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00:00If you're looking to remodel your kitchen but don't have the budget to replace the refrigerator,
00:04there might be a way you can still use your fridge, even if you have to move it to another
00:09location.
00:11Did you know that for most refrigerators, you can change the way you open their doors?
00:15These handles can be reversed on almost any refrigerator model.
00:20You just need to remove a few screws and bolts.
00:23It's best though if you keep track of the assembly order and the parts you've removed.
00:28As for the necessary tools, you only need a screwdriver, an adjustable wrench, pliers, and a ratchet set.
00:37There's an easy way to get the most out of your citrus fruit.
00:41And the tool you'll need for that is probably somewhere in your kitchen.
00:45Forget about expensive fruit juicers, no need to revert to the standard elbow grease.
00:51Next time you want to have some fresh lemon juice, just use a pair of kitchen tongs.
00:57Place the lemon, or any other citrus fruit, between the tongs and use the force of the tool to squeeze
01:02out all the juice in no time.
01:06Speaking of fruit, there's a great way to keep them fresh for longer, and it doesn't necessarily involve buying unripe
01:12bananas.
01:13Place them into an airtight container and put it in the fridge.
01:17The less air reaches the fruit, the longer they'll last.
01:23Then, how about delicate things, such as strawberries?
01:27They're a bit more difficult to clean due to their texture.
01:31Here's a neat way to make sure they're safe to eat.
01:33Take three cups of cold water and add a cup of vinegar.
01:38Put your strawberries in the mixture and gently move them around.
01:43After you drain and rinse the berries with cold tap water to remove the vinegar,
01:48pat them dry with a clean towel.
01:51Lastly, put them in a sealed container and store them in the fridge until you're ready to munch on them.
01:57I'm almost certain you've been using this one wrong your whole life, but I'm just as guilty as you are.
02:03Remember those neck pillows we often use when traveling?
02:07Turns out, most of us tend to wear a pillow around the back of our neck and secure it at
02:11the front with a button.
02:13Well, some people say it feels a whole lot better if you flip your pillow.
02:18Why?
02:19Because with the gap located at the back of the neck, your head is still supported.
02:24But, you'll relieve the pressure on your neck if your head starts falling from side to side as you fall
02:29asleep.
02:29Not to mention that your chin stays securely in place.
02:34You may have noticed some weird bumps on the concrete sidewalk, especially in crowded or high traffic areas.
02:42This is called tactile paving.
02:45It was first used in Japan in the 1960s.
02:49Because of its efficiency, people started using it all over the world.
02:54These days, the system has developed into several types of paving for different kinds of situations.
03:01Blister paving, for example, is used at crosswalks.
03:04It's vital for people with visual impairment, warning them there's a road crossing ahead.
03:10In most cases, this paving consists of several rows of flat-topped blisters arranged in a square pattern.
03:17Then, there's corduroy tactile paving, rounded bars running across the direction of pedestrian travel.
03:24It informs visually impaired people about some danger, like a set of stairs or a ramp.
03:31Sometimes, after a long day, there's nothing more comforting than leftovers for dinner.
03:37Unfortunately, being as tired as you are, you might forget to cover your plate of food with a paper towel.
03:43And then, your microwave is likely to become a total mess.
03:47Luckily, there's an easy way to clean it, and it doesn't involve special products.
03:52Prepare a mixture of half water, half lemon juice.
03:56Pour the liquid into a bowl and microwave it for about a minute.
04:01The acidity of the mixture should help with decreasing the walls of the microwave,
04:05and you'll be able to simply wipe off all the residues.
04:11Are you one of those people that like to experiment when baking and aren't a fan of measuring tools?
04:17You can just use a whisk next time you need to add some flour.
04:21Stick the whisk in the flour bag, and it should pick up a considerable amount of the product between its
04:27metal bars.
04:30I don't think there's anything I love more than simple and fast tricks to make everyday chores easier.
04:37Like this one, about trash bags.
04:40I bet that just like me, you've been doing this one wrong all this time.
04:45Open a trash bag.
04:46You don't need to ruffle it open completely.
