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02:48While Ike was building an army of cowboys, Wyatt Earp was building one of his own.
03:05At a ranch belonging to an Earp supporter, he collected money to pay for more men, supplies, and fresh horses.
03:15Wells Fargo was actively involved in all of this. They provide him with funds.
03:22There's big money involved here, and that's how Wyatt can engage in this so-called vendetta ride.
03:34Wyatt had everything he needed for a final battle with Ike.
03:48Ike had found a way to stoke up the flames of the past.
03:53And from those flames, the south would rise again.
04:02Now, with an army of cowboys, Ike could take over Tombstone.
04:12The town would be their fortress.
04:20You're either with the cowboys or against them.
04:42The crime rates, especially the homicide rates in Arizona Territory in this period, were off the charts.
04:49They range from 30 to almost 60 times the modern homicide rate.
04:57Your odds of getting killed in Arizona Territory were about the same as a combat infantryman in South Vietnam.
05:27And now, Ike was thinking even bigger.
05:32Every week, two million dollars' worth of silver leaves Tombstone.
05:38Silver that belongs to us!
05:40HALOAAARurs
05:40linking
05:43...
05:45...
06:11Martin Peel was a young mining engine
06:15who was murdered when several of the cowboys
06:18raided the mining office across the river from Charleston,
06:24not far from Tombstone.
06:28The newspapers were all over the story.
06:31You see, nothing was stolen.
06:34By the looks of it, the cowboys had assassinated an innocent person
06:38to make a point to the north.
06:42Because Ike didn't just target any old silver mine.
06:48The Tombstone Milling and Mining Company was hugely symbolic.
06:53It was the site where the first streak of silver was discovered in the area
06:59and gave rise to a silver rush that brought in thousands of outsiders
07:03from the north hoping to get rich.
07:08Now Ike had sent them a message.
07:12Arizona belonged to the south,
07:14and everyone else should get the hell out.
07:34The murder of Martin Peel made headlines across the country.
07:40If the cowboys were now targeting silver mines,
07:43they would stop the flow of silver,
07:45and America's economy would crash.
07:49J.P. Morgan knew something needed to be done.
07:53The president had to act.
07:57Telegraph this to the White House.
07:59Whatever it took, the cowboys had to be stopped.
08:12President Arthur got the message loud and clear.
08:16He had to find a way to end the Cowboy War.
08:21As far as he was concerned,
08:23there was only one person who knew how to end wars,
08:27and that was William Tecumseh Sherman.
08:37One of the most feared Union generals of the Civil War.
08:45Chester A. Arthur decides to send the commanding general of the Federal Army,
08:51William Tecumseh Sherman,
08:53to investigate what's going on in Arizona.
08:56Now, remember, Sherman is the one who orchestrated the march to the sea.
09:02He's the guy who burnt down Atlanta, as far as the south is concerned,
09:06and then destroyed plantations and towns all the way across Georgia,
09:11and then up the coast of the Confederacy.
09:14You really couldn't have picked a more provocative individual
09:18than William Tecumseh Sherman to investigate what was going on.
09:28So Sherman gets there, and he's asking around, looks around,
09:32and he reports back to Washington.
09:33This is not good.
09:35There really is a problem here with the violence.
09:40The state of affairs in Tombstone
09:45has reached a crisis.
09:47Business is paralyzed.
09:49Nothing can get in.
09:51Nothing can get out.
09:52Silver mines have ceased to operate in the town.
09:56Anarchy prevails.
09:58Sherman's report confirmed what Arthur had feared,
10:02that the cowboys were growing more violent and powerful by the day,
10:06terrorizing the local community.
10:08At the same time, Wyatt Earp, who was supposed to be the law,
10:13was on a killing spree of his own and showed no signs of stuff.
10:19It was clear that the federal government had to step in.
10:37Meanwhile, in Arizona,
10:39Wyatt Earp received word that representatives from Wells Fargo,
10:43the company that was supporting his Vendetta ride,
10:46wanted to meet with him.
11:01Gentlemen.
