Pittsburgh, January 1943. Pharmacist Lorraine Cassidy was working her regular Thursday morning shift when a woman in a worn brown coat slid three prescriptions across the counter.
Three different physicians. Three different clinics across Pittsburgh. Three medications that together formed a deadly combination.
Lorraine filled the order. Her hands moved mechanically while her mind kicked into high alert. She had spent four years studying pharmaceutical sciences. She knew these drugs were incompatible. Separately, they could treat conditions. Together, they became dangerous.
She opened her thick ledger and recorded everything: date, time, physical description, medication names. She didn't know why. Something was gnawing at her — something very wrong.
The woman came back the next day. Different prescriptions. A fourth doctor. Drugs that would create dangerous interactions with everything she'd already dispensed.
Lorraine went to a physician. Showed her the combinations. The doctor stared at her for a long moment and said: "This is either catastrophic incompetence or deliberate malice. There is no third option."
Lorraine went back through six months of dispensing logs. She found four more cases. Different people. Different addresses. Different doctors.
No connection.
Or was there?
⚠️ Disclaimer: This is a work of fiction created entirely for dramatic storytelling purposes. All characters, names, events, and organizations depicted are invented. Any resemblance to real persons or events is coincidental.
#Pittsburgh #WWII #PharmacyMurders #HistoricalFiction #DramaticStory #1940s #SerialKiller #DarkSecret #AmericanHistory #Poison #Conspiracy #MoralCourage #Justice #ShortStory #Whistleblower
Three different physicians. Three different clinics across Pittsburgh. Three medications that together formed a deadly combination.
Lorraine filled the order. Her hands moved mechanically while her mind kicked into high alert. She had spent four years studying pharmaceutical sciences. She knew these drugs were incompatible. Separately, they could treat conditions. Together, they became dangerous.
She opened her thick ledger and recorded everything: date, time, physical description, medication names. She didn't know why. Something was gnawing at her — something very wrong.
The woman came back the next day. Different prescriptions. A fourth doctor. Drugs that would create dangerous interactions with everything she'd already dispensed.
Lorraine went to a physician. Showed her the combinations. The doctor stared at her for a long moment and said: "This is either catastrophic incompetence or deliberate malice. There is no third option."
Lorraine went back through six months of dispensing logs. She found four more cases. Different people. Different addresses. Different doctors.
No connection.
Or was there?
⚠️ Disclaimer: This is a work of fiction created entirely for dramatic storytelling purposes. All characters, names, events, and organizations depicted are invented. Any resemblance to real persons or events is coincidental.
#Pittsburgh #WWII #PharmacyMurders #HistoricalFiction #DramaticStory #1940s #SerialKiller #DarkSecret #AmericanHistory #Poison #Conspiracy #MoralCourage #Justice #ShortStory #Whistleblower
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🛠️
LifestyleTranscript
00:00:00January 8th, 1943.
00:00:02Mercer's Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
00:00:0622-year-old pharmacist Lorraine Cassidy
00:00:08wipes down the prescription counter with rubbing alcohol
00:00:11and glances at the line forming outside the glass partition.
00:00:15Regular Thursday morning.
00:00:17Elderly women clutching ration books.
00:00:20A factory worker asking for aspirin.
00:00:22A young mother with a prescription for her child's cough syrup.
00:00:26Everything ordinary until a woman around 60 approaches the window
00:00:30wearing a worn brown coat and a faded floral scarf.
00:00:34She slides three prescriptions across the counter.
00:00:38Lorraine unfolds them one by one.
00:00:41Three different physicians.
00:00:43Three different clinics across Pittsburgh.
00:00:46Three medications that together form a deadly combination.
00:00:50Lorraine's eyes lift to meet the woman's.
00:00:52The older woman looks back calmly, almost pleasantly.
00:00:57Everything on these, dear?
00:00:59Yes, sweetheart. All of it.
00:01:02Lorraine begins assembling the order,
00:01:04but her hands move mechanically while her mind kicks into high alert.
00:01:08She spent four years studying pharmaceutical sciences
00:01:10at the Pittsburgh College of Pharmacy.
00:01:12She knows these drugs are incompatible.
00:01:16Separately, they can treat conditions.
00:01:18Together, they become dangerous.
00:01:20Excuse me, ma'am.
00:01:23Who are these prescriptions for?
00:01:25The woman doesn't blink.
00:01:27Quote three.
00:01:28Quote four.
00:01:30The woman offers a tired smile.
00:01:33Quote five.
00:01:34Lorraine packages the medications carefully,
00:01:37her hands trembling slightly beneath the counter.
00:01:39She hands over the brown paper bag.
00:01:42The woman thanks her and leaves.
00:01:45Lorraine opens her thick ledger and records everything.
00:01:48Date, time, physical description, medication names.
00:01:53She doesn't know why.
00:01:55Just feels something gnawing at her.
00:01:57Something wrong.
00:01:59Very, very wrong.
00:02:01Lorraine Cassidy was born in Pittsburgh on January 12, 1921.
00:02:06Her father, Walter, worked as a machinist at the Westinghouse plant.
00:02:10Her mother, Dorothy, as a seamstress in a downtown dress shop.
00:02:13Working-class family.
00:02:15God-fearing.
00:02:16Strict.
00:02:17Lorraine was always a quiet girl with an excellent memory.
00:02:20Straight A's through high school.
00:02:22Decided in her senior year to pursue pharmacy.
00:02:25Medical school was out of reach financially,
00:02:28but she won a partial scholarship to pharmacy college.
00:02:31Graduated in June, 1942, just as the war was ramping up.
00:02:36For the past seven months,
00:02:38she's been working at Mercer's Pharmacy on Liberty Avenue,
00:02:40one of three pharmacists behind the counter.
00:02:43She's unmarried.
00:02:45There were a few boys in college,
00:02:46but most enlisted after Pearl Harbor.
00:02:49She lives with her parents in a narrow row house in Lawrenceville.
00:02:52Takes the streetcar to work every morning.
00:02:55Reads detective novels in the evenings.
00:02:57Doesn't smoke or drink.
00:02:58A quiet life.
00:03:01Almost boring.
00:03:03But that quiet life taught her to notice details.
00:03:06A pharmacist isn't just someone who counts pills
00:03:08and slaps labels on bottles.
00:03:10She's the last checkpoint between medicine and patient.
00:03:14Her professors drilled it into her skull.
00:03:16Check the prescriptions.
00:03:18Verify compatibility.
00:03:20Call the doctor if something doesn't add up.
00:03:23Lorraine always checks.
00:03:25Always.
00:03:26And now, locking up the pharmacy on the evening of January 8th,
00:03:30she can't shake the image of that woman in the brown coat.
00:03:34The next day, January 9th, the woman returns.
00:03:38Different prescriptions this time.
00:03:40Drugs that could create dangerous interactions with the previous batch.
00:03:44Again, signatures from different doctors across the city.
00:03:48Lorraine fills the order silently, but records everything in her ledger.
00:03:53The address on the prescription.
00:03:59That evening, Lorraine takes a different streetcar route home.
00:04:03Makes a deliberate detour.
00:04:06Number 428 Cypress is a narrow brick building, three stories,
00:04:10paint peeling around the windows.
00:04:13She stands across the street and stares up at the facade.
00:04:16Doesn't know what she's looking for.
00:04:19Some kind of sign?
00:04:21Evidence?
00:04:22Just to quiet her conscience?
00:04:24She stands there for 10 minutes, then heads home.
00:04:28Her mother asks over dinner,
00:04:35It's not a lie.
00:04:36She is tired.
00:04:38Tired of this gnawing feeling that she's watching something terrible unfold,
00:04:41but can't understand what?
00:04:44That night, she lies awake, turning restlessly in bed.
00:04:48Remembers her toxicology lectures.
00:04:50Certain cardiac medications are essentially plant-based compounds in controlled doses.
00:04:55In the right amount, they stabilize heart rhythms.
00:04:59In elevated doses or dangerous combinations, they can cause serious harm.
00:05:05And if you add other drugs that intensify the effect,
00:05:08then even normal doses become risky.
00:05:11But doctors aren't idiots.
00:05:13They know pharmacology.
00:05:15Why would they prescribe such a combination?
00:05:18Unless they don't know about each other?
00:05:21Three different physicians, three different clinics,
00:05:24and none of them checked what else the patient was taking?
00:05:28Lorraine sits up in bed, turns on her bedside lamp,
00:05:32opens her ledger, re-reads her notes,
00:05:34and suddenly understands she needs to investigate.
00:05:39Just to confirm everything's fine.
00:05:42That she's paranoid, not witnessing a crime.
