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World War II With Tom Hanks S01E07 Darkness Falls englishsubtitle fullfilm❤️❤️
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00:05On April 1st, 1933, Adolf Hitler's first official act to persecute Germany's Jews is an attempt to
00:15sever them from all commercial life with a boycott. What follows over the next 12 years is an
00:22organized, sustained cruelty unparalleled in human history. It unfolds step by step. When he first
00:33grasps the enormity of the evil, Winston Churchill calls it the crime without a name. It becomes known
00:41as the Holocaust. All wars change the world, but none of them change the world like the Second
00:50World War did. Japan's on the march. Germany's on the march. No one can imagine a nightmare
00:57they're about to unleash. The most destructive war in human history. Suddenly the world is
01:04turned upside down and all hell is let loose. The West is stunned by the speed of the advance.
01:13You get the allies led by the big three. Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin. Men who are dealing with
01:21immensely complicated questions. It's the biggest military operation of human history.
01:28The allies have to come together, not just militarily, but industrial scale. It's a global
01:34perspective. They have to fight in every climate from the Arctic to the jungles of the Pacific
01:40to the deserts of Africa and the depths of the ocean.
01:46But there was no certainty of victory. It was going to be a horrific bloodbath.
01:53We see humans at their absolute worst, how they treat other human beings. And we see them
01:58at their absolute best, willing to give their lives that others might live.
02:02World War II was a struggle in which there could be one victor and one vanquish.
02:12World War II was a struggle for a war.
02:14World War II is a struggle for a while.
02:17World War II was a struggle for a long time.
02:25World War II
02:37East
02:38All forces Freddie and Azul
02:40Germany has seized Austria.
02:43Adolf Hitler, the Fuhrer, wants to take even more land in Europe.
02:51On January 30th, Hitler tells the German Reichstag that if war comes, it will not be his fault.
03:00The blame will lie with one people, the Jews.
03:26Two months later, Hitler will take all of Czechoslovakia.
03:33On September 1st, he invades Poland and World War II begins.
03:43One of the things that's critical for us to understand about the history of World War II and
03:48history of the Holocaust is that all of these things are inextricably linked together.
03:52The ebb and flow of the war itself impacts the way the Holocaust unfolds on the ground.
04:00Anti-Semitism is central to Hitler's and the Nazi Party's philosophy, which he clearly stated
04:07in his book, Mein Kampf, or My Struggle.
04:13Mein Kampf is a manifesto-slash-autobiography of the young Hitler.
04:19Hitler.
04:20It contains a rough sketch for the world as he would like it to be and an endless documentation
04:26of all the groups of people he has grievances against.
04:32Hitler.
04:32Hitler reserves his greatest grievance for Germany's Jews.
04:38He uses base metaphors to describe them, playing on long-held anti-Semitic tropes.
04:44He portrays them as exploiting or manipulating the German people.
04:51In order to understand Hitler, one has to understand the importance of race that underlines every
04:57single thing that he does.
04:59He believes that the whole human race is divided into categories.
05:06The Aryan race is at the top of that category.
05:10The Jews are at the bottom.
05:12Hitler is obsessed with Jews.
05:15He's obsessed with Jews as an eternal enemy, as impure racially, as non-German.
05:26And he believes that Germany will fulfill its destiny when it's free of Jews.
05:34In 1934, Hitler appoints himself the Fuhrer, the leader of Germany.
05:41And he will quickly turn his hatred of Jews into law.
05:50In the fall of 1935, at a Nazi gathering in Nuremberg, Hitler's deputy Hermann Göring
05:57unveils a sweeping set of legal measures targeting the country's Jewish population.
06:17The laws prohibit marriage or sexual relations between Jews and non-Jews, and strip German Jews of their citizenship.
06:29For Jews living in Germany, the Nuremberg laws are a huge turning point.
06:35It doesn't matter if you're not religious.
06:40Identity is now biological.
06:43It plants the seeds for saying Jews are a separate race that are polluting Germany.
06:51The Nazis intend to make life so difficult for German and Austrian Jews that they will want to emigrate.
06:58Around half of Germany's Jewish community of 500,000 go into exile.
07:07In November 1938, the Nazis coordinate a brutal wave of destruction and violence across Germany.
07:16Jewish businesses are looted and burned.
07:21Synagogues razed.
07:24And homes left in ruin.
07:27Jews are killed and raped.
07:31The event is called in German, Kristallnacht.
