
00:51:21It was a tiny bit of positivity
00:51:23and an overall negative situation.
00:51:28245 miles up,
00:51:30a Soyuz spacecraft docks
00:51:31with the International Space Station today,
00:51:33which opens its hatch to the tourists
00:51:35NASA doesn't want.
00:51:37Dennis Tito smiling broadly
00:51:39after convincing the Russians he had the right stuff.
00:51:42$20 million of his own money.
00:51:44Look, it played out the way it had to play out.
00:51:50It was a great, audacious dream.
00:51:53It wasn't meant to be from the very, very, very beginning.
00:51:5625 years later,
00:51:59I think there's a strong argument that can be made.
00:52:02We're now where MirCorp was 25 years ago,
00:52:07except it's working.
00:52:09Richard Branson is sending people to space.
00:52:13Jeff Bezos is sending people to space.
00:52:16Jeff Bezos is sending people to space.
00:52:18Elon Musk is sending people to space.
00:52:22The dam has burst.
00:52:23There's no looking back.
00:52:31That's why, you know, when you ask me,
00:52:33you know, how disappointed were you didn't become an astronaut?
00:52:35How disappointed were you that this company failed?
00:52:37How disappointed were you with the MirCorp?
00:52:39Why did you step away?
00:52:40It is essentially my life history
00:52:45that most of the things that I participate in
00:52:48are going to fail.
00:52:50And that's okay.
00:52:55You know, there are some places in your life
00:52:56that you never expect to be,
00:52:57and standing here at this mic is one of them.
00:52:59And I'm really, obviously, excited to be here.
00:53:01Thank you all for coming out.
00:53:03This is an absolute dream come true,
00:53:05and believe me, it's as exciting and fun as you think it is.
00:53:18Wild horses couldn't have kept me from seeing my best buddy, DT,
00:53:21launch into space.
00:53:22Or as we put it, Dan goes on a business trip.
00:53:26We're on our way.
00:53:27We're almost to the Cape now.
00:53:29We're pumped. We're ready.
00:53:31We were giddy.
00:53:33We were nervous.
00:53:34We were expecting the greatest show of our lives,
00:53:37and we got it, man.
00:53:38Can't describe it, man.
00:53:40Got to be there.
00:53:41We're at three miles.
00:53:44Closest any human is.
00:53:46DT is just being latched in, right, as we speak.
00:53:50Twenty...
00:53:52Thirty minutes, roughly.
00:53:54Countdown time.
00:53:55Yeah, we can count.
00:53:56Right?
00:53:57Yeah.
00:53:58There is a certain feeling of,
00:53:59well, if I can't go,
00:54:00I'm glad a buddy I know gets to go.
00:54:03We felt in our own naive way, like, you know,
00:54:06we're kind of part of the entourage.
00:54:08Ten.
00:54:09Nine.
00:54:10Eight.
00:54:11We have a better for me.
00:54:12You can start.
00:54:13Six.
00:54:14Five.
00:54:15This is it.
00:54:16I feel it.
00:54:17You got it?
00:54:18We're on board.
00:54:19Five.
00:54:20Five.
00:54:21Five.
00:54:22Five.
00:54:23Five.
00:54:24Five.
00:54:25Five.
00:54:26Five.
00:54:27Five.
00:54:28Five.
00:54:29Five.
00:54:30Five.
00:54:31Five.
00:54:32Five.
00:54:33Five.
00:54:34Five.
00:54:35Five.
00:54:36Five.
00:54:37Five.
00:54:38Five.
00:54:39Five.
00:54:40Five.
00:54:41Five.
00:54:42Five.
00:54:43Five.
00:54:44Five.
00:54:45Five.
00:54:46Five.
00:54:47We did it.
00:54:48We watched.
00:54:49That was cool.
00:54:50Look.
00:54:51It's up there.
00:54:52Check it out.
00:54:53We're in it.
00:54:54Oh.