00:05:46January 15th, 1943, Lorraine walks into the Allegheny Clinic on Penn Avenue.
00:05:52Tells the receptionist she needs to consult about drug interactions for a patient.
00:05:57They send her to the head of internal medicine, Dr. Harriet Volker,
00:06:01a woman in her 50s with sharp eyes and an exhausted face.
00:06:05Lorraine explains the situation,
00:06:07shows her copies of the prescriptions she transcribed into her ledger.
00:06:11Dr. Volker listens, frowns, then shakes her head.
00:06:16Young lady, we don't make those kinds of prescriptions.
00:06:18It's impossible.
00:06:20But there's your colleague's signature right here.
00:06:24Signatures can be forged.
00:06:26Or a patient can manipulate separate doctors
00:06:28into writing isolated scripts without disclosing the full picture.
00:06:31Or a nurse might have signed off carelessly.
00:06:34But this combination?
00:06:36We'd never prescribe it knowingly to a living patient.
00:06:40And if someone did prescribe it?
00:06:42Doctor, Volker looks at Lorraine for a long moment.
00:06:46Then it's either catastrophic incompetence or deliberate malice.
00:06:51There's no third option.
00:06:54Lorraine leaves the office feeling like the ground has shifted beneath her feet.
00:06:58Deliberate malice.
00:07:00Those two words echo in her skull like church bells.
00:07:04She returns to the pharmacy.
00:07:06Works her shift normally.
00:07:08Fills prescriptions.
00:07:09Counts change.
00:07:11Smiles at customers.
00:07:12But inside, everything coils tight.
00:07:15She's a pharmacist.
00:07:17She dispensed those drugs.
00:07:19If someone dies,
00:07:21is she complicit?
00:07:22Or just doing her job?
00:07:25Where's the line?
00:07:27January 28, 1943.
00:07:30Three weeks have passed.
00:07:33Lorraine has almost convinced herself to forget the woman in the brown coat.
00:07:37Almost.
00:07:38Then she walks back into the pharmacy.
00:07:41This time buying sedatives and another bottle of cardiac medication.
00:07:45Prescription from a fourth doctor.
00:07:47Lorraine fills it.
00:07:48Her hands don't shake anymore.
00:07:51She's learned to control that.
00:07:52But after the woman leaves, Lorraine does something she's never done before.
00:07:57Steps out from behind the counter.
00:07:59Grabs her coat.
00:08:00Tells her colleague she needs 15 minutes.
00:08:03Follows the woman outside.
00:08:05The woman walks slowly, unhurried, the gait of someone in her 60s.
00:08:11Turns onto Cypress Street.
00:08:13Enters number 428.
00:08:16Lorraine stands across the street, half hidden behind a parked delivery truck.
00:08:21Waits.
00:08:22Five minutes later, a light flickers on in a second floor window.
00:08:27Apartment 2B.
00:08:28The same address from the prescription.
00:08:31Lorraine stands there another 10 minutes.
00:08:33Then turns and walks back to the pharmacy.
00:08:36Her heart hammers in her chest.
00:08:38She just tailed someone.
00:08:40Like a private eye.
00:08:42Like a lunatic.
00:08:44Why?
00:08:45What does this prove?
00:08:47Nothing.
00:08:49Absolutely nothing.
00:08:51The woman lives where she said she lives.
00:08:53What crime is that?
00:08:56Lorraine gets home.
00:08:58Her mother says she looks pale.
00:09:00Asks if she's coming down with something.
00:09:03Lorraine says she's fine.
00:09:05Goes to bed at 9.
00:09:07Doesn't fall asleep until 3 in the morning.
00:09:09Her mind spinning with a single question.
00:09:12What if there are others?
00:09:14Other patients with suspicious prescriptions?
00:09:17What if this isn't an isolated case?
00:09:20The next day, Lorraine starts a new list.
00:09:23She pulls the pharmacy's old dispensing logs from the past six months.
00:09:27July through December 1942.
00:09:30Sits in the back room after closing.
00:09:32And flips through pages.
00:09:34Looking for strange combinations.
00:09:36Incompatible drugs.
00:09:38Excessive dosages.
00:09:39She finds four cases from late 1942.
00:09:43First, a man who purchased medications that could trigger dangerous reactions when combined.
00:09:49Second, a woman with prescriptions for drugs that promote internal bleeding when taken together.
00:09:54Third, an elderly man buying medications with opposing mechanisms, creating a dangerous pharmaceutical cycle.
00:10:03Fourth, a middle-aged woman obtaining a combination that could cause respiratory problems.
00:10:08All four, different people, different addresses, different prescribing doctors.
00:10:14Lorraine copies down the addresses.
00:10:171,512, 1,512 Baum Boulevard, 77 Smallman Street, 903 Negley Avenue, 615 Penn Avenue.
00:10:30All scattered across different Pittsburgh neighborhoods.
00:10:34No connection.
00:10:36Or is there?
00:10:38Lorraine closes her ledger.
00:10:40Tucks it into her handbag.
00:10:41Knows she's sliding into paranoia.
00:10:44But can't stop.
00:10:46Because if she's right, somewhere in Pittsburgh, people are dying.
00:10:51Dying from medications she dispensed with her own hands.
00:10:56February 3rd, 1943.
00:10:59Lorraine goes to the Carnegie Library on Forbes Avenue, asks the librarian for back issues of
00:11:04the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette from the past six months.
00:11:08The librarian looks mildly surprised but complies.
00:11:12Lorraine sits at a wooden table in the reading room and starts flipping through pages, looking
00:11:17for obituaries.
00:11:19Finds dozens.
00:11:20It's a big city.
00:11:22People die every day.
00:11:23Old age, illness, accidents.
00:11:27But here's what's strange.
00:11:29Over the past six months, the obituaries mention four middle-aged men who died of acute cardiac
00:11:35failure.
00:11:36All four from neighborhoods where her suspicious patients live.
00:11:41Martin Howell, age 54, died September 12, 1942.
00:11:46Address, 1512 Baum Boulevard.
00:11:49Eugene Pritchard, age 51, died October 28, 1942.
00:11:55Address, 77 Smallman Street.
00:11:59Fernan Ackerman, age 49, died November 19, 1942.
00:12:05Address, 903 Negley Avenue.
00:12:08Chester Lang, age 52, died December 30, 1942.
00:12:14Address, 615 Penn Avenue.
00:12:18Lorraine cross-references the addresses with her list.
00:12:21Perfect matches.
00:12:23All four.
00:12:24Her hands start trembling.
00:12:27She closes the newspaper.
00:12:29Walks out of the library.
00:12:30Moves down the sidewalk, not seeing anything.
00:12:34Four people dead.
00:12:36Four addresses match.
00:12:37This isn't paranoia anymore.
00:12:39This is statistics.
00:12:41This is evidence.
00:12:44But evidence of what?
00:12:46That someone is causing death through prescription drugs?
00:12:50It sounds insane.
00:12:52Like pulp fiction.
00:12:54Like something out of her detective novels.
00:12:56But the numbers don't lie.
00:12:58The addresses don't lie.
00:13:01The dead don't lie.
00:13:03Lorraine goes home.
00:13:05Sits at the kitchen table.
00:13:07Her mother asks if she's feeling all right.
00:13:10Lorraine says she needs to think.
00:13:12Her mother leaves her alone.
00:13:15Lorraine opens her ledger.
00:13:17Stares at the lists.
00:13:19Four dead men.
00:13:21Four widows who bought suspicious combinations of medications.
00:13:25Same pattern.
00:13:27Different doctors.
00:13:28Different pharmacies?
00:13:30She doesn't know.
00:13:32She only has records from Mercers.
00:13:34What if other pharmacies are involved?
00:13:37What if this is bigger than she thought?
00:13:40Lorraine makes a decision.
00:13:42She needs to talk to someone who can actually do something.
00:13:45Not a doctor.
00:13:47Not a pharmacist.
00:13:48Someone with authority.
00:13:50The police.
00:13:55Lorraine walks into the Pittsburgh Police Department's East Liberty Station, asks to speak with a detective.
00:14:01They send her to Detective Andrew Finch, a man in his mid-forties with graying hair and tired eyes.
00:14:08Lorraine sits across from his desk and lays out everything.
00:14:11The suspicious prescriptions.
00:14:14The matching addresses.
00:14:15The obituaries.
00:14:17Finch listens without interrupting.
00:14:19Takes notes on a yellow pad.
00:14:21When she finishes, he leans back in his chair.
00:14:25Miss Cassidy, let me ask you something.
00:14:28Do you have any proof these women actually gave those medications to their husbands?
00:14:34No, but...