07:35The night of broken glass.
07:39The windows of Jewish shopkeepers are smashed.
07:49There's also incursions into their homes.
07:53They're kicking in the doors.
07:54They're dragging people out.
07:56They're beating them up to petrify the Jewish population.
08:02Police or military were instructed not to wear their uniforms when they went out to commit the violence on Kristallnacht
08:11to make it look like it was more spontaneous than it actually was.
08:15But it is a government coordinated terrorist attack against Jews.
08:25The morning after Kristallnacht, the Nazis arrest 30,000 Jewish men and march them off to concentration camps.
08:34I think Kristallnacht is an inflection point because it showed the Nazi government that average Germans would be willing to
08:43go along with the violence.
08:44By the late 30s, Jews living within Germany and Austria face persecution and intimidation.
08:53Even worse dangers are on the horizon.
09:10In early September 1939, German forces invade Poland.
09:25In just a few weeks, the Poles are conquered.
09:30Poland's three million Jews are now controlled by Hitler and the Nazis.
09:38When the Nazis enter Poland, they have no real coherent strategy about what they're going to do with Jews.
09:43So they start to improvise pretty quickly.
09:47And one of the things that emerges as part of this improvisation is an idea about creating ghettos.
09:55Within days of the German occupation, many Polish Jews are forced into ghettos.
10:02Jews are ordered to wear armbands and are restricted on entering and leaving.
10:10The decision is made in Warsaw to create a closed ghetto.
10:15There is movement across the gates of guards and of Poles, but not of the Jews themselves.
10:19They are locked into the ghetto.
10:21And a wall is created to restrict Jewish movement.
10:25It's a very visible signal of the racial segregation of the city of Warsaw.
10:32Over 100,000 Jews who lived in other parts of Warsaw had to move into this area.
10:37It was 1.3 square miles, so it was tiny.
10:42The circumstances of the ghettos actually create the perfect breeding grounds for disease.
10:47This is exacerbated by the fact that running water is limited and sewage systems are not adequate, especially with the
10:55size of the population.
11:01Mendel Jakubowicz is 14 when his family is sent to the ghetto in Oistrowicz, southeast Poland.
11:12He later writes,
11:15I remember that as a small boy I used to walk the ghetto streets,
11:20and I could see people dying, people screaming.
11:25There was no food, especially for the people that had no money.
11:36The Jews fight to survive in the ghetto, and even look for opportunities to resist.
11:45There were smugglers who would smuggle in food and smuggle out people sometimes.
11:51For forced labor, they would sometimes slow their work,
11:54or make sure that whatever they were told to do would be broken by the time the Nazis get it.
12:01There was all sorts of work that they were doing to try to resist as long as possible.
12:07For the first year of the war, life in the ghetto is the cruel daily reality of Poland's Jews.
12:16But Hitler is planning a new campaign, and millions of people are about to descend into horror.
12:39By mid-1941, Germany controls much of Western Europe.
12:50But Hitler's true goal is to create Lebensraum, living space, for the German people,
12:58which will be found in the east.
13:01Hitler now realized that this was the ideal moment to begin the secret planning of the invasion of Russia,
13:09the great climax of his life's work, the destruction of the entire Soviet Union, Barbarossa.
13:22For Operation Barbarossa, Hitler and his generals will deploy three army groups and three million men,
13:32supported by thousands of tanks and aircraft across a vast front.
13:40The German preparations for Barbarossa are on a scale that's almost unimaginable.
13:49This is going to be and remains the largest invasion in human history.
13:58Hitler adds another mission to the plan.
14:01He issues a directive stating in the invasion there will be special tasks.
14:08In charge of these will be Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS.
14:14If you want to know what Hitler's thinking, look at what Himmler was doing.
14:19Because Himmler was talking to and meeting Hitler very, very frequently across these periods of time.
14:25Himmler has been a member of the Nazi party since 1923.
14:32By all appearances, Heinrich Himmler seems like an ordinary human being.
14:36He was born to a good family, went to decent schools.
14:39He hooks up with various kinds of occupations.
14:43He's a chicken farmer, sells fertilizer for a time.
14:46And like so many young men of his generation, came under Hitler's spell.
14:56Himmler's mobile death squads, the Einsatzgruppen, will follow the advancing German army into Soviet territory.
15:04They have orders to move into occupied communities and kill anyone who threatens the operation.
15:12The Einsatzgruppen will follow the Wehrmacht in the Barbarossa campaign.
