- 4 months ago
Disturbing collection of 1940s and 1950s United States government-issued propaganda films designed to reassure Americans that the atomic bomb was not a threat to their safety.
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00:00:00Transcription by CastingWords
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00:02:29We didn't use the word atomic bomb, we did not use that, but we said okay, now this is the bomb, this is what will happen when we make our flight tomorrow and release it, this is what we're going to see.
00:02:42So with this preliminary indoctrination, we got into the airplane and took off.
00:02:49Once we were airborne and in the air, I then left the pilot's seat of the airplane and I crawled back into the back where the enlisted men were.
00:03:03I got them all together back there and we poured some coffee out of the thermos jugs and I told them actually what we were doing and what we were carrying at that time.
00:03:11And the weather being clear at our primary, which was Hiroshima, there was no decision left.
00:03:18I mean, we were on the way to the primary. So that part of it was perfectly routine.
00:03:23As we came in from our initial point to the bomb release point, it was again routine.
00:03:31We were bothered, not in the least, by any kind of fighter opposition, no flack.
00:03:37We didn't see anything to cause us any concern so that we were able to concentrate strictly on the bombing problem.
00:03:45The bomb was released.
00:03:58We executed our turn away as we had been directed.
00:04:01The bomb blast hit us.
00:04:07It hit us in two different shock waves, the first being the stronger.
00:04:12This, as I say, was a perfectly unexciting and routine thing up until the point of taking a look at the damage that had been done.
00:04:23And then it was kind of, it was a little bit hard to realize, it was kind of inconceivable as to what we were looking at there.
00:04:32We passed comments back and forth in the airplane. We took pictures.
00:04:36And by the time we had done that, I became concerned that we better quit being sightseers and get out of there.
00:04:41And we were gone and off of the coast in a matter of about 20 minutes from the time that the bomb was released.
00:04:49We have spent more than two billion dollars on the greatest scientific gamble in history. And we have won.
00:05:10The Navy Department says that it's too early yet to tell what effect the atomic bomb will have on Japanese morale and that we may have to destroy four or five cities before they actually believe we have such a bomb.
00:05:34Having found the atomic bomb, we have used it. We shall continue to use it until we completely destroy Japan's power to make war. Only a Japanese surrender will stop us.
00:06:00It is an awful responsibility which has come to us. We thank God that it has come to us instead of to our enemies. And we pray that he may guide us to use it in his ways and for his purposes.
00:06:31Captain Behan, what was your most outstanding experience on this historic flight?
00:06:38I suppose it was when the clouds opened up over to target at Naka Saki. Target was there pretty as a picture. I made the run. Let the bomb go. That was my greatest thrill.
00:06:53There was no atheist in a box hole
00:07:02And men who never prayed before
00:07:07Lifted tithe and bloodshot eyes to heaven
00:07:12And begged the Lord to end that awful war
00:07:18They told him of their homes and loved ones
00:07:24They told him that they'd like to be there
00:07:29I believe the bomb that struck Hiroshima
00:07:34Was the answer to a bang for his prayer
00:07:40Say, did you see that city where the first atomic bomb was dropped?
00:07:46Yes, Fred. We flew over Hiroshima for about half an hour
00:07:49It was a shambles, huh?
00:07:52A shambles? It looked like Ebbets Field after a doubleheader with the Giants
00:07:56The group had been told to select some targets in Japan
00:08:20That had not been bombed
00:08:22In other words, they wanted virgin targets
00:08:24And the reason behind it, even though not given to the group at that time
00:08:28The reason behind it was that they wanted to be able to make bomb blast studies
00:08:32Or bomb damage studies on virgin targets once the bombs were used
00:08:36They were definitely military targets
00:08:43There was no question about that
00:08:45And they offered such a, well, you could almost say a classroom experiment
00:08:54As far as being able to determine later the bomb damage
00:08:58That most likely needs to have 좋다, but in the first sight
00:09:18There's a tremendous amount of violence
00:09:23Only there's some pixels
00:09:25To give physical proportions
00:09:26I have been subjected many times to criticism I have been accused of being insane being a drunkard
00:09:45being everything that you can imagine a derelict to be as a result of a guilty conscience for
00:09:54doing this and as I say no one's ever come to my defense in in that regard I look at it this way
00:10:01that my part in this thing may well have been something that later or now that the US government
00:10:09might be looking at somewhat with a guilt complex and the feeling could be that the less said about
00:10:18it by the United States government the better
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00:11:11June 30th, 1946. Almost time. Another five seconds. Two. 5.30.
00:11:26A spuming column of smoke nine miles into the sky. Blinding light stronger than the sun.
00:11:33Bikini Atoll, present site of Operation Crossroads and the fourth atom bomb explosion.
00:11:40Bikini Atoll, where 200 warships will be anchored, 140 planes, 200 goats, 200 pigs, 4,000 rats.
00:11:50How will this fourth bomb affect you? What do you know of this atom bomb?
00:12:03The bomb will not start a chain reaction in the water, converting it all to gas and letting all the ships on all the oceans drop down to the bottom.
00:12:13It will not blow out the bottom of the sea and let all the water run down the hole. It will not destroy gravity.
00:12:20I am not an atomic playboy, as one of my critics labeled me, exploding these bombs to satisfy my personal whim.
00:12:33And thus the natives express to the people of the United States their welcome.
00:12:44Despite the fact that the Atoll of Bikini may be utterly destroyed come July the first.
00:12:50But to the natives, in their simplicity and their pleasantness and their courtesy, they're more than willing to cooperate.
00:12:58Although they don't understand the world of nuclear energy any more than we do.
00:13:04And though they have no way of understanding what the test is all about.
00:13:09Scene 26, take two.
00:13:13Hi, Commodore.
00:13:15Go ahead, James.
00:13:16Tell them that the Commodore explained the atomic bomb for you.
