The reason you spend hours scrubbing your home isn't because you're doing it wrong; it's because you're fighting molecular friction. Every time you use generic retail spray, you leave behind a sticky surfactant film that acts as a magnet for dust and grease. Today, we are breaking down the surface chemistry of 12 common household assets. We show you how to strip away the factory residue and create an invisible, frictionless barrier that forces dirt to slide right off. #SurfaceChemistry #CleaningHacks #FrictionlessHome
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00:00Okay, today I'll show you things you've never seen and tell you stuff you never knew.
00:05Wow, all in one video! What a bargain!
00:08For example, these soda found stations in fast food restaurants.
00:12We all see the nice side of it, but have you ever wondered where all this soda comes from?
00:17Let me take you behind the scenes.
00:19Ta-da!
00:20Turns out it's a pile of boxes with tubes.
00:23So when the drink runs out, the employees change the box and plug the tube back in.
00:28Okay, let's peek into a couple more places where we normally don't belong.
00:34This is, for example, what you will see if you cut the screen of a Mac open.
00:39And here's what's hidden behind the dryers in a public laundromat.
00:43Today, 4 out of 5 households in the U.S. have a dryer.
00:46But they weren't so widely accessible when they first appeared in the 1950s,
00:50because they were way too expensive for the average homeowner.
00:54Now, grocery shopping isn't an uncommon practice.
00:57And we all have walked past dairy fridges a million times.
01:01But have you ever wondered what's behind them?
01:03Turns out they're just shelves, and store employees stack the products from the other side.
01:08It makes perfect sense, but I never imagined it like this.
01:12Now, this photo shows what's behind the elevator button.
01:16Obviously, a bunch of cords.
01:18The buttons are all wired to a computer that manages the elevator.
01:22How does the computer know where the elevator is at a particular time?
01:25Well, there are several possible systems.
01:28But the most common one is a long vertical tape in the shaft with a series of holes.
01:33A sensor counts the number of holes that are passed, and that's how the location is determined.
01:39Okay, there are a couple of common things we all know, but the purpose of which remains a mystery to
01:45most.
01:46So, let me share these secrets with you.
01:49Those metal rivets on jeans have been there from the very beginning.
01:53Jacob Davis, the iconic man who made the first pair of jeans,
01:57added copper rivets to places where pants are most likely to rip.
02:01Today, they have more of a decorative and distinctive purpose,
02:04since they are a traditional attribute of the jeans everyone knows of.
02:09Now, I'll bet you know there are extra loops on some shoes.
02:12No, they're not for sweat or ventilation.
02:15Those are extra loops for laces, just like other loops you use.
02:19But they're there to tie your shoe around the ankle to prevent your foot from moving aside.
02:25That's especially helpful if you're hiking and ascending and descending hills and trails.
02:29Now, have you ever noticed those half-belt thingies many coats and jackets have at the back?
02:35Turns out, they first appeared on oversized military jackets,
02:39so the extra fabric could be collected on the back, and the person doesn't stumble when working.
02:44Today, those belts are only added for the sake of style and tradition.
02:49Most clothing items you buy come with a small bag of fabric or a button, or both.
02:54These are actually not useless.
02:57Buttons obviously can be replaced if you lost the original one.
03:00Pieces of fabric can serve two purposes.
03:03You can patch up the hole, but the main purpose is to provide you with a sample of cloth,
03:08so you can use it to test different washing products on it and see what happens to the fabric.
03:14Now, pom-poms on woolen hats.
03:16Did you know that sailors were wearing hats with pom-poms in the 18th century
03:21to protect their heads in case they accidentally whacked them?
03:24Regular people were wearing them in Scotland,
03:27and the color of the pom-pom signified the person's social status.
03:31People got back to wearing hats with those cute decorative items during the Great Depression.
03:35They're made of spare yarn, so it was a cheap way to decorate your hat.
03:40Now, if you haven't noticed, some sidewalks have little plates with bumps on them.
03:45Most people don't pay much attention to them, but they're very important for visually impaired people.
03:51It signals a slope that then leads to a crosswalk.
03:54Also, several patterns signal different things.
03:57Have you noticed that the icon of a gas tank on car dashboards has a little arrow next to it?
04:04Well, the arrow has a purpose.
04:05It points at the side of the car where the gas tank is located.
