- 2 months ago
Ofra Bikel looks at the strained social structure in Great Britain, where unemployment is common in northern areas but power and privilege prevail in the south of the country.
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00:00Funding for Frontline is provided by this station and other public television stations nationwide and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
00:11Tonight, once it was an empire, now it's a country divided between the very rich and the desperate poor.
00:19Everybody seems to be going unemployed.
00:23What would happen if you were a member of the so-called working class?
00:27I'm sure I'd be very annoyed.
00:29But the poor happen to be all in the north of England and the rich tend all to be in the south of England.
00:34So one risks a confrontation, I think, in the end, a geographical confrontation.
00:39Tonight on Frontline.
00:42Will there always be an England?
00:53From the network of public television stations, a presentation of KCTS Seattle.
00:59WNET, New York.
01:00WPBT, Miami.
01:02WTVS, Detroit.
01:04And WGBH, Boston.
01:07This is Frontline.
01:10With Judy Woodruff.
01:14Good evening.
01:15Tonight, a rebroadcast of a very special Frontline program.
01:20It's a film about our closest ally, the country with which we share a special relationship.
01:27Our histories are linked by blood and culture.
01:30And as we struggle with what the future holds, we look to each other for lessons.
01:35England, together with the rest of Great Britain, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, is engaged in an historic upheaval.
01:44The country that gave birth to the Industrial Revolution is entering the post-industrial world with difficulty.
01:52We in the United States are doing the same, although the changes here are less distinct, endowed as we are with great wealth and resources, and because we are such a mix of cultures.
02:05But England is a particular culture, a state of mind, a national character.
02:12And that is what our film tonight is about.
02:15It's an essay for Frontline by filmmaker Ofra Bickel, who spent six months traveling to parts of England we never see.
02:24Her film is about what's happened to Britain, and the question she asks, will there always be an England?
02:41This green and pleasant land.
02:46Land of poets.
02:48Of Keats.
02:50Blake.
02:51Byron.
02:52A calm land that comforts us in our chaotic world.
03:01Like the English, we too believe that there will always be an England.
03:08While there's a country lane, wherever there's a cottage small, beside a field of grain.
03:17And of course, some rain.
03:22Ascension.
03:23The
03:33high school.
03:36The
03:39high school.
03:44The English.
04:07A subtle, civilized people.
04:10To Americans, a nation of beloved characters.
04:16The vicar, Miss Marple, and the country squire.
04:21Like Peter Maxwell.
04:25You can meet Peter Maxwell and his wife Virginia on your trip to England.
04:30You can visit their home near Winchester.
04:36You can pick your own fruit.
04:40It was an extremely good summer for the strawberries in terms of the wet.
04:43They were very juicy ones.
04:44And have a tour of the historic house.
04:47Just be careful of your head.
04:48That's lovely.
04:50So nice of you.
04:51You brought everybody over, did you?
04:52Yes, yes.
04:53And of course, you must have tea.
04:59Here we are.
05:00This is a cake Mrs. Black was made just a minute ago, so it couldn't be fresher.
05:05Do you have milk and sugar?
05:06Yes, please.
05:07You do.
05:07These little teacups are myosin teacups.
05:11My mother-in-law got them, and I think I'm right in saying you can't buy myosin shiner any longer.
05:17You said just milk, didn't you?
05:20I wondered if there's anybody who would like some more tea.
05:25Do you want sugar?
05:26English tea with some family history.
05:29One of the features about the Maxwell family is that because they were Scottish, they were frequently on the wrong side.
05:39And one of the most interesting ones was Simon Fraser, the 11th, 13th Lord Lovett, who is this character portrayed in this famous print by Hogarth.
05:48The end of his life, leading the Jacobite rebellion of 1745, he was caught.
05:55And he was the last man to be executed in public on Tower Hill, which is a doubtful distinction.
06:02You might be invited to a pheasant shoot.
06:11And even if you're not lucky, there's always lunch.
06:18Where you can eat, drink, and listen to what's being said, if you can understand the language.
06:25Afterwards, you and the pheasants get another chance.
06:55This is what you come to Winchester for.
06:58This is England.
07:02But there is another England.
07:09Mighty England of the North.
07:12Cradle of the Industrial Revolution.
07:15England of Birmingham and Sheffield.
07:18Manchester, Newcastle, and Liverpool.
07:22Gateway to a great and vast empire.
07:25Bringing wealth and power to this island nation.
07:31Now, a monument to past glory.
07:39130 years ago, Britain was at the pinnacle of her industrial preeminence.
07:44Britain did the world.
07:45Britain was the workshop of the world.
07:48And we had no competition.
07:50The difference today is that we have acute competition,
07:53and we have not faced that competition effectively.
07:57We have grown, our competitors have grown much faster.
08:00And in about 100 years, and it's now measurable,
08:03we have gone from the top of the industrial tree,
08:07virtually to the bottom, in terms of standard of living.
08:10We're down now to the same level as about Puerto Rico.
08:14Italy's overtaken us.
08:16We're in the third category of nations.
08:19And very shortly, we're going to be about the poorest country in Europe.
08:22West Germany has a national income per head of population of twice the size of that of Great Britain.
08:29France has overtaken us.
08:30Belgium, Holland, every other country in Europe,
08:33apart from Spain and Greece, who recently come into the European,
08:37Portugal recently come into the European community,
08:39and they are rapidly catching up on us.
08:42And in a few years' time, they will have overtaken us as well.
08:44The harsh facts about today's England are not felt here, in Winchester.
08:52The South has always held on to England's wealth and tradition.
08:56It still does.
08:58I think Winchester's principal image is quality, excellence, integrity.
09:05It's been a major part of English life for, what, 1100 years, since Alfred...
09:10David Cowan of Winchester Council.
09:12It hasn't changed in that position in English life over these 1100 years.
09:18It's had its ups and downs, but it's still an important historical centre.
09:24It's still an important regional centre.
09:26And it still protects a lot of the traditional values of British life.
09:31Your Worship, the circumstances of this offence are that at about 10 minutes past 11...
09:35Values like a history of common law,
09:38traditions of justice and fair play,
09:40and the belief that those who are fortunate
09:42have a duty to those who are not.
09:47Jenny Bland is a magistrate.
09:49She is one of the leading citizens of Winchester,
09:52a conservative city.
09:53He went to the police station of his own accord.
09:56We feel very strongly about this
09:58because we will not have this sort of violence in the streets of Winchester.
10:02I was certainly brought up in a conservative household.
10:05But I think, like many of my background,
10:09one is very concerned at the terrible conditions in which some people in this country now live.