00:13:22All right now, James, will you tell them that the United States government now wants to turn this great destructive force into something good for mankind?
00:13:43And that this experiments here at Bikini are the first step in that direction.
00:13:50The American military government is the first step in that direction.
00:13:56The American military government is the first step in that direction.
00:14:02Now they have heard of our plan for their evacuation.
00:14:09Will you ask King Judah to get up and tell us now what his people think and if they're willing to go?
00:14:18And everything is in God's hands.
00:14:19Well, you tell them and King Judah that everything being in God's hands, it cannot be done.
00:14:20Other than good.
00:14:21And everything is in God's hands.
00:14:22It cannot be other than good.
00:14:23And everything is in God's hands.
00:14:24Well, you tell them and King Judah that everything being in God's hands, it cannot be other than good.
00:14:27American officials discuss plans with the Bikini natives for the evacuation of the atoll.
00:14:42The islanders are a nomadic group and are well pleased that the Yanks are going to add a little variety to their lives.
00:14:49And here, by the way, you hear them singing their Marshallese version of You Are My Sunshine.
00:15:10And I have just been interrupted at the voice of the control ship marking the seconds remaining.
00:15:38The final switches have been thrown.
00:15:40No one can stop it.
00:15:41The atomic bomb is about to explode.
00:15:42Firing time.
00:15:43How it will sound be...
00:15:4420 seconds.
00:15:45We do not know how it's going to sound, but 42,000 men here are watching.
00:15:50All of the observers...
00:15:5210 seconds.
00:15:53All of the observers ships are in position in the open sea.
00:15:56We're about 10 miles away.
00:15:57I can't see the target.
00:15:58Five, seven, four, three, two, one...
00:16:01Four, three, four, one.
00:16:02Two, three, four, two, three, four, five, six.
00:16:24Oh, my God.
00:16:54In the background was the growing struggle between two great powers to shape the post-war world.
00:17:14Soviet Russia was expensively stabbing westward, knifing into nations left empty by war.
00:17:19On orders from the Kremlin, Russia had launched one of history's most drastic political, moral, and economic wars, a Cold War.
00:17:27The United States was obliged to help Europe safeguard its traditional freedoms and the independence of its nations.
00:17:35Gone was the spirit of wartime unity that reached its peak on that historic afternoon in April 45 at the Elbe River in Germany.
00:17:43Here, two worlds actually met, but this coalition was to be torn asunder.
00:17:49Already an iron curtain had dropped around Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria.
00:18:00Ah, but this is Europe, you say.
00:18:05But let's see what can happen elsewhere in, say, the small town of Mawsony, Wisconsin.
00:18:10Peaceful, isn't it?
00:18:11But the Red Truncheon falls and the chief of police is hustled off to jail.
00:18:16Next, public utilities are seized by fifth colonists.
00:18:19Watch carefully what happens to an editor who operates under a free press.
00:18:23He goes to jail, too, and his newspaper is confiscated.
00:18:27Exit freedom of thought.
00:18:29Yes, this is life under the Soviet form of government.
00:18:33The little town of Mawsony made this experiment for 24 hours, a public service to all America.
00:18:39It can't happen here.
00:18:41Well, this is what it looks like if it should.
00:18:53Fortunately, we can move the clock back.
00:19:18The time is not yet.
00:19:20And let us pray that it never happens in our country.
00:19:25Before we meet the members of the American Legion Post 279 who helped make this picture possible,
00:19:32I'd just like to say that it gives me a great deal of satisfaction to represent two outstanding shopping centers in California,
00:19:40the shopping hub of the San Gabriel Valley in West Arcadia,
00:19:43and the Whittier Quad Shopping Center in Whittier, California,
00:19:46because they are concrete expressions of the practical idealism that built America.
00:19:53When you visit these two fine shopping centers, you'll find more than fourscore beautiful stores,
00:19:59the sparkling assortments, an attractive atmosphere,
00:20:02and, of course, plenty of free parking for all the cars that we capitalists seem to acquire.
00:20:09Who can help but contrast the beautiful, the practical settings of the Arcadia shopping hub and the Whittier Quad
00:20:16with what you'd find under communism?
00:20:19It's not safe to hope for the best without preparing for the worst.
00:20:25Our object is not aggression.
00:20:27We need not become militaristic.
00:20:30But we must keep our army, our navy, our air force at ready strength.
00:20:35We must back up our team for security.
00:20:39Well, I guess there's nothing for us to worry about.
00:20:46We're the ones that have the bomb.
00:20:56The atom bomb explodes again in the headlines of the world.
00:21:00In Washington, the chairman of the Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy,
00:21:05Senator Brian McMahon, gives his reaction to Russia's possession of the bomb.
00:21:09This is no time for hysteria.
00:21:14This is no time for panic.
00:21:16This is a time for a calm reflection on the political and military implications
00:21:22of this transcendent event.
00:21:30Well, the suit is made of this material.
00:21:56Inside this layer is a shredded lead, a resistance against atomic rays.
00:22:05Okay, Richard, on your way to there, Rachel.
00:22:07Let's go.
00:22:10Everybody's worried about the atomic bomb.
00:22:14But nobody's worried about the day my Lord will come.
00:22:18One immediate effect of the announcement of Russia's atom blast
00:22:21is to tighten security regulations at all atom installations.
00:22:26At Hanford, Washington, where $200 million is being spent
00:22:32in the ever-expanding atomic government empire,
00:22:34the door is being locked, but tight.
00:22:37Ground guards are kept on their toes by constant target practice,
00:22:40and they have orders to shoot to kill at any suspicious stranger.
00:22:44A highly trained and well-equipped North Korean army swarmed across the 38th parallel
00:23:04to attack unprepared South Korean defenders.
00:23:06Caught off guard, they were all but overwhelmed
00:23:09until the United Nations took its historic vote to intervene.
