00:00American sanctions have targeted India during key moments of strategic divergence,
00:07especially over nuclear tests and defence ties.
00:10India has faced secondary penalties in the past as well.
00:13Let's find out when they happened, why and how India responded.
00:18India conducted its first nuclear test, Smiling Buddha, in May 1974 under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
00:25The US under President Nixon quickly imposed sanctions including export controls,
00:31technology bans and suspension of nuclear cooperation.
00:35Most Western allies followed suit, except France, which condemned the test verbally
00:40but refrained from punitive measures, maintaining cooperation in nuclear and space sectors.
00:47The Soviet Union, India's close partner, refused to join sanctions
00:51and continued supporting India's energy and security needs.
00:56The 1998 Pokhran II tests were conducted under former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
01:03The US, led by President Bill Clinton, imposed far-reaching sanctions under the Glenn Amendment by-law.
01:10These included suspension of all economic and military aid,
01:13blocking export of defence and dual-use technology, halting US government financial assistance,
01:19and opposing loans from international financial institutions such as the World Bank and IMF.
01:25Again, most allies imposed similar sanctions except France, which stopped short of punitive action.
01:32Russia condemned the test verbally but did not join Western sanctions, maintaining strategic ties with India.
01:39The US also pressed India to join the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty,
01:46which India refused, citing national security.
01:51Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's UPA government negotiated
01:54Indo-US civil nuclear agreement with President George W. Bush's administration,
01:59and it was initiated in July 2005.
02:02This deal marked the end of India's decades-long nuclear isolation,
02:07which had begun with embargoes and penalties imposed on India after its first nuclear test in 1974.
02:15From 1992, the US applied sectoral sanctions on the Indian Space Research Organization
02:23and its subsidiaries, restricting access to US technology and satellite components.
02:28These were driven by concerns over missile proliferation and India-Russia space cooperation.
02:35These sanctions persisted for nearly two decades and were eased gradually after 2011,
02:41as bilateral ties warmed.
02:45The Countering America's Adversary Through Sanctions Act was passed in 2017 to target Iran,
02:52Russia and North Korea.
02:54India's 2018 purchase of the Russian S-400 missile system raised the possibility of secondary sanctions
03:01under Katsa.
03:02US officials publicly acknowledged considering sanctions for India, but never imposed them.
03:07Instead, in 2022, the US House approved an India-specific waiver under the National Defense
03:14Authorization Act, urging the Biden administration to exempt India acknowledging its strategic partnership
03:20with the US.
03:22Similarly, despite India increasing crude oil imports from Russia during the Ukraine war,
03:27the Biden administration has explicitly ruled out secondary sanctions, focusing on diplomatic persuasion.
03:35In November 2024, the US imposed sanctions on nearly 20 Indian companies and individuals accused
03:42of quote-unquote aiding Russia's military efforts in Ukraine, restricting economic ties with those entities.
03:53In July 2025, President Donald Trump imposed a 25% tariff on Indian imports, effective 1st of August,
04:02targeting India's high tariffs and its defence and energy purchases from Russia.
04:08India responded diplomatically, saying it will take all steps to secure national interests.
04:14History suggests that whenever India faced pressure, it displayed resilience and pragmatism,
04:20balancing its core security interests with global partnerships.
04:32The more the EU were more than 5 years ago, and their
04:43interests of the UNESCO had things to improve, you can also seek to Middle East Asia's the
04:45European Union Party, which was a large part of the European Union Party.
04:47In December 2020, the United States was a black-owned wife, which was a black-owned man-owned woman,
04:50which means that it was a black-owned woman, who was a black-owned woman, who was a black-owned man,
04:52the American-owned woman, which is a black-owned man.
04:53The Atlantic Society and the United States of the United States of America
Comments