10:15And although one doesn't want the sort of free-for-all government we had until, was it, eight years ago,
10:22when really wages soared and the country became extremely inefficient
10:29and inflation was getting out of control,
10:32one doesn't want that.
10:33At the same time, one would like a government
10:36that had perhaps a little bit more interest and concern
10:39about those who can't help themselves.
10:43At her home, Jenny does what she can to help.
10:50She runs a kindergarten for the neighborhood children.
10:53Could I speak to Sir Michael Davidson?
11:05Almost single-handedly, she raises money for local charities.
11:10Michael, thank you for your letter.
11:13We're enormously grateful.
11:1480,000 is the largest check we've had so far.
11:17We charge something like 30 quid a ticket.
11:19It's the tradition of noblesse oblige to help others.
11:23Somebody like Lenny Henry, who's very funny.
11:26Derek Nimmo, who's a great friend. I can always twist his arm.
11:28But for all she does here at home,
11:30she knows there's another England.
11:33Far from here.
11:33We're charging 30. We want at least 15 of that to be profit.
11:37I don't think people in the south of England have a clue
11:41what other parts of the country are.
11:42When I say people, I'm generalizing enormously.
11:44Of course, there are people who travel and who are concerned.
11:49I happen to travel up and down quite a lot
11:51and have reasons to go to the north of England
11:53and have seen the sort of state that the cities there are in
11:55and terrible unemployment and the effect it has on people.
11:59But an awful lot of people who live around here
12:01have no reason to know how bad it is
12:05and just don't concern themselves.
12:08In Liverpool, Leslie Sweeney has good reasons to be concerned.
12:15The electronics plant she works for is about to close.
12:19There's about 60 people left now out of 720.
12:25It's very, very bad.
12:27You know, everybody's gone.
12:29People with knowledge, computer people, engineers.
12:32You know, you've got experienced people here
12:36who can do the work.
12:38But they're taking all our work
12:39and they're going to train somebody else to do it
12:42while they put us on a scrap heap on the dough.
12:47Leslie lives on a council estate, public housing,
12:51in the north of Liverpool.
12:52She lives there with her six children
12:56and her husband, Joe.
12:59Joe is 44 years old.
13:01He was a dock worker.
13:03Six years ago, he was made redundant.
13:06In other words, laid off.
13:08He's not been able to find work since.
13:12It's clear how you feel.
13:13You know the times you walk around
13:15and you see all your mates are out of work.
13:18Well, fellas you knew.
13:20And they're all the same age as me, you know.
13:21I still don't like the idea of her going to work
13:29and me being in here,
13:31but it would be unfair if I didn't do anything
13:33and she had to come home and cook
13:36after doing a day's work.
13:39I do feel sorry for Joe.
13:42I mean, you think of a man doing a tough job, don't you?
13:45You know, a man going to work.
13:47Well, he's not.
13:47As you know, he's cleaning up, cooking.
13:51I don't mind cooking at all.
13:53Like, you know, I think it takes a little bit of bored
13:56about the day, you know.
13:57Otherwise, nothing.
14:01Television there for the night.
14:02That's it.
14:04That's a day.
14:05That's a week.
14:07It's the same routine, there enough.
14:09Day in, day on.
14:10Week in, week out.
14:11In ten days, Leslie will return from her job for the last time.
14:23Then she, too, will have to stay home.
14:27She'll be unemployed.
14:28Everybody seems to be going unemployed.
14:36You know, and it's this heartbreaking for people.
14:38You know, when you're used to getting up in the morning
14:40and going to work,
14:42and then you find out there's just nothing.
14:45You know, you'd just be in the house, or...
14:48I just couldn't stay in the house.
14:50I couldn't.
14:51I know I couldn't.
14:52I mean, you think as you're getting older...
14:55I'm 41 now.
14:57And you think, you know, you're getting older,
14:59you'll be able to work,
15:00and you'll be able to save this, that, and the other,
15:02but you can't.
15:04I have to do something.
15:05There's no way I can sit in the house all day.
15:07I could...
15:08I just can't do it.
15:10I know I can't do it.
15:11Joe does.
15:12I know, but...
15:14I can't.
15:16No.
15:18Do you think you'll find a job?
15:19I'll search for a job.
15:23I'll go out first time in the morning.
15:25Till last night, if I have to, I'll get something.
15:29But the visits to the job centre are sobering.
15:32I've applied for 38 jobs in the last three weeks.
15:36I've had three interviews.
15:40You never hear anything after an interview.
15:44It's if they pick people out before you even go for it.
15:47And it's just a formality that you go for these interviews
15:51so they can say, well, we've interviewed so many thousand.
15:54I applied for a job the other week
15:56that isn't even advertised yet.
15:59And there was 2,000 people for it.
16:01I believe in working for my living.
16:10A fair day's work for a fair day's pay.
16:13I believe in working.
16:14I think everybody should work.
16:16I don't think anybody should be sitting like a vegetable in the house,
16:20doing nothing.
16:21Absolutely bored sit.
16:23People go crazy doing that,
16:25and I've got no intentions of going crazy.
16:26But she may have no choice.
16:35Soon she may find herself at home with her husband Joe
16:38and her three grown daughters,
16:40Dawn, Shirley, and Samantha,
16:44who with one other sister share a single bedroom.
16:49They are all in their 20s.
16:51None of them works.
16:52I don't know what the future holds for them
16:58because it's just a boring life that they've got.
17:03I mean, they apply for jobs.
17:04They don't get jobs.
17:06I mean, all these young kids want to work.
17:08My daughters want to work.
17:09And me son, me friends, children in work.
17:12They want to work.
17:14They can't work.
17:15Nobody will give them work.
17:16There are 31 families in the small council estate.
17:25Only four people work.
17:26And one of them is Leslie.
17:30A few houses down the road
17:32lives Mr. Galloway with his son Stephen
17:34and his daughter Tracy,
17:36all unemployed.
17:40Tracy is 19.
17:42She's not looking for a job.
17:46Except for the fact that her parents are divorced,
17:49Tracy is happy at home.
17:52I think I would really be happy
17:54if Mom and Dad were together.
17:58But I know that's not...
18:00That can't happen, so...
18:02Come on.
18:04Come on, you lazy fuckie.
18:06Like every teenager,
18:07she has her dreams.
18:09I'd want to be an aerostess.
18:11Get around and see the world.
18:14Never been abroad.
18:16Peggy.
18:17I am happy at home, though.
18:20I get up about, say, 12,
18:22sometimes 1 o'clock in the afternoon.
18:25And I can come downstairs,
18:26and I know my dad's done everything.
18:28He does the washing, the cooking,
18:30the cleaning, the ironing, the shopping.