11:11Wyatt, first off,
11:12we just want you to know
11:13that we appreciate everything you've done.
11:17Right.
11:18But, uh,
11:20we were just wondering
11:23when all this is going to stop.
11:29When the war with Ike is over,
11:34things have gotten a bit out of hand.
11:36You know what he did to his brother.
11:38We do.
11:41But it's time to move on.
11:45Well,
11:47I'm not stopping until Ike's dead.
11:53The Wyatt Earp Vendetta Ride is a path strewn with violence.
11:58It is a bloody, murderous act
12:00where defenseless people are slain.
12:07You're an outlaw.
12:11He's not bringing people in.
12:17He's not bringing people in.
12:19There's no due process.
12:22He has made himself judge, jury, and executioner.
12:29He's an outlaw.
12:32Wyatt becomes a bit of a Frankenstein's monster
12:34for Wells Fargo,
12:36because on one hand,
12:37he's taking out a bunch of cowboys,
12:39but on the other hand,
12:39he's generating a lot of press
12:41about the mayhem and violence in the Southwest.
12:45Now that Wyatt Earp was widely seen
12:47as part of the problem,
12:50Wells Fargo needed to distance themselves from him.
12:57Don't forget,
12:58just two weeks earlier,
13:00Wells Fargo was funding his Vendetta Ride.
13:03They even gave him $150
13:04for hunting down Frank Stilwell and Curly Bill,
13:09and marked it down as a business expense
13:12in their annual ledger.
13:14But now Wells Fargo had a problem.
13:17If Wyatt was arrested
13:19and word got out
13:19that they were financing an assassin,
13:22that would be the mother of all scandals.
13:26So you see this all the time,
13:28a big corporation backing someone
13:30and then dropping them once they become toxic.
13:34No.
13:36This stops
13:38when I get Ike and his cowboys.
14:00Back in Washington,
14:02President Arthur was weighing the advice
14:05from General Sherman,
14:06which was basically,
14:07if you want to restore law and order in Arizona,
14:10send in federal troops.
14:13But Arthur knew he couldn't send in the Army.
14:16He tried that before,
14:17and the Southerners in Congress
14:19had shut him down.
14:21So Arthur found another way
14:23that didn't require congressional approval.
14:32President Arthur had a special army formed,
14:36a local militia,
14:38who were called the Rangers.
14:41They had no political affiliation.
14:43They didn't represent North or South.
14:46And they had one purpose,
14:48to rid Arizona of outlaws.
14:54Atlanta and South.
15:10Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha!
15:15Uh, my!
15:16Let's go.
15:46But he soon got his answer.
15:51On May 3rd, 1882, President Chester Arthur issued a proclamation.
16:00President Arthur's proclamation is wordy and full of legal jargon.
16:04But the message is clear.
16:06The cowboys have until May 15th to get out of Arizona or be killed.
16:24We're gonna get you, I.
16:26You're dead, my baby.
16:28You're in a tetronome.
16:29String me to raise my hand.
16:55Once the government turned its full attention to the cowboy problem in Arizona,
17:04Ike realized his time was up.
17:15So what did he do?
17:20He did what he did best.
17:22Don't kill me!
17:25Shit, they've seen him.
17:30He ran.
17:31He ran.
17:31He ran.
17:34He ran.
17:43He ran.
17:44He ran.
18:04Things have gotten a bit out of hand.
18:07Why?
18:08Please.
18:17We were just wondering when all this is going to stop.
18:23You call that justice?
18:25I only have the horses.
18:26I only have the horses.
18:29He's not bringing people in.
18:31There's no due process.
18:35You're an outlaw.
18:56You're an outlaw.
18:56Wyatt rode off on the vendetta and changed almost immediately.
19:00He went from being anti-vigilante to the ultimate vigilante.
19:05Remember, this is a man who spent his life avoiding killing people.
19:12Wyatt Earp was protecting his family, but it was murder.
19:16And there's no way around that.
19:20Wyatt was left with a tough decision.
19:25Whether to go after Ike and fulfill the promise he made to his brother or end the vendetta.