00:14:36Do you have proof the medications caused the deaths?
00:14:39The combinations are dangerous.
00:14:42But do you have autopsy reports?
00:14:45Toxicology?
00:14:46Anything concrete?
00:14:48No.
00:14:50Finch sighs.
00:14:52Here's the problem.
00:14:53You've got circumstantial evidence.
00:14:56Suspicious, I'll grant you, but circumstantial.
00:14:59These men died of heart failure.
00:15:01Common enough.
00:15:02Especially in middle-aged men under wartime stress.
00:15:06The prescriptions could be coincidence.
00:15:08The widows could be innocent.
00:15:11Four men.
00:15:12Detective.
00:15:14Same pattern.
00:15:15Same time frame.
00:15:17Same type of prescriptions.
00:15:19Finch taps his pen on the desk.
00:15:22I believe you're onto something.
00:15:24But believing isn't enough.
00:15:26I need evidence.
00:15:28Real evidence.
00:15:30Something that'll hold up in court.
00:15:33What kind of evidence?
00:15:35Witness testimony.
00:15:37Proof of intent.
00:15:38Documentation that shows these women deliberately harmed their husbands.
00:15:42Without that, we've got nothing.
00:15:45Lorraine feels frustration-building.
00:15:48So you're saying I should just forget about it?
00:15:51No.
00:15:52I'm saying you need to keep watching.
00:15:54Keep records.
00:15:56If another case comes up, document everything.
00:15:59And if you can find a connection between these women, some link that ties them together, that would help enormously.
00:16:07Lorraine stands.
00:16:08I'll do that.
00:16:10Finch stands too.
00:16:11Miss Cassidy, be careful.
00:16:15If you're right about this, you're dealing with dangerous people.
00:16:19And dangerous people don't take kindly to being exposed.
00:16:23Lorraine returns to the pharmacy, keeps working her shifts, keeps filling prescriptions.
00:16:29But now she watches.
00:16:31Every customer who comes in with multiple prescriptions, she checks for compatibility.
00:16:36Every suspicious combination, she records in her ledger.
00:16:40By mid-February, she's added two more cases to her list.
00:16:45Both women.
00:16:46Both buying drugs that could cause harm when combined.
00:16:50Lorraine copies their addresses.
00:16:52Starts watching the obituaries more carefully.
00:16:55Waiting.
00:16:56On February 25th, 1943, another obituary appears.
00:17:02Raymond Kowalski, age 53, died of cardiac failure.
00:17:07Address.
00:17:08428 Cypress Street.
00:17:10The same address as the woman in the brown coat.
00:17:14Lorraine's hands shake as she reads the notice.
00:17:17This is it.
00:17:18Proof.
00:17:20The woman's husband is dead.
00:17:22Died exactly the way Lorraine predicted.
00:17:24She cuts out the obituary.
00:17:27Tapes it into her ledger.
00:17:29Takes everything to Detective Finch.
00:17:31Finch reads through her notes carefully.
00:17:34Looks up.
00:17:36Quote 29.
00:17:38Quote 30.
00:17:39Quote 31.
00:17:41Lorraine nods.
00:17:42Walks out of the police station feeling both relieved and frustrated.
00:17:46She's done everything right.
00:17:48Notice the pattern.
00:17:50Documented the evidence.
00:17:52Reported to the authorities.
00:17:53But nothing's happening fast enough.
00:17:56More people could die while they investigate.
00:17:59March 1943.
00:18:02Lorraine continues her routine.
00:18:05Work.
00:18:06Home.
00:18:06Library.
00:18:08She spends her evenings reading through old newspapers, looking for more patterns.
00:18:12Finds three more suspicious deaths from 1941.
00:18:15All men in their 50s.
00:18:17All died of heart failure.
00:18:19All had widows.
00:18:21Were those murders, too?
00:18:23How far back does this go?
00:18:25The pattern becomes clearer the more she looks.
00:18:28Each death occurs within three to six weeks of the first prescription being filled.
00:18:33Each obituary mentions a sudden cardiac event.
00:18:37Each widow appears grief-stricken in public, but remarries within a year or two.
00:18:42Lorraine creates a timeline on butcher paper spread across her bedroom floor.
00:18:46Red marks for deaths.
00:18:48Blue marks for prescription dates.
00:18:51Green marks for doctor visits.
00:18:53The pattern is undeniable.
00:18:55Someone is orchestrating this.
00:18:58Someone with medical knowledge.
00:19:00Someone the women trust.
00:19:01Meanwhile, Detective Finch works his investigation from a different angle.
00:19:07He interviews the widows casually, just checking in after their losses, offering condolences,
00:19:13asking if they need anything.
00:19:15They all seem genuinely grief-stricken when he visits.
00:19:19Model citizens.
00:19:21Churchgoers.
00:19:22Active in their communities.
00:19:24No criminal records.
00:19:25No histories of violence.
00:19:27No obvious motive except, perhaps, unhappy marriages.
00:19:32But that's not evidence.
00:19:34During one visit to Mrs. Kowalski, Finch notices something.
00:19:38A photograph on the mantle shows her with a black eye, poorly covered with makeup.
00:19:43When he asks about it, she says she walked into a door.
00:19:47Classic excuse.
00:19:48He makes a note.
00:19:49When he visits Mrs. Howell, the widow from Baum Boulevard, her daughter mentions that she's
00:19:55quote, 32, quote.
00:19:57The daughter doesn't seem to realize how that sounds.
00:20:01Finch asks why.
00:20:03The daughter shrugs.
00:20:04He drank.
00:20:05Got mean.
00:20:07Mom was scared of him for years.
00:20:09Another note.
00:20:11Finch checks with the doctors who signed the prescriptions.
00:20:14He visits each one personally.
00:20:16Dr. Harold Mitchell at the Squirrel Hill Clinic doesn't remember the prescription at all.
00:20:21Quote, 34, quote, he says.
00:20:24Quote, 35, quote.
00:20:27When Finch shows him the prescription copy, Mitchell frowns.
00:20:31Quote, underscore, 36, quote.
00:20:35Dr. Sarah Whitman at the Shadyside Medical Building is more forthcoming.
00:20:40Quote, underscore, 37, quote, she says.
00:20:44Quote, underscore, 37.
00:20:46Quote, 38, quote.
00:20:47She points at the prescription.
00:20:49Quote, 39, quote.
00:20:52Finch asks if she reported it.
00:20:55She shakes her head.
00:20:56Quote, 40, quote.
00:20:59The pattern continues.
00:21:01Dr. Francis O'Connor at the Bloomfield Clinic.
00:21:04Could be my signature.
00:21:06Could be a forgery.
00:21:08Hard to say.
00:21:09Dr. Elizabeth Roth at the East Liberty Medical Center.
00:21:12I prescribed that drug, yes.
00:21:15But not in that amount.
00:21:18Someone changed the numbers.
00:21:20Finch compiles it all.
00:21:22Brings it to his captain.
00:21:24We've got signature forgeries.
00:21:26Prescription alterations.
00:21:28A clear pattern of fraudulent documents being used to obtain dangerous medications.
00:21:33The captain listens.
00:21:35The captain listens, nods.
00:21:36Still circumstantial.
00:21:37You need to prove intent.
00:21:39Prove these women knew what they were doing.
00:21:42Prove they deliberately caused harm.
00:21:44How do I do that without a confession?
00:21:48Find the person giving them instructions.
00:21:51Find the mastermind.
00:21:53Finch checks the death certificates at City Hall.
00:21:56Sits in a dusty records room flipping through files.
00:22:00Martin Howell.
00:22:00Cause of death.
00:22:02Myocardial infarction.
00:22:04Signed by Dr. George Patterson, county coroner.
00:22:07No autopsy.
00:22:09Eugene Pritchard.
00:22:10Cause of death.
00:22:12Acute cardiac failure.
00:22:13Signed by Dr. Patterson.
00:22:16No autopsy.
00:22:18Vernon Ackerman.
00:22:19Same.
00:22:20Chester Lang.
00:22:22Same.
00:22:23Raymond Kowalski.
00:22:25Same.
00:22:27Five deaths.
00:22:28Same coroner.
00:22:29Same conclusion.
00:22:31Same lack of investigation.
00:22:34Finch goes to see Dr. Patterson.
00:22:36The coroner is a heavyset man in his 60s.
00:22:39Tired and overworked.
00:22:41Detective, I sign a hundred death certificates a month, he says.
00:22:46Middle-aged men dying of heart attacks?
00:22:48That's standard.
00:22:50Why would I order autopsies?
00:22:52Even when five of them die within a few months?
00:22:56All in similar circumstances?