18:32So, more or less,
18:34I don't have to do anything.
18:35I mean, I should do, but I don't.
18:38My dad does all the work.
18:39I watch the Sulloans that's on at 1 o'clock in the afternoon,
18:45or something that's on the telly,
18:47and then I go round to Julie's.
18:49Sometimes Julie comes round here.
18:51They said the role's missing him,
18:54the part, like,
18:55the story line.
18:57They said they never closed it,
18:58so he can come back when he wants.
19:00He's working away down south, isn't he?
19:01They talk about their favourite soap operas,
19:04and worry about the future of the characters.
19:06But it's not all as simple as it seems.
19:12Tracy is five months pregnant,
19:14and Julie, who is 16,
19:16has a one-year-old daughter.
19:23Their other friend, Annette, is 19.
19:25She has a son of one,
19:27and a daughter of three.
19:31Lynn, Julie's sister, is 18,
19:34and has a six-month-old baby.
19:36Not one of them is married.
19:39We asked them how many of their friends
19:41did not have babies.
19:43Two, I think.
19:45How many friends do you have who do have babies?
19:47Everyone.
19:50Why do you think children like you are having babies?
19:53I couldn't tell you.
19:54I must have been mental.
19:56Just pregnant, had a baby.
19:58Tell me mum that was it.
19:59Do you enjoy your baby?
20:00You enjoy life?
20:03Well, you can't do what you want.
20:04I mean, you can't go out or nothing.
20:05I live with my dad, so...
20:08Life just evolves around the children, really.
20:10That is my life for the kids.
20:14Is it fun?
20:15No.
20:16It's boring.
20:16You're stuck, aren't you?
20:20Side-down, all that.
20:22You've got to come in and look after them, all that.
20:25Change a nappy, do a washing, I don't know.
20:27Feed them.
20:29Buy them clothes.
20:30Got no money for yourself.
20:32Scruffy like me.
20:36That's it, like.
20:37So, why do you think so many 16-year-olds have babies?
20:41Because they're stupid.
20:42If you were to give Tracy advice five months ago, what would you tell her?
20:47To get rid of it.
20:48I wouldn't have got rid of it.
20:53I wanted it.
20:54If I didn't want it, I wouldn't have had it.
20:55I was on the pill.
20:57When I come off it.
20:59So I knew what I was doing.
21:01And I wouldn't have an abortion.
21:03No one asked me to have an abortion.
21:04Everyone advised me.
21:07Tisha said to me I was stupid for that morning.
21:10Even Lynn and Julie, everyone's told me.
21:12But it's what I wanted to.
21:13It's me, haven't I?
21:15What would the baby add to your life, do you think?
21:19I don't know, really.
21:21Gonna find out now, haven't I?
21:25When you hit the car...
21:26I wouldn't like to be young today.
21:28You know, there's no work.
21:30There's no prospects or nothing.
21:31The girls, they all get into trouble, you know.
21:37There's quite a few round here in this area that's pregnant, you know.
21:40Or that's got children.
21:43I mean, she's not the only one.
21:46It's tragic, really.
21:50I'm glad that I was young, you know, years ago,
21:54when there was plenty to do.
21:56But now, you know, I don't think I can cope now.
22:01You can do it, they tell themselves and each other.
22:18You can do it, if you try.
22:20After all, others made it here in Liverpool, didn't they?
22:32Okay, here we are outside the Oxford Street Maternity Hospital.
22:36And in room 1924,
22:38John Lennon was born on the 9th of October, 1940.
22:42And you can actually see this room itself.
22:44There it is, right in the middle, with a balcony.
22:46Fitting for John Lennon.
22:47But the Beatles, like the glory of Liverpool,
22:53belong to the past.
22:57The docks are now desolate,
22:59facing empty seas.
23:04The once proud port of an empire
23:06is no more.
23:07No other city in Europe, or indeed the world,
23:14has declined so sharply in the last two decades.
23:18It is a city of poor people,
23:20where 25% are unemployed.
23:23A city of the past.
23:25Well, the problem with Liverpool
23:27is that the reason for its existence
23:29has disappeared.
23:30It was a great shipping city,
23:32trade with Africa,
23:33trade with America,
23:34import of raw cotton,
23:37transatlantic passenger shipping,
23:39import of sugar cane,
23:42things like that.
23:43All that has disappeared.
23:44There's no passenger shipping anymore.
23:47We're on the wrong side of England
23:48for trade with Europe.
23:50We're not an industrial town,
23:51we're a shipping town.
23:52There's no shipping left.
23:53Over a third of the population of Liverpool
23:57has left.
24:00Half of the manufacturing industry
24:02has disappeared.
24:06Now, the second and third generation of people
24:09are without work.
24:13Liverpool is a devastated city,
24:15where people feel that no one cares
24:17about them very much.
24:18Least of all,
24:19the present conservative government.
24:23The members of Parliament
24:26for the Conservative Party
24:27that support the Prime Minister
24:28are almost all in the South.
24:30There are no votes,
24:31no seats up here,
24:32and there's no way
24:33of winning seats up here,
24:34so there's a political reason.
24:35But more important, I think,
24:37is that Southerners,
24:39the prosperous, the rich,
24:41the progressive,
24:43growing part of England,
24:44doesn't really understand
24:45what life is like
24:46in the depressed North.
24:48It's quite a different world,
24:52it has quite different values,
24:53it has quite different life chances.
24:58The risk we have
25:00is that we are developing two Englands,
25:02the England of the rich,
25:04who are growing richer,
25:05and the England of the poor,
25:07who are growing relatively poorer,
25:08who are not sharing in prosperity at all.
25:10And it's not only that
25:17you have a rich class
25:18and a poor class,
25:19but the poor happen to be
25:21all in the North of England,
25:22and the rich tend all
25:23to be in the South of England.
25:24So one risks a confrontation,
25:26I think, in the end,
25:27a geographical confrontation.
25:28In Winchester in the South,
25:39the unemployment rate
25:40is the lowest in England.
25:42It is a cathedral city
25:43about which an Englishman wrote,
25:46No English city
25:47has a nobler record in the past,
25:50or a life more peaceful
25:51in our rushing, hasteful age.
25:54There is still given to those
25:56who have the wisdom to know it,
25:57to dwell in peace.
26:00Words written almost a hundred years ago
26:02still ring true today.
26:27Dr. Stephen Winkley is deputy headmaster
26:43of Winchester College.
26:50The college was founded in 1382
26:52by William of Wickham.
26:54Its students are still called Wickhamists.
26:57It is the oldest
26:58and one of the most venerated
26:59of the English public schools.
27:02Its graduates are among the best
27:03and the brightest.