15:16And their task is the long-term pacification of Soviet society.
15:20They are above all targeting what they believe are the two key facets of the Soviet social system.
15:26Commissars or communist political leaders.
15:30And they particularly single out Jews.
15:34The conflict now was being raised to a new level of ideological and racial warfare.
15:41The annihilation of certain groups was encouraged, sanctioned, and ordered.
15:47And this is a dark step.
15:50The world is darkening visibly as this operation begins.
16:02In June 1941, the Wehrmacht smashes through Soviet defenses and makes rapid advances across the front.
16:10There are over five million Jews in the Soviet Union.
16:16The Jewish communities in the Soviet Union were very different from those in many parts of Eastern Europe, like Poland
16:22and Romania.
16:23They weren't generally communities of Orthodox Jews with ringlets and black hats.
16:30Jews in the Soviet Union were assimilated within the general population.
16:36In the wake of the German army, the Einsatzgruppen begin their special task.
16:43The Einsatzgruppen didn't know enough about who was Jewish, so locals would volunteer or be seized in order to give
16:50them exactly the information they wanted.
16:55There are groups within Eastern Europe of people who are already very anti-Semitic.
17:01And you will voluntarily sign up to be auxiliaries and help these units.
17:09The Einsatzgruppen usually would round up the Jewish populations.
17:12They're then assembled at a central location where they're guarded.
17:16And then marched in groups to a killing site.
17:22They would be taken to a place of execution on the edge of the town.
17:26They would be very often forced to dig pits for their own bodies.
17:32And then they would be shot into these pits.
17:39Sometimes they used wooded areas or forests, and sometimes these executions were remarkably public.
17:54They're bringing Jews to a killing site, often in family groups, forcing them to undress,
18:03and then making them lie down on the bodies of people that have already been murdered to wait to be
18:09shot themselves.
18:13This is grown men standing, aiming at another human being.
18:18It could be a man, it could be a woman, it could be a baby, and firing a gun at
18:23them.
18:25And it's happening on a huge scale, over a huge territory.
18:32Einsatzgruppen killed nearly half a million Jews in the Soviet Union
18:37in the first six months of Operation Barbarossa.
18:42Just incredible numbers of human beings murdered, you know, by shooting over and over and over again.
18:50There's a close relationship between the actual military campaign, Operation Barbarossa, and the Holocaust.
18:57The Holocaust really begins the moment they cross the border into the Soviet Union.
19:01The war enabled the entire Soviet Union to be treated as a killing zone.
19:08It meant that the lifting of norms of civilized behavior, the lifting of norms of warfare, all restraints were removed.
19:21The killing of Jews is reported back to Berlin every day.
19:26Senior Nazis discuss the next stages of Hitler's plan.
19:31Hitler's deputy Hermann Göring writes to Reinhard Heydrich,
19:36the SS official responsible for executing Nazi plans for the Jewish population.
19:43Reinhard Heydrich is one of the key figures in the SS.
19:46He's distinctly Aryan in his visage.
19:50He has icy, cold blue eyes, and his face registered almost no emotion.
19:57In late July 1941, Göring sends an official communique to Heydrich.
20:03He asks him to promptly submit an overall plan for the execution of the intended final solution of the Jewish
20:12question.
20:14This is essentially the order authorizing Heydrich to begin preparations for the final solution of the Jewish question in Europe.
20:25They're going to remove them from the world by murdering them.
20:45As the German army advances across the Soviet Union, the Wehrmacht works with units liquidating communists and Jews, the SS
20:55and particularly the Einsatzgruppen.
21:05In August, SS leader Heinrich Himmler visits Minsk in Nazi-occupied Belarusia.
21:12Himmler maintains a really close watch on what the Einsatzgruppen are doing, because ultimately they're his responsibility.
21:18So he travels a lot around the Eastern Front.
21:21Himmler realizes that the shootings are taking an emotional toll on his men.
21:28It's difficult, no matter who you are, to wake up in the morning and to shoot people all day long
21:33and then to try to go to bed at night and know that the next morning you're going to wake
21:36up and do it all over again.
21:41A massacre of 100 people is set up for him so that he can see how difficult it is to
21:46actually watch the killing of human beings, because Himmler has never had to do this before.
21:52He's never really seen death firsthand.
21:56He reacts very badly to the sight of bodies being murdered in front of him. He turns green and he
22:03almost throws up.