04:49Just the top of the bag will do.
04:51Place the edge of the trash bag over the edge of the trash can and secure it in place.
04:55Then, simply push the rest of the bag into the can.
04:59And it should flip over perfectly.
05:03I love a nice snack as much as the next guy.
05:07But pistachios can sometimes be a real pain to open.
05:11They can hurt your fingers or even break your nails.
05:14But did you know that you can literally use another pistachio to open a stubborn one?
05:20Layer the openings of the two pistachio pods so that they interlace.
05:24Then, just pull them apart and they should both pop open.
05:30Deodorants tend to make a mess, especially on black clothes.
05:34But you don't need a fancy cleaning product to get rid of the stains.
05:39You won't even need to change your shirt if this happens.
05:43Just rub the stained area with another piece of fabric once the deodorant has had some time to dry.
05:48It should flake off pretty easily.
05:52Surely, there's a pumice stone somewhere in your bathroom.
05:55You know that weird-looking piece of rock that you use to exfoliate your heels?
05:59There's a lot more you can do with it if you're creative enough.
06:02Turns out, it's pretty great for removing pet hair off textile furniture.
06:07You can also use it for removing pills off fabric.
06:11You can always unclog your kitchen pipes with a homemade solution.
06:16It's just as effective as the store-bought and involves way fewer damaging chemicals.
06:22Pour some white vinegar into your kettle.
06:24Make sure you heat it up, but remember to open your kitchen window as the smell might get a bit
06:29overwhelming.
06:32Meanwhile, place some baking soda in the pipes you want to clean.
06:35Let it sit for a couple of minutes.
06:38Then, add the heated vinegar.
06:40The mixture should pop and fizzle quite spectacularly.
06:44But don't worry, that's exactly what's supposed to be happening.
06:48After the process has calmed down, open the taps and let some lukewarm water run for a minute or so.
06:54It should wash off all the residues that were clogging your pipes.
07:00Nice added bonus.
07:01Take a look at the insides of your kettle.
07:03As clean as new.
07:06I'll admit, patience is not one of my best features.
07:09And I'm not very talented at opening jars either.
07:12But getting a rubber band and putting it around the edge of the lid works every time.
07:17It gives me a solid, non-slip grip and something to hold on to whenever I stumble upon one of
07:22those stubborn jars.
07:24But if that doesn't work, I place the jar in hot water.
07:27The heat causes the metal to expand, making it easy to break the seal.
07:34You know how hard it is to hang things on your walls, especially when it comes to items that require
07:39multiple holes.
07:40But here's a neat trick.
07:42Take a piece of tape and spread it over the object you want to put on the wall.
07:46It can be a painting or maybe even an extension cord.
07:49Mark the spots where the holes are supposed to be on the tape.
07:53Then take the tape and place it on the wall.
07:56Now you'll know exactly how far apart the nails need to go.
08:03The button on the top of your baseball cap is there purely for aesthetic purposes.
08:08By the way, this little thing has a name.
08:11Professionals call it a Squacho.
08:13Its initial function was to hold the four panels of the cap together.
08:17As hat making improved, the panels stopped needing it to hold together and Squacho was removed.
08:23But hats didn't look the same without it.
08:25Soon after, the Squacho returned due to popular demand.
08:30Originally, high-heeled shoes weren't intended for galas and proms.
08:34Back in the 10th century, horse riding was pretty tough with flat-soled shoes,
08:39and many riders' feet would constantly fall out of the stirrups.
08:42Higher heels helped deal with that problem.
08:45The grip was much firmer with them, and they grew in popularity.
08:48It wasn't long before they became a fashion accessory to match stylish outfits.
08:53Notable people wouldn't want to be seen without them.
08:56Riding a horse with fancy heels was the equivalent of owning a luxurious sports car.
09:01Even though heels were worn mainly by men at the start, ladies picked up on the iconic trend in the
09:0617th century.
09:08It's been one of the biggest ever since.
09:11In ancient Rome, salt was so precious that people even called it white gold.