00:22:58What circumstances?
00:22:59They're unrelated deaths.
00:23:01Different families.
00:23:03Different neighborhoods.
00:23:05Different medical histories.
00:23:07What if they're not unrelated?
00:23:09Patterson looks skeptical.
00:23:12You're suggesting what, exactly?
00:23:14A conspiracy?
00:23:16I'm suggesting someone might be causing these deaths.
00:23:20Patterson sighs.
00:23:22Detective, unless you bring me proof, real, physical proof, I'm not exhuming bodies.
00:23:28The families have grieved.
00:23:30The men are buried.
00:23:31Let them rest.
00:23:33Finch returns to the station frustrated.
00:23:36Calls Lorraine.
00:23:37We're stuck.
00:23:39No one will order autopsies.
00:23:41No one will take this seriously without concrete evidence.
00:23:44Lorraine asks,
00:23:46What about the prescriptions themselves?
00:23:48Can't we prove they're fraudulent?
00:23:50We can prove they're dangerous.
00:23:52We can prove some were altered.
00:23:54But we can't prove the women knew that.
00:23:57They can claim ignorance.
00:23:59Say they trusted their doctors.
00:24:01So we're back to square one.
00:24:04Not quite.
00:24:05We know there's a pattern.
00:24:07We know someone is helping these women.
00:24:10We just need to find out who.
00:24:13That someone, Lorraine suspects, is Dr. Bernard Crane.
00:24:17But proving it is another matter entirely.
00:24:20Everything points to foul play.
00:24:22But nothing proves it beyond reasonable doubt.
00:24:25The investigation stalls.
00:24:27March turns into April.
00:24:29The trail grows colder.
00:24:32But Lorraine doesn't stop watching.
00:24:34April 1943.
00:24:37Lorraine notices a pattern she missed before.
00:24:40All the suspicious prescriptions were filled at different pharmacies across Pittsburgh.
00:24:44Mercer's Pharmacy.
00:24:46Greenfield Pharmacy.
00:24:47Lawrenceville Drug.
00:24:49Oakland Apothecary.
00:24:51The women are spreading their purchases across multiple locations.
00:24:55Smart.
00:24:56Harder to track.
00:24:58Harder to notice.
00:25:00But Lorraine has contacts.
00:25:01Fellow pharmacists she studied with.
00:25:04She starts making phone calls.
00:25:06Casual conversations.
00:25:08Hey, Dorothy.
00:25:10Have you noticed any strange prescription combinations lately?
00:25:13Some haven't.
00:25:15Some have, but didn't think much of it.
00:25:18One.
00:25:18A pharmacist named Helen Burke, who works at Oakland Apothecary, says,
00:25:23Actually, yes.
00:25:24Actually, yes.
00:25:25Last November.
00:25:26Woman bought cardiac meds that seemed risky together.
00:25:29I remember because I almost called the doctor, but she seemed in a hurry.
00:25:33And I figured he knew what he was doing.
00:25:36Lorraine gets the details.
00:25:38Matches them to her list.
00:25:40Another connection.
00:25:41She brings this to Finch.
00:25:43He nods grimly.
00:25:44We're building a case.
00:25:47Slowly.
00:25:48But we need something solid.
00:25:50A confession.
00:25:51A witness.
00:25:53Something.
00:25:54What about exhuming the bodies?
00:25:56Toxicology tests?
00:25:59Expensive.
00:26:00And we'd need a court order.
00:26:02Judges don't grant those lightly,
00:26:04especially during wartime when resources are stretched.
00:26:07We need probable cause.
00:26:10Strong probable cause.
00:26:13Lorraine feels the walls closing in.
00:26:15She's done everything she can think of.
00:26:18But it's not enough.
00:26:20The women are still free.
00:26:22Still potentially active.
00:26:24May 1943.
00:26:27Lorraine gets an idea.
00:26:29What if these women know each other?
00:26:31What if they're coordinating?
00:26:33She starts following them.
00:26:35After her shifts, when she can.
00:26:37The first few attempts are clumsy.
00:26:39She loses her target when Mrs. Kowalski
00:26:42takes an unexpected turn down an alley.
00:26:44She gets spotted when she follows Mrs. Howell
00:26:47too closely through Kaufman's department store.
00:26:49But she learns.
00:26:52Watches detective movies at the Liberty Theater.
00:26:54Takes notes on surveillance techniques.
00:26:56Buys a plain gray coat and a scarf
00:26:58to change her appearance.
00:27:00Starts carrying a newspaper to hide behind.
00:27:03The woman from Cypress Street.
00:27:05Mrs. Edith Kowalski,
00:27:06whose husband Raymond is now dead,
00:27:08has a predictable routine.
00:27:11Mondays, she volunteers at the church basement,
00:27:13sorting donated clothes for war refugees.
00:27:17Tuesdays, she shops at the Strip District markets.
00:27:20Wednesdays, she visits her sister in Bloomfield.
00:27:23Thursdays, she goes to St. Patrick's Church for afternoon mass.
00:27:28Sundays, full morning service.
00:27:31Lorraine follows her to all these places over two weeks.
00:27:35Watches from the back pew at church.
00:27:36After mass, Mrs. Kowalski talks with other parishioners.
00:27:41Friendly conversations.
00:27:43Normal interactions.
00:27:45No suspicious contacts.
00:27:47No furtive meetings.
00:27:49Just a widow living her life.
00:27:52Lorraine switches to another target.
00:27:54The widow from Baum Boulevard.
00:27:56Mrs. Clara Howell.
00:27:58Different pattern.
00:28:00Mrs. Howell works part-time at a munitions factory in Lawrenceville,
00:28:04one of thousands of women who took factory jobs when the men went to war.
00:28:08She goes to a Red Cross volunteer meeting on Tuesday evenings at the YMCA on Wood Street.
00:28:14Lorraine shows up, pretending to be interested in volunteering.
00:28:18Signs up for the blood drive committee just to maintain her cover.
00:28:22Sits in the back during meetings.
00:28:25Watches Mrs. Howell interact with other volunteers.
00:28:29Nothing unusual.
00:28:30Just a middle-aged woman trying to contribute to the war effort.
00:28:34Days pass.
00:28:36Lorraine's starting to feel ridiculous.
00:28:38She's tailing innocent-looking women like some kind of amateur private detective.
00:28:43Her mother notices her odd hours and asks questions.
00:28:46Quote, 65.
00:28:48Quote, 66.
00:28:49Quote, 67.
00:28:51Quote, 68.
00:28:53Her mother doesn't believe her, but doesn't press.
00:28:56Her father, focused on his own long shifts at Westinghouse, barely notices.
00:29:02Lorraine begins to doubt herself.
00:29:04Maybe these women aren't connected.
00:29:06Maybe the deaths are coincidental.
00:29:09Maybe she's seeing patterns where none exist.
00:29:12Maybe Detective Finch is right to be cautious.
00:29:15But she can't let it go.
00:29:17Something in her gut says there's more to this.
00:29:20She just needs to be patient.
00:29:23Watch longer.
00:29:24Wait for the mistake.
00:29:27The mistake comes on May 18th, 1943.
00:29:31It's a Tuesday evening.
00:29:33Lorraine is following Mrs. Kowalski from church.
00:29:36The widow takes her usual route down Liberty Avenue, but instead of turning toward home,
00:29:41she continues past her street.
00:29:43Walks another three blocks.
00:29:44Lorraine stops at a small diner called Murphy's, a cramped place with a lunch counter and six
00:29:50booths.
00:29:51Lorraine watches from across the street, hiding in the doorway of a closed shoe repair shop.
00:29:56Through the diner's large front window, she sees Mrs. Kowalski sit at a booth in the back.
00:30:01The widow orders coffee.
00:30:04Waits.
00:30:05Ten minutes later, another woman enters the diner.
00:30:09Lorraine recognizes her immediately.
00:30:12Mrs. Clara Howell.
00:30:14The widow from Baum Boulevard.
00:30:16She slides into the booth across from Mrs. Kowalski.
00:30:19They talk.
00:30:21Lorraine can't hear what they're saying, but the body language is telling.
00:30:25Familiar.
00:30:26Comfortable.
00:30:28These women know each other well.
00:30:30They're not chance acquaintances meeting by coincidence.
00:30:33They're friends.
00:30:35Or co-conspirators.
00:30:38Lorraine's heart pounds.
00:30:40She pulls out the small notepad she started carrying.
00:30:43Writes down the time, location, both women's names.
00:30:47Watches through the window.
00:30:49The women talk for 20 minutes.
00:30:52Mrs. Kowalski does most of the talking.
