00:00So, at the end of the day, the sun will be responsible for the end of our world?
00:05Or is it a colossal meteorite?
00:07An epidemic, who knows?
00:10Nothing is more sure.
00:12It seems that the disappearance of life will come from a much more improbable cause.
00:17Hommes, animals, insects, fish and microorganisms
00:21might be able to escape the surface of the earth because of the oxygen,
00:25or more exactly, of its disappearance.
00:28The recent scientists have revealed a significant increase
00:32of the number of zones côtières
00:34where the reserves of eau douce
00:36have extremely low, even low.
00:40In 65 years, these eaux,
00:42in oxygen, have quadrupled in the world's oceans.
00:45What should we conclude?
00:47It is quite probable that the Earth's life
00:49will be open before the Earth
00:52to completely destroy the oceans.
00:54The Echéance could arrive in a few more than a billion years.
00:57A billion years.
00:58This does not mean for all that the planet will cease to exist.
01:01The phase during which the Earth is rich in oxygen
01:04will not represent only 20 to 30% of its total duration.
01:07We are, at the end,
01:09we are, at the end of the passage.
01:11And yet, a billion years
01:13of time,
01:15the first homo sapiens
01:16are appeared
01:17there about 3 million years.
01:19In other words,
01:20the whole of our history
01:22tient in less than a half million years.
01:24In the end of the year.
01:26A billion years
01:27will not be quickly.
01:28From there.
01:29From there,
01:30humanity will not be left
01:31from the Earth.
01:32Maybe we will have
01:33colonized another planet
01:34in the cosmos.
01:35But why
01:37could the oxygen
01:38be able to disappear?
01:39The sun will heat more
01:41the Earth will heat up
01:42in its way,
01:43the Earth will heat up
01:44the carbon dioxide
01:46indispensable
01:47to the photosynthase.
01:48Without carbon dioxide,
01:50the plants will cease
01:51to produce oxygen.
01:52In other words,
01:53the increase of CO2
01:54could make
01:55the temperature
01:56in methane.
01:57A gas
01:58which we are nocified.
01:59All this seems logical.
02:00But it is only a second cause.
02:02The second problem
02:03is ailleurs.
02:04As soon as the Earth
02:06will gain intensity,
02:07it will heat up
02:08the Earth
02:09such as the granite
02:10and the basalte
02:11which will begin
02:12to decompose more quickly.
02:13This process
02:14captures the carbon dioxide
02:16in the atmosphere.
02:17A gas
02:18which will contribute
02:19to the climate change.
02:20In theory,
02:21a decrease
02:22of CO2
02:23should refresh the planet.
02:24But in reality,
02:25the growth of the Earth
02:27will increase
02:28significantly
02:29the effect of the cold.
02:30So,
02:31despite the absorption
02:32of carbon dioxide
02:33the Earth
02:34will inevitably become
02:35burning.
02:36When the sunlight
02:38intensifies,
02:39it increases
02:40with other
02:41natural phenomena
02:42the alteration
02:43of the granite
02:44and the basalte.
02:45These rocks
02:46interact with the carbon dioxide
02:47and the carbon dioxide
02:48to form
02:49carbonate
02:50which will eventually
02:51sink in the depths
02:52of the earth
02:53of the earth.
02:54This mechanism
02:55removes the CO2
02:56of the air
02:57which will prevent
02:58the vegetation
02:59to produce oxygen
03:00since they have
03:01impérativement
03:02needed to photosynthetic
03:03The volcanoes
03:04by ailleurs
03:05relâchent
03:06divers gases
03:07which also contribute
03:08to the atmosphere
03:09of oxygen.
03:10The sun,
03:11in the destruction
03:12of the rocks,
03:13influences the process
03:14of the planet
03:15and determine
03:16the quantity
03:17of oxygen
03:18available.
03:19In a billion years,
03:20its eclipse
03:21will not be able
03:22to be able
03:23to be able
03:24the hydrogen
03:25of the earth
03:26from the earth
03:27to the photosynthetic
03:28and the production
03:29of oxygen.
03:30The Earth
03:31will return
03:32to the state
03:33which was his
03:34his 2,4 billion years
03:35at the time
03:36of the Great Oxidation.
03:37This episode
03:38was infinitely
03:39more determined
03:40than, say,
03:41the invention
03:42of the Olympic Games
03:43or the emergence
03:44of the human species.
03:45At this time,
03:46the oxygen
03:47was almost inexistant.
03:48The atmosphere
03:49was a dense
03:50of gases
03:51like the azote,
03:52the ammonium,
03:53the methane,
03:54the carbon dioxide
03:55in concentrations
03:56well superior
03:57to the ones
03:58that we know today.
03:59It was almost impossible
04:00for the life
04:01to emerge
04:02in such an environment.
04:03However,
04:04after many times,
04:05it was proven
04:06that the first forms
04:07were of simple bacteria
04:09such as cyanobacteries.
04:10They were able
04:11to generate
04:12oxygen
04:13in combining
04:14the solar light,
04:15water
04:16and carbon dioxide.
04:17During millions
04:18even billions
04:19of years,
04:20they were able
04:21to enrich
04:22peu
04:23the air
04:24in oxygen.
