00:00In September 1859, scientists observed a big eruption solar for the first time.
00:08The sun projected into space enormous amounts of radiation, energy and plasma materials.
00:14This catastrophe was considerable and devastating.
00:17But it was produced at a distance of 150 million kilometers.
00:21It was probably not a major problem.
00:24You believe? We will see it.
00:27A few hours after the detection of the eruption,
00:30the telegraph lines ceased to work in all Europe and the North.
00:34Some of them produced some of them and caused fires.
00:38People realized that the sun was not only a source of light and heat,
00:43but that it also represented a danger.
00:45Scientists gave this day the name of Carrington's event.
00:49The good news is that this event was produced in the 19th century
00:53and that it has not caused a serious problem for the planet.
00:56The bad news is that scientists say that in 2025,
01:00the Earth will discover even more powerful storms
01:03caused by an ejection of coronary mass.
01:05It is a giant giant cloud of plasma or charged gas.
01:09In one single time, the sun can project into the space of billions of tons of this material
01:13which, then, will disappear at very large speed.
01:16A part of this material can reach our planet in 15 hours,
01:19the rest in a few days.
01:21On its path, the ejection captures and accelerates all the particles charged
01:25which increases its intensity and its power.
01:29Finally, this irresistible concentration of energy
01:31s'ecrase on our planet.
01:33It heats up the upper layers of the atmosphere,
01:36increases its thickness and disturbs the work of satellites.
01:39They slow down and lose altitude.
01:42Our communications with satellites become instables.
01:45The GPS se règle.
01:47The data are mal transmitted.
01:49The more, the gas charged by the sun
01:51penetrates into our electric networks,
01:53our transformers and our stations.
01:56This leads to massive waves
01:57which compromet the functioning of the whole chain of technology.
02:01A powerful solar attack on several electric centrales
02:04can cause a total panic in a big city.
02:08The internet, the phones, the social services,
02:11the networks, nothing works.
02:12We risk not to be in contact with each other.
02:17Many big companies are failing
02:19and the planet may be experiencing
02:20severe economic crises.
02:22There are many problems,
02:24but they are not yet the most serious.
02:26The electric centrales alimentation
02:28and the pumping stations
02:30The solar storms could make the air
02:32to our homes.
02:34Without liquid money,
02:36impossible to go in stores.
02:38Of course, all this could be established,
02:41but not before having lived
02:42some times to the fer.
02:44But the worst,
02:45it's that a solar storm
02:46can suspend the agricultural production.
02:49For example, this year,
02:51a geomagnetic storm
02:52has put out of service
02:53the GPS satellites
02:54which are connected to modern tractors
02:56so that the farmers
02:57could not work.
02:59What would happen if such a storm
03:01would happen every day
03:02during a year?
03:03We will probably be missing
03:05many articles in the supermarkets.
03:08The maritime navigation
03:09also depends on the satellites.
03:11Thanks to them,
03:12the navires calculate
03:12the latitude
03:13and the longitude of their position.
03:15If the satellites are
03:16endommaged,
03:17the navires can be lost
03:18in the ocean.
03:19Even the whales
03:20are lost
03:21during the magnetic waves.
03:22Many birds
03:23orient themselves
03:24to the magnetic field
03:25during their long flight
03:26to the south.
03:27So,
03:28the animals
03:29like animals
03:29can be confronted
03:30at the graves problems.
03:32The solar storms
03:33will heat up
03:34the upper layers
03:35of the earth
03:36and make the air
03:37more heavy.
03:37The movement of the satellites
03:38will slow down
03:39because of this resistance
03:40of the air.
03:41They lose altitude.
03:42One of these satellites
03:43is Hubble.
03:44Yes,
03:45the telescope
03:45which gives us
03:46all these incredible images
03:47of space.
03:48Scientists affirm
03:49that it will be a day
03:50because of the solar attacks.
03:52You may have heard
03:54from the information
03:55that the solar activity
03:56has recently
03:56caused
03:58lightnings
03:59on Earth.
04:00But luckily,
04:00it does not affect
04:02our lives
04:02in any way.
04:04The only problem
04:05were the pain
04:06of the head
04:06of hypertension
04:07and the tears
04:08during these storms.
04:10It seems banal
04:11but scientists
04:12do not agree
04:13on this subject.
04:15No one knows
04:15exactly how
04:16and why
04:17the magnetic waves
04:18affect our health.
04:20Yes,
04:21during the waves
04:21the atmosphere
04:22of the planet
04:23becomes less dense
04:24and perhaps
04:24our arterial tension
04:26like when
04:27the meteor changes.
04:28The people
04:29who are suffering
04:30from cardiovascular
04:31must therefore
04:32take very attention.
04:33But the effect
04:34on our nervous system
04:35is, by chance,
04:36pretty significant.
04:37It is possible
04:38that the people
04:39who learn the arrival
04:40of a magnetic wave
04:41and who feel bad
04:42are in reality
04:43victims of a placebo effect.
04:45But there are also
04:46good news.
04:47All these solar particles
04:49charged
04:49interact with
04:50the atoms
04:51and the molecules
04:52of the earth.
04:53This interaction
04:54is the origin
04:55of magnificent
04:56aurora boreal.
