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مسلسل Ancient Apocalypse مترجم - Episode 1
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00:12For those who don't know me, I'm Graham Hancock.
00:18I've been exploring the possibility of a lost civilization in prehistory for more than 30 years.
00:29Archaeology claims that if there were such a thing as a lost civilization, they would have found it already.
00:38Well, I profoundly disagree with that.
00:42And now my quest continues.
00:48In a part of the world often overlooked by historians of humanity's origins.
00:55The oldest dates that we got were about 13,200 before the present.
01:01Exploring some of the world's most intriguing ancient wonders.
01:06There's numerology, there's mathematics, there's astronomy.
01:11This could be considered lost technology.
01:15And making new discoveries.
01:18Wow.
01:23It's a hotspot.
01:25It's a hotspot.
01:27I mean, as a kid, I always thought the timeline was off.
01:33All with a radical new proposition in mind.
01:38Could the key to discovering a lost civilization of the Ice Age lie here?
01:43In the Americas?
01:44No.
01:55I'm here to remember.
01:59No.
02:02No.
02:04I mean, in therutiia is not true.
02:06Come on.
02:07Come on.
02:07I mean, in the beaut fulfills below this.
02:08Yes.
02:11You have heard his line of hearing.
02:14None.
02:19The quest for our origins and the quest for the origins of civilization are fundamental
02:28to what it is to being human.
02:32But I think it's partly human nature.
02:35If we're convinced that something doesn't exist, we don't look for it.
02:48My search for those origins has led me here, to one of the most striking places in North
02:55America, White Sands.
03:05This is a land of austere beauty and strangeness that's been hiding a secret for thousands
03:11of years.
03:14A secret now unveiled that's forcing a rewrite of the prehistory of the Americas.
03:21Until the 1990s, we were taught that deep in the Ice Age, humans migrated from North
03:27Asia to Alaska, across the Bering Land Bridge.
03:31Then around 13,500 years ago, walked south through an ice-free corridor before spreading
03:38across the Americas.
03:41A scenario held so firmly, for so long, that few archaeologists went looking for traces
03:48of any earlier human migration.
03:54For a very long time, there's been this conviction that evidence would not be found of a human
03:58presence older than 13,500 years ago.
04:02It turns out that idea was wrong, very wrong.
04:10White Sands National Park's resource manager David Bustos began working here in 2005, hoping
04:18to share with others his passion for this pristine wilderness and its wildlife.
04:24But he soon found himself on the trail of something else.
04:29Something that seemed crazy at first.
04:33I think about 2006, I heard a story about footprints of a Bigfoot and there was a government trapper
04:42that found these amazing prints.
04:44He described them being 22 inches across and 8 inches wide.
04:48What could that be?
04:49It must be a Bigfoot.
04:50And I think a lot of people gave him a hard time, there's no Bigfoot.
04:54But I was thinking, I've seen these.
04:57And so we went out and when we brushed out the footprints, you could see they had incredible
05:03claw marks.
05:05Obviously, this was no Bigfoot.
05:09He did find a big footprint of a giant ground sloth.
05:12That's what they were.
05:13They were giant ground sloths.
05:16They knew the prints must be very old.
05:20Giant ground sloths went extinct around 11,500 years ago.
05:28Then David and his colleagues found even larger prints nearby from mammoths, also long extinct.
05:36Some of the gate and stride can be 13 feet long.
05:40Really incredible.
05:43Look a little bit further, you'll find the giant camel, American camel.
05:47Sometimes you'll see dire wolves.
05:51All these tracks are from megafauna, giant mammals which suddenly vanished at the end of
05:56the last ice age.
06:00Many a little more than compacted sand, buried and protected by layers of sediment over thousands
06:06of years, until erosion brought them back to the surface.
06:14Among these ancient mammoth tracks, David also spotted another intriguing set of prints.
06:23And he and his colleagues decided to take a closer look.
06:29When we brushed out these other footprints, we've seen really nice clear toe impressions
06:34in the heel.
06:37Human footprints.
06:38Human footprints.
06:39At the same age it appeared to be as the megafauna.