00:23:13The end of the war seemed in sight as the Allies pushed north
00:23:25toward the North Korean capital of Pyongyang.
00:23:28Then it happened.
00:23:29The Chinese Red Armies, numbering hundreds of thousands,
00:23:32swarmed over the frontier against thinly held United Nations positions.
00:23:36Confronted by overwhelming numbers,
00:23:38U.N. armies were forced into inevitable retreat,
00:23:41while men wondered whether Red China would touch off World War III.
00:23:48Would the atom bomb be the answer to the Chinese hordes?
00:23:52President Truman said that it was under consideration.
00:23:54If the United Nations yields to the forces of aggression,
00:23:59no nation will be safe or secure.
00:24:02If aggression is successful in Korea,
00:24:04we can expect it to spread throughout Asia and Europe and to this hemisphere.
00:24:10We are fighting in Korea for our own national security and survival.
00:24:15It's time for the launching chronoscope.
00:24:31Our distinguished guest for this evening
00:24:33is the Honorable James E. Van Zandt,
00:24:35United States Congressman from Pennsylvania.
00:24:38It's my opinion that we should fight the war to win in Korea
00:24:43rather than try to settle at the diplomatic table,
00:24:47which is impossible when you're dealing with Russia.
00:24:50Would you extend your will to win so far as to include the atomic bomb?
00:24:55Very definitely, Dr. Peterson.
00:24:57I've always been a firm believer that we should use the atomic bomb,
00:25:00not only in Korea, but north of the Yalu River in Manchuria.
00:25:04Does that mean that you believe that it could be effectively used
00:25:07as a weapon in the Korean theater?
00:25:09Yes, I think that there are several targets in Northern Korea
00:25:14that we could use.
00:25:17That is, we could destroy them with the atomic bomb.
00:25:19We could destroy them and contaminate them.
00:25:21And then, of course, there are targets in Manchuria
00:25:23that should be destroyed.
00:25:25This is the destructive power we pray God
00:25:48we will never be called upon to hurl at any nation.
00:25:51But should it become necessary, let us not hesitate
00:25:55because it is foreign to our nature to use the power which has been given us.
00:25:59I propose the President of the United States
00:26:02advise the commander of the North Korean troops
00:26:05to withdraw his forces beyond the 38th parallel within one week
00:26:11or use that week to evacuate civilians from a specified list of North Korean cities
00:26:18that will be subjected to atomic attack by the United States Air Force.
00:26:22There will soon be an end to this cold and wicked war
00:26:29When those hard-headed communists get what they're looking for
00:26:33Only one thing that will stop them
00:26:36And their atrocious fun
00:26:38If General MacArthur drops an atomic bomb
00:26:43There'll be fire just in metal
00:26:45Flying all around
00:26:47And the radio activity will turn into the ground
00:26:52If there's any commies left, they'll be all on the run
00:26:56If General MacArthur drops an atomic bomb
00:27:01I ask you, the American citizen, to let your congressman know how you feel about this proposal.
00:27:17Well, I really don't know what to do.
00:27:21But you do feel the Korean situation affects us more than anything else.
00:27:26Yes, I feel that our boys, that we should get our boys home.
00:27:30They've been over there long enough
00:27:31And there doesn't seem to be any end to the situation.
00:27:46Listen to what my mom said about how bad things are back home.
00:27:55Everybody's hoarding.
00:27:57Profiteers are getting fat contracts.
00:27:59Neighbors say politicians are using the war to their own advantage.
00:28:03All our chief atomic scientists are spies.
00:28:07And a lot more.
00:28:10Now, just take it with a grain of salt.
00:28:13Let me tell you how the commies plant propaganda back home.
00:28:18Some time ago, Mac, Johnny, and I managed to get our last leave together in a big city.
00:28:23Let me tell you how it looks like everything in the world is going to do away entirely with weapons like the atom bomb.
00:28:32These poor boys will shed their innocent blood in a war that this country is provoking.
00:28:38Get a load of that.
00:28:39Asiatic people all want the peaceful establishment of native regimes without the interference of United States troops.
00:28:49Communists don't want war.
00:28:51War would be world suicide.
00:28:53Only communist countries can guarantee you peace.
00:28:56Why don't you go live in a communist country, then?
00:29:00You blow your top on a street corner there?
00:29:03You look pretty well off, sister, to be tearing down the country that gives you freedom of speech.
00:29:07We're living in a country that's the finest place on earth.
00:29:11But some folks don't appreciate this land that gave them birth.
00:29:15I hear that up in Washington they're having an awful fuss because communists and spies are making monkeys out of us.
00:29:25The question is, have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?
00:29:29You refuse to answer that question.
00:29:31Is that correct?
00:29:32I have told you that I will remember my beliefs, my affiliations, and everything else to the American public,
00:29:38and they will know where I stand as they do from what I have written.
00:29:41Stand away from the stand.
00:29:42I have written for Americanism for many years, and I shall...
00:29:44Stand away from the stand.
00:29:46...for the Bill of Rights...
00:29:47How is it going to take this man away from the stand?
00:29:50The bureaus and departments have been busy night and day.
00:29:54They're figuring out just how we gave our secrets all away.
00:29:59And Congress has appointed a committee, so they said,
00:30:04To find out who's American and who's a low down red.
00:30:08I am holding in my hand a microfilm of very highly confidential secret State Department documents.
00:30:15These documents were fed out of the State Department over ten years ago
00:30:20by communists who were employees of that department
00:30:24and who were interested in seeing that these documents were sent to the Soviet Union.
00:30:29Where the interests of the Soviet Union happened to be in conflict with those of the United States.
00:30:34I'm no communist, and I'll tell you that right now.
00:30:37I believe a man should own his own house and car and cow.
00:30:42I like this private ownership, and I want to be left alone.