00:54:55We're in it.
00:54:56Look.
00:54:57Oh.
00:55:02Oh.
00:55:03You can't see me because the tank's there, but I'm at the tip of this big fireball.
00:55:16Probably now is the time I'm thinking, holy cow, I'm sitting in a freaking space shuttle.
00:55:23All of a sudden, you're in space.
00:55:48Looking at my home planet, you get this pride of ownership of, I can't believe I'm from
00:55:55there.
00:55:56I'm so happy to be a citizen of that planet.
00:56:04And there's what looks like a bright star on the horizon, and hey, that's the station.
00:56:09We're 50 kilometers away.
00:56:13We talk about it when we practice it, simulate it.
00:56:16But once you see it for real, you think, wow, that's really cool.
00:56:19Here we come.
00:56:20Pretty soon, you can see the solar rays, and then you get closer and closer.
00:56:25And then at some point, you're thinking, we're really close to this thing.
00:56:28It's taken up the whole window, and you're going to touch it, and you're going to dock
00:56:32to it.
00:56:33It's like you're going to Oz, you know?
00:56:36It's glimmering.
00:56:37It's beautiful.
00:56:38It's an incredible thing that we humans have made in an incredibly hostile environment.
00:56:50It was quite, quite something.
00:56:52It's really fantastic.
00:56:54There's 8 inches.
00:56:554 inches.
00:56:562.
00:56:574 inches.
00:56:582.
00:56:591.
00:57:002.
00:57:011.
00:57:023.
00:57:034.
00:57:042.
00:57:055.
00:57:065.
00:57:074.
00:57:085.
00:57:095.
00:57:105.
00:57:116.
00:57:125.
00:57:135.
00:57:145.
00:57:156.
00:57:165.
00:57:175.
00:57:185.
00:57:195.
00:57:205.
00:57:215.
00:57:22It's like the oldest sister of the International Space Station.
00:57:35Which station is better?
00:57:39If you don't feel any light, just Russian,
00:57:47it's clear that the International Space Station is in 4 or 5 times more.
00:57:56The energy is more powerful,
00:57:59the more cool experiments are more powerful.
00:58:05It's a certain degree of progress forward
00:58:08from the technical and ideological point of view.
00:58:12It's a certain degree of progress.
00:58:16We understood that we should build our own family.
00:58:29The Space Station was designed
00:58:31so that neither the US nor Russia
00:58:34could operate the vehicle independent of one another.
00:58:38It was intended to be able to withstand any political turmoil
00:58:42that might exist between our countries at any given time.
00:58:47The power system, those huge solar arrays that you see,
00:58:51that power, the entire Space Station,
00:58:54is controlled by the US side.
00:58:57The propulsion system, however,
00:59:00is managed on the Russian side of the vehicle.
00:59:03So the US keeps the power running,
00:59:06and our Russian counterparts make sure
00:59:08that we can stay in orbit with the right propulsion.
00:59:14Ultimately, it was designed to function only if we're cooperating.
00:59:24Well done, whoever thought of that.
00:59:26Because it's helped us survive a couple of bumps in the road.
00:59:33I love that part of that.
00:59:35But there are things that we didn't predict.
00:59:47Things we weren't prepared for.
00:59:50A new war started.
00:59:51It involves Russia.
00:59:53Hundreds of people...
00:59:54As many as 20,000 Russian soldiers...
00:59:57Russia is poised with its military forces.
01:00:00As we went over the eastern part of Ukraine,
01:00:06all of a sudden there were little red flashes,
01:00:08and we were watching bombs go off.
01:00:11We were literally watching people being killed from space.
01:00:16The Open University has produced an interactive flipbook
01:00:31offering extraordinary insights into the human exploration of space.
01:00:35To discover more, scan the QR code
01:00:38or visit connect.open.ac.uk
01:00:42forward slash once upon a time in space.
01:01:12To discover more,
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