06:43It was really amazing.
06:45Incredible.
06:46Yeah.
06:51These fossilized human footprints must have been made in the time of the mammoths and the giant
06:56sloths.
06:58That's at least 11,500 years ago.
07:03And there are thousands of them.
07:12There's something intimate and special about white sands.
07:16It's not tools.
07:18It's not a broken femur from a prey animal that's been butchered.
07:23It's human footprints.
07:25It's us.
07:29We are seeing the human presence very intimately and very directly in those footprints.
07:39But when were they left here exactly?
07:43Just how old are these footprints?
07:49There's no technology that can date them directly.
07:53So the National Park Service teamed up with the U.S. Geological Survey to search for more
07:59evidence.
08:04And they struck gold, finding layer upon layer of animal and human tracks going deep into
08:11the past.
08:16Buried among them were seeds from an aquatic grass, seeds that could be carbon dated.
08:26And the results were astounding.
08:33We know that the footprints were here for thousands of years.
08:37At least from 23,000 years to 21,000 years.
08:48The discovery of human footprints at White Sands is a huge step forward in our understanding
08:56of the peopling of the Americas.
08:59We're looking at absolutely incontrovertible evidence that humans were present in New Mexico, deep
09:05in the Ice Age, as much as 23,000 years ago.
09:11It's proof that long before it was possible to spread south into the Americas through that
09:16ice-free corridor, humans were already here.
09:24This changes the history of the Americas, and it changes the history of the world.
09:33These are human beings just like us, but human beings concealed behind the veil of time.
09:39And our task now is to lift that veil back and re-establish that connection with our ancestors and with
09:47the remote past.
09:54The footprints hold special meaning and significance for the indigenous communities of this area.
10:03Kim Pascual Charlie of the Pueblo of Acoma consulted with the team on this groundbreaking discovery.
10:12Tell me about the relationship of the Acoma to the land.
10:16How long have your people been here?
10:19Are there myths and traditions about an origin story of your people?
10:23Yes. Our origin story started somewhere in the north area.
10:27And through our migration story that has been passed down from generation to generation,
10:32we settled here and there, coming down here.
10:34And that's where my people stayed.
10:37We've been in the southwest for a very long time.
10:40Yeah.
10:41To Kim and her people, these prints are far more than archaeological records.
10:48Your ancestors left their footprints.
10:51I understand you were involved in finding some of those footprints.
10:53Yes. There's no words to describe.
10:58We've come to see where our ancestor once walked this earth.
11:09And to place my hands in the little footprints of children.
11:17You know, and it gets very emotional.
11:20Yeah.
11:20You know, it's, I, I'm sorry, Graham, but it's just, there are times that makes you want to cry.
11:27Absolutely.
11:27You know.
11:29But once the footprints are exposed, the same process of erosion that revealed them
11:34will slowly start to erase them.
11:38These footprints, which testify to the ancient presence of your people,
11:42are also fragile.
11:44Right.
11:44They could, they could easily be lost.
11:46You know, maybe 50 years from now, the next generation won't be able to see the footprints.
11:52Yeah.
11:52But the stories will continue.
11:55Our stories will continue.
12:03But the barren landscape begs a question.
12:06Why would all these humans and animals have come here?
12:13Remember, North America was different during the ice age.
12:17The north half of the continent was smothered by ice.
12:22And this part of New Mexico was very different.
12:26At first glance, this vast open desert with patches of brush and wind sculpted dunes seems
12:33pitiless and otherworldly.
12:37But if we wind the clock back to the height of the ice age, conditions here were very different.
12:48The Tularosa basin held a giant body of fresh water, known as Lake Otero,
12:55surrounded by vegetation.
12:58Ancient mammoths, ground sloths, and camels came to this watering hole to feast on the grasses and trees.
13:07And as we now know, humans followed them.
13:15And as we know, humans were very different.
13:15Establishing the age of the footprints was a complex scientific problem.
13:20David and a team of experts spent more than a decade building the evidence.
13:26But when in 2021 they published their findings in the journal Science,
13:32not all reactions were favorable.