00:30:47Let the government run its business, and let me run my own.
00:30:51Our education is proceeding apace as to how Russia operates
00:31:02and how they got the atom bomb,
00:31:05not by independent research,
00:31:08but from America,
00:31:10from traders within our own ranks.
00:31:12I'm a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who's a man who
00:32:42He was preceded by a rabbi who was chanting the 23rd Psalm, which everyone knows very well.
00:32:51He proceeded immediately over to the chair.
00:32:54He didn't say a word to anyone, hardly glanced at anyone.
00:32:58He sat down in the chair.
00:33:00The straps were applied.
00:33:02And the first jolt of electricity was sent through his body at 8.04 at night.
00:33:07She died a lot harder.
00:33:12When it appeared that she had received enough electricity to kill a ordinary person and had received the exact amount that had killed her husband,
00:33:21the doctors went over and pulled down the cheap prison dress, a little dark green printed job,
00:33:29and placed the stethoscopes to her and then looked around and looked at each other rather dumbfounded and seemed surprised that she was not dead.
00:33:49And believing she was dead, the attendants had taken off the ghastly strappings and electrodes and black belts and so forth.
00:34:02And these had to be readjusted again and she was given more electricity, which started again that kind of a ghastly plume of smoke that rose from her head
00:34:18and went up against the skylight overhead.
00:34:29After two more of those jolts,
00:34:35Ethel Rosenberg had met a maker.
00:34:40She'll have a lot of explaining to do, too.
00:34:42Immediately after the execution, of course, the bodies were taken away.
00:34:50There is nothing much further to report at this particular time.
00:34:54There have been no demonstrations.
00:34:56The heat has been extremely intense here.
00:34:58There's a heavy fall and there has been an air of deep tension about this whole proceeding up here.
00:35:04But it is now all over.
00:35:05The newsmen have dispersed.
00:35:07And Julius and Ethel Rosenberg have gone to the electric chair.
00:35:13That was an on-the-spot report on the execution tonight at Sing Sing Prison of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.
00:35:21Now, the great day show.
00:35:23As we join Red Benson and the gang at the Marine Barracks in Brooklyn Navy Yard,
00:35:28the program is already in project.
00:35:37The question before us is this.
00:35:50Should the hydrogen bomb be built?
00:35:54All the world knows we Americans are constructive, not destructive.
00:35:59However distasteful this may be to us, there is no choice in the matter.
00:36:04Let us build a bomb.
00:36:05It is my decided opinion that the United States of America should immediately begin the construction of the H-bomb.
00:36:12I feel we must make the H-bomb.
00:36:16It is my personal opinion that we should manufacture and produce the H-bomb in quantity.
00:36:21The Russians will try it anyhow.
00:36:22And should they learn the secret of its manufacture before we do, the life and security of all freedom-loving people will be in danger.
00:36:31I would like to add, however, that the United States of America should not necessarily use this bomb,
00:36:39but rather look upon it as a peaceful guardian and protector of the basic American doctrines of liberty and democracy
00:36:47against the obstacles of red fascism's materialistic and atheistic philosophy.
00:36:53If the Communist bloc does attack, our radar sites and observers will sound the alert.
00:37:00Giant bombers will take to the air.
00:37:06Jet fighters will scream aloft.
00:37:10Fighters will account for some of the enemy, but some will get through to your home.
00:37:16In times of social crisis and tension, in times when changes come so thick and fast
00:37:30that the individual can no longer place himself in his group,
00:37:34when he knows that something is wrong but doesn't know what,
00:37:38when he feels himself a pawn,
00:37:40in times like these, most men become highly suggestible.
00:37:44They listen eagerly for any voice which sounds authoritative.
00:37:49They listen eagerly for anyone who can tell them what is wrong and what to do to right it,
00:37:54who can diagnose their trouble and prescribe a cure.
00:37:57Heisman Power, Man of the Power
00:38:01Heisman Power, Man of the Power
00:38:05We love the sunshine of your smile
00:38:22I don't mean to say, and no one can say to you, that there are no dangers.
00:38:42Of course there are risks if we are not vigilant.
00:38:45But we do not have to be hysterical.
00:38:47We can be vigilant, we can be Americans.
00:38:49We can stand up and hold up our heads and say, America is the greatest force that God has ever allowed to exist on his footstool.
00:38:59As such, it is up to us to lead this world to a peaceful and secure existence.
00:39:05And I assure you, we can do it.
00:39:09Now, if we first take a look at the strength of America.
00:39:13You and I know that it's the most productive nation on earth.
00:39:21That we are richer by any standard of comparison than is any other nation in the world.
00:39:27We know that we have great military strength, economic, intellectual.
00:39:36But all in all, this total strength of America is one of those things we call, and the world calls, unbelievable.
00:39:44We know that we are all in a world called America.
00:39:47We know we are.
00:40:06We know that we are all in a world called America.
00:40:08Now, by then, with all this strength, should we be worrying at times about what the world
00:40:30is doing to us?
00:40:32Actually, we see threats coming from all angles, the internal and external, and we wonder
00:40:39what's going to happen to us individually and as a nation.
00:40:43Now, perhaps, I can illustrate some of the reasons for this concern of today.
00:40:50Now, only a year ago, the hydrogen bomb was exploded in the Pacific.
00:40:56Last month, another series of these was undertaken.
00:41:04Now, this transfer of power, this increase of power, from the mere musket and the little
00:41:14cannon all the way to the hydrogen bomb in a single lifetime is indicative of the things
00:41:20that have happened to us.
00:41:21They rather indicate how far the advances of science have outraced our social consciousness,
00:41:33how much more we have developed scientifically than we are capable of handling emotionally
00:41:40and intellectually.
00:41:45So that is one of the reasons that we have this great concern of which the hydrogen bomb
00:41:52is merely a dramatic symbol.