27:06We are in a fortunate situation
27:09at Winchester
27:09in that 90% of our people
27:13will go on to university education,
27:16and the majority of them
27:18will find work pretty easily,
27:21as far as our information goes
27:22at the moment.
27:23At the end of that.
27:25And to that extent,
27:27we are obviously,
27:29as it were,
27:29at the top end of the market
27:31in terms of being able
27:32to use the opportunities
27:33that are available
27:34in the world outside.
27:36What is it specially about us
27:38that gives us this special quality?
27:40I think society.
27:43The way this country is run
27:44puts us into that sort of situation.
27:46Puts us into this situation.
27:48Right.
27:48So you are an unwilling victim
27:49of society.
27:50I'm not unwilling.
27:51You're a willing victim
27:52of what society has done.
27:54What would happen
27:54if you were a member
27:55of the so-called working class?
27:58I'm sure I'd be very annoyed.
27:59I'd hate those Wickhamists.
28:02I'd hate them.
28:03Because they had something
28:04that I probably want.
28:06They got money.
28:07They've got a good job
28:08at the end of their
28:09scholastic career.
28:12How many people in this room
28:13are worried
28:15about getting a job?
28:18Or, to put it more precisely,
28:20worried about not getting a job?
28:31I think it depends
28:32how many of us
28:33go into the industry.
28:34Well, that itself
28:35is an astonishing reflection,
28:37isn't it?
28:39There are kids
28:40growing up in the north of England
28:41who have very, very little prospect
28:43of getting a job
28:44in the next five, ten years.
28:47I know.
28:47I think we all realise that.
28:49But it hasn't made any impact
28:51on you in the sense
28:52that it's not going to happen to you.
28:53It does.
28:54It makes an impact
28:54because we all realise
28:55how lucky we are to be here
28:56compared to the guy up in the north
28:58whose dad's unemployed,
29:00his mother's got cancer,
29:01and all the rest of it, you know.
29:04I don't think cancer is...
29:05I don't think cancer is...
29:06Everybody is still still cancer.
29:07But do we?
29:08I wouldn't say that the fact
29:09that there's massive unemployment
29:11in this country
29:11comes up as a subject
29:13of discussion in this school
29:14more than about once a year,
29:15if that.
29:16It's something that we've discussed
29:18quite a lot in economics.
29:20Well, if we did suddenly
29:22become unemployed for a long time,
29:24it would be shock horror, I think.
29:25Someone from Winchester
29:26to come out of university
29:28and go onto the dole
29:29would be a...
29:3020%, Peter, means
29:31one in five.
29:32There are 15 people
29:33in this class.
29:34We would expect, therefore,
29:35three people to be worried.
29:37Yeah.
29:37But no one's worried.
29:38But in this school,
29:39it wouldn't be an awful lot.
29:40The fact is,
29:41it may be regrettable,
29:42but Wickhamists
29:42are more likely
29:43to get a job
29:44than someone
29:44who's left school
29:45at 16 from a comprehensive.
29:47I mean,
29:47you have to face the facts.
29:49Right.
29:50And the facts you're facing
29:51is that you're likely
29:51to get a job.
29:52Yes.
29:52So no one's worried about it.
29:54Not really, no.
29:55I mean,
29:56let's suppose
29:56I was a teacher
29:57in the north.
29:59My feelings,
30:00my perceptions
30:00of the world
30:01would be very different.
30:02I would see the world
30:02for starters as hostile.
30:05I would reckon
30:05the world was against me.
30:07I would reckon
30:08that there weren't the jobs
30:09that maybe there were
30:10when I grew up,
30:11especially if I grew up
30:12in that part of the world,
30:14that the thing
30:14was changing much faster
30:16than I was able
30:17to keep touch with it.
30:18My emphasis
30:21would be much more
30:22on educating
30:22my charges
30:23for change
30:24and for leisure.
30:29Which is, I guess,
30:30a pretty bogus way
30:31of saying educating
30:31for unemployment.
30:34Mr. Price
30:35teaches school
30:36in the north,
30:37in Liverpool.
30:40Education,
30:41when I went to school,
30:42was the answer.
30:44It gave you a chance
30:45to get out
30:45of your strata of society.
30:48Work your way up,
30:50if you like.
30:51And the job was there,
30:53you could follow
30:53a certain path.
30:56Today,
30:56there's no jobs.
30:58There's no hope.
31:01If I was a working-class child,
31:03I just don't know
31:04what I'd do.
31:05You mentioned it before.
31:08I don't see
31:08any future at all of them.
31:10Somebody somewhere
31:11has to provide,
31:13if not a job,
31:14at least a hope of a job.
31:15And at the moment,
31:16it's the hope that's missing.
31:17They will accept
31:19that they might not
31:20have jobs this year.
31:21But at least
31:22if someone said,
31:22well, maybe in three,
31:23four years' time,
31:24there is hope,
31:26then they would accept that.
31:27But nobody's saying that.
31:29What they are being told
31:30is that upon leaving school,
31:32they must enrol
31:33in a government programme,
31:35the Youth Government
31:36Training Scheme,
31:37where they will be trained
31:38for one year
31:39in various jobs,
31:41training which will help
31:42them find work
31:43in the future.
31:43It doesn't quite
31:45work out that way.
31:48Steve Galloway
31:49finished his training
31:50more than a year ago.
31:52Wrote off for about,
31:53must be,
31:54about 20 odd jobs.
31:56And it's the same,
31:57same answer.
31:59Like,
31:59don't call us,
32:00we'll call you,
32:00or,
32:02but some is,
32:04when you think
32:04you've got it,
32:05then you find
32:05that you haven't.
32:06That's the worst.
32:07So,
32:09what do you do?
32:10Not much.
32:11Not much.
32:12Well,
32:12I usually go dialing me mates,
32:14visit me mates,
32:16go for a drink,
32:16or,
32:17you know,
32:18not much,
32:19really.
32:21Time passes,
32:22but,
32:23you never know
32:23how it passes,
32:24it just passes.
32:27I am the Antichrist!
32:31I am the Antichrist!
32:32Time passes,
32:34as thousands of young people
32:35sit in broken-down youth centres,
32:37doing nothing.
32:40Growing apathetic and cynical,
32:42many of them
32:42have stopped even
32:43looking for jobs.
32:45Often,
32:46the job centre
32:46must come to them.
32:52All right, everyone.
32:53Yeah,
32:53we've got the latest
32:54vacancies here,
32:56and what I'll do
32:56is just run through them,
32:57and if any of you
32:58have got any,
32:59you know,
32:59you fancy going for them,
33:00we'll just give us a shout.