00:30:54Animated, gesturing with her hands.
00:30:57Mrs. Howell listens, nodding occasionally.
00:31:00At one point, Mrs. Howell reaches across the table and squeezes Mrs. Kowalski's hand.
00:31:05Comfort?
00:31:06Support?
00:31:07Lorraine can't tell.
00:31:09Then they stand.
00:31:10Leave money on the table.
00:31:12Walk out together.
00:31:14Lorraine follows at a distance.
00:31:16The two women walk side by side down Liberty Avenue, talking quietly.
00:31:21After two blocks, they stop in front of a narrow brick building.
00:31:24A small brass plaque beside the door reads, quote, 69.
00:31:30They enter.
00:31:32Lorraine waits across the street.
00:31:34Checks her watch.
00:31:366.15 in the evening.
00:31:38Most medical offices close by 5.
00:31:40Why are they here so late?
00:31:4330 minutes pass.
00:31:45Lorraine shifts her weight from foot to foot, trying not to look conspicuous.
00:31:50A few pedestrians pass by.
00:31:52A streetcar rattles past.
00:31:54The sun sinks lower, casting long shadows across the street.
00:31:59Finally, at 6.50, the two women emerge.
00:32:03They stand on the sidewalk for a moment, talking.
00:32:06Then they part ways.
00:32:08Mrs. Kowalski heads east toward Cypress Street.
00:32:11Mrs. Howell heads west toward the streetcar stop.
00:32:14Lorraine doesn't follow either of them.
00:32:17Instead, she crosses the street and approaches the building, looks at the directory beside the door.
00:32:23Second floor.
00:32:24Dr. Bernard Crane, general practice.
00:32:27Office hours, Monday to Friday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
00:32:32It's nearly 7 o'clock.
00:32:34The office should be closed.
00:32:36But the women were just there.
00:32:38Were they patients?
00:32:40Friends?
00:32:42Something else?
00:32:44Lorraine writes down the doctor's name and address in her notepad.
00:32:48Goes home.
00:32:49Sits at the kitchen table.
00:32:51Her mind racing.
00:32:53Two widows.
00:32:54Both connected to suspicious deaths.
00:32:57Both visiting the same doctor after hours.
00:33:00This can't be coincidence.
00:33:03The next morning, Lorraine goes to the Carnegie Library on her lunch break.
00:33:08Looks up Dr. Bernard Crane in the city directory.
00:33:11His office is listed at 847 Liberty Avenue.
00:33:14Been practicing in Pittsburgh for about 10 years, according to the directory.
00:33:18Nothing unusual in the listing.
00:33:20Just a general practitioner.
00:33:23One of hundreds in the city.
00:33:25But Lorraine's instincts tell her this is the connection she's been looking for.
00:33:29She goes to Detective Finch that afternoon.
00:33:32I think I found something important.
00:33:35Dr. Bernard Crane.
00:33:37Who's he?
00:33:39I saw two of the widows together.
00:33:41They went to his office.
00:33:43Finch writes down the name.
00:33:45I'll check him out.
00:33:48June 1943.
00:33:50Finch investigates Dr. Crane with methodical precision.
00:33:53On the surface, Bernard Crane is unremarkable.
00:33:57Fifty-four years old, thin-billed, graying hair, wire-rimmed glasses.
00:34:02Graduated from Case Western Reserve Medical School in Cleveland in 1915.
00:34:06Served briefly in the Army Medical Corps during the Great War.
00:34:10Started private practice in Cleveland in 1920.
00:34:13Moved to Pittsburgh in 1932.
00:34:16Built a small but loyal patient base over the past 11 years.
00:34:20Mostly women.
00:34:21Mostly working class.
00:34:23Mostly Catholic.
00:34:25Finch digs deeper.
00:34:27Finch digs deeper.
00:34:28Requests records from Cleveland PD.
00:34:30Takes two weeks to get a response.
00:34:32When the file arrives, it's thin but revealing.
00:34:35Dr. Bernard Crane was arrested on June 14, 1931,
00:34:39for performing an illegal abortion on a 19-year-old factory worker named Marie Kowalczyk.
00:34:45The girl hemorrhaged and nearly died.
00:34:48Her father reported Crane to the police.
00:34:51Crane was charged with felony medical malpractice and performing an illegal procedure.
00:34:56The case went to trial in September 1931.
00:34:59But the girl refused to testify.
00:35:02Said she'd lied about Crane's involvement.
00:35:05Said she'd tried to self-abort with a knitting needle.
00:35:08The jury acquitted Crane for lack of evidence.
00:35:11But the scandal destroyed his Cleveland practice.
00:35:15Patients left.
00:35:16Colleagues shunned him.
00:35:18He closed his office in January 1932 and moved to Pittsburgh two months later.
00:35:23Finch brings this information to his captain.
00:35:26Crane has a history of illegal medical practice.
00:35:28He's willing to break the law to help women in difficult situations.
00:35:33The captain is unimpressed.
00:35:35That was over a decade ago.
00:35:37He was acquitted.
00:35:39You can't arrest a man for something he didn't do 12 years ago.
00:35:42But it shows a pattern.
00:35:44He helps women who have no other options.
00:35:48Helping isn't the same as killing.
00:35:50You still don't have proof he's involved in these deaths.
00:35:53Finch knows the captain is right, but his gut tells him Crane is the key.
00:35:59He decides to interview Crane's current patients.
00:36:02Spends a week sitting outside Crane's office watching women come and go.
00:36:06Approaches them on the street after their appointments.
00:36:09Shows his badge.
00:36:10Asks if they'd be willing to answer a few questions.
00:36:13Most refuse.
00:36:15Quote, 78.
00:36:17Quote, 79.
00:36:19One woman spits at his feet and walks away.
00:36:22But a few agree.
00:36:25Mrs. Dorothy Simmons, age 42, machinist's wife, three children.
00:36:30Dr. Crane is a good man, she says.
00:36:33He listens.
00:36:35Doesn't judge.
00:36:36Most doctors treat women like we're hysterical children.
00:36:40Dr. Crane treats us like human beings.
00:36:43Finch asks what brings her to see him.
00:36:45Headaches.
00:36:47Nerves.
00:36:48You know.
00:36:49Life.
00:36:50Does she know any other patients of Dr. Crane's?
00:36:54Underscore, underscore, quote, underscore, 83, underscore, underscore.
00:36:59Anyone whose husband recently died?
00:37:02Mrs. Simmons' expression shifts.
00:37:04Guarded.
00:37:05Why are you asking that?
00:37:08Just routine questions, Finch says.
00:37:11Mrs. Simmons shakes her head.
00:37:13I don't know anything about that.
00:37:16Walks away quickly.
00:37:18Mrs. Helen Kowalski, age 38.
00:37:21No relation to Edith Kowalski, widow of a steelworker who died in a factory accident.
00:37:27Dr. Crane helped me when my husband passed, she says.
00:37:31Gave me something for the grief, for the sleepless nights.
00:37:35I don't know what I would have done without him.
00:37:37Did he ever suggest anything else?
00:37:40Anything unusual?
00:37:43Like what?
00:37:45Like ways to cope with a difficult marriage.
00:37:48Mrs. Kowalski's face hardens.
00:37:51Underscore, underscore, quote, underscore, 89, underscore, underscore.
00:37:55Finch apologizes.
00:37:57Wrong person.
00:37:59Wrong death.
00:38:00He moves on.
00:38:02Mrs. Agnes Brennan's neighbor, Mrs. Ruth Patterson is more forthcoming.
00:38:06I knew Agnes before Gerald died, she says.
00:38:09That man was a brute, came home drunk every Friday, beat her black and blue.
00:38:15She called the police twice.
00:38:17They did nothing, told her to be a better wife.
00:38:20She went to Father Murphy at St. Patrick's.
00:38:23He told her marriage is sacred.
00:38:25She made her vows before God.
00:38:27She was trapped.
00:38:29Did she know Dr. Crane?
00:38:32I think so.
00:38:34Agnes mentioned him once, said he understood her, said he actually listened.
00:38:39Did Agnes ever talk about wanting her husband dead?
00:38:43Mrs. Patterson hesitates.
00:38:46Not in those words.
00:38:47But once, after a particularly bad beating, she said she wished Gerald would just drop dead.
00:38:53But lots of wives say that, doesn't mean anything.
00:38:58Finch makes notes.
00:39:00It's all circumstantial, hearsay, nothing that would hold up in court.
00:39:05But the pattern is becoming clearer.
00:39:08He interviews Dr. Crane's nurse, a prim woman in her 50s named Miss Gertrude Wells.
