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  • 4 months ago
Les scientifiques ont découvert que l'oxygène de la Terre ne durera pas éternellement — un jour, il disparaîtra, rendant la planète invivable pour la plupart des formes de vie. Ils prédisent que dans un lointain futur, l'atmosphère terrestre sera remplie de méthane, tout comme elle l'était avant l'existence de la vie complexe. Cela signifie que presque tous les êtres vivants, y compris les humains, suffoqueraient sans oxygène pour respirer. Le processus est inévitable, donc les scientifiques disent que nous avons deux choix : trouver une nouvelle planète pour y vivre ou découvrir comment survivre sans oxygène. Cela ne se produira pas avant au moins un milliard d'années, mais cela montre à quel point la vie sur Terre est réellement fragile. Pour l'instant, nous sommes en sécurité — mais dans un futur lointain, la Terre pourrait devenir un piège mortel !

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00:00So, at the end of the day, the sun will be responsible for the end of our world?
00:05Or is it a colossal meteorite?
00:07An epidemic, who knows?
00:10Nothing is more sure.
00:12It seems that the disappearance of life will come from a much more improbable cause.
00:17Hommes, animals, insects, fish and microorganisms
00:21might be able to escape the surface of the earth because of the oxygen,
00:25or more exactly, of its disappearance.
00:28The recent scientists have revealed a significant increase
00:32of the number of zones côtières
00:34where the reserves of eau douce
00:36have extremely low, even low.
00:40In 65 years, these eaux,
00:42in oxygen, have quadrupled in the world's oceans.
00:45What should we conclude?
00:47It is quite probable that the Earth's life
00:49will be open before the Earth
00:52to completely destroy the oceans.
00:54The Echéance could arrive in a few more than a billion years.
00:57A billion years.
00:58This does not mean for all that the planet will cease to exist.
01:01The phase during which the Earth is rich in oxygen
01:04will not represent only 20 to 30% of its total duration.
01:07We are, at the end,
01:09we are, at the end of the passage.
01:11And yet, a billion years
01:13of time,
01:15the first homo sapiens
01:16are appeared
01:17there about 3 million years.
01:19In other words,
01:20the whole of our history
01:22tient in less than a half million years.
01:24In the end of the year.
01:26A billion years
01:27will not be quickly.
01:28From there.
01:29From there,
01:30humanity will not be left
01:31from the Earth.
01:32Maybe we will have
01:33colonized another planet
01:34in the cosmos.
01:35But why
01:37could the oxygen
01:38be able to disappear?
01:39The sun will heat more
01:41the Earth will heat up
01:42in its way,
01:43the Earth will heat up
01:44the carbon dioxide
01:46indispensable
01:47to the photosynthase.
01:48Without carbon dioxide,
01:50the plants will cease
01:51to produce oxygen.
01:52In other words,
01:53the increase of CO2
01:54could make
01:55the temperature
01:56in methane.
01:57A gas
01:58which we are nocified.
01:59All this seems logical.
02:00But it is only a second cause.
02:02The second problem
02:03is ailleurs.
02:04As soon as the Earth
02:06will gain intensity,
02:07it will heat up
02:08the Earth
02:09such as the granite
02:10and the basalte
02:11which will begin
02:12to decompose more quickly.
02:13This process
02:14captures the carbon dioxide
02:16in the atmosphere.
02:17A gas
02:18which will contribute
02:19to the climate change.
02:20In theory,
02:21a decrease
02:22of CO2
02:23should refresh the planet.
02:24But in reality,
02:25the growth of the Earth
02:27will increase
02:28significantly
02:29the effect of the cold.
02:30So,
02:31despite the absorption
02:32of carbon dioxide
02:33the Earth
02:34will inevitably become
02:35burning.
02:36When the sunlight
02:38intensifies,
02:39it increases
02:40with other
02:41natural phenomena
02:42the alteration
02:43of the granite
02:44and the basalte.
02:45These rocks
02:46interact with the carbon dioxide
02:47and the carbon dioxide
02:48to form
02:49carbonate
02:50which will eventually
02:51sink in the depths
02:52of the earth
02:53of the earth.
02:54This mechanism
02:55removes the CO2
02:56of the air
02:57which will prevent
02:58the vegetation
02:59to produce oxygen
03:00since they have
03:01impérativement
03:02needed to photosynthetic
03:03The volcanoes
03:04by ailleurs
03:05relâchent
03:06divers gases
03:07which also contribute
03:08to the atmosphere
03:09of oxygen.
03:10The sun,
03:11in the destruction
03:12of the rocks,
03:13influences the process
03:14of the planet
03:15and determine
03:16the quantity
03:17of oxygen
03:18available.
03:19In a billion years,
03:20its eclipse
03:21will not be able
03:22to be able
03:23to be able
03:24the hydrogen
03:25of the earth
03:26from the earth
03:27to the photosynthetic
03:28and the production
03:29of oxygen.
03:30The Earth
03:31will return
03:32to the state
03:33which was his
03:34his 2,4 billion years
03:35at the time
03:36of the Great Oxidation.
03:37This episode
03:38was infinitely
03:39more determined
03:40than, say,
03:41the invention
03:42of the Olympic Games
03:43or the emergence
03:44of the human species.
03:45At this time,
03:46the oxygen
03:47was almost inexistant.
03:48The atmosphere
03:49was a dense
03:50of gases
03:51like the azote,
03:52the ammonium,
03:53the methane,
03:54the carbon dioxide
03:55in concentrations
03:56well superior
03:57to the ones
03:58that we know today.
03:59It was almost impossible
04:00for the life
04:01to emerge
04:02in such an environment.