04:25This process
04:26was known
04:27by the name
04:28of the Great Oxidation
04:29finally,
04:30new organisms.
04:31This was the real
04:32beginning
04:33of the complex life.
04:34The cyanobacteries
04:35did not develop
04:36the photosynthetic
04:37by the oxygen
04:38or by enthusiasm
04:39scientific.
04:40No,
04:41the oxygen
04:42was just a residue.
04:43They were able
04:44to get a maximum
04:45of energy.
04:46They were able
04:47to get a maximum
04:48energy.
04:49They were able
04:51to absorb
04:52the energy
04:53solar energy.
04:54They were able
04:55to absorb
04:56the light
04:57and oxygen.
04:58For hundreds of millions
04:59of years,
05:00this mechanism
05:01has endured
05:02until the day
05:03they produced
05:04too much oxygen.
05:05This oxygen
05:06began to perturb
05:07the other
05:08gases present
05:09auparavant.
05:10It has thus
05:12absorbed the methane.
05:14But this
05:15relates
05:16to another
05:17history.
05:18Always
05:19is it
05:20that
05:21in a billion years
05:22we could
05:23revive
05:24a similar
05:25period.
05:26We hope
05:27to find out
05:28the way
05:29to migrate
05:30to another
05:31planet.
05:32A new life
05:33could appear
05:34without oxygen
05:35in abundance?
05:36It's envisageable
05:37but more complex.
05:38It would need
05:39another source
05:40of energy
05:41than the sun.
05:42For example,
05:43the hydrothermal sources.
05:44For example,
05:45some
05:46terrestres
05:47work already
05:48with this type
05:49of energy.
05:50It's the case
05:51of the grot
05:52of Moville
05:53in Romania.
05:54Imagine a place
05:55almost deprived
05:56of oxygen.
05:57Inaccessible
05:58to the solar light.
05:59After millions
06:00of years,
06:01a strange life
06:02and singular
06:03developed.
06:04Discovered
06:05in 1986,
06:06this grot
06:07continues
06:08today
06:09to be objeto
06:10of scientific research.
06:11The access to this grot
06:12is made by a simple
06:13hole in the ground.
06:14A narrow tunnel
06:15deep plonges
06:16towards the depths.
06:17Inside,
06:18the air is charged
06:19of hydrogen
06:20and carbon dioxide
06:21with an oxygen
06:23two times
06:24less than the surface.
06:25A human
06:26could survive
06:27without masks.
06:28But for the
06:29local organisms
06:30it's a natural habitat
06:31in which they prosper
06:33without pain.
06:34The grot
06:35has several
06:36dozens of species
06:37which many are
06:38endemic.
06:39We discover
06:40strange creatures,
06:41escargots
06:42and araignets
06:43blanchâtres,
06:44mille pattes
06:45as long as antennas,
06:46crevettes translucides
06:47and even
06:48species of sangsues
06:49still unknown.
06:50Privées
06:51of light
06:52in these caves,
06:53these organisms
06:54have no need
06:55they lose
06:56they lose
06:57they lose
06:58because of the long
06:59antennas
07:00sensibles
07:01and their
07:02pattes adaptées
07:03to the spatial navigation
07:04by ailleurs
07:05dépourvues
07:06of pigments
07:07they are all
07:08blancs
07:09or translucides.
07:10But then,
07:11in an environment
07:12so poor
07:13in oxygen
07:14and dépourvue
07:15of photosynthese,
07:16how can such a biodiversité
07:17could subsist?
07:18The key
07:19are
07:20they generate
07:21the nutrients
07:22necessary to their
07:23survival.
07:24They nourish
07:25then
07:26other organisms
07:27who become
07:28the proies
07:29of the larger
07:30species.
07:31Ainsi,
07:32it is formed
07:33a complete chain
07:34of the whole community.
07:35It is an ecosystem
07:36truly autonomous
07:37a sort
07:38of micro-univers
07:39regis
07:40by its own laws.
07:41However,
07:42this world
07:43is not extensible.
07:44All its inhabitants
07:45depend on the
07:46hydrothermal
07:47and the bacteria
07:48autotrophes
07:49for their survival.
07:50Without them,
07:51there is no source
07:52of energy.
07:53But imagine
07:54an instant,
07:55a future
07:56where the sun
07:57is weak,
07:58the oxygen
07:59and the hydrothermal
08:00will be able to
08:01the Earth.
08:02The darkness
08:03is charged
08:04with methane,
08:05carbon dioxide
08:06and other substances.
08:07However,
08:08the universe
08:09appears
08:10until the emergence
08:11of new human beings.
08:12They would be
08:13their aspect
08:14they would be
08:15weak,
08:16weak,
08:17with very longs
08:18arms to move
08:19and their companions
08:20of gigantic
08:21thousand feet
08:22or of the
08:23safari rampant
08:24silently on the ground.
08:25The silence
08:26is total
08:27because these humans
08:28sans poumons
08:29filled with air
08:30can't even cry.
08:31They communicate
08:32by the toucher.
08:33Nobody
08:34travels.
08:35Everyone lives
08:36isolated
08:37from its own source
08:38hydrothermal.
08:39In one billion years,
08:40the Earth
08:41would become
08:42an organic
08:43nightmare
08:44movie
08:45horror.
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