00:04Hola, soy Ana Cristina Olvera y les doy la bienvenida a este nuevo episodio de Iberoamérica
00:10en órbita, el lugar donde exploramos el fascinante mundo de la ciencia y la tecnología espacial
00:15que está transformando nuestro futuro. Este programa es posible gracias a la colaboración
00:20y las plataformas de nuestros socios de ATEI. En el programa de hoy conoceremos a una nueva
00:27generación de científicos e incientíficas e ingenieros que están ampliando las fronteras
00:32de la exploración espacial. Desde el trabajo de Daniel Hernández, ingeniero latino en la NASA que
00:38investiga cómo será la vida fuera de la Tierra, hasta la investigación de Miriam Nassim, quien
00:43estudia entornos extremos en la Antártida para entender mundos como Europa y Encélado, dos miradas
00:51que conectan la tecnología, la ciencia y la búsqueda de vida más allá de nuestro planeta.
00:57Estás en Iberoamérica en órbita.
01:17Daniel Hernández es parte de una nueva generación de ingenieros que están redefiniendo la exploración
01:24espacial. De origen latino y con base en la NASA, su trabajo refleja no solo avances tecnológicos,
01:30sino también el creciente papel de la comunidad hispana en misiones clave. Desde Houston ha liderado
01:37proyectos que buscan entender cómo será la vida fuera de la Tierra, integrando ciencia,
01:43ingeniería y el factor humano.
01:46El mejor parte de mi trabajo es que tengo que trabajar en la corte.
01:50Tengo que interactuar con no solo individuos, sino con la hardware y la ciencia que nos llevará a la
02:01Mundo, a Mars y ser parte de la equipo que nos llevará a esa siguiente frontera. Ser parte de la
02:07equipo que
02:08va a hacer que la humanidad sea un interplanetario interplanetario.
02:22Hola, soy Daniel Hernández y soy una
02:24Space Exploration Analog Project Manager here at NASA. An analog is an opportunity for scientists
02:31and engineers to expand and explore their understanding of a particular environment
02:38or particular set of science-based projects before we actually introduce them into a real-life
02:47scenario. CHAPEA is a Mars-forward analog specifically focused on what we call the surface
02:56segment of a Mars mission and that's where our Mars astronauts would be living on the surface
03:04of Mars. We're performing this particular project because we are wanting to make sure that we're
03:09getting ready and we are prepared for long-duration exploration-type missions like the Moon and even
03:16Mars. The significance of CHAPEA is that we have a crew that is living in isolation and confinement
03:25for the duration of a year and we hope to understand the different crew dynamics, the behavior and health
03:34and performance of those crew members while they are living in a long-term isolated and confined
03:42environment with a level of resource restrictions. As a Exploration Project Manager, I am directly
03:51responsible for making sure that the team as a whole is collaborating and by team I'm talking about the
04:00scientists, the engineers and the mission control operators. I also have a responsibility to make
04:08sure that I'm managing the budget, that I'm also making sure that the project is on track and on
04:14schedule and we have everything in place for mission success. The CHAPEA Habitat is a 3D printed
04:22structure. It is approximately 1,700 square feet so it's like the size of a small to medium-sized home
04:32and it
04:33has you know some similarities to a house. You have the rooms where our crew members live. The difference
04:40is that they're all identical in size to each other but we also have a common space or our galley
04:49area
04:49where crew would commonly meet there for downtime or that's where they have their meals. And then the
04:56largest part of our habitat is really the work room space and so this is where crew spends really a
05:03large
05:04amount of their time throughout the course of the mission where they are performing different tasks
05:10and activities that we would expect a Mars crew to perform. That's everything from growing crops to
05:19performing science and engineering activities to even exploring our simulated Martian environment as EVAs or
05:28extravehicular activities. This is our opportunity to really understand the different things that we
05:36need to start planning for so in a nutshell an analog is an opportunity for us to test in a
05:44very safe
05:44environment before actually moving there. As a kid you know I loved to tinker and take things apart just to
05:53learn why and how things worked. So everything from the family radio to the family tv whether that meant I
06:03could put it back together after I took it apart is a different story. My fondest memories growing up were
06:08actually working under the hood of our family car with my mom pulling out alternators and swapping
06:15things out everything from oil changes and brake changes. I never thought that tinkering actually was
06:21associated to engineering looking back at it it had everything to do with engineering it was an
06:27opportunity to explore my imagination to be curious and just really develop that understanding of how things
06:35work and why things are connected. So some advice that I would give to someone who wants to work for
06:42NASA
06:42or to even jump into the STEM field engineering is that no one path is linear and I know mine
06:50wasn't.