33:02First one's,
33:03one of those government schemes,
33:0412 months once,
33:06for a part-time
33:07art tutor,
33:0849.73 a week.
33:10Any tables?
33:11Okay,
33:12next one,
33:13office junior,
33:14it's in Liverpool,
33:1542 pound a week.
33:1742 pounds is about 60 dollars,
33:20not much more
33:21than what they get on the dole.
33:23Most of the jobs
33:24will be temporary,
33:25subsidised by government
33:26programmes,
33:27or as they are called,
33:28government schemes.
33:30Monday to Friday,
33:3110 till 4,
33:31working in the city centre.
33:34Another sales assistant
33:35in the city centre,
33:38got to be over 17
33:39for this one,
33:40£71.50 a week,
33:42Monday to Friday
33:43during the store hours.
33:46Shop assistant in Toxteth,
33:4752.20 a week,
33:49that's another government scheme
33:50for 12 months,
33:51got to be over 18
33:52for that one.
33:53Haven't you got a lot
33:54of much schemes,
33:54much thing?
33:55Very few.
33:57Part-time arts tutor here,
33:59it's another government scheme
34:00one for 12 months,
34:02you've got to be over 18
34:03and it's 49.73 a week
34:05for 20 hours.
34:06It's slave wages,
34:08isn't it?
34:08£45 a week,
34:0925 part-time,
34:10it's not good.
34:11Can't live on that.
34:12Most of the jobs
34:13that there is
34:14are only dead cheap schemes
34:16like slave labour
34:17and all that.
34:19So,
34:19wouldn't work for them
34:20cos the money you get
34:21doesn't even pay your rent
34:22or whatever.
34:23I don't want any
34:24of them jobs.
34:25For me to wear,
34:27no,
34:27I'd have to be picking up
34:29at least £120 a week
34:31to make it worth
34:32my while going to work.
34:34I'm better off on the dough.
34:37Myself,
34:37I've been working
34:37on the side,
34:38yeah,
34:38the last couple of weekends,
34:40Saturdays,
34:40Sundays,
34:41to keep me going,
34:43get another extra few bob.
34:45It's like a question
34:46of survival,
34:46more than anything.
34:48You know,
34:48I've been unemployed
34:49for two years now,
34:50officially.
34:51I've done work jobs
34:52on the,
34:52working on the,
34:53side.
34:54Well,
34:54you know,
34:55you've got to survive
34:56in this country.
34:57Anyone who takes that money
34:59isn't fiddling the government.
35:00All they're taking back
35:01is what was theirs
35:02in the first place.
35:03I'm lying to the states
35:05to get money off them
35:06to get a job
35:07in the future.
35:08Future?
35:09I don't think there's
35:10no future for us,
35:11no.
35:12It's gone from bad
35:13to worse.
35:15None.
35:15There was a future here,
35:21only 15 years ago,
35:23on the other side
35:24of the country,
35:24in Teesside,
35:25in the northeast of England.
35:29Born in the industrial revolution,
35:31this was a region
35:32which lived off heavy industry,
35:34iron and steel,
35:36engineering and chemicals.
35:38Teesside was prosperous.
35:40Unlike Liverpool,
35:42the government
35:42poured money
35:43into the industries
35:44of Teesside
35:45in the 60s and 70s.
35:47But inefficiency,
35:49old technology,
35:50the replacement of steel
35:52by new products,
35:53made it harder and harder
35:54to compete for markets.
35:56The industry declined
35:58and almost collapsed.
35:59Teesside was no longer
36:04the northeast success story.
36:07The labor government's policy
36:08of throwing money
36:09at the problem
36:10didn't work.
36:12And the free market theories
36:13which the Thatcher government
36:14counted on
36:15made things worse.
36:18Teesside has become
36:19one of the country's
36:20highest unemployment
36:21black spots.
36:23A quarter of its people
36:24are out of work.
36:26Dole queues sprang up
36:28across the region.
36:28But unlike Liverpool,
36:30there was no long tradition
36:32of unemployment here,
36:33so the blow felt harder
36:35and the sense of failure
36:36more profound.
36:40People ask me,
36:42am I bumping to my friends
36:43or I've not seen
36:44for a long, long time,
36:45maybe years.
36:46And just talking
36:48in conversation
36:49and they might say,
36:51how's John doing
36:51in his job?
36:53And I say,
36:54it's not working.
36:55And immediately,
36:56my thought is
36:57that they're thinking,
36:59oh, here we go,
37:00another scrounger.
37:01And there might not be,
37:02but I feel as if they are.
37:06John Mackin
37:07was a skilled worker
37:08for British Steel.
37:09I've tried.
37:11I've tried to get jobs
37:12in other areas,
37:13but you don't even
37:14get a reply
37:15of these people.
37:16I could really
37:17pick up my bedroom walls
37:18with the letters
37:19I've had from British Steel
37:20by saying no.
37:22I came home
37:24in a state of delusion
37:25once because
37:26I got an interview.
37:28It was, you know,
37:28down to six
37:29from three and a half million
37:30down to six
37:31for an interview.
37:32And, you know,
37:34you came home
37:34jumping about
37:35and clipping your heels
37:36together.
37:38It's very, very rare
37:39that he does get
37:39as far as an interview.
37:40But if he does get
37:41as far as an interview,
37:43I think maybe
37:45this time it might be it.
37:47He'll go for the interview.
37:48And when he comes back
37:50and he says,
37:50I didn't get it.
37:52I feel very angry
37:54and hurt
37:54because I think,
37:55well,
37:56well, why didn't he get it?
37:58Well, what's wrong with him?
37:59He's a good worker.
38:01And I start saying,
38:02but did you tell them
38:04how long you were
38:04at your other job?
38:06You're not going to stay there
38:07for a couple of weeks.
38:09You want to be there
38:10for a long time.
38:11Did you tell them that?
38:12Did you make sure
38:13that they're understood?
38:14But there's nothing
38:16I can do about it,
38:17he'll say.
38:17I can't make them
38:19give me the job.
38:20And I say,
38:21but why?
38:22Why don't they like you?
38:23I mean,
38:24there's nothing wrong with you.
38:25You're not deformed,
38:27you know.
38:28Did you make sure
38:29that you are a good worker?
38:31Did you tell them?
38:32And I tend to get
38:33a little bit angry with him.
38:34Did you put yourself
38:35over enough
38:36that they understood
38:37that you really want this job?
38:39And then he'd get
38:40a little bit angry with me.
38:42And then at the same,
38:44I'd say,
38:44I can't plead with them.
38:46I can't make them
38:48give me the job.
38:49There might have been
38:50thousands after that job.
