Outlook Business - Tech Talk With Manish Sinha by OutlookIndia - Dailymotion

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00:00 [MUSIC PLAYING]

00:02 Just a few days ago, on 23rd of August,

00:14 the Chandrayaan-3 project landed its lander unit and rover

00:18 on the south pole of the moon.

00:20 With that, India became the fourth country

00:22 to land on the moon.

00:24 And it's been a matter of great pride for us.

00:26 While we have all been rejoicing,

00:28 one question comes up, why is it so difficult

00:32 to land on the moon?

00:34 And why was nobody else trying to go to the south pole?

00:36 The fact is, everyone was trying to go to the south pole.

00:39 It's actually quite exciting to go to the south pole.

00:42 For about 5, 10 years, we have known

00:44 that there is the possibility of ice water

00:47 on the south pole of the moon.

00:49 While I'm sure that that water is extremely frozen,

00:52 just this possibility of having water on the moon

00:55 makes it so much more exciting to go right

00:57 next to the water part.

00:59 So you might ask, why was it so difficult to land

01:03 on the moon's south pole?

01:04 [NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

01:06 Three fundamental reasons.

01:08 Number one, lack of communication.

01:10 Number two, no way to slow down.

01:12 And number three, no ability to know what you'll find there.

01:16 Let me go one by one.

01:17 Number one, why is it difficult to know

01:20 what's happening on the south side of the moon?

01:21 Why is it difficult to communicate there?

01:23 One, the polarity and the gravitational effects,

01:27 plus the fact that it is always away from the sun,

01:31 makes it extremely difficult to get any signals in and out

01:35 of that part of the moon.

01:36 Number two, anywhere on the moon, if you're trying to land,

01:38 there is no atmosphere, therefore,

01:41 no air to slow you down.

01:43 The only way to slow yourself down is to use thrusters.

01:47 And number three, the absence of any knowledge

01:49 of how high or low are you going to land.

01:52 From this distance, the moon looks currida, undulating.

01:56 But it is not just a small amount.

01:59 There are five, five kilometer deep trenches and mountains

02:03 the height of Mount Everest up there.

02:05 Where exactly are you going to land

02:07 could be off by tens of kilometers.

02:09 When you don't know how to communicate with a lander that

02:11 is landing by itself, and it doesn't

02:13 know how deep does it have to go before it actually

02:17 slows down to zero speed, there is a chance

02:20 that you will make a mistake.

02:22 Like we did last time.

02:23 But thankfully, this time we did not.

02:24 We landed safely.

02:26 And we are out there doing tons of experiments

02:29 and scientific stuff to know more

02:32 about our solar system, our galaxy, and all things

02:36 that make up the universe.

02:37 Let me tell you about three or four core things

02:40 we are trying to find out and how can that help humanity.

02:43 So what do we want to find out about our solar system

02:47 and our galaxy?

02:49 Well, the good thing about the dark side of the moon

02:52 and the South Pole is there are deep craters where ice has been

02:56 there for billions of years.

02:58 Sunlight has never reached there.

03:00 So the ice has never, ever melted,

03:03 which basically means it has information

03:05 from billions of years ago.

03:07 And finding those cores and analyzing them

03:10 can give us unique information that no telescope can ever

03:14 find.

03:14 But what do we want to do with all of this?

03:16 Well, ideally, if we want to have a space station

03:19 on the moon, some people would want to buy tickets

03:21 and go there.

03:21 But I think way before that, we just

03:23 want to do space exploration from the moon.

03:25 And we want to know, can we build something safe there?

03:29 Is the crust of the moon safe enough to build?

03:32 Is there any seismic activity?

03:34 We want to know, is there enough water to be used as fuel?

03:40 Because water is hydrogen and oxygen. If you split it up,

03:42 you can create fuel.

03:43 We also want to know, are there other ions, like potassium,

03:47 sodium, lithium, available?

03:50 Some of them that would be necessary to build

03:52 on the moon.

03:53 Some of them might be really valuable chemicals

03:55 and minerals to bring back to Earth.

03:57 We also want to know, from a very, very cheap spacecraft

04:01 called the moon, can we see other far away exoplanets

04:06 and asteroids without having to build

04:08 a space station of our own?

04:10 These are the main things ISRO is trying to do.

04:13 Of course, it's also trying to do spectrometry

04:15 and understand geography of the moon

04:18 and do all of those things, for which there

04:20 are seven scientific modules out there.

04:23 And some of them have very, very complex names,

04:26 but very nice, small, little names like Rambha, Chaste,

04:31 Ilsa.

04:31 I really like the guys at ISRO.

04:33 They have made those names so much fun,

04:35 because it was so difficult for us to read,

04:37 like, for example, radio anatomy

04:38 of moon-bound hypersensitive ionosphere and atmosphere.

04:41 Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer,

04:44 laser-induced breakdown spectroscope.

04:46 These are complex, right?

04:47 Rambha, Ilsa, Chaste.

04:50 Easy names, very, very big scientific task.

04:53 Way to go, ISRO and Chandrayaan-3.

04:56 We look forward to all the science.

04:59 [MUSIC PLAYING]

05:03 [MUSIC PLAYING]

05:06 (upbeat music)

Episode 4 | Outlook Business - Tech Talk With Manish Sinha

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Outlook Business - Tech Talk With Manish Sinha

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