06:51Failing is a part of the process of learning to create the products to create the engineering marvels
06:59that we have today. Embrace those opportunities where you fail because it's an opportunity to improve upon yourself
07:08make yourself better trust the journey that you're on trust the path that you're on because it's going to lead
07:15you to
07:15where you're meant to be.
07:18Miriam Nassim es candidata a doctorado de la Universidad de Maryland e investigadora vinculada
07:26a la NASA Goddard y su trabajo la ha llevado a la Antártida para estudiar océanos bajo el hielo por
07:33su similitud con mundos como Europa y Encelado. En esta entrevista explica cómo analiza estos entornos
07:40extremos para entender la posible existencia de vida fuera de la tierra y cómo sus resultados ayudan a
07:46interpretar futuras misiones espaciales.
07:50My name is Miriam Nassim. I'm a PhD candidate at the University of Maryland College Park
07:56and I work with NASA Goddard on my research. I was in Antarctica from December, mid-December
08:03to early January, around three weeks. We went from Buenos Aires, boarded a polar ice breaking ship
08:11there to go to Antarctica. When we were out there, the goals were to collect natural samples of deep
08:18ocean water as well as sea ice brine. And these are analogs to icy ocean worlds in the outer solar
08:27systems. And so we wanted to collect these terrestrial Earth-based samples, bring them back
08:32to our laboratory and test it in a simulated environment where we inject these samples into
08:39a vacuum chamber that simulates space conditions. These are really intriguing icy ocean worlds,
08:45so kilometers of ice via liquid water subsurface ocean, which could be a potential habitat for life.
08:51And places like Antarctica on Earth, extremely remote, ice covered, might be similar to conditions on
08:57these ocean worlds. So we look for water, we look for chemical energy, we look for bio-essential elements.
09:04So despite the fact that these ocean worlds are completely ice covered, we might have similar
09:09processes and ecosystems. This is really interesting because it provides access to a potential
09:15sample now without having to land, which we could be potentially already seeing a glimpse of the
09:21chemistry of that ocean. For me, my research looks directly at how is that eruption process, and
09:28particularly vacuum exposure, changing the chemistry of that plume water. And our findings were that the
09:33bulk abundances stays pretty similar after the vacuum exposure process. So what you see when you sample
09:40the plume might be representative of the organic composition in the ocean. There's so many complex
09:46interactions happening. There's also radiation also changes their composition and chemistry. This setup we
09:53injected into this vacuum chamber. A lot of these studies, they are helping to inform future
09:58interpretations. It can also help the design of future mission concepts to these ocean worlds. The bar is
10:04really high for saying that we've found life. Organic compounds and molecules are also generated by
10:10non-biological processes. For me, a mission would have to be able to get to
10:15the subsurface ocean and do in situ sampling of that ocean, to convince me that yes, we've found a signature
10:22potential life.
10:23Thank you very much for being part of Iberoamérica en órbita. Este espacio de
10:32aprendizaje no sería posible sin la colaboración y plataformas de los socios de ATEI, en especial
10:38el ILSE, y las agencias informativas AFP, EFE, Xinhua y la Dochevele. Para saber más sobre el espacio y
10:45otras historias, encuéntranos en la web como noticiasNCC.com y en las redes sociales nos encuentras como
10:54arrobaNCCIberoamérica, Enex, Facebook, Instagram y Dailymotion. Yo soy Ana Cristina Olvera y nos vemos en el
11:01siguiente episodio entre las estrellas.