04:09Very useful for forgetful people, like me, who constantly wonder which side it is on,
04:15and also for those who drive rentals once in a while.
04:18The answer is right in front of your eyes.
04:20If you can't find the arrow on your panel, then the fuel hose on the icon indicates the side instead.
04:27Now, on the back of many makeup and hygiene products, you'll find this symbol with a marking like 6M, 12M,
04:34and 24M.
04:35This is the number of months this product can serve you before you should toss it out.
04:41You might know that whistles work perfectly fine even if they don't have that ball inside.
04:46And yet, they have it.
04:47But why?
04:48Even though there's a sound without the ball, the noise it creates is very flat, and it's not distinguishable enough.
04:55When the whistle has a ball inside, then it starts moving with every blow,
05:00indicating different pitches and making the noise more noticeable.
05:05Lollipop sticks have those squared holes on the end of their sticks for a reason, too.
05:09When the candy is put on the stick, some of it goes into the hole, fixating the candy part.
05:15This way, the candy ball or whatever shape is less likely to fall off the stick.
05:20Yeah, it's a bummer when that happens.
05:23Measuring tapes have that little metal stud on the end.
05:26Most people know that you can use it to stick it to the side of the surface you're measuring.
05:31But it's not the only cool thing about it.
05:33Look, there's also a small slot.
05:36And this slot can be used to hang it on a nail.
05:38Again, to free your hands and keep measuring.
05:41The bottom of the end of the tape has a ridged edge.
05:44It'll help you make a mark if you don't have a marking tool with you.
05:48Have you ever wondered why the taped blade is curved?
05:51Well, it helps to keep it rigid when extended.
05:55Pay a closer look at the blade.
05:57Apart from numbers and markings, there are also black diamonds.
06:01Those are there every 12.2 inches,
06:04and they're useful for construction workers to space engineering joists.
06:09They can also be useful for you if you want to hang something heavy, for example.
06:13The diamond will mark the exact center of a stud, which is placed 16 inches apart from one another.
06:19And you can drill something to that center to make sure whatever you hang is safely attached.
06:25Now, most coins have ridges.
06:28And this is the legacy of the olden days.
06:31You see, back in the day, all coins were linked to a silver standard.
06:35The amount of silver used in the coin was proportionate to the value of the coin.
06:39So, the more actual silver was used to make the coin, the higher its value was.
06:45Hi-ho silver!
06:46Do you remember the Lone Ranger?
06:48Silver was the name of his horse.
06:50Eh, never mind.
06:51Anyway, all the coins had precious metal in them,
06:54and some people started shaving off a little bit of silver from it.
06:58It wasn't noticeable on one, but if done on several, people could get quite a bit of that precious metal.
07:05So, to prevent fraud, the edges were made with ridges for security reasons.
07:10So, if someone attempted to shave it off, the ridges would disappear, and no one would accept that coin anymore.
07:16Smart!
07:17Today, no one makes coins out of silver.
07:20The coins just represent the value.
07:22But the ridges are kind of a cultural heritage now.
07:25And finally, a typical plastic milk jug often has inverted circles on one or more of the sides.
07:32Not like alien crop circles, this dimple is there to make the jug more resistant
07:37and to prevent it from erupting in case the jug falls on the floor.
07:41The dimple gives some more space for the liquid to expand.
07:45Also, as the expiration date approaches, the microbes in the milk start to expel some gases.
07:51As there are more of them trapped inside, the pressure in the jug is rising.
07:55The dimple takes care of the expansion and prevents the jug from exploding.
07:59And the cows are utterly delighted that their hard work is not wasted.
08:05Blew!
08:08Leaving your valuables or a chocolate bar in a car is a no-brainer.
08:13But there are other things people often overlook.
08:16Here's what to watch out for before leaving your car.
08:20Number one is aerosol cans.
08:22Hairspray, deodorant, spray paint, household cleaner, and that sort.
08:27On the back of these cans, you might notice a storage temperature recommendation.
08:31Well, stick to that.
08:33Here's what can happen.
08:34Since these cans are pressurized, they become more sensitive to temperature.
08:39What's inside the aerosol may expand and this may result in a crack.
08:43And then, the can can blow up.
08:46Temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit are already alarming.
08:50And it can easily get as hot as that in your car on a warm summer day.
08:55Researchers from the USA have figured out how long it takes a car to turn into a sweat factory on
09:01a hot day.