09:16With scorching heat and no fridges, its purpose was to preserve food, mainly meat and fish.
09:23As a bonus, it made everything tastier.
09:26Sal, which is salt in Latin, was used instead of money to pay salaries.
09:31Here is where the word salary originated.
09:35Rice is the oldest cultivated food in human history.
09:38Its origins as wild grass started in a small valley around 15,000 years ago in Southeast Asia.
09:45Today, it's served globally as a staple diet and popular ingredient to 3.5 billion people.
09:53It would be difficult to imagine a world without video calls you use through your phone camera or laptop.
10:00The technology has helped game-changing innovations like working from home.
10:04Still, video calls' original purpose is far from how we use them today.
10:09The technology was introduced to confirm if the coffee was still in a pot.
10:13In 1993, researchers at the University of Cambridge found it frustrating when they took a break to get a cup
10:19of coffee,
10:20only to find that the pot was empty.
10:23So, they invented a device to monitor it and hooked up a camera that provided their computer with a live
10:29stream of the coffee pot.
10:30Thanks to these researchers, we can work in pajamas now.
10:35We know Albert Einstein for various achievements, but there's something he co-invented that goes overlooked.
10:42Together with his student, he invented a modified refrigerator.
10:45It's not like the ones we use today.
10:47In the 1920s, fridges weren't quite as safe as they produced poisonous gases.
10:52He wanted to create a safer version that didn't require electricity, without moving parts, and only needed a heat source
10:59to operate.
11:01Unfortunately, there wasn't enough funding, so the project dried up.
11:04Later, in the 1950s, electric fridges became popular.
11:08But in 2008, engineers from Oxford University revived this retro design.
11:13They're still working on it, but once they finish, the Einstein fridge will come in handy for rural areas without
11:19power,
11:19and people who want to live off the grid.
11:23That random QWERTY design doesn't make things easier.
11:27In the 1870s, Christopher Scholz invented a layout that ensured typing was twice as fast.
11:33But with commonly used letters next to each other, it was a bit too fast, and the machines constantly jammed.
11:39So, he then developed the QWERTY design.
11:42It forced typists to adopt a pecking style.
11:45This way, they would search for a letter and slowly type with their index fingers.
11:50The keyboards remain unchanged even today.
11:52And people all over the world have somehow adapted to them.
11:57The plastic end of your shoelace is an aglet, and people have used it since ancient Rome.
12:03Sure thing, they had no plastic back then, so those aglets were made of stone, glass, or even metal.
12:10Extra-wealthy people could accessorize their shoes with precious metals, like brass or silver.
12:15What came first, the TV or the remote control?
12:19The technology that functions in the remote is older by several decades.
12:24In 1898, Nikola Tesla created a machine to control mechanical devices with radio waves.
12:30Initially, he tried selling the idea of a radio waves device operating I.O. through remote control boats.
12:37But the potential buyers were not interested.
12:40He was way ahead of his time, as remote controls were finally used with televisions in 1956.
12:47As engineer Percy Spencer initially invented something brilliant in 1945, he was working on a new vacuum tube, the magnetron,
12:55which was used with early radar systems.
12:57While working on the project, he found that the chocolate in his pocket had melted.
13:03Realizing the heating potential of the magnetron, he used it on corn kernels, which turned into popcorn.
13:08Then, he tried testing it with eggs, but things got a bit messy.
13:12So once the yolk was washed away, he built a metal box, keeping the energy within, and the first microwave
13:19oven was built.
13:22In 1733, a duke in England requested William Kent, an architect, to make a traveling device for his kids.
13:30William accepted and built the first ever stroller.
13:33But nobody had to push it.
13:35Instead of handles, it was built like a carriage and pulled by a goat or a small pony.
13:39Only a few were made as it was pricey.
13:42More than 100 years later, in 1848, the first stroller with push handles became available and more affordable.
13:51Police are often associated with donuts, and there is actually a reason why.
13:56During the 1950s in the USA, police officers that worked night shifts found it hard to locate anywhere open for
14:02a midnight snack.
14:04Donut shops at this time were family-owned.