13:36You know, I think with anything that's so unique and unusual,
13:39it takes a lot of science to be able to support it.
13:43The carbon dating of the seeds was challenged.
13:46But the team confirmed their results using other samples of pollen and sediment,
13:51quieting their critics.
13:53It's been a long time.
13:54Is there still controversy around the 23,000-year-old dates?
13:58I think until you have a time machine, there always will be.
14:02But beyond all these dates also, if you look, you still see a mammoth footprint,
14:09a meter, a meter and a half above human footprints.
14:12And there's more mammoth prints below.
14:14Below, yeah.
14:15So megafauna and people have been on this horizon for thousands of years together.
14:20The White Sands discovery helps to solve one of the most perplexing mysteries of prehistory,
14:27the sudden extinction of America's Ice Age megafauna between 13,000 and 11,000 years ago.
14:37The suggestion of archaeology was that human beings hunted down all the megafauna and butchered them.
14:44I don't know of any hunter-gatherer group that would willingly exterminate its food supply.
14:50So the notion that humans were responsible for the extinction of the megafauna has always seemed to me quite bizarre.
14:59The tracks here prove that humans and those animals overlapped for at least 10,000 years before their extinction.
15:10I think a much better explanation for the extinction of the Ice Age megafauna is the global cataclysm
15:17that took place around about 12,800, 12,900 years ago, known as the younger dryers.
15:32There was a sudden plunge in global temperatures, a sudden rise in sea levels,
15:38and the world very rapidly became an extremely difficult place to live.
15:44It's a time we call the ancient apocalypse.
15:48North America was hardest hit, which could explain both the extinction of its megafauna
15:54and also the big gaps in human history here.
16:01We are going to have to completely change the story of the peopling of the Americas
16:05in the light of this new evidence.
16:09Archaeologists are opening their eyes and their minds to the possibility of a much older human presence.
16:16We'll just touch at the tip of the surface of what's to be learned.
16:19I think throughout the southwest, as people look, they're going to find sites that are just as old as white
16:24sands also.
16:25So it's like you've opened a door on the past which nobody's stepped through before.
16:29Yeah.
16:31Paradigm shifts don't happen instantly.
16:34It's the accumulation of evidence that finally discredits an old paradigm and allows eyes to open
16:40to new possibilities. That's what we're witnessing in the Americas now.
16:46What's been discovered here at White Sands is part of a much bigger story, a global story,
16:52that I've been investigating for more than 30 years.
16:55If we want to clear the fog of amnesia that surrounds our remote past,
17:00we need to look much deeper and much further back than we've ever done before.
17:05Right here in the Americas where the timeline of prehistory keeps on receding with every new discovery.
17:15New discoveries
17:18that are not just being followed by archaeologists,
17:32so Keanu.
17:34Graham.
17:35Let's talk about the past.
17:36Okay.
17:37Why does the past matter to you?
17:41Well, you know, I remember as a young child just being inquisitive and as I
17:47have grown up, it comes to the question of a fundamental sense of who are we?
17:54Yeah. And what's driven me on this on this quest of my own for more than 30 years
18:00is to try to get back to some sort of source.
18:03Source of what?
18:04The source of who we are.
18:07And the timeline.
18:08Timeline's all wrong.
18:10That's why those footprints in White Sands were so significant to me.
18:15My feeling is that 23,000 years is just the beginning. We're going to go back much further than that.
18:20Yeah, I have that feeling too.
18:22And we are just at the edge of rediscovering so much of our lost past.
18:28And in a way, America is the place where that story is unfolding.
18:32Well, that's an exciting idea.
18:36I think you're on a quest, Graham, to teach and to bring understanding, perhaps.
18:43Well, the issue about the Americas is that there is so much of our past that we've forgotten.
18:51And my role, such as it is, has been to try to recover some of that lost memory.
18:59And when I think of the past like that, it sounds exciting.
19:03Absolutely. For me, the past is all about mystery. It's not about what we do know. It's about what we
19:09don't know, the huge areas that have not been explored or investigated, the possibilities that
19:14haven't been explored. Yeah.