09:05Within one hour, the insides of the car parked in the sun reaches 95 degrees Fahrenheit or hotter,
09:11with an average temperature of 116 degrees Fahrenheit.
09:15So, if you want your car in one piece and running, take aerosol cans with you.
09:22The second item is sunscreen.
09:26Sunscreen is vital for your skin since it decreases the risk of skin complications and prevents skin aging caused by
09:33the sun.
09:34This includes wrinkles, sagging, and age spots.
09:38But when you leave sunscreen in your car, it gets exposed to high temperatures, and it can ultimately shorten its
09:44shelf life.
09:45If you end up finding spoiled sunscreen, you might notice a funny smell when you open the cap.
09:51Plus, the heat might cause the cap to open, and the sticky substance will get all over the car.
09:56The same rule applies to lipsticks and other cosmetics as well.
10:02The next one is plastic bottles.
10:05There are two reasons why you shouldn't leave them inside your car.
10:09Firstly, a plastic water bottle can act as a lens, magnifying the sun's rays and starting a fire.
10:16A fire department in Oklahoma conducted an experiment and confirmed that the danger of fire was real.
10:23David Richardson from that department says it can happen if the beam of light is focused enough.
10:30The second reason is related to your health.
10:32Many plastic bottles contain bisphenol, a potentially toxic compound.
10:37The BPA levels can increase at high temperatures, and that can be harmful to your body.
10:42There's a chance that this chemical can get into your drink after you leave the bottle inside the vehicle.
10:49Oh, and batteries!
10:51They could lose their capacity to work at full power when they're left abandoned in the car.
10:56You can buy a new pair and fix this problem, but it won't be as easy to solve the problem
11:01of leakage or a rupture.
11:02It can be bad for your health because battery acid is dangerous when inhaled and highly corrosive.
11:09The reason for leakage is again related to high temperatures.
11:13Battery manufacturers recommend keeping their products at room temperature.
11:19This fact is partially related to batteries.
11:22It's about electronics.
11:24Have you ever realized how hot your phone can get when it's exposed to the sun?
11:28You're driving and, let's say, looking at the GPS on your phone.
11:32Even in this situation, your phone can heat up.
11:35What will happen to it after hours of sun exposure?
11:39Phone companies are strongly against customers leaving their devices in vehicles because they might shut down, get damaged, or, you
11:47know, BOOM!
11:49Personal belongings are another priority on the list.
11:53A wallet or a handbag may come to one's mind first.
11:56Yet, a passport or even some change you leave near the passenger seat is sometimes enough to attract a thief.
12:03Better to keep such stuff out of sight, for example, by storing it in the trunk instead of leaving it
12:09in the back seat.
12:12Number 7 is also related to theft.
12:15Life can be too hectic sometimes.
12:17And it's understandable if you can't clean your car frequently.
12:21But leaving garbage in the car is another mistake.
12:24Thieves tend to search for messy-looking cars.
12:26They think that the owner doesn't use such a vehicle frequently.
12:31How about plants?
12:34I know it isn't that common to keep plants in the car on a daily basis.
12:38But sometimes, you need to move them.
12:41The heat inside the vehicle can easily dehydrate the poor thing.
12:47Medications are another thing you shouldn't keep in the car for too long.
12:50The constantly changing temperatures inside the vehicle can decrease the effectiveness of your pills.
12:56Authorities recommend keeping most medications at 59 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit in a cool and dry place.
13:05Important documents that contain your personal data shouldn't be left in the vehicle either.
13:10Some examples of such documents are tax forms, financial statements, and school transcripts.
13:16A thief could commit fraud or identity theft using this valuable information.
13:23And there's also food and drinks.
13:25Experts recommend not leaving groceries or leftovers in a warm car for more than two hours or only an hour
13:32when it's over 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
13:34The same rule applies in the winter, too.
13:38Canned foods, for example, have a high risk of going bad if a can of sweet peas, let's say, gets
13:44frozen in the car.
13:45The effect will be similar to what would happen to soda.
13:49Let it thaw in the refrigerator instead of leaving it at room temperature.
13:53If the product doesn't look or smell normal, throw it away in a place where not even an animal can
13:59find it.
14:00Don't try to taste it.
14:01Just trust your senses.
14:08Eggs are another example.
14:11Normally, eggs shouldn't be frozen.