14:06They were working hard throughout the night, providing fresh donuts for the coming day.
14:10The shops were vulnerable at night, becoming the perfect relationship.
14:13Nourishment for the police and extra protection for the shops.
14:18Popping bubble wrap is an excellent source of relaxation, and it's also helpful with delicate packages.
14:25In 1957, two engineers glued together two shower curtains, trapping the air bubbles between.
14:31This is how the first bubble wrap was made.
14:34The result they were looking for was a sort of textured wallpaper.
14:38Still, it didn't go well on the market.
14:40Some time later, they tried to sell it as insulation for greenhouses, and once again, they failed.
14:46Everything changed in 1960 when IBM needed to ship delicate computer parts.
14:52The bubble wrap was perfect, and they continued to collaborate.
14:57Using maps with your phone has become a far easier way to navigate, but the old-fashioned handheld maps were
15:03once the only option, creating a competitive industry.
15:06So much so that mapmakers would draw in phantom settlements to avoid rivals stealing from them.
15:13These fake towns were called a copyright trap.
15:16However, one of these fake settlements became real.
15:19Aglo in New York was drawn into a map by General Drafting Co.
15:24Another competing mapmaker had also included this town on their own, and the copyright trap was sprung.
15:30But in court, they found that in 1950, a general store had actually been built there.
15:35And the owner assumed that Aglo was a real area based on the map, so he named the shop after
15:41it.
15:41So, there was no violation found, as technically, Aglo was real, thanks to that general store.
15:48In 1943, Vesta Stout from Illinois was working with securing parcels.
15:54She was disappointed with the poor paper tape, as it would fall apart when wet.
15:58So, she asked her boss to try to make waterproof tape.
16:02Her request was ignored, but she wrote a letter to President Roosevelt with an idea of how to make a
16:07better tape.
16:08Not only did she explain her concept, but she also provided it with detailed designs.
16:13He approved the idea and ordered the changes.
16:16The new tape was so helpful for freight transport that everyone wanted it, and they started selling it at hardware
16:22stores.
16:23In the 1950s, many people would wrap air ducts, and it was then deceptively named duct tape.
16:30Still, the adhesive on the sticky side wasn't suitable for cold and hot temperatures, which caused the tape to fall
16:36off.
16:36Despite this, people continued to use that tape for almost everything else.
16:42Decades ago, no one would ever imagine keeping a stick in their pocket that could hold hundreds of gigabytes.
16:48We've come a long way since then, and got used to USBs transferring our files from device to device with
16:54ease.
16:54In 2000, two major companies developed and sold the first USB flash drives 1.0, which snowballed into USB 2
17:03.0, 3.0, Type-C, and so on.
17:07Physically, they can endure rough treatment and won't get damaged easily, especially if you get proper protection.
17:12By design, USBs are almost perfect.
17:16So perfect that you always make the mistake of inserting it in the wrong way.
17:21Admit it, the two square holes are used to help the USB secure its position once it's inside the port.
17:27It's not strong enough to keep it stuck, but strong enough to do its job.
17:32You can protect your USB with proper encryption.
17:35This means that if anyone gets their hands on them, they won't be able to read them.
17:39Encrypted files end up being scrambled into gibberish of a series of letters and numbers,
17:44instead of comprehensive words to anyone who tries to read it.
17:48The file is only accessible if someone gets their hands on that USB.
17:52But if you're using certain online services like messaging or emailing, then encryption is simply not enough.
17:59Sure, the person on the other end can't read the contents of the work, but the hosting website can.
18:06This is where end-to-end encryption comes in.
18:09That means any information that goes in and out is, again, scrambled into gibberish to anyone who is in the
18:16way of your traffic, including the hosting service.
18:19Cloud storage has taken the world by storm.
18:22You can now save everything that's on your desktop to the internet and access that data across multiple devices.
18:28All you need is an email and password, and boom, you're safe and have all your files in one place.
18:36Cloud storage isn't data floating up in the clouds, but, less excitingly, servers that physically store data.
18:43They're like regular computers, just minus the monitors for viewing.
