00:00Look at this stone.
00:01At first, it has all the air of one of these ordinary stones
00:04that you can see when you walk on the beach.
00:07It is not particularly color,
00:09nor particularly heavy,
00:11about 2 kg.
00:13But if I tell you that this stone is on Mars,
00:15that it has traveled to the Earth
00:17to finally arrive in Antarctica...
00:19Ah, now the story is much more fascinating.
00:23So, discover all this.
00:25The researcher Roberta Skor,
00:27who worked on the project ANSMET
00:29or Antarctic Search for Meteorites
00:32of the Denver Antarctic Program,
00:33found the meteorite in 1984.
00:37If you want to know the name of this space traveler,
00:40I can help you.
00:41First, it is the place where it had been found.
00:44The island of Allan in Antarctica
00:45or Allan Hills.
00:47Then, we have the year of its discovery
00:49and the number of the screen.
00:51If you tell us that our friend Roberta
00:53saw this stone in exclaiming
00:55Wow, a piece of Mars!
00:57You will be surprised.
00:59At first, it was totally impossible
01:01to know where the meteorite came from.
01:03And something even more trouble the researchers.
01:06This stone was very different
01:07from the other types of meteorites
01:09found on our planet.
01:11Ok, but how did they finally discover
01:14that it came from Mars?
01:15Grâce to the traces of gas
01:17similar to those that compose
01:18the atmosphere of the red planet.
01:20We knew his composition
01:23thanks to the courageous Viking Lander
01:25who did the analysis necessary in situ
01:27in 1976.
01:30But we come back to our discovery.
01:32It is very particular.
01:34And not only because it comes from very far.
01:36Among the few thousand
01:38meteorites found on Earth,
01:40only a hundred percent
01:42probably come from Mars.
01:43And even with that,
01:44our little is different from others
01:46and seems to be part of a separate group.
01:49Let's go into the past
01:51and retrace the history
01:52of this cosmic voyage.
01:54She was apparently formed
01:56there about 4 billion years
01:58on her native red planet.
02:00One day,
02:01which was not yet very different from others,
02:03the life of this peaceful caillou
02:04was discovered.
02:06A meteorite impact
02:07the catapulted into space.
02:09And our pierre
02:09started its voyage
02:10of small asteroids.
02:12At the time,
02:13she was much bigger
02:14than the moment of her discovery
02:15on Earth.
02:16At a moment,
02:17she approached Earth
02:18and we would say
02:19that she decided
02:20to explore the places.
02:21It's like that
02:2213,000 years ago,
02:23ALH ended up
02:25her space voyage
02:26in a collision
02:27with our planet.
02:29At the moment,
02:29this Martian fragment
02:31is the most ancient
02:31that we had ever found.
02:33But at the beginning,
02:34it was not very popular.
02:36It was only in 1996
02:38that its notoriety
02:39was suddenly accrue
02:40after a revolutionary discovery.
02:43The researchers
02:44of the NASA
02:44were asked.
02:46This fragment
02:47is very ancient.
02:49But could they have
02:49recorded
02:50traces of life
02:51that would have been
02:52prospered on Mars
02:53at the time
02:54where ALH
02:54was still attached
02:55to the red planet?
02:57It was a very good question.
03:00They detected
03:01traces of very fine
03:02particles of magnetite.
03:04Their structure
03:04and their composition
03:05are very similar
03:07to the particles
03:08that we find
03:09on our planet.
03:10We call them
03:11magnétophossiles.
03:12And these are
03:13magnétotactical bacteria
03:14that produce them.
03:15This could therefore
03:16mean that
03:16there were, at a moment
03:17at a moment,
03:18forms of life on Mars.
03:19In April 2020,
03:21scientists
03:21from the Japanese Space Agency
03:23have made another
03:24discovery.
03:25They detected
03:26in our ozone meteorite
03:27containing
03:28organic materials
03:29from Martian origin.
03:31So, who knows
03:32what new
03:33secret
03:33an extraordinary
03:34examination
03:35of the meteorite
03:36could reveal us
03:37that
03:37for the time,
03:38there is no longer
03:39you have to go back
03:39to Antarctica
03:40and put you down.
03:42In fact,
03:43it is an ideal place
03:44for the hunting
03:45meteorites.
03:46We have found
03:47nearly 50,000 meteorites
03:49in Antarctica
03:49and hundreds of thousands
03:51of thousands
03:51are still waiting for
03:52to be discovered.
03:53Each of these
03:54space rocks
03:54can tell us
03:56a story of the evolution
03:57of the solar system.
03:58For example,
03:59the first moon
04:00found on the glacier
04:01and desert
04:02a confirmed
04:03the fact that
04:04we could find
04:04on Earth
04:05more large
04:07than asteroids.
04:08Imagine
04:09that you are inspired
04:10and that you decide
04:11to go to the
04:12hunting meteorites
04:13in Antarctica.
04:14Prepare-vous
04:15to raise
04:16serious challenges.
04:17Despite their
04:18abundance,
04:19finding space
04:20is not as easy
04:22as it seems.
04:23You should have
04:23to go back
04:24and it is not even
04:26certain
04:26that you can find
04:27anything else.
04:28It is also
04:29a very big problem.
04:31The meteorites are
04:32disappearing.
04:34Currently,
04:36find about
04:371,000 meteorites
04:38per year
04:38in Antarctica.
04:40But according
04:40to a new study,
04:42about 5,000 meteorites
04:43disappear every year.
04:45In cause,
04:46the increase
04:46of temperatures.