00:42:13Dad, I'm finished.
00:42:14Okay, okay.
00:42:15Me too.
00:42:16With a new purple, where is it?
00:42:17On my bookcase.
00:42:18Oh, thanks, Daddy.
00:42:22Kenny, let's have some news.
00:42:33It's about that time.
00:42:34Come on, Dad.
00:42:34You can watch that show some other time.
00:42:38Okay.
00:42:40Thanks.
00:42:42Anyone of intelligence and information is hoping and praying that we won't have
00:42:47a third world war, because in this age of the atomic weapon,
00:42:50the third world war would be a catastrophe for all mankind.
00:42:55And then finally, and this is quite significant, about 60% of the American people revealed in
00:43:00the study which we made through the University of Michigan a year ago that they believed that the
00:43:05military could stop the atomic bombs from falling upon the United States.
00:43:09Well, I'm sorry to have to tell you that the military will tell you that as of today they cannot
00:43:13stop a successful Russian attack.
00:43:15That can be corroborated rather dramatically, and we didn't plan it this way, Governor,
00:43:19but the floor manager has just handed me a bulletin saying that the Russians have just exploded a hydrogen bomb.
00:43:25We must learn to live in a world where we have the hydrogen bomb, and the enemy of freedom
00:43:41has the hydrogen bomb.
00:43:43It can destroy any city.
00:43:47That means Fort Worth and Dallas, Houston, San Antonio, Amarillo, El Paso, yes, Johnson City.
00:43:54Every dollar I make goes for taxes and bills, perhaps they've discovered the cure for my ill.
00:44:06Oh, I hope the hydrogen bomb, bless it all, oh, let it fall.
00:44:13Oh, I hope the hydrogen bomb, oh, God have mercy on me.
00:44:20The problem this time is especially acute because this entire area of the Pacific is subject to
00:44:45radiological fallout, and this area is inhabited by some 20,000 people.
00:45:01The meteorologists had predicted a wind condition which should have carried the fallout
00:45:06to the north of the group of small atolls lying to the east of Bikini.
00:45:11The wind failed to follow the predictions, but shifted south of that line, and the little
00:45:17islands of Ronjulap, Ronjurik, and Uterik were in the edge of the path of the fallout.
00:45:24The task force commander promptly evacuated all the people from these islands.
00:45:29They were taken to the island of Kwajalein, where we maintain a naval establishment,
00:45:34and there placed under continuous and competent medical supervision.
00:45:37I visited them there last week.
00:45:42Today, a full month after the event, the medical staff on Kwajalein have advised us
00:45:48that they anticipate no illness, barring, of course, diseases which may be hereafter contracted.
00:45:56The 236 natives appeared to me to be well and happy.
00:45:59The survey aircraft carefully searched the area and reported no shipping.
00:46:08A Japanese fishing trawler appears to have been missed by the search,
00:46:13but based on a statement attributed to her skipper, to the effect that he saw the flash of the explosion
00:46:18and heard the concussion six minutes later, it must have been well within the danger area.
00:46:24At the time of the explosion, the Tuna ship had been sailing far outside the designated safe area
00:46:35of a 75-mile radius. Three hours after the H-bomb had been detonated, a downpour of radioactive ash
00:46:41descended on the fortunate dragon and its crew of 23. None of them knew the nature of the deadly snow.
00:46:47It was three days more before the ship and its contaminated crew and fishing catch sailed into port.
00:46:52By that time, the men suffered from the beginning symptoms of deadly radiation poisoning.
00:46:58By the time their illnesses had been properly diagnosed, the hot fish brought back in their
00:47:02holes had been sold into markets all over Japan. A panic ensued. Midnight burials of recent catches
00:47:07in the vicinity of the H-bomb explosion took place all over Japan. The bottom had dropped out of the fish
00:47:13market and the Japanese people chose to do without the staple food for a long time after the tragic
00:47:18affair. Another byproduct of the stupendous mid-pacific blast unfolds in San Francisco, where tuna fish,
00:47:25supposedly made radioactive during the tests, are scrutinized by federal agents armed with Geiger counters
00:47:31for signs of contamination. Hot tea, anyone? That's not an invitation. It's a problem brewed for the
00:47:38coast guard and customs by the arrival in Brooklyn of a cargo of Japanese tea slightly radioactive.
00:47:44Final conclusion, the tea's radioactivity is within safety limits, not too hot to handle.
00:47:56Warm. Yeah, June and January, that's what I say. If you ask me, I think it's because of those atom bombs.
00:48:02Yeah? Yeah. They've done some cock-eyed things for the world. I think they've knocked us south of the equator.
00:48:21Just like I keep saying, uh, well, everybody's so uncertain about everything, they don't seem to know
00:48:37what's gonna happen. Bourbon. Straight. Well, as I was saying, I wouldn't worry nearly as much about the atom bomb
00:48:44if it were to kill you right out. What scares me is that awful gas that deforms you. Yeah. That would be bad. Yeah.
00:49:14All right.
00:49:16All right.
00:49:18Hollywood Man.
00:49:22What a Great, thank you.
00:49:27What a great.
00:49:35It's so cold, George.
00:49:38What a great.
00:49:40Oh, my God.
00:50:10Oh, my God.
00:50:40Oh, my God.
00:50:41New York City.
00:50:42Louisville, Kentucky.
00:50:43Liberal Canada.
00:50:44Jefferson City, Missouri.
00:50:45St. Paul, Minnesota.
00:50:46Over two-thirds of all.
00:50:47Kenny Canada.
00:50:48Leesburg, New Jersey.
00:50:49Gentlemen, I want to welcome you to Camp Desert Rock.
00:50:52This will be your last briefing before you go out to the forward area and take part in
00:50:58an atomic detonation.
00:51:00The tactical situation behind Troop Test Smokey is this.