04:03However,
04:04after many times,
04:05it was proven
04:06that the first forms
04:07were of simple bacteria
04:09such as cyanobacteries.
04:10They were able
04:11to generate
04:12oxygen
04:13in combining
04:14the solar light,
04:15water
04:16and carbon dioxide.
04:17During millions
04:18even billions
04:19of years,
04:20they were able
04:21to enrich
04:22peu
04:23the air
04:24in oxygen.
04:25This process
04:26was known
04:27by the name
04:28of the Great Oxidation
04:29finally,
04:30new organisms.
04:31This was the real
04:32beginning
04:33of the complex life.
04:34The cyanobacteries
04:35did not develop
04:36the photosynthetic
04:37by the oxygen
04:38or by enthusiasm
04:39scientific.
04:40No,
04:41the oxygen
04:42was just a residue.
04:43They were able
04:44to get a maximum
04:45of energy.
04:46They were able
04:47to get a maximum
04:48energy.
04:49They were able
04:51to absorb
04:52the energy
04:53solar energy.
04:54They were able
04:55to absorb
04:56the light
04:57and oxygen.
04:58For hundreds of millions
04:59of years,
05:00this mechanism
05:01has endured
05:02until the day
05:03they produced
05:04too much oxygen.
05:05This oxygen
05:06began to perturb
05:07the other
05:08gases present
05:09auparavant.
05:10It has thus
05:12absorbed the methane.
05:14But this
05:15relates
05:16to another
05:17history.
05:18Always
05:19is it
05:20that
05:21in a billion years
05:22we could
05:23revive
05:24a similar
05:25period.
05:26We hope
05:27to find out
05:28the way
05:29to migrate
05:30to another
05:31planet.
05:32A new life
05:33could appear
05:34without oxygen
05:35in abundance?
05:36It's envisageable
05:37but more complex.
05:38It would need
05:39another source
05:40of energy
05:41than the sun.
05:42For example,
05:43the hydrothermal sources.
05:44For example,
05:45some
05:46terrestres
05:47work already
05:48with this type
05:49of energy.
05:50It's the case
05:51of the grot
05:52of Moville
05:53in Romania.
05:54Imagine a place
05:55almost deprived
05:56of oxygen.
05:57Inaccessible
05:58to the solar light.
05:59After millions
06:00of years,
06:01a strange life
06:02and singular
06:03developed.
06:04Discovered
06:05in 1986,
06:06this grot
06:07continues
06:08today
06:09to be objeto
06:10of scientific research.
06:11The access to this grot
06:12is made by a simple
06:13hole in the ground.
06:14A narrow tunnel
06:15deep plonges
06:16towards the depths.
06:17Inside,
06:18the air is charged
06:19of hydrogen
06:20and carbon dioxide
06:21with an oxygen
06:23two times
06:24less than the surface.
06:25A human
06:26could survive
06:27without masks.
06:28But for the
06:29local organisms
06:30it's a natural habitat
06:31in which they prosper
06:33without pain.
06:34The grot
06:35has several
06:36dozens of species
06:37which many are
06:38endemic.
06:39We discover
06:40strange creatures,
06:41escargots
06:42and araignets
06:43blanchâtres,
06:44mille pattes
06:45as long as antennas,
06:46crevettes translucides
06:47and even
06:48species of sangsues
06:49still unknown.
06:50Privées
06:51of light
06:52in these caves,
06:53these organisms
06:54have no need
06:55they lose
06:56they lose
06:57they lose
06:58because of the long
06:59antennas
07:00sensibles
07:01and their
07:02pattes adaptées
07:03to the spatial navigation
07:04by ailleurs
07:05dépourvues
07:06of pigments
07:07they are all
07:08blancs
07:09or translucides.
07:10But then,
07:11in an environment
07:12so poor
07:13in oxygen
07:14and dépourvue
07:15of photosynthese,
07:16how can such a biodiversité
07:17could subsist?
07:18The key
07:19are
07:20they generate
07:21the nutrients
07:22necessary to their
07:23survival.
07:24They nourish
07:25then
07:26other organisms
07:27who become
07:28the proies
07:29of the larger
07:30species.
07:31Ainsi,
07:32it is formed
07:33a complete chain
07:34of the whole community.
07:35It is an ecosystem
07:36truly autonomous
07:37a sort
07:38of micro-univers
07:39regis
07:40by its own laws.
07:41However,
07:42this world
07:43is not extensible.
07:44All its inhabitants
07:45depend on the
07:46hydrothermal
07:47and the bacteria
07:48autotrophes
07:49for their survival.
07:50Without them,
07:51there is no source
07:52of energy.
07:53But imagine
07:54an instant,
07:55a future
07:56where the sun
07:57is weak,
07:58the oxygen
07:59and the hydrothermal
08:00will be able to
08:01the Earth.
08:02The darkness
08:03is charged
08:04with methane,
08:05carbon dioxide
08:06and other substances.
08:07However,
08:08the universe
08:09appears
08:10until the emergence
08:11of new human beings.
08:12They would be
08:13their aspect
08:14they would be
08:15weak,
08:16weak,
08:17with very longs
08:18arms to move
08:19and their companions
08:20of gigantic
08:21thousand feet
08:22or of the
08:23safari rampant
08:24silently on the ground.
08:25The silence
08:26is total
08:27because these humans
08:28sans poumons
08:29filled with air
08:30can't even cry.
08:31They communicate
08:32by the toucher.
08:33Nobody
08:34travels.
08:35Everyone lives
08:36isolated
08:37from its own source
08:38hydrothermal.
08:39In one billion years,
08:40the Earth
08:41would become
08:42an organic
08:43nightmare
08:44movie
08:45horror.
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