14:13But let's suppose you forgot one grocery bag in the trunk of the car and the weather was so cold
14:18at night that the eggs got frozen.
14:20Keep the eggs in the refrigerator before use.
14:23They should be hard-cooked.
14:24It's your only option.
14:26You see, freezing causes the yolk to become thick and syrup-like.
14:30It loses that natural flow and doesn't mix well with other ingredients.
14:36You shouldn't leave your pets alone in the car, obviously, and not just because of a potential rise in temperature.
14:43They will feel uncomfortable without you, their best friend, accompanying them.
14:47In their frustration, they might do something to get noticed, which can be, for example, ruining the interior of the
14:54vehicle.
14:56Now let's return to the winter season again.
14:58If possible, keep the gas tank of your car over half full.
15:02This can prevent the fuel lines from freezing.
15:05It also makes it easier to start the engine and hit the road in the morning.
15:09While keeping an eye on the fuel bar, it might be a good idea to glance at the tire pressure,
15:14too.
15:15The cold can result in tire pressure drops.
15:19Not only high, but also low temperatures can damage some items.
15:24A good example is paint cans.
15:26They should be quickly taken out of the vehicle in the winter.
15:29The ingredients in the paint can experience expansion, separation, and clumping due to the cold.
15:36In other words, you won't be able to use this paint anymore.
15:40Weather also affects wooden musical instruments like violins or guitars.
15:45Changes in temperature and humidity can cause wooden instruments to warp, crack, or split.
15:53Glasses get affected by fluctuating temperatures, too.
15:56In a hot car, plastic frames can bend.
15:59Or plastic can become brittle when it's very cold.
16:02This makes glasses prone to breaking.
16:06Don't leave house keys and garage door openers inside the car.
16:09This is an everyday practice for many people, but it's risky.
16:13They can get into the wrong hands.
16:16To listen to music, most people connect their phones to the car or listen to the radio.
16:22CDs are getting less and less used these days.
16:25But don't leave them in the car anyway.
16:26They might get warped, and you won't be able to use them anymore.
16:31Can you think of any other items you shouldn't leave in the car?
16:35Some pieces of clothing come with a small patch of fabric with a button on it.
16:40While it's quite obvious how to use the button, the fabric's purpose isn't so apparent.
16:45It's not there to patch holes.
16:47You're supposed to test your cleaning products on it.
16:49Then, if something goes wrong, you won't ruin the whole garment.
16:53The seemingly random dime-sized hole in the elevator door is actually a keyhole.
16:58If the elevator doors get stuck, an operator can open them manually by inserting a special key in this hole.
17:05The same tool is used when an elevator needs routine maintenance.
17:09Some plastic milk containers have dents in their sides that serve several purposes.
17:14For one, if milk spoils, this process can cause swelling and high-pressure buildup inside the container.
17:20That's when the dent comes in handy.
17:22It pops out and doesn't let the jug blow up.
17:25Plus, if you decide to freeze the milk, it'll expand like any other liquid.
17:30And then again, the indentation will pop out and prevent the container from bursting inside the freezer.
17:36A first-timer might think that Chinese takeaway boxes have a peculiar shape.
17:41The more experienced diners know that by unfolding the sides of these containers,
17:45you get a paper plate with the food already sitting on top.
17:49The lines on plastic solo cups can help you measure out liquids and non-liquids too.
17:54From the bottom up, those lines coincide with the measurements of 1, 5, and 12 ounces.
18:00The lowermost line is the perfect portion of mouthwash.
18:03The middle one is a serving of cereal for breakfast.
18:06And the topmost is the amount of water recommended to drink 4 to 5 times a day.
18:12Striped toothpaste will always come out in stripes, even if you mash the tube with all your strength.
18:18No magic involved, though.
18:19The product is very dense and viscous, so it doesn't mix well.
18:23The white, blue, and red parts of the toothpaste are pushed down at an even rate,
18:28thanks to their similar physical properties.
18:31And viscosity helps the stuff be pushed down and out from the edges first,
18:35so no matter how hard you try, there will always be those perfect stripes.
18:40Not every iPhone owner pays attention to an almost unnoticeable little hole between the camera and the flash.
18:47It's the gadget's second microphone.
18:49Its role is to block outside noises when you're filming a video.
18:53This microphone also makes the sound clearer.
18:56Use it when you're on the phone in a noisy place.