00:51:05The mythical enemy, which has landed on the coast of California, has made a deep penetration
00:51:10close to supply, special weapons storage, and missile launching installations in the vicinity
00:51:15of Las Vegas and Hoover Dam.
00:51:18The tactical commander decided at this point to use an atomic weapon in his assault on
00:51:23the enemy.
00:51:24The mission of these men is to move as quickly as possible into the blasted area and exploit
00:51:29the breach in the enemy lines.
00:51:31You are here to participate in an atomic maneuver.
00:51:38This is not a haphazard maneuver.
00:51:42Careful planning for it started months back.
00:51:45Watched from a safe distance, this explosion is one of the most beautiful sights ever seen
00:51:51by man.
00:51:52You are probably saying, so it's beautiful.
00:51:55What makes it so dangerous?
00:51:57Basically, there are only three things to think about.
00:52:02Blast, heat, and radiation.
00:52:17Radiation.
00:52:18This is the one new effect obtained by the use of an atomic weapon.
00:52:24Truthfully, it's the least important of the three effects as far as the soldier on the ground is concerned.
00:52:31You can't see radiation, feel it, smell it, or taste it.
00:52:37Film badges and dosimeters issued to you enable the radiological safety monitor in your unit
00:52:44to read the amount of your exposure.
00:52:48The radiation level may be high, but if you follow orders, you'll be moved out in time to avoid sickness.
00:52:55Finally, if you receive enough gamma radiation to cause sterility or severe sickness,
00:53:01you'll be killed by blast, flying debris, or heat anyway.
00:53:05Well, that's the story.
00:53:10Don't worry about yourselves.
00:53:12As far as the test is concerned, you'll be okay.
00:53:18Well, we knew now exactly where we'd be for the big show.
00:53:21All we had to do was wait.
00:53:24Now that it's so close, it makes you feel kind of restless.
00:53:27You wonder if everything's gonna turn out all right.
00:53:31It filled your mind no matter what you were doing.
00:53:35What seems to be the trouble, soldier, you look a little bit worried.
00:53:39Well, I am, chaplain. Just a little bit.
00:53:42Actually, there's no need to be worried, as the Army has taken all of the necessary precautions
00:53:47to see that we're perfectly safe here.
00:53:50Sir, have you ever been out at one of these shots before?
00:53:53Yes, I've had the opportunity to see a number of the atomic tests.
00:53:58I feel that as a chaplain, it is my responsibility to be with my men.
00:54:03What's it like, chaplain?
00:54:05First of all, one sees a very, very bright light, followed by a shockwave,
00:54:11and then you hear the sound of the blast, and then it seems as though there's a minor earthquake.
00:54:16And then you look up, and you see the fireball as it ascends up into the heaven.
00:54:23It's a wonderful sight to behold.
00:54:3530 seconds.
00:54:46...
00:54:47...
00:54:48Five.
00:54:51...
00:55:04...
00:57:07...through St. George, Utah, just a short way from the Nevada test site, 140 miles to the west.
00:57:52We need not be alarmed about children at school.
00:57:55No recesses outdoors will be permitted.
00:57:58And as the people at St. George took cover, it was natural that some of them had questions about atomic tests.
00:58:05What is the atomic bomb?
00:58:08Why do we have to test bombs?
00:58:11How little an amount of radiation will cause how many mutations?
00:58:16Never before have so many known so little about a subject so big and so important.
00:58:21The capabilities of most weapons are pretty well understood.
00:58:26But when it comes to atomic explosions, the guessing game starts.
00:58:29All right, let's take a few minutes right now and get acquainted with an A-bomb.
00:58:37Meet Tess Abel.
00:58:38A submarine bomb exploded in a harbor might affect a city.
00:58:48The affected area would be a poor picnic site.
00:58:50But might be entered briefly or passed through quickly with a varying degree of risk.
00:58:57Risk is something the military doesn't have a corner on.
00:59:01Occupational hazards are accepted in a matter-of-fact manner in civilian life.
00:59:06Risk is part of the pattern of daily routine.
00:59:08Some of the falsehoods circulated about radiation effects are trivial but upsetting.
00:59:22They're beamed right at one's self-esteem.
00:59:26And will eventually result in a race of bald-headed people.
00:59:31Just imagine it.
00:59:33Imagine yourself with no hair.
00:59:35They'll call you old skinhead.
00:59:40Old chrome dome.
00:59:42And that's not all radioactivity will do.
00:59:45It will...
00:59:46Enough exposure to radiation will cause loss of hair.
00:59:50The treatment, if you'd insist, would be symptomatic.
00:59:53A toupee.
00:59:55But the condition would only be temporary.
00:59:57Your hair would come back.
00:59:58Same color, same cowlick.
01:00:00Which puts the finger squarely upon one of the major fallacies
01:00:04in the public attitude toward atomic weapons.
01:00:07It's the fallacy of devoting 85% of one's worrying capacity
01:00:11to an agent that constitutes only about 15%
01:00:15of an atomic bomb's destroying potential.
01:00:18And that's unsound.
01:00:20Doesn't fit.
01:00:20There are those few who loudly maintain
01:00:25that there is no actual threat to the free world at all.
01:00:28Certainly none that can justify either nuclear testing
01:00:30or nuclear armament.
01:00:32The opposite viewpoint holds that the development
01:00:34of our nuclear power has been an absolutely necessary protection
01:00:38against communist hostility and nuclear threats.
01:00:40In this view, the fallout casualties, if any,
01:00:45will be seen as those of unidentified soldiers
01:00:47in the service of humanity.
01:00:50Unknown soldiers in a war which has not struck.
01:00:53We're going to be talking about nuclear energy
01:01:04and the kinds of things that could happen
01:01:06with an atomic emergency.
