Welcome to Lesson 21 of the Human Biology Masterclass.
In this lesson, we explore two fundamental aspects of homeostasis: acid–base balance and fluid balance.
Blood pH must remain within a remarkably narrow range for cells, enzymes, and organs to function properly. At the same time, the body must continuously regulate the distribution of water and dissolved substances between different fluid compartments.
The regulation of pH and body fluids is a perfect example of physiological integration. The lungs, kidneys, nervous system, hormones, and chemical buffer systems continuously interact to keep the internal environment within a range compatible with life.
Understanding acid–base and fluid balance provides an essential foundation for studying exercise physiology, metabolism, kidney function, respiratory physiology, and human homeostasis.
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