22:05Himmler returns to Berlin to help design ways to execute mass killings that are more efficient.
22:16On the Soviet front, the killing continues.
22:24Babi Yar is a ravine just outside Kyiv in Ukraine.
22:31In September 1941, over 33,000 Jewish men, women and children are marched here.
22:41Across two days, they are all shot.
22:45And then buried in a mass grave.
22:53The Nazis had already developed a method of mass murder.
22:59At the start of the war, Hitler authorized the killing of patients with disabilities.
23:06A euthanasia program known as T4.
23:11The T4 program, which is codenamed after Tiergartenstrasse No. 4, which is the building in Berlin that was the headquarters,
23:18was the program to murder with carbon monoxide, physically and mentally disabled Germans, because they were deemed to be drains
23:29on the state.
23:31The T4 program runs for two years before it's officially halted in August 1941.
23:39What you then have is a group of men with a particular set of skills, the use of gas to
23:45murder people, the transportation and logistics of that, the hiding of the evidence of that operation.
23:53And these people are then available to be used in another operation.
24:00The first extermination center where Jews are sent to be gassed is at Helmo, located in German-occupied Poland.
24:13The victims in the Helmo center are Jews from the ghetto of the Polish city of Lodz and the Romani,
24:20who the Nazis also regard as an inferior race.
24:26On December 8, 1941, the first Jews are killed using gas vans.
24:34They are vans where the Nazis could pipe carbon monoxide into the back of the bed of the truck.
24:42Shlama Berwinir is a Jew from central Poland who is deported to Helmo.
24:49Shlama witnesses the death of his family in gas vans.
24:55He writes about this in a letter.
24:58The leader of the guard detail was a high-ranking SS man, an absolute sadist and murderer.
25:04He ordered that eight men were to open the doors of the lorry.
25:08The smell of gas that met us was overpowering.
25:12Out of my family of about 60 people, I was the only remaining survivor.
25:17I was left alone in this world now.
25:23The war against the Jews is about to take an ominous turn as the Nazis build additional killing centers
25:30and devise new methods to destroy a people.
25:43December 1941.
25:46A villa overlooking Lake Wannsee in Berlin is the location for a gathering of officials
25:52representing different parts of the Nazi regime.
25:57The organizer of the conference is Reinhard Heydrich.
26:00The topic is the Jewish question.
26:04But the conference is postponed.
26:08The conference of Wannsee was initially scheduled on the 9th of December,
26:12but it had to be postponed because, of course, on the 7th of December 1941,
26:17the Japanese launched a massive attack on Pearl Harbor.
26:23Start against Pearl Harbor.
26:25In this island is the American Pacific fleet of the proudest of the United States.
26:38Three days after the attack at Pearl Harbor, Adolf Hitler declares war on the United States.
26:51Hitler has long predicted a world war, and now he has brought it about.
26:59In a speech, he accuses the Jews of manipulating the American president, Franklin D. Roosevelt.
27:06We know what power there is in the Russians.
27:10It is the whole Jewish who took his time.
27:14It was the Jewish who took his time.
27:16It was the Jewish who took the whole satanical attack,
27:18who took this man, but he also took it.
27:24At a briefing on December 12th, Hitler summons Nazi party leaders.
27:29In his diary, propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels writes what is discussed.
27:35The Fuhrer is determined to make a clean sweep.
27:39The world war is here.
27:41The destruction of Jewry must be the inevitable consequence.
27:49On January 20th, 1942, Nazi officials arrived at Lake Vonsay for Heydrich's rescheduled conference.
28:00The SS officers are in their full formal uniforms.
28:04They're being served cognac and canapes.
28:08It looks like a very civilized gathering.
28:10But of course, what's being discussed at the Vonsay conference is anything but civilized.
28:16The Vonsay conference is a coordination meeting.
28:20It is not a meeting to decide whether or not to kill the Jews of Europe.
28:26It's a meeting to determine how that's going to take place and what the responsibilities are of all of the
28:33bureaucratic elements of the Nazi state in achieving this goal.
28:38At the conference, Heydrich lists the number of Jews to be exterminated by the final solution.
28:47The list includes the Jews of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the Jews in France, the Netherlands, Belgium, and
28:59Scandinavian countries.
29:01It also includes Jews in countries fighting alongside Germany, such as Italy, Romania, and Hungary.
29:09Even Jews in undefeated Great Britain and neutral Ireland are included.
29:15Grand total, over 11 million.