00:39:13She's worked for Crane since 1935, quote, 94, quote, she says stiffly, quote, 95, quote.
00:39:24Does he ever see patients after hours?
00:39:26Quote, 96, quote.
00:39:30What kind of emergencies?
00:39:31Quote, 97, quote.
00:39:35Has she ever noticed anything unusual, suspicious?
00:39:38Quote, 98, quote.
00:39:42Finch doesn't believe her, but he can't prove she's lying.
00:39:46He brings all of this to Lorraine over coffee at a diner on Penn Avenue.
00:39:50Crane is connected to at least two of the widows.
00:39:53He has a history of illegal practice.
00:39:56He's known for helping women in desperate situations.
00:39:59But I can't prove he's involved in murder.
00:40:02Lorraine stirs her coffee.
00:40:05What if I go to him?
00:40:06Pretend I need help with a difficult husband?
00:40:09Finch looks alarmed.
00:40:12Absolutely not.
00:40:13Too dangerous.
00:40:15But it might be the only way to get proof.
00:40:18Miss Cassidy, you're a civilian.
00:40:20You're not trained for this kind of work.
00:40:23If Crane suspects you're setting him up, you could get hurt.
00:40:26Or worse.
00:40:28Then what do we do?
00:40:30Finch thinks for a long moment, stares into his coffee cup.
00:40:35I'll confront him.
00:40:37Put pressure on him.
00:40:38See if he cracks.
00:40:40June 22nd, 1943.
00:40:43Finch goes to Dr. Crane's office at 847 Liberty Avenue.
00:40:48The building is old.
00:40:50Pre-war construction.
00:40:51Narrow and poorly lit.
00:40:54He climbs the stairs to the second floor.
00:40:56The hallway smells of disinfectant and old wood.
00:41:00A frosted glass door reads,
00:41:02Underscore, Underscore, Quote, Underscore, 106, Underscore, Underscore, Finch.
00:41:09Opens it.
00:41:10Inside, a small waiting room.
00:41:13Three chairs.
00:41:14A magazine table.
00:41:16A receptionist's desk.
00:41:18Miss Wells sits behind it, typing on an old underwood.
00:41:21She looks up.
00:41:23Can I help you?
00:41:25Finch shows his badge.
00:41:28Detective Andrew Finch, Pittsburgh police.
00:41:30I need to speak with Dr. Crane.
00:41:33Miss Wells' expression doesn't change.
00:41:36Do you have an appointment?
00:41:38No, but I think he'll want to see me.
00:41:41She picks up the telephone, dials an internal extension.
00:41:45Doctor, there's a police detective here to see you.
00:41:48Pause.
00:41:49He says it's important.
00:41:51Pause.
00:41:53Yes, sir.
00:41:54She hangs up.
00:41:56Dr. Crane will see you in a moment.
00:41:59Finch waits.
00:42:00Five minutes pass.
00:42:02Finally, an inner door opens.
00:42:05Dr. Crane emerges.
00:42:07Tall, thin, sharp features, wire-rimmed glasses.
00:42:11White coat over a gray suit.
00:42:13He extends a hand.
00:42:15Detective Finch.
00:42:17I'm Dr. Crane.
00:42:18Please, come into my office.
00:42:20They shake.
00:42:22Crane's grip is firm, but not aggressive.
00:42:25Professional.
00:42:26He leads Finch into a cramped office.
00:42:29Medical charts stacked on the desk.
00:42:31Anatomy posters on the walls.
00:42:33A bookshelf packed with medical texts.
00:42:36Two chairs facing each other across a small desk.
00:42:39Crane sits behind the desk.
00:42:41Gestures for Finch to sit across from him.
00:42:45Underscore, underscore, quote, underscore, one, one, six, underscore, underscore.
00:42:50Crane's voice is calm.
00:42:52Measured.
00:42:53No nervousness.
00:42:55Finch decides to be direct.
00:42:57I'm investigating a series of suspicious deaths.
00:43:00Middle-aged men.
00:43:02All died of cardiac failure over the past year.
00:43:05All their widows were patients of yours.
00:43:08Crane nods slowly.
00:43:09I have many patients, detective.
00:43:12Many of them are widows.
00:43:14That's not unusual.
00:43:16These widows all obtain prescriptions for dangerous drug combinations.
00:43:20Drugs that, when taken together, can cause fatal heart attacks.
00:43:25Crane's expression doesn't change.
00:43:28Are you accusing me of prescribing those medications?
00:43:31Did you?
00:43:33I have to check my records.
00:43:35I see 30 to 40 patients a week.
00:43:37I can't remember every prescription I write.
00:43:40Crane opens a filing cabinet, pulls out several patient folders, flips through them methodically.
00:43:47Here's Mrs. Edith Kowalski.
00:43:49I've been treating her for anxiety and depression since her husband's death.
00:43:53I prescribed her mild sedatives.
00:43:55Nothing dangerous.
00:43:57He shows Finch the chart.
00:43:59Finch examines it.
00:44:01The prescriptions listed are standard, low-dose barbiturates, nothing that would cause a heart
00:44:06attack.
00:44:08What about before her husband died?
00:44:10Before?
00:44:11Crane flips back through the chart.
00:44:14I saw her a few times, treated her for bruising, contusions.
00:44:19She said she was clumsy, fell downstairs, walked into doors.
00:44:24He looks at Finch.
00:44:25Classic signs of domestic abuse.
00:44:28I documented it in case she ever needed evidence for legal proceedings.
00:44:33Did you suggest she leave her husband?
00:44:35I suggested she consider her safety.
00:44:38I gave her information about women's shelters, about legal aid societies.
00:44:43Did you suggest any other options?
00:44:46Crane's eyes narrow slightly.
00:44:55Crane leans back in his chair.
00:45:00Crane stands.
00:45:17Crane stands.
00:45:18Crane, you have nothing.
00:45:19He walks to the door, opens it.
00:45:22Good day, detective.
00:45:24Finch walks through, turns back.
00:45:27I'll be watching you, Dr. Crane.
00:45:30Every patient.
00:45:31Every prescription.
00:45:33Every move.
00:45:35Crane smiles thinly.
00:45:37Feel free.
00:45:38I have nothing to hide.
00:45:41I have nothing to hide.
00:45:41Finch leaves the building.
00:45:43His hands are shaking with frustration.
00:45:46Crane is too calm.
00:45:48Too prepared.
00:45:49He's been through this before.
00:45:51In Cleveland.
00:45:52He knows how to handle police inquiries, knows how to cover his tracks.
00:45:58Finch goes back to the station, writes up his notes, but he knows it's not enough.
00:46:03He needs hard evidence, a confession, a witness, something concrete.
00:46:11The next day, Finch receives a phone call.
00:46:13It's the pharmacist Helen Burke from Oakland Apothecary.
00:46:16Quote, 142, quote, 143, quote, 144, quote, 145, quote, 146.
00:46:32Finch writes it down.
00:46:34Forty Finch drives to Oakland Apothecary.
00:46:37Helen Burke is waiting for him.
00:46:39She hands him photocopies of the prescriptions.
00:46:41Three different doctors.
00:46:43Three medications that, together, create a dangerous cardiac risk.
00:46:48Finch thanks her, takes the copies, adds Mrs. Lillian Mercer to his list.
00:46:54That night, he drives past her house on Negley Avenue.
00:46:58Lights are on.
00:46:59A figure moves behind the curtains.
00:47:02He sits in his car and watches.
00:47:05Feels like a stalker.
00:47:07But this is police work.
00:47:09Sometimes it's unglamorous.
00:47:11Sometimes, it's just sitting in the dark, watching windows, waiting for something to
00:47:16happen.
00:47:18July 1943.
00:47:20Nothing happens.
00:47:22No new suspicious prescriptions at Mercer's.
00:47:25No new deaths in the obituaries.
00:47:28The widows go about their lives quietly.
00:47:30Crane continues his practice.
00:47:33Finch watches them all, but has no grounds for arrest.
00:47:36Lorraine keeps working at the pharmacy, keeps checking prescriptions, keeps recording anything
00:47:42unusual.
00:47:43But the trail has gone cold.
00:47:46Weeks pass.
00:47:48Lorraine starts to wonder if Finch's visit scared Crane off.
00:47:51Maybe he stopped whatever he was doing.
00:47:54Maybe it's over.
00:47:56Then, on July 29, 1943, a new customer comes into Mercer's pharmacy.
00:48:02A woman in her forties, nervous, clutching three prescriptions.
00:48:08Different doctors.
00:48:09Risky drug combinations.
00:48:11The same pattern.
00:48:13Lorraine's heart sinks.
00:48:15It's not over.