38:51Not hundreds,
38:52or maybe five.
38:53There might have been
38:54thousands.
38:55What makes you think
38:56they're going to pick me?
38:58But because you're
38:58a good worker,
38:59why shouldn't they pick you?
39:00But so is everybody else
39:02that goes after a job.
39:04And so,
39:06I might just,
39:07you know,
39:07I just accept it then.
39:08I say,
39:08well,
39:09okay then.
39:10But I still think
39:11in the back of my mind
39:12they don't like him.
39:13That's why.
39:14They didn't like him.
39:16Remember,
39:17this will be
39:18your first contact
39:19with the employer
39:20and it is important
39:21that you make
39:21a good impression.
39:23It could get you
39:24through to an interview.
39:26The government,
39:27too,
39:27seems to believe
39:28that it is all
39:28a matter of being liked.
39:31So job clubs
39:32are being run
39:33where the unemployed
39:34are taught the secrets
39:35of appealing
39:36to a prospective employer.
39:37Think about what
39:38you've got to offer
39:39an employer
39:40and be prepared
39:41to answer questions
39:42about yourself,
39:44your experience,
39:44People who never
39:44had to look for work
39:45because industry
39:47was always there
39:47for them
39:48must now learn
39:49the ABCs
39:50of the outside world
39:51like making
39:52a telephone call.
39:53The most things
39:53that can happen
39:54is you get into
39:54the middle of the call
39:55and your money runs out
39:56and you haven't
39:57got enough change.
39:59Make sure you've got
40:00a pen and paper
40:01handy to take down
40:02details.
40:04When you get through
40:05to the department head,
40:07address him by name.
40:10Hello,
40:11my name's David Jones.
40:13I'd like to speak
40:13to the head
40:14of the sales department.
40:15Can you tell me
40:16his name, please?
40:17Yes, it's Mr. Stewart.
40:18I'll put you through.
40:20Hello, Mr. Stewart.
40:21My name's David Jones.
40:23I've had several years
40:24in sales
40:24and I'm interested
40:25in meeting with you
40:26to talk about
40:27the possible openings
40:27in your department.
40:29We did use
40:29mortise machines.
40:30When John Richardson,
40:32who's a skilled worker,
40:33got his hope for interview,
40:35it was with the director
40:36of a community programme.
40:37Where jobs
40:38are subsidised
40:39by the government.
40:40And it's temporary work
40:41for a period
40:42of only up to 52 weeks.
40:44Yes.
40:44Don't you?
40:45Yes, the contract.
40:46How do you feel
40:47about that kind of work?
40:49Well, I mean,
40:50a job for 52 weeks,
40:51you know,
40:51when we have looked at it,
40:53it is a job
40:53to keep me off the door
40:54for a year.
40:55Right.
40:55If somebody comes to us
40:57for a job,
40:58their chances
40:58of getting a job
40:59are 1 in 25.
41:01So I'm what?
41:0255, maybe 60,
41:03you know, if possible.
41:04Would you be willing
41:05while you're with us
41:05to undertake...
41:06I wouldn't have believed
41:07three years ago
41:08that we would get
41:10the numbers of people
41:12and the quality
41:13and the skills
41:14of the people
41:14coming forward
41:15to take these jobs.
41:16You've been unemployed
41:17now for three years.
41:18Three years, yeah.
41:18We know
41:19that the vast majority
41:20of the people
41:21who we've interviewed
41:22will not find employment
41:23with us
41:23at this point in time.
41:25Well, mainly,
41:26I've just got myself
41:26into a sort of routine,
41:27you know,
41:28I just do more...
41:28It's not a problem
41:29with the people
41:30not having skills
41:31because they do.
41:33Let's have a look.
41:34It's not the problem
41:35that they're not
41:35highly motivated
41:36because they are.
41:37My parents,
41:38I go there twice a week.
41:39And it's not a problem
41:40that they're not good
41:41at interviews
41:41because they're good
41:42at being interviewed.
41:44How do you keep
41:45your skills in practice?
41:46Well, you know,
41:47say for instance...
41:48The problem lies
41:49with the fact
41:50that the jobs
41:50are not there
41:51for those people.
41:53Yes.
41:54And anybody
41:54who says anything different
41:55is a liar.
41:56The problem is just me
41:57getting up that much early,
41:58you know,
41:58but I'm usually
41:59fairly early
42:00in the morning anyway.
42:03John Richardson
42:04did not get the job
42:05at the end
42:06of his interview.
42:07Like the others,
42:08he will continue
42:09to wait.
42:10Five seconds to go.
42:12One,
42:13two,
42:14three,
42:14four.
42:15Okay.
42:16He will pass
42:17the time
42:17as best he can,
42:19watching pigeon races.
42:21What's the idea
42:21he get
42:22when he goes
42:22over that school?
42:23The sport
42:24of the unemployed.
42:25See him climbing?
42:26Yeah.
42:26Yeah.
42:27It's too long,
42:28Steve.
42:28Yeah.
42:29It's 10,
42:2915,
42:30yeah.
42:30Yeah.
42:31Like the rest
42:32of them,
42:32he will wait
42:33and hope
42:33that something
42:34will happen.
42:35Something that
42:36will turn things
42:36around for Teesside.
42:37Why did this happen
42:44to England?
42:48Britain never took
42:48the decisions
42:49it had to take
42:50in order to modernize
42:51its manufacturing industry.
42:53It never took
42:53the decisions
42:53it had to take
42:54in terms of
42:55its attitudes
42:56in industry
42:57and that's meant
42:58that for about
42:59the past
42:5920 or 30 years
43:01we've been
43:02in a pretty
43:02steady decline
43:04that's actually
43:04been hastened
43:05over the last
43:05five or six years
43:06very, very rapidly.
43:08Well, I think
43:08it's all part
43:09of the post
43:10Second World War
43:11heritage
43:12in which we
43:13built a great
43:14country on an empire
43:15and with an empire
43:16and haven't yet
43:18adjusted to a new
43:19role in the world.
43:19I think we'd
43:20started doing that
43:21when Edward Heath
43:22took us into
43:22the European community
43:23at the beginning
43:25of the 70s
43:26and then Harold Wilson
43:27confirmed that
43:28decision under
43:29the Labour government.
43:30I think people
43:31began to get a sense
43:32of being a European
43:33country and playing
43:34a role within
43:35the European community
43:36and we started
43:37looking in that
43:37direction.
43:39But then you see
43:39we've had something
43:40like the Falklands War
43:41which I think is a
43:41tremendous disaster
43:42from this point of view
43:43because it's revived
43:44all the ideas
43:46of grandeur
43:47of great old Britain
43:48going out into the world
43:50and being a great
43:50international power
43:51when the truth
43:52of the matter is
43:53which the British people
43:54don't like to face
43:55and British politicians
43:56don't like to face
43:57very often either
43:57is that we're the
43:5819th country
44:00in the world.