29:21The Nazis now have a plan to implement the Holocaust.
29:29The Germans had succeeded in taking France, as well as Holland, Denmark, Norway, and so on, which meant that they
29:35suddenly had control over other massive populations of Jews.
29:41The fact that basically the whole of Europe outside Britain was now part of Hitler's Nazi empire gave a feeling
29:50that things could be done which had never been done before.
30:00Across all of Europe, a whole people are targeted for annihilation.
30:24Following the Wannsee Conference, the Nazis are working on the construction of killing centers, where people, most of them Jewish,
30:32will be sent to die.
30:35The majority are from Eastern Europe and Soviet territory.
30:40The Nazis also begin to target the Jews of Western Europe.
30:45The Holocaust begins as an Eastern phenomenon, but soon it extends to every single corner of German-controlled Europe.
30:55Amsterdam in the Netherlands, and France, and Italy, and as far north as Scandinavia, Jews are being shipped to these
31:04various new establishments in the East and murdered.
31:08In the spring of 1942, Himmler visits Amsterdam to address a police battalion specially trained to round up and deport
31:17the city's Jewish population.
31:20A few weeks after his visit, one Jewish father, Otto Frank, decides his family must go into hiding.
31:30His daughter, Anne, writes in her diary.
31:34Our many Jewish friends and acquaintances are being taken away in droves.
31:40Escape is almost impossible.
31:50In France, many Jews who fled Germany earlier now find themselves threatened along with the country's large French-Jewish population.
32:02Helene Baer, a young French-Jewish woman, writes,
32:06A wave of terror has been gripping everybody else as well these past few days.
32:11It appears that the SS have taken command in France, and that terror must follow.
32:21Over the next months, Jewish families are deported by German forces and their collaborators.
32:28They are informed they are being resettled in Eastern Europe, and told to bring belongings and valuables with them.
32:36Instead, they are being sent to the new Nazi extermination centers.
32:42They are crammed into airless, lightless railway cars, and transported hundreds of miles without food or water.
32:53Modern bureaucracies and trains enable the movement of people across Europe in huge numbers, which had really never been seen
33:03before.
33:04There are four major extermination centers.
33:08Chelmo, Treblinga, Sobobor, and Belzec.
33:13There are two additional extermination centers, which also serve as forced labor camps.
33:19Madonic and Auschwitz.
33:22All of these centers are located in Poland.
33:27In the centers, the Nazis designed methods to kill as many people in as short a time as possible, including
33:35using diesel engines.
33:39The Nazis pumped carbon monoxide from these engines into the chambers themselves.
33:43They killed a lot of people.
33:45That doesn't necessarily mean that they were as kind of efficient in that process as is somehow supposed.
33:51These were very crude places, they were very improvisational places, and they were spaces of extraordinary and appalling suffering.
34:07At Auschwitz, the Nazis use a pesticide called Zyklon B.
34:14Zyklon B is a cyanide derivative, originally for exterminating vermin, for killing rodents in your house.
34:22It's a blue crystal. You open the can and it emits a poison gas.
34:28They also begin construction on an extension to Auschwitz, in the neighboring village of Berkenau.
34:35The site is solely dedicated to extermination, and has several gas chambers.
34:44When Jews arrive at Auschwitz-Berkenau, they are sorted into two groups.
34:49Those who are determined fit for forced labor, and those who are not.
34:56Mendel Yakubowicz is deported from the Polish ghetto to Auschwitz.
35:01He describes his arrival.
35:05The SS people were walking up and down.
35:08I stood at attention on my toes.
35:12Finally, after a while, I was chosen to the right.
35:16Some of my friends to the left.
35:19Mendel is selected to join a work battalion.
35:24His family is sent to the gas chamber.
35:30The people who had been brought into the gas chambers would be separated into men and women and children.
35:36They'd all be herded into this room.
35:38They told them that they were going there to be showered.
35:43They would be given fabric ties to tie their shoes together under the ruse that it would be easier to
35:48find their pair afterwards.
35:51The Nazis want to cram as many people into the gas chambers as possible, because that generates this environment of
35:58high heat and humidity, which creates the hydrogen cyanide gas.
36:08The scenes that followed after that defy imagination.
36:14Quite often you would find families or loved ones that were clutching each other so tightly that it was impossible
36:20to pull their arms apart from each other.
36:26The victims are cremated.
36:30A perpetual pall of death hangs over the area.