00:48:17It's still happening.
00:48:19Lorraine fills the prescriptions.
00:48:21Her hands steady now.
00:48:22She's done this enough times.
00:48:24But inside, she's screaming.
00:48:26How many more?
00:48:28How long will this go on?
00:48:29After the woman leaves, Lorraine calls Finch.
00:48:33It's happening again.
00:48:35Finch curses.
00:48:37Address?
00:48:38Lorraine gives it.
00:48:401822 Ellsworth Avenue.
00:48:42I'll check it out.
00:48:44Three weeks later, on August 22, an obituary appears.
00:48:49Gerald Brennan, age 57, died of heart failure.
00:48:53Address.
00:48:551822 Ellsworth Avenue.
00:48:58Lorraine cuts it out.
00:49:00Adds it to her ledger.
00:49:02Brings it to Finch.
00:49:04Finch stares at the clipping.
00:49:06This has to stop.
00:49:08Now.
00:49:10How?
00:49:11I don't know yet.
00:49:13But I'm not giving up.
00:49:15September 1943.
00:49:18Finch decides to take a different approach.
00:49:20Instead of confronting Crane, he starts investigating Crane's past more thoroughly.
00:49:25Travels to Cleveland, where Crane practiced before coming to Pittsburgh.
00:49:29Talks to former colleagues, former patients.
00:49:33Discovers that Crane had a reputation for helping women in abusive marriages.
00:49:37Some called him a saint.
00:49:39Others called him dangerous.
00:49:40One retired nurse, a woman named Margaret Flynn, tells Finch something chilling.
00:49:47Quote, 161.
00:49:50Quote, 162.
00:49:53Quote, 163.
00:49:56Quote, 164.
00:50:00Quote, 165.
00:50:04Quote, 166.
00:50:08Quote, 167.
00:50:12Finch returns to Pittsburgh with this information.
00:50:15Brings it to his superiors.
00:50:17They're skeptical.
00:50:18This is all hearsay.
00:50:21Ancient history.
00:50:22You need concrete evidence.
00:50:25I have a pattern.
00:50:26Multiple deaths.
00:50:28Multiple connections to Crane.
00:50:30Patterns aren't proof.
00:50:32Bring me something solid.
00:50:34Finch is frustrated, but doesn't give up.
00:50:37He brings what he's learned to Lorraine.
00:50:40Crane's been doing this for years.
00:50:42Maybe over a decade.
00:50:44He's smart.
00:50:45Careful.
00:50:46He doesn't leave obvious trails.
00:50:49There has to be a way to catch him.
00:50:52There is.
00:50:53But it's risky.
00:50:55What is it?
00:50:57We need one of the women to confess.
00:51:00October, 1943.
00:51:02Finch identifies the most recent widow, Mrs. Agnes Brennan, whose husband Gerald died
00:51:07in August.
00:51:09He's been watching her for two weeks, documented her movements, her shopping trips, her visits
00:51:15to church, and most importantly, her visits to Dr. Crane's office three times in September
00:51:21alone.
00:51:22Always after hours.
00:51:24Always through the back entrance on the alley.
00:51:27Finch decides it's time to apply direct pressure.
00:51:31On October 14th, he shows up at her door unannounced.
00:51:35It's a Thursday afternoon.
00:51:37Mrs. Brennan answers wearing an apron, flower on her hands.
00:51:41Can I help you?
00:51:43Mrs. Brennan, I'm Detective Andrew Finch, Pittsburgh police.
00:51:47I need to talk to you about your husband's death.
00:51:51Her face goes pale.
00:51:54My husband died of a heart attack.
00:51:56There's nothing to talk about.
00:51:58May I come in?
00:52:00She hesitates, then steps aside.
00:52:04I suppose.
00:52:06Finch enters a small, tidy home.
00:52:08Modest furniture, lace curtains, a photograph of Gerald Brennan in uniform from the First World
00:52:14War on the mantle.
00:52:16Mrs. Brennan leads him to the living room.
00:52:19They sit.
00:52:20Finch pulls out his notebook.
00:52:21Mrs. Brennan, I know what happened to your husband.
00:52:25I know you caused his death.
00:52:28She goes rigid.
00:52:29That's a terrible thing to say.
00:52:32Is it untrue?
00:52:34Of course it's untrue.
00:52:36Gerald had a weak heart.
00:52:37The doctor said, which doctor?
00:52:40Dr. Crane?
00:52:41Her mouth opens, closes.
00:52:45Dr. Crane is my physician.
00:52:47There's nothing wrong with that.
00:52:49He's also the physician of four other widows whose husbands died under similar circumstances.
00:52:55All heart attacks.
00:52:56All within weeks of obtaining dangerous prescription combinations.
00:53:01Mrs. Brennan's hands shake.
00:53:04Quote, Finch leans forward.
00:53:07She starts crying.
00:53:09102, Finch softens his tone.
00:53:13She nods through tears.
00:53:15She sobs harder.
00:53:17Finch takes out his notepad.
00:53:19Mrs. Brennan looks terrified.
00:53:22Mrs. Brennan wipes her eyes, takes a shaky breath.
00:53:27Finch feels ice in his veins.
00:53:29A dozen or more.
00:53:32This is bigger than he thought.
00:53:34She nods.
00:53:36She 30, Mrs. Brennan takes the pen.
00:53:39Her hand trembles as she writes.
00:53:42Two hours later, Finch has a signed detailed confession.
00:53:47Eight pages.
00:53:48Names.
00:53:49Dates.
00:53:50Specific instructions from Dr. Crane.
00:53:53The medications used.
00:53:54The dosages.
00:53:56The timeline.
00:53:57Everything he needs.
00:54:00October 28th, 1943.
00:54:04Finch presents the confession to the district attorney.
00:54:07D.A.
00:54:08Thomas Hartley reads through it carefully.
00:54:10Looks up.
00:54:12Quote.
00:54:13204.
00:54:14Quote.
00:54:15Quote.
00:54:17Quote.
00:54:17205.
00:54:18Quote.
00:54:19Quote.
00:54:20206.
00:54:22Quote.
00:54:23Quote.
00:54:23Finch works fast.
00:54:25Over the next week, he interviews Mrs. Edith Kowalski and Mrs. Clara Howell.
00:54:30Both crack under pressure.
00:54:32Both admit what they did.
00:54:34Both implicate Dr. Crane.
00:54:37By November 5th, Finch has three signed confessions.
00:54:41All consistent.
00:54:42All naming Dr. Crane as the architect.
00:54:45D.A. Hartley issues an arrest warrant.
00:54:48On November 8th, 1943, Finch and four uniformed officers go to Dr. Crane's office.
00:54:54They enter during office hours.
00:54:56Ms. Wells tries to protest.
00:54:59You can't just barge in here.
00:55:01Finch shows the warrant.
00:55:03Yes, we can.
00:55:04They find Crane in his office with a patient, a pregnant woman in her 20s.
00:55:10Finch apologizes to her, asks her to leave.
00:55:13She does, frightened.
00:55:16Then Finch turns to Crane.
00:55:18Dr. Bernard Crane, you're under arrest for conspiracy to commit murder.
00:55:24Crane doesn't resist.
00:55:25Doesn't protest.
00:55:27Doesn't protest.
00:55:27Just stands.
00:55:28Removes his white coat.
00:55:30Extends his wrists for the handcuffs.
00:55:32I assume you have evidence this time.
00:55:36Three confessions.
00:55:37Detailed testimony.
00:55:39Prescription records.
00:55:40You're done, doctor.
00:55:43Crane is taken to Allegheny County Jail.
00:55:45Arraigned the next day.
00:55:47Pleads not guilty.
00:55:48Hires Samuel Goldman, one of Pittsburgh's most expensive criminal defense attorneys.
00:55:54Goldman immediately attacks the confessions.
00:55:57Underscore, underscore, quote, underscore, two, one, two, underscore, underscore, October 28th, 1943.
00:56:04Finch arrests Dr. Bernard Crane.
00:56:07Charges him with conspiracy to commit murder.
00:56:10Crane denies everything.
00:56:13Hires Samuel Goldman, one of Pittsburgh's most expensive criminal defense attorneys.
00:56:18Goldman immediately files motions to suppress the confessions.
00:56:21Coerced testimony.
00:56:23Obtained under duress.
00:56:25Unreliable.
00:56:27But Judge Walter Brennan, no relation to Mrs. Agnes Brennan, denies the motions.
00:56:33The trial is set for February 1944.
00:56:37The prosecution has more than just confessions.
00:56:40Over November and December, Finch builds the case brick by brick.
00:56:43He exhumes the body of Gerald Brennan.