44:01Many people say
44:02that the loss of empire
44:03and our failure
44:05to modernize
44:05after two wars
44:07which in fact
44:08we won
44:08are the fundamental
44:09causes of our failure
44:10to be more successful
44:11industrially.
44:12I didn't believe it.
44:13I think the empire
44:14was a contributory factor
44:15in that it gave us
44:17access to
44:18protected markets
44:19but not a fundamental
44:20factor.
44:21We actually won
44:22two wars
44:23so the question
44:24comes up
44:24if we can win a war
44:26why can't we win
44:27an industrial battle?
44:28The answer lies
44:34not in the north
44:34with its armies
44:36of unemployed
44:36but rather
44:40in the south
44:41in places
44:42like Winchester
44:43a part of
44:46establishment England
44:47with people
44:49like Peter Maxwell
44:50a member
44:53of the Winchester
44:54City Council.
44:54There is a serious
44:58argument
44:58which we have
44:58to contend with
44:59which is the argument
45:00by the City Council
45:02which has to represent
45:03Winchester District
45:04as a whole
45:04not just Kingsford
45:05not just this little village
45:06but the whole locality
45:07and their argument
45:09is that we may need
45:10high technology
45:11in this area
45:12for the sake
45:13of our local firms
45:14and for the sake
45:15of our children
45:16who may need
45:17to find jobs
45:18in high tech
45:19when other jobs
45:20have gone out
45:21of the window
45:21in 10-15 years time.
45:23Every year
45:24industry and roads
45:25take something
45:26between 60 and 100,000
45:28acres of land
45:29in this country
45:30small as it may be
45:31for development.
45:33Why on earth
45:34put something down here
45:35in a beautiful part
45:35of the English countryside?
45:37Why can't they
45:38take it somewhere else
45:38where the people
45:39desperately need jobs?
45:41In this most attractive
45:43area are woodland
45:44and over 200 trees
45:46would be destroyed
45:47at one fell swoop.
45:48They're 200 years old
45:49some of them.
45:50This is quite nonsensical.
45:52Totally unacceptable
45:53as far as I'm concerned.
45:54The demand is not there
45:56and for goodness sake
45:57let's keep this area
45:58as clear as we possibly can.
46:00Let us say no,
46:01no, no.
46:02The minister for this
46:03said the other day
46:04that the countryside
46:04is one of the glories
46:06of a nation
46:06and I think we've got
46:07to hold him to that
46:08and say you know
46:09you put your money
46:10where your heart is
46:11and protect the local
46:14countryside
46:15because that's all
46:16we've got left
46:16in this part of the world.
46:17Over 200 years
46:20after the Industrial Revolution
46:21industry is still
46:23alien in the south.
46:25The real England
46:26is in the countryside
46:27and the admired Englishman
46:29is not the successful
46:30industrialist
46:31but the educated
46:32country gentleman.
46:34It's in the history.
46:35We were the earliest
46:40country to industrialize.
46:41We industrialized
46:42as we are said
46:43to have acquired
46:43our empire
46:44in a fit of absence of mind.
46:46We were an agricultural economy
46:48a highly successful one
46:49a highly stable society
46:51and the people
46:52who in fact
46:52started the Industrial Revolution
46:54were the non-conformists
46:55people who were denied
46:57the esteemed occupations
46:58of government
46:59the academic world
47:00the learned professions
47:01and it was the Quakers
47:03and other non-conformists
47:04who were the pioneers
47:05of the Industrial Revolution.
47:07So to that extent
47:08it started off
47:09if you like
47:09with a degree
47:10of social stigma.
47:12Nonetheless
47:12we flourished
47:13industrially
47:14over that period
47:14up to the middle
47:15of the 19th century
47:16and then the next
47:17blow if you like
47:19to foundations
47:22as an industrial country
47:23was Dr. Thomas Arnold
47:25the most distinguished
47:25headmaster
47:26who went to one
47:27of the most famous
47:28British public schools
47:30as we call them
47:30which are of course
47:31private
47:31and when he went
47:32to rugby
47:33he said
47:33the ideal
47:34of an English gentleman
47:35and he didn't even
47:36think of educating
47:36English gentlewomen
47:37in those days
47:38was someone
47:39as far removed
47:39as possible
47:40from making money
47:42and therefore
47:42from industry
47:43and that ethos
47:44that ethic
47:45the idea
47:46that to be
47:47an academic
47:47is better
47:48than to be
47:48someone using
47:49his hands
47:50or her hands
47:51has pervaded
47:52the British
47:53educational system
47:54ever since.
47:54Sanctus
47:59Sanctus
48:02Sanctus
48:08Sanctus
48:12Sanctus
48:16Sanctus
48:22Sanctus
48:27Sanctus
48:30Sanctus
48:32Sanctus
48:34What sort of job
49:03you think you'll be doing
49:05in ten years' time?
49:07Michael.
49:08I should think something
49:11wonderfully unproductive
49:13like journalism,
49:14perhaps be an economist.
49:15Right, Thomas?
49:17I expect I'll probably be a lawyer
49:19or a banker or something.
49:21Edward?
49:22Banking or journalism, I should think.
49:25Rufus?
49:26Business or finance.
49:28Jamie?
49:28I'd like to go to television.
49:32Medin?
49:33Probably law or civil service,
49:36I'm not sure.
49:37Nick?
49:38Probably some sort of
49:39surveying or banking, I don't know.
49:41Emma?
49:42I'd probably be married
49:43to a banker or something.
49:45Oh, well, well.
49:47Dominic?
49:48Mind the banking.
49:51Diplomacy, probably.
49:53What kind of jobs
49:54do you think would be unsuitable?
49:56The British generally
49:57have a pretty arrogant
49:58view of going into industry.
50:01It's rather sort of
50:02down market, they think.
50:03Yeah.
50:04I mean, this is probably
50:06one of the reasons
50:06why British industry
50:07is doing so badly.
50:08If people are going through
50:09so-called respectable careers.
50:12A wickamist who became
50:13a sales manager
50:13would be frowned upon.
50:15Right.
50:16Right.
50:16Does anyone want to add to that?
50:17There are some careers
50:18which, if you sort of announced
50:19in tea or lunch or something,
50:21there will be a sort of
50:22stunned silence.
50:22Everybody will drop their forks
50:24and go, you what?
50:25That's right.
50:26They'll go into
50:26sweet manufacturing or something.
