00:00Riva, I'm glad you raised the security angle. I mean, we've been trying to understand as well when it comes
00:06to the likes of OpenAI and Thropic, these recent cyber failings. I mean, the extent in which that also maybe
00:15makes more of a case for perhaps the Chinese AI models that have been coming out. Do they have a
00:21better hold on security in a way?
00:27Well, so we are in this phase of highly powerful models now, not just in the cyber domain, right? But
00:34we could see force multiplying effects in bio and other threat capabilities.
00:39And so that's a forcing function on both sides, both in Beijing and Washington, in figuring out how to delineate
00:47safeguards, where to draw the line on where you gate frontier models. This is all very actively under debate.
00:55But again, if you look into the 2030s, we're talking about the development of hyperconnected AI systems, right, in the
01:046G era. So sensors and edge devices and models that are all wired into critical infrastructure.
01:11And so what that means is, you know, the surface area for any kind of adversarial attack vastly expands. And
01:19so cyber and data exposure become an inherent feature of the stack. And that's important, right? Because again, then who
01:26are you going to trust to feed into those supplier networks, where that in some ways to restrictions carve out
01:34a market opportunity.
01:35And I think that's where you're starting to see some U.S. Actions lean. Just earlier in the segment, you
01:40were talking about the FCC action on optical transceivers going into data centers. But there's and then robotics, drones, all
01:49kinds of different targets. That's part of this picture.
01:54Yeah, well, I was going to get to whether the policymakers are focused, I would say not on the right,
02:01not on the right thing, but too limited in the scope that they're trying to, you know, create some distance
02:07between hardware and the supply chain that goes into that.
02:10I guess my question is, does it seem like there is a coherent strategy on the part of U.S.
02:15policymakers? And if there is one, should that include others or can the U.S. go at it alone?
02:23Coherent is not the word I would use here. It's kind of a mad dash effort, right? When you see
02:30on the critical raw material side where to diversify as fast as you can, where China holds very significant leverage,
02:37of course, still trying to build out the energy infrastructure, but still a lot of constraints there.
02:42And then, of course, you know, as we talked about, there are other areas of the stack that need focus.
02:46So this needs a more holistic approach. The U.S. cannot go at it alone.
02:50It does have a lot of strength at key layers of the stack. But you look at semiconductors, obviously, that's
02:56not a U.S. go it alone strategy. Those are very complex global supply chains that involve key tech partners.
03:02But again, when we look at connected devices, what's the manufacturing base you need to meaningfully diversify away from China?
03:12Obviously, the U.S. cannot do that alone.
03:15And then again, in total demand as well. You need key markets. That's where markets like India play a role.
03:22And this is part of that coalition effort where, you know, it's there for the taking.
03:26And if they
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