04:57It is good
04:58to spend a little
04:59time away from its gadgets
05:00and to look at the sky
05:01from time to time.
05:02One of the biggest
05:03waves
05:04s'est produced
05:04the 13th March 1989.
05:07The 10th March,
05:09the Sun
05:09has ejected
05:09a gigantic volume
05:11of coronal plasma.
05:12The quantity
05:13of this material
05:13was equivalent
05:14to 36 times
05:15the size of the Earth.
05:17The solar wave
05:17flew towards us
05:18at 1 600 000 km
05:20per hour.
05:21A few days later,
05:23it fell on the magnetic field
05:24of our planet.
05:25This collision
05:26has caused
05:27a geomagnetic storm.
05:28The people
05:29could observe
05:30some of the auroraes
05:31the most luminous
05:32and the most beautiful
05:33of the history.
05:34The spectacle
05:35s'est produced
05:36on a large part
05:37of the planet.
05:38But after that,
05:39the problems
05:40began to appear.
05:41The solar wave
05:42was so powerful
05:43that it was
05:44traversed the atmosphere
05:45and reached the surface
05:46of the Earth.
05:46It has first disturbed
05:48the function of the satellites
05:49then damaged
05:50the electric networks.
05:51For example,
05:53it has destroyed
05:53a transformator
05:54in a nuclear nuclear center
05:55in New Jersey.
05:56In Canada,
05:57the energy companies
05:58stopped working
05:59due to the surcharge
06:01of the systems.
06:02In consequence,
06:03about 6 millions
06:04of people
06:04in the north-est
06:05of this country
06:05were deprived
06:07of electricity
06:07for 9 hours.
06:08This was the biggest
06:09electricity
06:10caused by a geomagnetic storm.
06:13Of course,
06:14there were more powerful
06:15storms in the 19th century
06:17and at the beginning
06:18of the 20th century.
06:19But the planet
06:20did not depend
06:20of the electric networks
06:22at the time.
06:23The more violent
06:24storms could still
06:25be produced
06:25in 2025.
06:27The question
06:28is to know
06:28if we are ready
06:29to face it.
06:31One attentive
06:31study of the solar
06:32can help us
06:33to prepare us.
06:34If we know
06:35that a storm
06:36is imminent,
06:37scientists can
06:38theoretically
06:39shut down
06:40some systems
06:40and then
06:41if the solar
06:43will increase
06:44every year,
06:45we will find new
06:46means to protect us.
06:48Who knows?
06:49Maybe scientists
06:49will cover all
06:51our devices
06:51and electric stations
06:53of a special material
06:54special material.
06:55Whatever it is,
06:57we must do
06:57to not damage
06:58the magnetic field
06:59because if this
07:01circle disappears,
07:02the surface of
07:03our planet
07:03will look like
07:04Mars.
07:05But what is this
07:06which causes
07:06these solar storms
07:07and why are they so affect
07:09Imagine a young man
07:10who will sleep.
07:12The morning,
07:13his hair are in
07:14the magnetic field
07:16of the sun
07:16looks like
07:17his hair
07:18when the sun turns
07:20his hands
07:21burn,
07:23and burn
07:24and burn
07:24huge amounts
07:26in the space.
07:28This is not a problem
07:29for the sun,
07:30because all this
07:31is established
07:31through a process
07:32called
07:33magnetic field
07:34magnetic field.
07:35These emissions
07:36can cause problems
07:37in our system.
07:39When the magnetic field
07:41produces
07:41several phenomena
07:42can follow.
07:43One of them
07:44which you have already
07:45heard
07:46is a coronary
07:48But it is not
07:49what the sun does
07:50terrible.
07:51There are also
07:52eruptions.
07:53Imagine an explosion
07:54of solar rayons
07:55containing
07:56electromagnetic waves,
07:58X rayons,
07:59radiation,
08:00and ultraviolet light.
08:02During the eruptions,
08:04the sun liberate
08:05a huge amount
08:06of this destructive energy.
08:08It is spread
08:09into space
08:09to the light
08:10of the light.
08:11It takes 8 minutes
08:12to this explosive wave
08:13to reach
08:14our planet.
08:16Fortunately,
08:17these eruptions
08:17cause us
08:18little damage
08:19because the magnetic field
08:20and the atmosphere
08:21of the Earth
08:21protect us.
08:23The strong eruptions
08:24can perturb
08:24the radio waves
08:25in the high atmosphere
08:26and affect the
08:27function of the satellites.
08:28But it is not bad.
08:30Another solar phenomenon
08:31is the radiation
08:33It is an electron
08:34and a proton
08:35accelerated
08:35which moves
08:36slightly inferior
08:38to the light.
08:40Thanks to the magnetic fields
08:41of the Earth,
08:42the radiation waves
08:43do not too much
08:44to our planet.
08:45They are nevertheless
08:46a danger
08:47for the astronauts
08:47and the satellites.
08:49These particles
08:49can penetrate
08:50into the human tissues
08:51and cause
08:52serious health problems
08:53but only
08:54if you are in space
08:55or if you pilot
08:56an airplane
08:56in the high atmosphere.
08:57you
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