50:27That's right.
50:28Well, industry at the moment
50:30is a very risky thing
50:31to be involved in.
50:32There are companies
50:32going into liquidation
50:34every day.
50:35There's an enormous amount
50:36of risk in it.
50:37And compare the risk in industry
50:39to the risk of being a lawyer
50:40where there are enormous profits.
50:42The market is huge and growing.
50:45It doesn't actually produce anything
50:46but it's an enormously safe job.
50:48Industry sums up something
50:50that's greasy, dirty,
50:51strikes.
50:53It's just unpleasant.
50:54It's just not something
50:55that some little sheltered boy
50:57who goes to Winchester College
50:58would do.
50:59In one sentence,
51:00I think I would sum it up
51:02by saying it is
51:03we don't regard industry
51:04as the occupation
51:05for a gentleman.
51:09This report now
51:11from Terry Baker.
51:12Any new industry
51:13which these days
51:14provides jobs
51:15in the Northeast
51:15is more than welcome
51:16in these very grim times.
51:18Hartlepool is...
51:18In fact,
51:19so few people
51:20go into manufacturing industry
51:22these days
51:22that those who do
51:24are hailed by press
51:25and television.
51:27This story started
51:28when the government
51:28offered a 75,000 pound bank loan
51:31to anyone willing
51:32to open a factory
51:33in the North.
51:34Chris Leverus,
51:35a Greek Cypriot,
51:36was interested.
51:38The fact that he hadn't
51:39a penny of his own
51:39did not stop him
51:41from picking up the telephone.
51:42I heard this voice,
51:44obviously a foreign voice.
51:46I didn't know
51:46where he was from.
51:47I didn't know
51:47what he was wanting to do.
51:48He wanted to come
51:49and talk to me
51:50about setting up a factory,
51:51a business in Hartlepool.
51:53I said,
51:53well, look,
51:54this is not a question
51:54of me failing.
51:55I am going to succeed.
51:56Have no fear.
51:58Never mind the cost.
51:59At the end of the day,
52:00I said,
52:01we will succeed.
52:02I didn't really believe it,
52:04but it was...
52:06Within two weeks,
52:07he was back again.
52:08It took a few weeks
52:08of, you know,
52:09persuading people,
52:10but I had a big enough mouth
52:12to make sure
52:13that everyone understood
52:13what I was saying.
52:14It was just unbelievable.
52:16The rest of the story
52:18tells itself.
52:18This is BBC One.
52:20Now from Newcastle,
52:21look north
52:21with Mike Neville.
52:24Three years later,
52:26Mr. Chris
52:26is a huge success story.
52:29He employs
52:29over 300 workers
52:31in his factory
52:31and his business
52:33is worth $15 million.
52:35Television hails him.
52:37The government
52:38honors him.
52:39Peter Holland
52:39has been looking
52:39at the recipe
52:40for success.
52:41If the man
52:41behind the venture
52:42gets his way,
52:43then before long,
52:44Hartlepool
52:45could become known
52:46worldwide
52:47as Cake City.
52:58It's not shipbuilding
52:59or high tech,
53:00and cream cakes
53:01may never put England
53:02on the industrial map again,
53:04but they do make
53:05Mr. Chris rich.
53:07He works hard for it.
53:10Whether I am here,
53:11whether I am traveling,
53:12whether I'm at home,
53:13at all times,
53:14I think of how
53:15I'm going to make it bigger,
53:16better, more strong.
53:17Sometimes I get up
53:18at 1, 2 o'clock
53:19in the morning,
53:20I do my exercise
53:21in the bathroom,
53:21and I think,
53:22now, that's what
53:23I should do tomorrow,
53:24and I cannot go back
53:24to sleep.
53:25So I get in my car,
53:26I come to work.
53:272 o'clock in the morning,
53:273 o'clock in the morning,
53:28here,
53:28is not used to my stuff.
53:30They don't even turn a hair.
53:31They expect me.
53:32And this attitude
53:34is what Mrs. Thatcher
53:36expects from Britain,
53:37a new attitude
53:38towards entrepreneurship
53:39and industry.
53:41What Mrs. Thatcher
53:42has got in mind,
53:43it's really 50 years
53:45in advance
53:45for the majority
53:47of people in this country.
53:49They're not ready yet.
53:50No way.
53:51If they were ready,
53:52there's lots of money
53:52in this country.
53:54Go out and get it.
53:55It's there.
53:56That's the motto.
54:00But to do that,
54:01England will need
54:02a new kind
54:03of industrialist,
54:04able to resist
54:05what the old ones
54:06could not,
54:07the lure
54:08of being an English
54:09country gentleman.
54:18Chris, come on, girl.
54:20Chris, come on.
54:21Come on, then.
54:23Chris.
54:25Chris, come on.
54:26Come on.
54:26I live like a real
54:28English gentleman.
54:29I know what good
54:31things in life are.
54:32Come on.
54:33Come on.
54:34Come on.
54:36When he roamed,
54:37he was a romance too.
54:38But I do better.
54:40I do better.
54:41Come on, girl.
54:42Come on.
54:43So our journey ends
54:51where it began,
54:52in the English countryside,
54:54where no new ideas,
54:59no government plans,
55:02no bleak statistics
55:04hold faster than
55:05the English dream
55:06and the belief
55:08that as long as
55:10there's a country lane,
55:11wherever there's
55:12a cottage small
55:13beside a field of grain,
55:16there will always
55:18be an England.
55:37One final comment.
55:38It's ironic that so many
55:40of the qualities
55:41we admire in the English,
55:43their attachment to place,
55:45their civility,
55:47their ability in the face
55:48of misfortune
55:49to make do,
55:50are perhaps the very things
55:52that make it so hard
55:54for them to deal
55:55with the changing world.
55:57Please join us again
55:59for Frontline.
56:00I'm Judy Woodruff.
56:01Good night.
56:03Next week on Frontline.
56:05It's not Miami Vice.
56:07It's real cops.
56:09Real crime.
56:11Real danger.
56:12The streets are like
56:14the jungle in a way.
56:16It's like an avalanche
56:17that keeps coming and coming
56:18and you know,
56:18you put your finger in here
56:20and bam,
56:20and it comes out
56:21and you go over here.
56:22You know,
56:22you just can't stop it.
56:24Watch Street Cop
56:25next week on Frontline.
56:27Oh,
56:29oh,
56:29oh,
56:29hey.
56:31Oh,
56:31oh,
56:32oh,
56:33oh,
56:34oh,
56:35oh,
56:35oh,
56:36oh.
56:37Transcription by CastingWords
57:07Transcription by CastingWords
57:37Transcription by CastingWords
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