01:01:09And we do this not to worry you or frighten you,
01:01:14but really, we've got to admit we live in an atomic age.
01:01:17There is an atomic bomb.
01:01:19So we have to be aware of this and know what to do
01:01:22in case an emergency happens.
01:01:24If there will be a need to spend two weeks
01:01:27in a fallout shelter, we have packed our survival kit.
01:01:30For the food supply, pack a variety of fruits,
01:01:34soups, evaporated milk, vegetables, napkins.
01:01:43The purpose of our demonstration today is to show you
01:01:46the actual preparation of one of the meals
01:01:49which was prepared in a modern-day cave.
01:01:53One new meal consisted of the following foods.
01:01:57Canned chicken,
01:01:59peas,
01:02:02Irish potatoes,
01:02:05tomato juice,
01:02:06My poster's on the defenses against fallout.
01:02:22And if you're caught outside during a nuclear explosion,
01:02:27decontamination may be necessary.
01:02:30You may have to burn or bury all your clothes and food,
01:02:33and afterwards, you should wash thoroughly.
01:02:35John, let me interrupt you here just a moment.
01:02:38I have some film here that I think will describe what might happen,
01:02:41and we'll describe a little about the atom.
01:02:43So, Joey, why don't you catch the lights and we'll try.
01:02:46Okay?
01:02:46Good.
01:02:46Dump, dump,
01:02:50Dump, dump,
01:02:51Dump, dump,
01:02:52Dump, dump,
01:02:53There was a turtle by the name of Bert,
01:02:57And Bert the turtle was very alert,
01:03:00When danger threatened him,
01:03:02He never got hurt,
01:03:04He knew just what to do.
01:03:07Dump,
01:03:07Duck, shh, and cover. Duck, shh, and cover.
01:03:13Now, you and I don't have shells to crawl into like Bert the Turtle, so we have to cover up in our own way.
01:03:20Paul and Patty know this. No matter where they go or what they do,
01:03:24they always try to remember what to do if the atom bomb explodes right then.
01:03:30It's a bomb. Duck and cover.
01:03:32Here's Tony going to his Cub Scout meeting.
01:03:36Tony knows the bomb can explode any time of the year, day or night.
01:03:40Duck and cover.
01:03:42Attaboy, Tony. That flash means act fast.
01:03:46Sundays, holidays, vacation time, we must be ready every day, all the time,
01:03:51to do the right thing if the atomic bomb explodes.
01:03:55Duck and cover. That's the first thing to do.
01:03:58Duck and cover. First, you duck.
01:04:02Then, you cover.
01:04:03You duck and cover.
01:04:05You duck and cover. Tight, duck and cover. Under the table.
01:04:08It's a bomb. Duck and cover.
01:04:10Duck and cover.
01:04:11Duck and cover.
01:04:13Duck and cover.
01:04:15Duck and cover.
01:04:16Duck and cover.
01:04:18Duck and cover.
01:04:19Duck and cover yourself.
01:04:21Duck and cover.
01:04:22Duck and cover.
01:04:24Duck and cover.
01:04:25Duck and cover.
01:04:26he did what we all must learn to do remember what to do friends now tell me
01:04:48right out loud what are you supposed to do when you see the flash question yes how far do you have
01:05:05to be from the blast to live through it well let's take a 20 megaton surface burst you would have a
01:05:16good chance of surviving if you are more than 12 miles from the point of detonation a bomb equivalent
01:05:24to 20 million tons of TNT would cause an intense fire called a firestorm in an area about 2,000
01:05:33square miles around the center of the blast and in such an area it would be futile desperately
01:05:40futile to construct what are called fallout shelters this man like thousands of others around the
01:05:49country is suffering from a dread disease called nuclearosis the symptoms nuclear blindness all
01:05:57he can see is a mushroom cloud he is blinded from the fear of it death from the sound of it there
01:06:04is a short circuit in his brain he can only think of the awfulness of the nuclear bomb we ought to
01:06:10learn something from the second world war in this respect and the bombing there even by second
01:06:15world war bombs in Hamburg and Tokyo and in other cities showed that set shelters became centers for
01:06:22incinerating or asphyxiating the people who are in them a fallout shelter in your basement will give
01:06:29adequate shielding from radioactive fallout
01:06:33ah he's finally getting the message are you a new housing development near Denver Colorado shows the
01:06:43nation's first model homes with built-in fallout shelters the room is designed with an atomic war in
01:06:48mind but behind each eight inch thick reinforced concrete wall it may prove to be just what the
01:06:54harried housewife is looking for one life for the kids gets too hectic you don't think that shelters
01:07:02are a deterrent to a nuclear war either on the contrary I believe that psychologically they will push
01:07:08both us and the Russians into thinking more of having a war
01:07:13there are some instances where you may be ahead of us for example in the development of your of the
01:07:31thrust of your rockets for the investigation of outer space there may be some instances for example color
01:07:37television where we're ahead of you but in order for both of us we wish you it means success in that
01:07:56that you show the actual possibilities of America and we will be able to say here are the possibilities
01:08:04of America how long does it exist how many years 300 300 150 years of independence then we will say
01:08:13that American exists 150 years here is its level we are 42 years not quite another seven years and we
01:08:20will be on the same level as America and then in the future we will go ahead and we might overtake you at
01:08:25the crossroads this increase in communication will teach us some things and it will teach you some
01:08:36things too because after all you don't know everything if I don't know everything then I would say that you
01:08:47know absolutely nothing about communism nothing except fear of it
01:08:52let's say you got your family in your shelter the attack is on a question might come up of admitting
01:09:07anyone over and above the number for whom the shelter is designed I'd say we should rely on the best
01:09:12prudential judgment that the father or the one responsible for the shelter can make in the
01:09:17circumstances but I say let him think twice before he admits the needy stranger if admitting the needy
01:09:23stranger is going to cut down the chances of survival of the group that's already there and then that final
01:09:28point can a man have protective devices in order to protect his family once they are in the shelter from
01:09:35let's say strangers that try to use a crowbar to get in I'd say from what I have been talking about the
01:09:42matter of self-defense it would be wise for a man to at least weigh the possibility of putting some
01:09:49protective devices in his shelter together with the other elements of a survival kit
01:09:53all right you've been down there eight to ten days you come out and you find that half or three
01:10:06quarters of Los Angeles has been destroyed well how are you going to continue to live well the first
01:10:11thing we have to recognize that if half of Los Angeles is destroyed maybe eighty ninety percent of the
01:10:17people will be dead and there will be fewer mouths to feed and those those of us who will survive will
01:10:23have more water and food to divide up
01:10:41you
01:11:11Macaroni.