19:42By the beginning of May, 1882, Wyatt and Doc had left Arizona and were on a train heading to Colorado.
19:53Wyatt had made his decision.
19:56The vendetta ride was over.
20:04Wyatt and Doc really have no choice but to flee.
20:07It's either kill or be killed in Arizona.
20:10And, of course, they're losing the support of, you know, the business interests that are trying to tone down violence.
20:19Everybody kind of felt, enough's enough.
20:22And so there was a deal offered to Wyatt, you know, just disappear, things quiet down, we arrange a presidential
20:29pardon, and you'll be able to come back.
20:34But one question remained.
20:37One of the mysteries of this entire saga is why didn't he go after Ike?
20:42This is the guy who was the cause of the trouble from the O.K. Corral on forward, and yet
20:48he's the one he doesn't go after, and it's still a mystery.
20:57With Wyatt Earp and Ike Clanton gone, peace returned to the town of Tombstone.
21:05This war between the Earps and the Cowboys never came to a settled finish.
21:12Wyatt and his friends left the territory, and the Cowboys gradually vanished.
21:20The Cowboy War was finally over.
21:32Which you'd think would be good news for J.P. Morgan and his investors.
21:38But you'd be wrong.
21:44You see, President Arthur's threat to impose martial law in Arizona may have gotten rid of the Cowboys.
21:52But Southerners were up in arms about it.
22:00When you have an unpopular president threatening to forcibly put down a Southern insurrection,
22:05it's going to drum up old animosities between North and South.
22:12Just five months after the Proclamation,
22:15in America's midterm elections,
22:18Arthur's Republican Party lost in a landslide to the Democrats.
22:23The Party of the South.
22:29If he wasn't the most disliked president already,
22:33he certainly was now.
22:36He was also a president with no powers,
22:39who could only stand by and watch as the North-South divide grew to such a point
22:44that people were again talking about America being two countries.
22:53And that's when J.P. Morgan had had enough,
22:56and decided on a new course of action.
23:03Men like Morgan exerted their influence by funding the campaigns and candidacies of elected representatives.
23:11There was no category of political contributions.
23:14You didn't have to fill out a form.
23:16You didn't have to declare what you did.
23:18You just gave a candidate who you thought was going to serve your interests money.
23:23Morgan dropped his support for Chester Arthur,
23:26and backed another candidate.
23:31Grover Cleveland.
23:34He was the governor of New York.
23:39But he became the presidential candidate for the Democrats, the Party of the South.
23:47And that was the genius of the entire thing.
23:53To take someone from the North and make them the candidate of the South.
24:01With financial support from J.P. Morgan,
24:05Cleveland went on to win the election.
24:10So Grover Cleveland was the first Democrat elected since the Civil War.
24:14And there was a sense that Grover Cleveland was going to reunite the nation.
24:20And that worked perfectly for J.P. Morgan.
24:23Because to his foreign investors, a reunited America was a safe place to put their money.
24:33Which meant that Morgan could make his big move.
24:44Buying up America's railroads.
24:49J.P. Morgan wanted to organize the railroads in a way that created the most efficient national railroad system
24:55that could make tons of money for investors and facilitate business.
24:59That's really his primary motivation.
25:03Once Morgan consolidated the railroads, he turned them into engines of industry.
25:10Morgan's empire is built in these years, and railroads are the linchpin.
25:14Once you have the railroads, almost anything is possible.
25:17You're able to ship goods and services and people much more seamlessly throughout the country.
25:22And it's only then that you really create a unified American economic system.
25:28As trains brought more people, resources, and money into the West,
25:34the once vast frontier became more developed.
25:38And the Wild West wasn't wild any longer.
25:43Really what it's about is the establishment of law and order.
25:47The confidence that American citizens can have in moving to some far-flung part of the nation
25:53and enjoying the same rights, responsibility, safety, and security they could in more established communities.
26:03It's the end of the Old West.
26:06There's telephones, there's rail line connections.
26:10Um, it's, it's a different world.
26:13You know, those Old West lawmen, those famous outlaws, the cowboys,
26:19that's a world that's gone, that, that they can no longer survive, they can no longer exist.
