De Nouvelles Données Révèlent L'existence D'anciennes Plages Sur Mars

Sympa

Mars vient de révéler une ambiance de plage majeure—littéralement! De nouvelles données du rover chinois Zhurong ont montré des formations rocheuses ressemblant exactement aux plages côtières de la Terre. Les scientifiques ont trouvé des couches de sédiments en pente, du type façonné par les vagues, non par le vent ou les volcans. Cela signifie que Mars avait probablement un immense plan d'eau avec de véritables marées et rivages il y a des milliards d'années. Cette découverte renforce sérieusement l'idée que Mars avait autrefois des conditions parfaites pour la vie. Imaginez des plages martiennes ensoleillées—pas besoin de crème solaire, juste d'une combinaison spatiale!

Transcript

00:00It looks like an ordinary beach, but something wreaks your fear.

00:05The sable is too red, the sun is too intense, the wind falls out of a strange way,

00:11we breathe well, and there is no water in the ocean.

00:15Don't worry, it's normal, you are on Mars.

00:18During very long time, we considered Mars as a cold and without vie,

00:23a desert where the water exists only in form of glass or smoke.

00:27But new research suggests that it was hundreds of years ago, it was a completely different place.

00:32And instead of this rain at perte of view, there was perhaps something that was much more familiar,

00:38the clouds of sable sun.

00:40The scientists of Penn State, the University of Berkeley and the University of Guangzhou

00:45studied the radar data of the Chinese rover Zhurong.

00:48It started to race on Mars in 2021.

00:51In exploring the surface of the red planet,

00:54he discovered the formations rocheuses inclinées

00:57which looks like the earth as we found on the Earth.

01:00We call them the sable littorals.

01:02They form the effect of waves, which push the sable towards the river.

01:06But Zhurong didn't make a beautiful picture of taking pictures.

01:09He was also equipped with a radar capable of penetrating the soil,

01:13and this tool allowed to scan the depths of the Martian surface

01:17on 2 km between May 2021 and May 2022.

01:20He made a pretty incredible discovery.

01:23There are layers of sediment forming a pente of about 15 degrees,

01:26so a configuration identical to the one that we found on Earth.

01:30And no, it does not come from the wind,

01:32from the volcanoes or other natural phenomena.

01:34It really looked like a beach.

01:36And it's in fact very important.

01:39Because if there were waves and waves,

01:41it was supposed to be a big étendue of water.

01:44Even after 3,5 milliards of years,

01:51these formations are still still similar to our planet.

01:55There is a time where Mars was quite more than a simple rocher poussiéreux

01:59floating in space.

02:01After revealing this surprise,

02:03the radar of Zhurong has scanned the soil

02:06to 79 mètres of profondeur

02:08and discovered the sedimentary clouds.

02:10They formed the along a perpendicular

02:13to an ancient littoral

02:14which probably existed there 4 billion years ago.

02:17From the other side,

02:18this is perhaps not so surprising.

02:20Jadis,

02:21Mars was not the desert arid and gelé

02:23that we know today.

02:25Her atmosphere was more dense,

02:27her climate was more hot,

02:28and the liquid water was abundant.

02:30And I don't talk about some small waves.

02:32The waves are not formed without a massive mass of water.

02:35For the waves to feed the terrain

02:37in such a way,

02:38it was necessary to get the rivers into a vast ocean.

02:41It was necessary to be able to move the water

02:43to move the sable.

02:44And all this water is still a long time

02:46at the same place.

02:47It was not a simple period

02:49a little humid,

02:50but a few millions of years

02:51during which Mars was active

02:53on the planet hydrologic,

02:55offering the ideal conditions

02:57for the rise of life.

02:58This discovery reinforces

03:00even a theory

03:01which intrigue the scientists

03:02since the years 1970.

03:04It is at this time

03:05that the Viking sonde

03:07of the NASA

03:08took photos of what seemed to be

03:09a littoral

03:10around the north of Mars.

03:12However,

03:13there was a problem.

03:14The littoral

03:15was very irregular,

03:16with a dénivelé

03:17to reach 10 km.

03:19It had nothing to do

03:20with the plates

03:21and relatively uniform

03:22that we observe on Earth.

03:24This difference

03:25has led

03:26the scientists

03:27a doubt

03:28of the existence

03:29of a Martian océan.

03:30Pendant years,

03:31scientists

03:32tried to

03:33this mystery.

03:34In 2007,

03:35they suggested that

03:36the rotation of Mars

03:37was modified

03:38there hundreds of years.

03:39As soon as

03:40the gigantic

03:41region volcanic

03:42of Tarsis

03:43developed,

03:44the axis of rotation

03:45of the planet

03:46was inclined,

03:47deforming the surface.

03:48This could explain

03:49why the river

03:50is so irregular

03:51today.

03:52In other words,

03:53the sea

03:55was transformed

03:56over the time.

03:57Mars

03:58gives us

03:59a few years

04:00of his past

04:01aquatics.

04:02Curiosity

04:03has discovered

04:04the ancient

04:05ondulations

04:06in the crater

04:07Gale.

04:08Perseverance

04:09is currently

04:10a delta

04:11fluvial

04:12fossilized

04:13in the crater

04:14Jezero.