19:21We need to start looking specifically for evidence in places where we might not have looked before.
19:29During the Ice Age, the northern part of North America was a frozen wasteland. The places
19:34to look are down near the tropics, down near the equator, places that were warm, comfortable,
19:41nurturing, hospitable. Perhaps even a vast region that was long believed to be an archaeological wasteland.
19:50But where astounding secrets of the human past are now beginning to be revealed.
19:57This is the Amazon.
20:03You're looking at more than six million square kilometers of land that are still under dense
20:09canopy rainforest.
20:12That immense land area is a huge mystery at the heart of the human story. And little by little,
20:21we're beginning to realize how enormous that mystery really is.
20:26For decades, the dominant view of archaeologists was that the Amazon's only historical inhabitants were
20:32small, semi-nomadic tribes of hunter-foragers, much like those still surviving in the rainforest today.
20:42But I believe the dominant view is wrong.
20:53I'm headed to the far west of Brazil and the state of Acre.
20:58Like most of the Amazon basin, it had long been blanketed by sprawling rainforests.
21:05Until vast expanses began to be burnt down to make way for cattle ranches.
21:15Coming to the Amazon rainforest is both an exhilarating and depressing experience.
21:23The amount of land that's been cleared of trees is an unfolding modern-day disaster with no easy
21:30solution. But as new swathes of land have been cleared, it's led to something that no one expected.
21:42I'm here to meet Dr. Alceu Ranzi, a paleogeographer who began his career studying the Amazon's Ice Age animals.
21:56He wants to show me evidence of a mystery that remains unsolved today.
22:11What?
22:13I'd rather guess it.
22:23From up here, the ongoing devastation is unmissable.
22:30You can see how much of it has been cleared?
22:33So much, so much.
22:40But this clearance has opened a little window on a great mystery.
22:46In 1986, Dr. Ranzi was flying over this region when he caught a glimpse of something unexpected.
22:54I was arriving in Rio Grande by jet, commercial jet, in the window seat, and look in the environment
23:02like this, like this, and then I see a big circle.
23:15My God, what's this?
23:17And the jet is so fast, who disappeared?
23:24He didn't yet realize it, but in those few seconds, Dr. Ranzi had spotted something that
23:29if our old notions of the Amazon are true, simply shouldn't exist.
23:39Giant geometrical shapes, as much as a thousand feet across, formed by trenches and massive
23:47piles of earth, now known as geoglyphs.
24:03And what I'm seeing is a square surrounded by an oval.
24:14Ah, look, another one.
24:16Yes.
24:17They're everywhere.
24:19Everywhere.
24:20Another one here.
24:22Another one here.
24:24Wow.
24:26Incredible.
24:31The perfect geometry is only visible from hundreds of feet in the air.
24:36And yet somehow, this was all created by people with their feet stuck firmly on the ground.
24:45This, to me, raises a feeling of deep respect.
24:53How do they have the perspective to see how they would look from above?
24:59It's a powerful experience.
25:01I've visited many temples and pyramids and sacred sites around the world.
25:05And this has a very special feeling, you know, very special.
25:13I mean, it touches my heart.
25:18I'm looking at something majestic.
25:27It's as though the curtain is being pulled back from the Mona Lisa.
25:32Suddenly, I'm seeing something that I didn't know was there, and it had an enormous emotional
25:37impact upon me.
25:42It was as though the ancients were speaking to me directly, look what we could do, don't
25:48underestimate us.
25:51We were scientists.
25:57When you first told archaeologists about this phenomenon, what did they say?
26:02Right.
26:02The first one was a famous archaeologist.
26:05Yes.
26:05I showed her the picture.
26:07Yeah.
26:08And she looked and said, where is it?
26:11The Abaddon.
26:12It's impossible.
26:14It's impossible.
26:15Look at the picture.
26:17Help me, please.
26:18I don't know what it is.
26:19Yes.
26:22The evidence is undeniable and spread across an area the size of West Virginia.
26:32At first, it was thought these mounds might be defensive ramparts, but there's no evidence
26:40of warfare here, and the ditches lie inside the mounds, so they're not moats.