18:47These servers take up a lot of money.
18:49That's why you normally have to pay for their services.
18:52The servers are placed in data centers all around the world where third-party companies manage them.
18:57It's like getting remote access to a computer.
19:00The servers include a master control server, backup server, and a linked supply of servers operating to maintain a good
19:08quality service.
19:09The more money you pay, the better the server your data will be stored in.
19:14In the realm of computers, you just can't delete something to be gone forever.
19:19Whatever file you want to remove is already present in the hard disk as electrical impulses.
19:25And, depending on your gadget, it will be disposed of in a recycle bin or the garbage.
19:31That isn't to say that it isn't still there.
19:33It simply implies that the file has been moved to a different folder from which you can easily recover it.
19:38So, if you're worried about accidentally deleting a crucial document you've been working on for weeks, don't panic.
19:44It's not gone for good.
19:46But if your device breaks, then all your data is lost.
19:50If you own a device that has Windows 10, then you've probably been shutting down thinking that your computer or
19:56laptop is completely off.
19:58This is not the case.
20:00Windows 10 doesn't actually shut down, but goes into a state of hibernation.
20:04It keeps your app saved for you to recover.
20:07The proper way to shut it down is by resetting it.
20:10Windows operating system is known for being user-friendly with all the commands displayed in front of you.
20:16But for computer whiz kids, know that you can open the search bar and type CMD for the command prompt.
20:23It looks just like a bunch of random characters, but this is where you can achieve a lot with your
20:29device.
20:31If you don't like the black window, you can always change the color of your suiting.
20:35Once you launch the command prompt window, right-click on the title bar and then on Properties.
20:41Another window will open which has the option of choosing colors.
20:45You can pick the colors you want for the background and text or fix the opacity for the CMD window.
20:52This is easy mode.
20:54The real work is typing commands in the window.
20:56If you want to look for all your drivers on your Windows 10 device, then type in this command in
21:02the window.
21:03Don't forget to add spaces.
21:05The list of servers will magically pop up on your screen.
21:08This is a good way to get to the bottom of your issue, instead of searching for them manually.
21:14You can also hide specific folders on your computer through the command prompt by typing this command and pressing Enter.
21:22Of course, you'll have to type in the folder you want to hide, and poof, it's gone.
21:27The non-tech way of doing this is by opening the Properties pane in the folder and clicking on the
21:33checkbox that shows Hidden.
21:36While this is indeed the easy way of hiding your folders, it's not the most effective.
21:41You can simply write Show Hidden Files and Folders, and every checkbox you check will be visible again.
21:50The command prompt isn't all about business.
21:52You can try playing a game there to pass the time.
21:55Don't expect a AAA kind with realistic graphics and epic gameplay.
22:00Type this command and you'll be transported into the game via text.
22:04This game will allow you to create characters and engage in this imaginary world.
22:11Google Chrome is one of the most popular browsers on the net, but you can also play a text-based
22:16game there, just like in the command prompt.
22:19First press Ctrl plus Shift plus J to open the console.
22:24Then type Text Adventure into the search box.
22:28Don't freak out, you just opened the sort of a back end of the page.
22:33Next, click on the box that says Console.
22:36You'll be greeted with a text that will ask you if you want to play a game.
22:40Type Yes, and you'll instantly begin.
22:43They'll give you some basic commands which are easy to follow and an opening premise of the journey.
22:48If you're looking for something a little more contemporary, then get ready to play some solitaire.
22:53No worries, you don't have to type some command to play it.
22:57All you need to do is type Solitaire in the search bar, and you're there.
23:01You can play the exciting game of Solitaire in your web browser.
23:06And when you get bored, you can play the classic game Pac-Man.
23:10If you're from the generation of the classic bulky phones, then this next game will bring back all those memories
23:16of your childhood.
23:17Open Google and type Snake, and there you go.
23:22When the internet is down, you can play the dinosaur game in your browser window while you're impatiently waiting for
23:28the Wi-Fi to come back.
23:29This game is very simple.
23:31After pressing Enter, you just have to hit the space bar to jump over obstacles.