01:11:31Instant potatoes.
01:11:41Time for you.
01:12:04Our artillery and our tactical air force in the Pacific are now equipped at this moment
01:12:11with atomic explosives which can and will be used on military targets with precision and
01:12:18effectiveness.
01:12:20It's just...
01:12:22On the steps of the nation's capital, the bell announcing the opening of Mental Health Week
01:12:31is rung by Vice President Nixon and Senator Smathers of Florida.
01:12:34Characterizing mental health as the nation's number one problem, the Vice President says
01:12:39that the ringing of the bell throughout the nation will be a reminder of suffering Americans.
01:12:46By all means, provide some tranquilizers to ease the strain and monotony of life in a shelter.
01:12:47A bottle of 100 should be adequate for a family of four.
01:12:54Tranquilizers are not a narcotic and are not habit forming.
01:13:01And by the way, do you know exactly what your family would do if an attack came?
01:13:08Say at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning.
01:13:09It's a good question, isn't it?
01:13:15It's a good question, isn't it?
01:13:16It's a good question, isn't it?
01:13:22Yes, they were meant to just.
01:13:23George.
01:13:24I don't vistose to my bride-to-be.
01:13:25I don't vistose to my bride-to-be.
01:13:26Do you know exactly what your family would do if an attack came?
01:13:28Say at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning.
01:13:31It's a good question, isn't it?
01:13:33Yes, they were meant to just.
01:13:34George.
01:13:35I don't vistose to my bride-to-be.
01:13:40Darling.
01:13:41Darling, and I toast the most wonderful man in all the world.
01:13:48I don't vistose to my bride-to-be.
01:13:53Darling.
01:13:54Darling, and I toast the most wonderful man in all the world.
01:14:01Why, Lucy, your eyes are filled with tears.
01:14:08My heart is filled with gladness.
01:14:10Oh, look.
01:14:11The orchestra's getting ready.
01:14:13Dance with me, George.
01:14:22George, I wonder if we've thought this through.
01:14:25I'm afraid for you, George.
01:14:27Oh, nonsense, my silly imp.
01:14:30Yes, George, I'm afraid.
01:14:31My fiancé, Luther Marshall.
01:14:33We interrupt our normal program in the interest of security and civil defense measures
01:14:37as requested by the United States government.
01:14:39Attention.
01:14:40Attention.
01:14:41This is an official civil defense warning.
01:14:44This is not the test.
01:14:46The United States is under nuclear attack.
01:14:49Take cover immediately in your theory of fallout shelter.
01:14:52Repeat.
01:14:53The United States is under nuclear attack.
01:15:02This is an official civil defense broadcast.
01:15:04Enemy aircraft are over Canada and headed this way.
01:15:08The United States is under nuclear attack.
01:15:09Take cover immediately in your theory of fallout shelter.
01:15:10The United States is under nuclear attack.
01:15:11Take cover immediately in your theory of fallout shelter.
01:15:15Repeat.
01:15:16The United States is under nuclear attack.
01:15:17Take cover immediately in your theory of fallout shelter.
01:15:22We repeat.
01:15:23The United States is under nuclear attack.
01:15:24Take cover immediately in your theory of fallout shelter.
01:15:26The United States is under nuclear attack.
01:15:34Take cover immediately in nuclear fallout shelter.
01:15:39We repeat, the nation is under nuclear attack.
01:15:43This is an extreme emergency.
01:15:45You are urged to remain calm.
01:15:47Proceed to your designated shelter without delay.
01:15:51This is an official civil defense warning.
01:15:53This is not a test.
01:15:55The United States is under nuclear attack.
01:15:59Take cover immediately in your area fallout shelter.
01:16:02Repeat, the United States is under nuclear attack.
01:16:06Take cover immediately in your area fallout shelter.
01:16:16Now children, I want you to sit down here against the wall.
01:16:21That's it.
01:16:22Now crouch tight up against it.
01:16:25Now listen, kids.
01:16:27If they're dropping an atomic bomb, it may go off any second now.
01:16:32Whatever happens, I'll give the signal when it's all right for us to get up.
01:16:36If there's an explosion, we'll wait about a minute after it's all over.
01:16:40Then we'll go upstairs and take a look around, see if it's all right for us to clean up.
01:16:44Let's ring up next to you.
01:16:47We'll see you next time.
01:17:01Let's ring up.
01:20:06We'd better clear up the broken glass and all this debris.
01:20:10All in all, I'd say we've been very lucky around here.
01:20:15Nothing to do now but wait for orders from the authorities and relax.
01:20:36All in all, I'd say we've been very lucky.
01:21:06All in all, I'd say we've been very lucky.
01:21:36All in all, I'd say we've been very lucky.
01:22:06All in all, I'd say we've been very lucky.
01:22:36All in all, I'd say we've been very lucky.
01:23:06All in all, I'd say we've been very lucky.
01:23:36All in all, I'd say we've been very lucky.
01:24:06All in all, I'd say we've been very lucky.
01:24:36All in all, I'd say we've been very lucky.
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