26:48And there's no evidence that they were used as settlements.
26:56It's impossible to avoid speculation when we look at the Amazon Geoglyphs.
27:01Why?
27:01Because there are no written documents from their original creators that tell us why they
27:05made them.
27:06We don't know why they made them.
27:09What's your thought about how many there are in the whole area?
27:15Thousand.
27:16Thousand.
27:17Thousand.
27:18Thousand.
27:37Thousand.
27:40Thousand.
27:54Thousand.
28:04Thousand.
28:11energy the geoglyph building project is a compelling mystery one that scores of
28:17researchers are now grappling with back on the ground we're meeting professor
28:27marty parsinan an archaeologist and anthropologist from the university of
28:32helsinki who's been searching for answers alongside dr. ranzi for two decades
28:41clearly we're looking at an enormous phenomenon here not something small and a phenomenon that
28:47shows knowledge of geometry and also a high level of organization must have been involved
28:53i think so because many of these are so complicated it is necessary to have pre-plan
29:00yes how to do that and how to organize it
29:07after examining hundreds of geoglyphs professor parsinan has uncovered a key piece of evidence
29:14that points to the type of society that built these structures
29:20ancient raised roads connecting many of the geoglyphs
29:29this area is full of roads hunters and cutters do not build roads right have any need for that
29:36yes it needs already society with much more higher level of thinking and also relationships between
29:44each other so that it is really complex yeah society yeah and if i'm right this was not expected before
29:50no no it was totally uh surprise for us to figure out more about who the builders were professor parsinan's
30:01team has been excavating the areas around the geoglyphs including this one known as tequino
30:09archaeologically tell me what you do find inside the earthworks from tequino we found 40 000
30:16uh shards of ceramics these shards were around 2 000 years old the earthwork itself was dated to
30:26around 2500 years ago but the pottery was unexpectedly sophisticated most of it is of high quality right
30:36and polychromy right ceramics so the polychrome is rather advanced uh yeah normally polychromy ceramic is
30:44contrary to be part of civilization the multicolored ceramics raise an unexpected parallel with another
30:54far-off culture known for their deep knowledge of geometry the ancient greeks
31:04generally historians and archaeologists say that you know the greeks were amongst the first to create
31:09geometry but clearly we have to reconsider that view i think that you are right because
31:14this geoclave culture is exactly the same time when the greek culture had archaeological period what
31:22has been called geometric greek period the fact that two cultures so far apart were making geometric art
31:31and producing sophisticated pottery at around the same time seems more than a coincidence
31:40it's fascinating that we're seeing these parallel development of ideas between cultures that are
31:45completely unconnected exactly i'm not suggesting the greek and amazonian cultures were in contact
31:53but could both perhaps have shared a legacy of knowledge inherited from a vastly older civilization
32:00one that traveled the earth in the night of time leaving traces of its wisdom wherever it went
32:09now the way that archaeology explains this is to say well look we all have the same human minds and
32:15so
32:15we're all going to do the same things and the fact that they did them at the same time in
32:20widely
32:20separated geographical locations is just explained by that shared neurology i'm afraid that just doesn't work for me
32:29it's obvious even from looking at the design that there must be a background to this this isn't
32:34something that just appears out of nowhere suddenly one night so how far back can you trace the the
32:39prehistory of this area and is there any evidence that these places were special before the geoglyphs were
32:46put there that's very good question because we excavated up to one meter and after that the ceramic
32:54disappeared but then i noticed that the charcoal continued and we went down and down and down and
33:02then we started to take radiocarbon samples and finally we found that many of these sites have been
33:11established already 10 000 years ago my goodness wow from the deep past from the deep past exactly fascinating
33:23so 10 000 years ago not long after the end of the ice age
33:28it looks like these same sites may already have held some great significance to the people who visited them
33:36that adds more to the picture then so in a sense what we're looking at now is the latest incarnation
33:42of a very long-term association with the land a very long-term project in a way
33:48we have evidence of a highly organized sophisticated indigenous civilization taking all the initiatives
33:55that we would expect of a high civilization this research is truly groundbreaking for our growing
34:02understanding of human history we have to reconsider our whole ideas of the ancient amazon and our whole
34:11ideas of ancient civilizations to me this is one of the most exciting discoveries that has been made in the
34:17last hundred years it's really really something special
34:24and the work is far from over
34:28we are now aware of the phenomenon that we didn't know existed 20 years ago the next question is
34:34how many of them are there how many of these earthworks actually exist
34:42to date more than a thousand geoglyphs have been discovered in the akra region alone
34:53eight miles from the airfield professor parsenden is hoping to add to the tally in an unexplored part of
35:00the forest near an exposed geoglyph called fazenda sepoal
35:07our understanding stopped on the border of the forest and now we want to know what's there
35:16to detect what's beneath the trees the team is depending on a technology that sees through them
35:23the batonky
35:24LIDAR
35:26by using this system we can clear
35:30the vegetation out
35:32and code the research from the bottom
35:34and in that way we can see
35:37the topography exactly
35:40good
35:41With LiDAR, you can see what's under the canopy without destroying a single tree.