18:59Dental floss can slip out from your fingers and tangle.
19:02To avoid such problems, tear off a piece and floss and tie its two ends together.
19:07It will be much easier to use and won't hurt your hands.
19:11Most frying pans have holes in their handles.
19:14You can use it to hang the thing on a hook on the wall, but that's not its original purpose.
19:18When you're cooking something in the pan, the hole in the handle is there to hold your messy spoon.
19:23It's especially important for plastic utensils because you can't leave them in the pan for long
19:28since they can melt.
19:30Some toothpicks have several grooves on the blunt end.
19:34When you need to use one, break off the grooved end and put it on the table.
19:38It'll serve as a rest to keep your toothpick from touching the surface.
19:42You've probably noticed that most soft-rink lids have ridges and three bumps on them.
19:47With their help, the lid can turn into a coaster once you put it on the table and place the
19:51cup on top of it.
19:52No more spillage.
19:55Bath foam isn't only for fun or a nice smell.
19:58It also helps regulate the temperature.
20:01The bubbles keep the water hot so you can enjoy a bath a bit longer.
20:05Anyway, it works for acrylic bathtubs only.
20:08Those made of metal lose heat really fast either way.
20:12Almost all measuring tapes have a metal tip with a small slot on the end.
20:16You can use this slot to hang the tape on a nail or a screw to make measurements without anyone's
20:21help.
20:22Sometimes this tip has a row of sharp points along the edge on one side.
20:26That comes in handy when you want to leave a mark without using a pencil.
20:31A pack of cotton pads has those strings on it so we could hang it on some hook or holder.
20:37And no, there's no need to untighten and tighten the pack again.
20:41Look at the bottom of the pack.
20:42It has a perforated line.
20:44Tear along that and now you're good to pull out a cotton pad.
20:48A triple handle on a jerry can is there to make it easier for two people to carry it and
20:53distribute the fuel evenly.
20:55Gas cans often have a second hole that actually needs to be uncapped too before you pour the gas.
21:00The air passage will prevent it from pouring out.
21:04Lemons get juicier if you warm them up a little bit in the microwave.
21:07The heat softens the frozen membranes so the juice can flow out freely.
21:11More lemonade for you.
21:13When you buy some grated cheese, get ready for a surprise.
21:17If the package says it contains cellulose, it means that the cheese does contain wood pulp.
21:23Don't worry, it's digestible.
21:25It's added to prevent the product from clumping.
21:29The expiration date on mineral water isn't about water going bad.
21:33Actually, no water can spoil, but the bottle can.
21:37Over time, it starts leaking some chemicals that aren't quite safe.
21:41The spike in the cap of a tube of ointment or cream is there so you can puncture the tiny
21:46foil seal.
21:47No need to grab a toothpick or try to use your fingernails to peel it off.
21:51Post-it notes are supposed to be peeled off from the side, like you're turning the page in a book.
21:57Most of us tear them from the bottom, and that just creates a crease and makes the whole note less
22:01sticky.
22:03To prevent water from boiling over, just lay a wooden spoon across the rim of the pot.
22:08It only works for a little while, though.
22:09If the spoon's surface gets heated up to the boiling point, the bubbles will just foam up and around it.
22:15That's why metal spoons won't do.
22:17They heat up too quickly.
22:19Some erasers have two colors and textures.
22:22Not for pen ink versus pencil lead, but for different types of paper.
22:26You're supposed to use the blue side to remove pencil marks from heavy grades of paper.
22:32Most people use bobby pins upside down.
22:35The zigzagged part goes closer to your scalp.
22:38The texture keeps the hair and pin in place much better.
22:41And give your pins a spritz of hairspray before putting them in.
22:45They'll grip better.
22:46Ever notice the tiny second hole in the lid of your coffee travel mug or to-go cup?
22:51It's there to control how smoothly the liquid flows out from the drink hole.
22:55Without it, the hot stuff would just glug out at you like milk from a jug.
22:59It also lets the steam escape so the high temperature and built-up pressure
23:03don't melt the lid or send it shooting off.
23:07Apples you buy at the supermarket were likely picked between August and November.
23:11After that, they were covered in wax, hot air dried, and stored in cool places.
23:17It takes the fruit 6 to 12 months to make it to fresh produce shelves.
23:22Sometimes, you need to get away from your computer but don't want to keep logging back in.