23:36And at a certain point, you'll have the option to duck down, which will make it even more challenging.
23:41Even without Wi-Fi, you can still have a good time.
23:44You can pause the game whenever you want by pressing the Alt key or F11.
23:49You can just click on your screen to continue the game at any time.
23:54Windows 11 has some cool hidden features that are very useful, like adjusting the volume for each individual app.
24:02You can go to Settings and click on System.
24:05Hit the Sound section.
24:06This will bring you to all the sound levels and the master switch.
24:11Copy-pasting is so essential to our everyday workflow that Windows 11 decide to take it to a whole other
24:17level with Clipboard History.
24:20This option allows you to save your copied texts in one designated area, which you can access any time.
24:28And the good news is that this option is also available on Windows 10.
24:32Just click on the Windows key, plus V, and you're good to go.
24:37If you have too many windows opened on Windows 11, you can grab the window that you want to keep
24:42and shake it.
24:43It will minimize all the remaining windows in the background so that you can have a pleasant, productive workflow.
24:49Oh wait, it's happening now!
24:523, 2, 1, BAM!
24:55Now instead of enjoying the new movie, you will enjoy cleaning your microwave after the popcorn apocalypse.
25:01And all this because you trusted the popcorn button too much.
25:05It turns out, many of those buttons are just timers and not professional chefs hidden in the microwave.
25:11Different types of popcorn, and maybe even different batches of your favorite one, have different popping times.
25:18It depends on the weight and humidity of the corn, and there's no magical cooking regime that would work for
25:23them all.
25:24If you don't give your popcorn enough time to pop because you rely on the button, it will be undercooked
25:30and full of kernels.
25:32If you let it pop for too long, it'll burn, and the smell will be with you for longer than
25:37you'd want it to.
25:39Some newer, fancy microwave models come with humidity sensors that take all the factors into account and can actually figure
25:46out how to cook your popcorn.
25:48All you have to do is touch a special pan.
25:51Check your microwave manual to see if it can do the trick.
25:54If that's not your case, you need to follow the instructions on the popcorn bed.
26:00Most of them say, do not use the popcorn button.
26:03A microwave that works on 700 watts is slower than that with 1,000 watts of power.
26:09And even when you did the math or followed the manual to a tee, don't leave your popcorn unattended.
26:15Give it those several minutes of your life and stay nearby to make sure all is going well.
26:22Listen to the popping symphony.
26:24When it slows down to 2 to 3 seconds between pops, turn it off.
26:28If you overcook it, it can lead to scorching.
26:32And even when you follow all the rules, you can't just blame it all on the microwave.
26:37Check your popcorn's best buy date.
26:39Keep your microwave clean.
26:41Always remove the plastic overwrap and unfold the paper bag.
26:45Now you should be fine.
26:49If you want to experiment more with your microwave, you can try drying herbs in it.
26:55Sandwich some fresh herbs between two paper towels and microwave them in 30-second intervals
27:00until they're as dry as you want them to be.
27:03You can also toast nuts the same way, in 30-second intervals, in chopped form, in a single layer on
27:09a plate.
27:10Your microwave can also help you peel garlic easily.
27:13Put the whole head in for around 20 seconds, and the cloves should slip out of the peels without any
27:19problems or smelly fingers.
27:24A cube of ice is not something you'd expect to be microwaved, but this trick has taken TikTok by storm.
27:31One vlogger tried heating salmon and rice in the microwave with an ice cube and a piece of parchment paper
27:36on top.
27:37She also added other ingredients, like kimchi, mayo, soy sauce, avocado, and dried seaweed.
27:45Adding water to reheated ice isn't new, but ice is something rather sensational.
27:51A chef instructor explained that an ice cube gives something for the microwave to heat, and the steam diffuses all
27:58the way through the food.
27:59It helps prevent that annoying situation when only half your meal is properly warmed up.
28:05The parchment paper lid also helps to keep the heat in.
28:08The steam moves up, hits the paper, and the hot liquid goes down to reheat the food.