35:46You don't have to tear down the rainforest, you don't have to destroy anything.
35:51Joining the hunt is Fabio de Navalles Filho, who will be surveying the forest with his
35:56drone-based LiDAR system.
35:59We're going to fly at 80 meters, and maybe we can have about 100 to 200 points per square
36:08meter.
36:08That's excellent.
36:09The topography will be very precise.
36:27The device fires laser beams down between the leaves, detecting changes in elevation.
36:36The data is then used to create a 3D map of the landscape, revealing any anomalies.
36:43These drones will change everything in archaeology.
36:53While the team looks to see what might be hidden beneath the canopy, I'm investigating a different
36:58question.
37:01Why were the geoglyphs built in the first place?
37:07archaeological excavations.
37:08Archaeological excavations offer no clue as to why they were created.
37:12But the indigenous people in this area hold knowledge and memories that help to shed light
37:17on the significance and meaning of these remarkable earthworks.
37:25I've come to the geoglyphs known as Jacosar, to meet one of its caretakers.
37:34Antonio Aparina is from the Aparina people and works within FUNAI, Brazil's national indigenous
37:41agency.
37:52What is the opinion of the Aparina about these constructions?
37:58What is your feeling about them?
38:00I'm looking at a place where I consider the greatest respect for us is a sacred place.
38:11It was not done for war.
38:13It was not done for defense.
38:14It was done to externalize something about the cultural issue.
38:23If the geometrical shapes have no practical function, such a huge effort to create them
38:29suggests a higher purpose.
38:33There may be a clue in the spiritual traditions of the Aparina.
38:38So, we compare a case like this as a circle that the Aparina makes when they are dancing,
38:50making a homenage of a cacique, of a pajé who died, of an important person in the village.
39:01We have this space as if it were to welcome all of us after the dying of the material world.
39:16This is a view that is very strongly held amongst indigenous cultures across the Amazon to this day.
39:21That after death, our soul makes a journey, ultimately, to an afterlife existence.
39:29This is an idea that is found all around the world.
39:32And structures were created to aid the journey of the soul after death.
39:40Let's take the example of pyramids.
39:43I don't know of a single pyramidial structure around the world
39:48that isn't connected to the notion of death and the afterlife journey of the soul.
39:56This is particularly evident in the ancient Egyptian pyramids,
40:00but it's just as evident in the pyramids of the Americas and of Mexico.
40:07So, it's interesting to learn from Antonio
40:09that the Amazon geoglyphs may have served a similar purpose
40:13for the people who first created them, untold thousands of years ago.
40:24Back at the airfield, it's time to find out if our LIDAR survey
40:29has detected yet more of these sacred sites beneath the canopy.
40:35So, Fabio, please, tell us what you found.
40:38We surveyed the area using the LIDAR.
40:40And, you see? The trees? Yeah.
40:48And now...
40:50Wow! Incredible!
40:52Wow!
40:52That's all.
40:57Yeah, yeah.
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