23:26Put your mouse over the top of an analog watch.
23:29The mouse will perceive the ticking second-hands movement.
23:32And this will prevent your computer screen from turning black.
23:37When using a blender, pour the liquids in at first.
23:40Only after adding your milk, coconut water, or yogurt, put the berries, fruit, or spinach inside.
23:47Thanks to the holes in the bottoms of earphones, air can circulate up and down through the speakers.
23:52It results in increased low frequencies.
23:54This makes the bass sound deeper and improves the overall sound quality.
23:59You can use metal loops on the sides of a grocery cart to organize the space in your cart better.
24:05Hang your jacket on such a loop or put a bag of delicate items there, like eggs or bread.
24:10This way your jacket won't get wrinkled and eggs won't get squished.
24:15The black lines on a basketball make the game easier to play.
24:19They're actually grooves, helping you handle the ball.
24:22And since the players need to move around the court while dribbling or bouncing the ball, control is crucial.
24:29The black lines allow you to grip the ball better.
24:32You can also easily steer it in any direction once it's in your hand.
24:37If the basketball was smooth, you wouldn't be able to do it.
24:40By the way, pebbled dots that cover the outside of the ball serve the same purpose.
24:45The drawer at the bottom of your stove is there to keep your dishes warm when you cook large amounts
24:50of food.
24:51When one dish is in the oven, the already prepared ones are kept warm in the drawer below.
24:57Did you know that you can actually inflate a balloon without using your lungs?
25:02All you need is a plastic bottle, vinegar, baking soda, a funnel, a rubber band, and a balloon, of course.
25:11First, pull some baking soda into the balloon using your funnel.
25:15And now, pour the vinegar into the bottle.
25:19You don't need a lot.
25:20Just fill about a third of the bottle.
25:22Now, let's go ahead and put the balloon over the bottle.
25:26But don't tip the soda inside the vinegar yet.
25:29Secure the balloon with a rubber band and tip it over to make the soda fall into the vinegar.
25:35And now you can step back and enjoy the show.
25:38When the baking soda and the vinegar are mixed together, they release CO2 that will inflate the balloon.
25:45You can use the inflated balloon to show your friends another trick.
25:49Grab a comb and rub it on the surface of the balloon.
25:53Now, you can bend the water flow in your sink with static electricity using your brand new electrified comb.
26:00Just don't try brushing your hair.
26:03Can you really pierce a balloon without popping it?
26:06The answer is yes.
26:08You're going to need a skewer or a long needle, a balloon, petroleum jelly, and some courage.
26:15Scratch the balloon with your fingers and make it more flexible.
26:18Now, blow steadily into the balloon.
26:21Stop before blowing it to the full size.
26:24This will make the trick easier to perform.
26:26Put some petroleum jelly on the needle.
26:28Now, find this darker area near the knot where the balloon is less stretched.
26:34And just pierce it all the way through the top, like this.
26:38Balloons are made up of polymer chains.
26:40They're so tiny that they seem invisible to the human eye.
26:44This trick works because the polymer chains are less stretched on the neck of the balloon.
26:49It was enough room to allow the needle in between the chains without breaking them.
26:53But if you try the same technique on the sides of the balloon, it will definitely pop.
27:00By the way, hairspray actually helps keep the air in the balloon longer by sealing the surface.
27:06But if you apply hairspray on the outside of the balloon and then touch it when it's not yet dry,
27:11the balloon will shrivel.
27:13Isn't it magic?
27:17Beware, our next trick can make you question gravity.
27:20Pour some plain water into a glass bottle.
27:24Not much, about a quarter.
27:26Put the bottle in the microwave for a minute.
27:29Meanwhile, prepare a bowl with colored water to make the trick more visual.
27:33Take the bottle out of the microwave, turn it upside down and pour it into the colored water.
27:39The bottle will soon begin to fill with water.
27:42Can you guess why?
27:44The air expands when it's heated.
27:47The bottle and the air began to cool down and the air contracted, which caused the water to move.
27:54Not only wizards can make things disappear.
27:57Fill a plastic container or transparent glass with sunflower oil.
28:02Dip a glass rod inside the oil.
28:05Can you see it now?
28:07Oil and glass bend light the same way because they have almost equal refractive indexes.
28:13Therefore, it's impossible to see how the wand bends light inside the oil.