26:26And it was in this new world that Wyatt and Doc met for the last time.
26:34They parted ways after the end of the cowboy war and hadn't seen each other for five years.
26:49Hey.
26:51Thanks for making the journey.
26:53It was nothing.
26:57Wyatt had heard that Doc's tuberculosis had returned with a vengeance.
27:07Did I ever tell you about the time Doc saved my life?
27:10About ten times.
27:14His life was so extraordinary because he should have been a dentist in Georgia
27:21and he would have died in obscurity.
27:26And instead, he takes this different path.
27:34And now he's one of the most famous characters of the American West.
27:41Wyatt knew that Doc didn't have long to live.
27:49Goodbye, Wyatt.
27:55Goodbye, Doc.
28:13Shortly after seeing Wyatt, Doc died.
28:21He was only 36.
28:28Now, there was always a question about whether or not Ike Clanton ever went back to Tombstone.
28:35Some have wondered if he was the one who started the fire in order to send a message.
28:46If I can't have Tombstone, then no one can.
28:55Yeah!
29:15Tombstone was burned to the ground.
29:21The fire was devastating. It swept through town, destroying almost every building and causing more than a half a million
29:29dollars in damages.
29:30Ironically, the one thing that remains in the ashes and rubble of the town of Tombstone is the sign for
29:36the OK Corral.
29:44What we do know is that after leaving Tombstone,
29:49Ike Clanton went back to stealing cattle.
30:00Until a detective caught up with him.
30:04And this time, Ike didn't escape.
30:12Ike Clanton was shot dead.
30:15He died the same year as Doc Holliday and was 40 years old.
30:21As for Wyatt, well, he and Josephine married and spent the rest of their lives together.
30:32Wyatt tried his hand at several jobs, from gambler to gold miner.
30:37But he remained haunted by what people thought of him.
30:41Accusations that he was a murderer followed him wherever he went.
30:46Ultimately, the story of Wyatt Earp is tragic.
30:49I mean, he was not a happy man.
30:50He was not happy with his reputation.
30:53And he did not like the idea that he was going to go down in history as this outlaw.
30:58And he's kind of haunted by this, all the way to the end.
31:02But when Wyatt was in his 70s, he tried one last time to clear his name.
31:08In a small town in California.
31:11But again, what's the really cool thing about you?
31:11What you gonna do?
31:22Are you gonna fight this time?
31:26Or are you gonna run?
31:27I don't have it.
31:43Cut!
31:56Did we get it?
31:59Wyatt Earp ended up in Hollywood,
32:02working as a consultant on early westerns.
32:06Is that good?
32:08Yeah. Thanks.
32:11It gave him the chance to set the record straight
32:14and tell his own story.
32:20Only he died before that could happen.
32:24He was 80 years old.
32:28What's interesting with the story of Wyatt Earp
32:30is he was a complicated man.
32:32He wasn't purely a good guy,
32:33he wasn't purely a bad guy.
32:36But when that story gets picked up by Hollywood,
32:39Hollywood tends to translate reality
32:42into good guys and bad guys.
32:44Black hats versus white hats.
32:46And so, in a way, Hollywood then takes this story.
32:52And there is a kind of revival
32:54of the reputation of Wyatt Earp,
32:56just as he had hoped.
32:58And in movies, and in legend,
33:01the true winner is Wyatt Earp,
33:03because Wyatt Earp survived
33:04with this amazing reputation.
33:07He truly became a hero.
33:11And it's the legend that has really painted our minds
33:16and changed our consciousness about what the West was.
33:20In all American history,
33:22it's the Old West that was glamorized.
33:25We needed that for a national identity.
33:28And so we made it what we wanted it to be.
33:32The legends of the Old West continue to echo through time,
33:36and none more so than the stories of Wyatt Earp,
33:40the gunfight at the O.K. Corral,
33:43and the Cowboy War.
33:44The Jedi.
33:49The Jedi.
33:51The Jedi.
34:00The Jedi.
34:03The Jedi.
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