04:15Today,

04:16with the proof

04:17of the existence

04:18of an ancient ocean,

04:19the sea

04:21of the sea

04:22of the sea

04:23of the sea

04:24of the sea

04:25of the sea.

04:26The mission

04:27of Zhurong

04:28was achieved

04:29in May 2022,

04:30when the rain

04:31was coming to

04:32cover its

04:33solar panels.

04:34But it can be

04:35that future missions

04:36could explore

04:37more detail

04:38these ancient

04:39depots

04:40of the sea.

04:41The scientists

04:42could also

04:43use

04:44the radars

04:45more perform

04:46to be

04:47more precisely

04:48in the future.

04:49So,

04:50there is a real hope

04:51that in the future,

04:52we can discover more

04:53of the past

04:54Mars.

04:55In the same time,

04:56the rover Perseverance

04:57of the NASA

04:58is already working

04:59in the crater

05:00J-0

05:01to collect

05:02samples.

05:03The scientists

05:04expect that

05:05he will bring them

05:06in the years

05:072030.

05:08Even if these samples

05:09will not come from

05:10the ancient ocean,

05:11they could help us

05:12to know more

05:13about the liquid

05:14of Mars.

05:15For now,

05:16the discovery of

05:17the rover

05:18is

05:19perhaps

05:20more

05:21with

05:22waves

05:23and

05:24rivers

05:25and

05:26rivers

05:27of

05:28Mars.

05:29It is equipped

05:30with a special

05:31special

05:32which is used to

05:33gratter the

05:34surface

05:35and the

05:36layers

05:37of

05:38the

05:39space

05:40that

05:41was

05:42composed

05:43of

05:44the rover

05:45used

05:46two instruments

05:47to analyze the

05:48chemical composition

05:49of the rock.

05:50The results

05:51confirmed that

05:52the rock,

05:53called the rock,

05:54the rock,

05:55was formed

05:56from lava

05:57or magma

05:58and not

05:59the

06:01ice

06:02of

06:03the

06:04sea

06:05and

06:06the

06:07sea

06:08the

06:09sea

06:10that

06:11the

06:12sea

06:13of

06:14the

06:15sea

06:16of

06:17the

06:18sea

06:19and

06:20the

06:22sea

06:23previous étudiait, principalement les roches. Et le climat martien ? Perseverance recherche

06:28des signes de vie passés. Si les scientifiques ont choisi le cratère G0, c'est qu'ils le

06:33soupçonnent d'avoir autrefois été un lac où de minuscules formes de vie auraient

06:38pu exister. Le rover Fort gratte et collecte des échantillons de roches qu'il étudie

06:43à l'aide de ses instruments scientifiques. Il conserve également certains échantillons

06:47afin de les ramener sur Terre où ils seront étudiés de plus près. Perseverance a fait

06:52des découvertes surprenantes sur Mars. Les scientifiques qui analysent les données qu'il

06:56nous a renvoyées ont découvert que le cratère G0 a beaucoup changé au fil du temps. Il

07:01y a très longtemps, cette région était recouverte de lave en fusion, abritait un lac qui a existé

07:07pendant des milliers d'années, était traversé par des rivières qui transportaient de la boue

07:11et du sable, et a même subi d'énormes inondations qui ont apporté des roches depuis des régions

07:16lointaines. Cela signifie que l'histoire de G0 est plus active et imprévisible que ne

07:21le pensaient les scientifiques. Cela a certainement rendu plus difficile la recherche des roches

07:25sédimentaires qu'ils recherchaient. Mais cela a également révélé de nouveaux endroits

07:29où la vie aurait pu exister par le passé. Une autre découverte passionnante est que

07:33toutes les roches étudiées jusqu'à présent par Perseverance contiennent des matériaux

07:38à base de carbone, les mêmes que ceux qui composent la vie sur Terre. Le rover Perseverance

07:43de la NASA est également équipé d'un instrument appelé MOXIE, qui a réussi pour la première

07:48fois à produire de l'oxygène à partir du dioxyde de carbone présent dans l'atmosphère

07:52martienne. Au cours de ses essais, MOXIE a produit environ 113 grammes d'oxygène, soit suffisamment

07:59pour permettre à un astronaute de respirer pendant environ 4 heures. Il a même dépassé

08:03les attentes, produisant jusqu'à 12 grammes d'oxygène par heure. Après deux ans de bon

08:08fonctionnement, MOXIE a terminé son dernier test en septembre 2023. Nous faisons ainsi un

08:13pas de plus vers la colonisation de Mars. Mais revenons à la découverte de ces anciens

08:17rivages martiens. Elles pourraient nous permettre de voir la planète rouge sous un nouveau jour.

08:21De l'eau aurait coulé à sa surface pendant des dizaines de millions d'années, creusant

08:25des lacs, des rivières, et même un vaste océan. Quelles autres erreurs avons-nous commises ?

08:30Des dinosaures martiens se promenaient-ils dans les vastes vallées verdoyantes de la planète

08:35rouge ? Ou s'agissaient-ils de créatures marines étranges et impossibles à imaginer ? Nous ne le

08:40savons pas encore. Mais une chose est très probable. Mars a connu une période de chaleur,

08:44avec de l'eau, et peut-être même de la vie.

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