28:18To make this trick even more epic, pour equal parts of water and oil inside a glass and dip the
28:25glass rod inside it.
28:27You'll see it in the water, but it will disappear inside the oil.
28:33Have you seen this epic instant freezing trick?
28:36Here's how you can repeat it at home.
28:39Grab a small plastic bottle of clean drinking water.
28:42Leave it for about 4 hours to bring it to room temperature.
28:46And now, put it into a freezer and wait for an hour and a half.
28:50After that, take it out very carefully.
28:53Try not to shake it at all.
28:55Now, hit the bottle strongly or shake it and see what happens.
29:00Not only is red cabbage rich in fiber and vitamins, but it's also pretty useful for homemade scientific experiments.
29:09Boil red cabbage in pure water and wait until the water gets colored.
29:14Red cabbage contains a chemical called anthocyanin.
29:18It changes color when it's mixed with an acid or a base.
29:21That's why if you mix your cabbage with water with different ingredients, you'll get different colors.
29:27Bases like soda will make it blue, but acids on the contrary will create reddish colors.
29:33You can prove it by adding some lemon juice to your cabbage water.
29:37The water will become pinkish.
29:40And if you add vinegar, you'll get an even more vibrant pink color.
29:45If you have a juicer, you can try the same experiment with red cabbage juice.
29:50Initially, it will have a more vivid purple color.
29:53But under the influence of additional liquids, the color will change.
29:58Can you guess which color you'll end up with if you mix cabbage juice with bleach?
30:03It's almost transparent, but still has a greenish-yellow tinge.
30:08The next trick is very trendy among artists.
30:12Here's what you're going to need.
30:13Liquid soap, cotton buds, milk, and acrylic paints.
30:17You can use food coloring for this tip.
30:20Pour a little bit of milk into a wide bowl or a plate.
30:24You don't need a lot.
30:25Then, put a few drops of paint into the milk.
30:28And now, dip a cotton bud covered with soap.
30:32The patterns will begin to change.
30:34That's because the fatty molecules in the milk get attracted to the molecules of soap.
30:39When you're satisfied with the pattern, you can put a sheet of paper on top of the milk.
30:44And voila, your abstract masterpiece is ready.
30:48In fact, this technique is related to an ancient paper marbling called ebry.
30:54Artists created colorful patterns by sprinkling and brushing color pigments on a pan of oily water
31:00and then transformed those patterns on paper.
31:04Friction helps people walk on the road instead of sliding on it.
31:08And it also allows us to perform this cool experiment called floating rice.
31:14Fill a small plastic bottle with rice.
31:17You can use a funnel to make the task easier.
31:20Shake the rice for a while.
31:21And now, try to push a chopstick or a pencil inside the bottle.
31:25If you did everything right, the stick will get stuck in the rice.
31:29You can also try using different types of grains and see what happens.
31:35Have you ever tried to put an ice cube into oil?
31:38Well, you can try today.
31:40It will create these cute little drops that will fall into the bottom of the glass
31:44because they're heavier than oil.
31:48Here's an easy way to stick an ice cube to a string without any glue.
31:53Place an ice cube in water.
31:55Put a piece of string on top and sprinkle it with salt.
31:58You don't need much, otherwise the ice will dissolve.
32:02A pinch is enough.
32:04Wait for one minute and then gently pull the string.
32:07And there you go.
32:08The ice has stuck to the string.
32:12For this experiment, you're going to need an empty, clean soda can.
32:17Turn on the kettle and wait until it begins to boil.
32:20Carefully hold the can over the kettle using kitchen tongs.
32:24It will help fill it with hot steam.
32:27When the can is full of steam, give it an ice bath.
32:30You can put it into a bowl with cold water and ice cubes.
32:34The can should wrinkle up right away.
32:37That's because the volume inside the can decreases, reducing its pressure and allowing the external pressure to crush the can.
32:45The next trick is also about air pressure.
32:49You're going to need a glass bottle, a small piece of paper, a lighter and a peeled, boiled egg.
32:55The diameter of the bottleneck should be less than the width of the egg.
32:59And it's important to use glass because plastic can melt.
33:04Now carefully light the paper.
33:06Let it burn a little bit and drop it inside the bottle.
33:10Put the egg on the neck of the bottle.
33:12It should begin to bounce.
33:13And soon the pressure of air will push the egg into the bottle.
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