28:13It takes a while for an ice cube to fully melt in the microwave.
28:17The water molecules in it are locked and held together by strong hydrogen bonds.
28:22So, it takes a lot of energy to break those bonds.
28:29Did you know that microwaving your tea is the best and healthiest way to brew it?
28:35Australian scientists proved that this way you can squeeze out all the good stuff in your cuppa.
28:41So, all you need to do is drop a tea bag in a cup of freshly boiled water for half
28:46a minute.
28:46Then, you need to place it in the microwave with the leaf bag still inside, and keep it brewing for
28:52one minute at 500 watts.
28:55Finally, you need to fish out the tea bag and enjoy your drink.
28:58A cup of green or white tea has more antioxidant benefits than a portion of broccoli, spinach, carrots, or strawberries.
29:07And now, all the benefits are yours.
29:10Brewing tea in a microwave is a great alternative to an electric kettle.
29:14That kitchen gadget most American households don't have, yet they're super popular in the UK.
29:21The reason is simply the difference in efficiency.
29:24Most American homes run on around 100 volts, and the UK and many other countries use between 220 and 240.
29:33The lower the voltage, the slower the speed that the appliance has.
29:37So, if we do some simple math, it will show that it would take the same kettle around a minute
29:44and a half longer to get to boiling temperature in the US than in the UK.
29:52The microwave oven that made the lives of so many people easier was invented by accident in the 1940s.
29:59Its creator, Percy Spencer, was trying to design a more efficient and effective way to mass-produce radar magnetrons.
30:12Spencer was testing one of his magnetrons when he put his hand in his pocket to have a snack.
30:17The peanut cluster bar he had inside had melted and turned into a gooey mess.
30:23So, he couldn't enjoy his snack, but he realized that something unusual had just happened.
30:28Spencer ran another test with the magnetron, this time on an egg under a tube.
30:33The egg blew up just moments later.
30:36The following day, he popped corn kernels with the new invention.
30:40And that's how the first prototype of the microwave was born.
30:44It's one of the several inventions from the 40s we still use and love today.
30:52The official birth of the mobile phone concept is 1947.
30:57It wasn't a flip phone that everyone secretly had in their pockets.
31:01Back then, AT&T proposed to the Federal Communications Commission to dish out a ton of radio spectrum frequencies to
31:09make the dream of widespread mobile telephone service a reality.
31:14Bell Laboratories introduced the idea of cellular communications the same year.
31:18The FCC didn't support the idea and limited the number of frequencies to 23 phone conversations possible at the same
31:26time in the same service area.
31:28The first call on a portable cell phone was only made in 1973.
31:34It was a prototype weighing 28 ounces.
31:40Back in the 1920s, some genius engineers were already cooking up the idea of color television.
31:46But only in the early 1940s did CBS and engineer Peter Goldmark create a system that beamed images in all
31:54three primary colors.
31:55By the 50s, color TV had already settled in the living rooms of families in the West.
32:04You wouldn't be able to spray your hair against all elements or paint a mural easily without aerosol spray can
32:11technology.
32:12It was an invention of the Department of Agriculture researchers.
32:16They created the aerosol to spray dangerous bugs.
32:19Spray cans, mostly with insecticides, became available to the public shortly after.
32:24The invention was later perfected by an American inventor and engineer, who created a crimp-on valve.
32:32His invention was made of lightweight aluminum.
32:35It made the cans cheap and practical to dispense liquids, foams, powders, and creams.
32:43In the 1940s, Swiss engineer George de Mistral went for a stroll in the woods with his dog.
32:49Suddenly, his clothes and his dog's fur turned into a magnet for hundreds of annoying cockle burrs.
32:57George got curious and whipped out a microscope to check out these burrs up close to find out their success
33:03secret.
33:03He knew this tech could be useful.
33:06So, the engineer discovered that they had tiny hooks that looked like a monster's spiky fangs.
33:12Those hooks could latch onto anything with a loop, clothing fiber, animal fur, or even human hair.
33:20De Mistral realized he could mimic this burr magic, and that's how Velcro was born.
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