04:48Inquiet,
04:49researchers have created
04:50a model capable
04:51to help them
04:51determine where
04:52these meteorites
04:53are susceptible
04:54to go to the surface.
04:56This model is quite
04:57complex,
04:58because it takes
04:59into account
04:59the temperature
05:01of the surface
05:02temperature,
05:02the speed of the ice
05:04and even
05:05the inclination
05:06of the terrain.
05:07The scientists
05:08have then implemented
05:09simulations
05:10in the cadre
05:10of different
05:11scenarios of
05:12warming.
05:12And it is revealed
05:13that the meteorites
05:14were effectively
05:15as soon as
05:16the temperatures
05:17increased.
05:18The surprise
05:19of the researchers
05:19is evident.
05:21They did not
05:24to work.
05:25Even if these regions
05:26are below
05:27the point of
05:28freezing,
05:28our mode of life
05:29participates
05:30to the destruction
05:31of a crucial archive
05:32of the solar system.
05:34But revenons
05:35to your chase
05:36to the meteorites.
05:37If you want to increase
05:38your chances
05:39to find one,
05:40rendez-vous
05:40on the feet
05:41of the mountains
05:41where the ice
05:42which usually goes
05:43to the bottom
05:44is forced to go.
05:46And don't forget
05:47to take your
05:48wind.
05:48In these places,
05:50there are powerful
05:50clouds
05:50of the snow
05:51and expose
05:52a blue blue
05:53vif.
05:53Instead of
05:54sinking,
05:54this ancient glass
05:55can directly
05:56transform in
05:57vapor
05:57and it is
05:58so that we can
05:59discover the meteorites
06:00who, otherwise,
06:01remain hidden.
06:03But you have to be careful.
06:05The meteorites
06:06at the surface
06:07disappear quickly.
06:08Even when
06:09the temperatures
06:10are slightly inferior
06:11to the point
06:11of the congelation,
06:13the meteorites
06:13can still absorb
06:14a part of the sun
06:15of the sun
06:16and make the ice
06:18It's like if they
06:19created
06:19underground tunnels
06:20or glaciers
06:22sinking and
06:23dropping
06:23to the view
06:24of all.
06:25A few months later,
06:27the meteorites
06:27close the entrance
06:28of these tunnels,
06:29imprisoning the meteorites
06:31and making
06:31all the discovery
06:32impossible.
06:35Scientists admit
06:36that it is very difficult
06:37to find
06:38effective methods
06:38to see
06:39the meteorites.
06:41And if
06:41we don't worry
06:42about putting
06:42good techniques,
06:44we risk
06:45to lose
06:45between 80
06:46and 250
06:47thousand
06:48rocks,
06:48in total.
06:50So it's not surprising
06:51that scientists
06:52were given
06:53for mission
06:54to find more
06:55meteorites.
06:56They focus on
06:57the zones
06:58of air.
06:59It's a place
07:00where the meteorites
07:01accumulate
07:01to the surface
07:02due to the geological
07:04of the ice
07:05and the climate conditions.
07:08As you already know,
07:10you can find
07:11meteorites
07:11on the blue
07:12without
07:13coverts
07:13neigeuses.
07:14The meteorites
07:15are so easy
07:15to see.
07:16But finding
07:17these hot points
07:18often
07:18is often
07:19pure
07:19hasard.
07:20Or,
07:20you have to spend
07:21the whole day
07:22and satellite images
07:24to try to see
07:26the blue zones
07:27located near
07:28the research stations.
07:30Let me introduce
07:32Veronica Tollenaar,
07:33glaciologist
07:34and her team.
07:36They went to the
07:37higher speed
07:38by creating
07:39a smart card
07:40of Antarctica.
07:41To do it,
07:42they have access
07:43to the automatic
07:44and the satellite data
07:45of the NASA,
07:46the Canadian Space Agency
07:47and other organizations.
07:49This card
07:50put in evidence
07:51the zones
07:51where meteorites
07:52could be hidden
07:54on the basis
07:54of previous discoveries
07:55and all sorts
07:56of data
07:57relative to the climate
07:58and the ice.
08:00Apparently,
08:01the best place
08:01to find meteorites
08:03is located
08:03on the continent
08:04and near the mountains
08:06covered with blue glass.
08:08Unfortunately,
08:09there is not only
08:09the blue glass
08:10which counts.
08:11The temperature
08:12and the speed of the glass
08:14are also very important.
08:16For example,
08:17if the glass
08:17too quickly
08:18the meteorites
08:19are emptied
08:20before being accumulated.
08:22If you want to find
08:24a meteorite,
08:24you need so
08:25very precise conditions.
08:27The surface
08:28should be inferior
08:29to minus 9 degrees Celsius
08:30almost all the time.
08:31Otherwise,
08:32the meteorites
08:33coulent.
08:34You can start searching
08:36près des collines
08:37d'Alan.
08:37Yes,
08:38that's where our friend
08:38A.L.H.
08:39was discovered.
08:40This region
08:41is a sort
08:42of a mine
08:42for meteorites
08:44with more than 1000
08:45discoveries.
08:46But there are
08:46even more prominent places
08:48like the mountains
08:49of Fimbulheimen
08:50where no one
08:51has ever done research.
08:53You may be the first.
08:56You may be the first.
08:57With this new card,
08:58the researchers
08:59have put on the point
09:00a classification
09:00of the best places
09:01for the meteorites
09:03which will help
09:04better target
09:04the future
09:05on the ground.
09:07And as many
09:07blue clouds
09:08are still inexploration,
09:10there are tons
09:11of meteorites
09:11waiting for you
09:12to be discovered.
09:14So,
09:14what do you expect?
09:15Bye,
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