36:35It was generally the case that people since death camps were murdered within about 45 minutes to two hours of
36:40arrival.
36:42The creation of the extermination camps is Hitler's final solution to the Jewish question.
36:49An industrial scale system to mass murder human beings in their thousands every day.
36:57Just the pinnacle of evil.
37:04This is murder on an industrial scale.
37:08But each death is uniquely suffered.
37:18In the summer of 1942, Himmler visits the extermination center at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
37:25He watches enslaved prisoners working in a chemical plant.
37:30And sees train cars of Jews arriving to be murdered.
37:34Himmler later attends a dinner party where he explains that the Nazis have murdered two million Jews and will continue
37:41to do so.
37:44His boasts make their way to a Western intelligence agent who passes the information to a German exile living in
37:52neutral Switzerland, Gerhard Rigner.
37:57Gerhard Rigner, who worked for the World Jewish Congress, learns from a German businessman that the Nazis have a plan.
38:04They are trying to round up, deport, and murder the remaining Jewish communities of Europe.
38:12Shocked by what he hears, Rigner attempts to get this information to Rabbi Stephen Wise.
38:20Rabbi Stephen Wise is the head of the World Jewish Congress and maybe the most influential American rabbi and maybe
38:27one of the most influential American Jews at the time.
38:29He has a relationship with President Roosevelt.
38:36Rigner's message gets to the U.S. State Department, but officials treat it like a war rumor and don't pass
38:43it on.
38:44The State Department refuses to send this information to Rabbi Wise.
38:49They call it an unreliable war rumor and they bury it.
38:54Why are we going to get people riled up about this if it's just probably a war rumor?
38:58There's no way that the Nazis are actually doing this. And so they shelve it.
39:02But Rigner persists. He reaches a British member of parliament who contacts Rabbi Wise by telegram.
39:10The U.S. State Department now investigates the report.
39:14But the Roosevelt administration is not ready to take it public.
39:21They had a feeling that American soldiers would not agree to fight if they believed that they were being asked
39:28to fight for the rescue of European Jews.
39:30We're fighting for these ideas of democracy and idealism. We're not fighting for the Jews.
39:38After their investigation, the State Department allows Rabbi Wise to share the information about the mass murder of the Jews.
39:47The news spreads around the globe and Jewish communities react.
39:53The world is beginning to learn the truth.
39:57At the beginning of December, there's a day of mourning, not just in the United States, not just in Britain,
40:02but internationally.
40:04There are vigils. There are ceremonies and services in synagogues across the Western Hemisphere.
40:12And then finally, on December 17th, the Allied governments issue what is called the Allied Declaration on Atrocities.
40:18And they are condemning in very strong language what the Nazis and their collaborators are doing.
40:24They are using phrases like cold-blooded extermination and bloody atrocities.
40:30Roosevelt, particularly, is very concerned. And Churchill is appalled as well.
40:34He says the best thing that we can do to help Europe's Jews is to win this war as quickly
40:40as possible.
40:40And we need to divert all of our resources in service of doing just that.
40:46They knew that these mass killings were happening.
40:49I don't think they could imagine quite the scale of the infrastructure that the Nazis had devoted to this.
40:55I think that the leaders had not quite grasped the extent of it.
41:01In 1933, Hitler's perverse vision was to expel the Jews from Germany.
41:07By 1942, he is on the verge of exterminating the entire Jewish population of Europe.
41:21After two years in hiding, Anne Frank and her sister are discovered by Dutch police officers and sent to a
41:28Nazi extermination center.
41:30They eventually die of typhus just weeks before the end of the war.
41:37Hélène Baer is deported from Paris to Auschwitz and then to Bergen-Belsen, where she also dies from typhus, April
41:451945.
41:48Schlama Baer Wiener writes a report about the gas vans at Helmo, hoping to bring the truth to the world.
41:57But he is found by the Nazis and deported to Belzec, where he is murdered in the gas chambers.
42:05Mendel Yakubovich survives Auschwitz and moves to the United States after the war.
42:12He changes his name to Mike Jacobs and founds a scrapped metal business in Dallas, Texas.
42:22The Holocaust, the Shoah, will continue until Nazi Germany is defeated and the Third Reich is completely destroyed.
42:32In 1942, the Allies gather their forces for a massive assault on the Wehrmacht in North Africa.
42:40and the Frenchuls has broken of and spooky beams.
42:42The Holocaust isopathic murdered in the Internationalでは weeks until the Russians caught apples.
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