00:56:46The autopsy reveals elevated levels of digitalis and other cardiac glycosides in the tissue samples.
00:56:52Not conclusive proof of murder, Gerald had heart problems, but consistent with overdose.
00:56:58He interviews pharmacists across Pittsburgh.
00:57:01Eight of them remember filling suspicious prescriptions.
00:57:05Three kept copies, which they provide to Finch.
00:57:08He interviews doctors whose signatures appeared on the prescriptions.
00:57:11Four identify them as forgeries.
00:57:15Two admit they may have signed blank prescription forms that Crane or the women could have filled
00:57:19in later.
00:57:20Sloppy practice, but it happens.
00:57:24By January 1944, the prosecution has a mountain of evidence.
00:57:29Three confessed co-conspirators.
00:57:31Exhumation results.
00:57:33Prescription records.
00:57:35Testimony from pharmacists.
00:57:37Expert witnesses on drug interactions.
00:57:39A timeline showing pattern and intent.
00:57:42D.A. Hartley is confident.
00:57:45We're going to bury him.
00:57:47But Goldman is a skilled attorney.
00:57:49He attacks every piece of evidence.
00:57:52The confessions?
00:57:53Women desperate to avoid prison will say anything.
00:57:57The exhumation?
00:57:59Inconclusive.
00:58:00The man had heart disease.
00:58:02Of course there's digitalis in his system.
00:58:04He was prescribed it for his condition.
00:58:06The prescriptions?
00:58:09Circumstantial.
00:58:10No proof Dr. Crane wrote them or knew how they'd be used.
00:58:14The pattern?
00:58:16Coincidence.
00:58:17Dr. Crane treats many patients.
00:58:20Some have difficult marriages.
00:58:22Some husbands die.
00:58:24That's not murder.
00:58:25The trial begins on February 7th, 1944.
00:58:30Allegheny County Courthouse.
00:58:32Courtroom packed with spectators, reporters, curious citizens.
00:58:36The case has become a sensation.
00:58:39Newspapers run headlines.
00:58:41Doctor of death.
00:58:43Mercy killer or cold-blooded murderer.
00:58:46Wives who killed on prescription.
00:58:48The prosecution calls witnesses methodically.
00:58:51First, Detective Finch.
00:58:54He testifies about his investigation.
00:58:56The suspicious deaths.
00:58:58The pattern.
00:58:59The connection to Dr. Crane.
00:59:01Under cross-examination, Goldman hammers him.
00:59:05Detective, do you have any physical evidence?
00:59:08A letter?
00:59:08A recording?
00:59:09A witness?
00:59:10Showing Dr. Crane explicitly told these women to kill their husbands?
00:59:15Not in those exact words, but…
00:59:18Yes or no, detective?
00:59:20No.
00:59:21Then you're asking this jury to convict based on inference and speculation.
00:59:26Next, the prosecution calls Lorraine Cassidy.
00:59:30She takes the stand, nervous but determined.
00:59:33Describes how she first noticed the suspicious prescriptions.
00:59:36Her ledger.
00:59:38Her investigation.
00:59:39Her documentation.
00:59:40Under cross-examination, Goldman is dismissive.
00:59:43Miss Cassidy, you're a pharmacist, not a detective.
00:59:47Isn't it possible you misunderstood what you saw?
00:59:50That you let your imagination run wild?
00:59:53No, sir.
00:59:55The drug combinations were dangerous, potentially fatal.
00:59:59Potentially, but not definitely.
01:00:01People take dangerous medications all the time and survive.
01:00:05Not in these combinations.
01:00:08Not at these dosages.
01:00:09But you're not a doctor.
01:00:11You don't make those determinations.
01:00:14I'm a licensed pharmacist.
01:00:16I'm trained to recognize dangerous interactions.
01:00:19And yet, you filled those prescriptions.
01:00:22If you truly believed they were deadly, why did you dispense them?
01:00:26Lorraine hesitates.
01:00:28Because I didn't have proof.
01:00:30I couldn't refuse without evidence.
01:00:33So you gave out medications you believed could kill people.
01:00:37I documented everything and reported it to the authorities.
01:00:41After the men were already dead.
01:00:44Lorraine's face flushes.
01:00:46Goldman sits down.
01:00:48The prosecution calls Mrs. Agnes Brennan.
01:00:51She takes the stand trembling.
01:00:53Testifies about Gerald's abuse.
01:00:55The beatings.
01:00:57The threats.
01:00:58Her desperation.
01:00:59How Dr. Crane offered her a way out.
01:01:02How he gave her specific instructions.
01:01:05Told her which medications to obtain.
01:01:07How to administer them.
01:01:09How long it would take.
01:01:11The courtroom is silent as she speaks.
01:01:13Some jurors look sympathetic.
01:01:16Others look skeptical.
01:01:17Goldman's cross-examination is brutal.
01:01:19Quote 238.
01:01:22Quote 239.
01:01:25Quote 240.
01:01:27Quote 241.
01:01:29Quote 242.
01:01:32Quote 243.
01:01:35Quote 244.
01:01:37Quote 245.
01:01:40Quote 246.
01:01:43Quote 247.
01:01:45Quote 248.
01:01:47quote, 249, quote, 250, quote, 251, quote, 252, quote, 253, quote, 254, quote, 255.
01:02:08Goldman turns to the jury.
01:02:10The prosecution objects.
01:02:12Judge Brennan sustains.
01:02:13But the damage is done.
01:02:15The prosecution calls expert witnesses.
01:02:18Dr. Harriet Volker testifies about the danger of the drug combinations.
01:02:23Quote, 257, quote.
01:02:27Under cross-examination, Goldman asks, quote, 258, quote, quote, 259, quote, quote, 260, quote,
01:02:40quote, 261, quote, quote.
01:02:45262, quote, quote, 263, quote, quote, 264, quote, 265, quote, 266.
01:03:00The defense calls its own witnesses.
01:03:04Dr. Crane takes the stand in his own defense.
01:03:07Calm, articulate, confident.
01:03:10He testifies that he treated these women for legitimate conditions, depression, anxiety,
01:03:16trauma from domestic abuse.
01:03:18Underscore, underscore, quote, underscore, 267, underscore, underscore.
01:03:24The prosecution's cross-examination is aggressive.
01:03:28Dr. Crane, isn't it true you were arrested in Cleveland for performing an illegal abortion?
01:03:33I was arrested.
01:03:35I was acquitted.
01:03:36But the accusation damaged your reputation.
01:03:40Yes.
01:03:41Forced you to leave Cleveland.
01:03:43I chose to leave.
01:03:45And start over in Pittsburgh, where no one knew about your past.
01:03:49I started over, yes.
01:03:52Is that a crime?
01:03:54It shows a pattern of illegal medical practice.
01:03:57Objection, Goldman shouts.
01:04:00Sustained, says Judge Brennan.
01:04:02The prosecutor switches tactics.
01:04:05Dr. Crane, how many of your patients are widows?
01:04:08I don't keep statistics.
01:04:11Estimate.
01:04:13Perhaps 30%.
01:04:14And how many of those husbands died of heart attacks?
01:04:18I wouldn't know.
01:04:21Isn't it unusual for so many of your patients to be widows?
01:04:25I treat many women in difficult situations.
01:04:28Unfortunately, some of those situations involve abusive husbands.
01:04:32And stressed, abusive men often die young.
01:04:36How convenient for your patients.
01:04:39Objection.
01:04:40Sustained.
01:04:42The trial lasts two weeks.
01:04:45Both sides present compelling arguments.
01:04:48The prosecution paints Crane as a serial killer hiding behind a medical license.
01:04:53The defense paints him as a compassionate doctor being scapegoated by desperate women.
01:04:58The jury deliberates for three days.
01:05:01On February 24, 1944, they return a verdict.
01:05:06Guilty on five counts of conspiracy to commit murder.
01:05:09The courtroom erupts.
01:05:11Crane's face doesn't change.
01:05:14Goldman immediately files an appeal.
01:05:16Judge Brennan sets sentencing for March 1st.
01:05:19When that day comes, Crane stands before the judge.
01:05:23Do you have anything to say before I pass sentence?
01:05:27Crane speaks for the first time with emotion in his voice.
01:05:30I dedicated my life to helping women who had no other help.
01:05:34I won't apologize for that.
01:05:37Judge Brennan is unmoved.
01:05:40You're not being punished for helping women, Dr. Crane.
01:05:43You're being punished for helping them commit murder.
01:05:4625 years in state prison.
01:05:49The widows who confessed receive lighter sentences, five to eight years, with credit for cooperation.
01:05:55The others, who never confessed, are never charged.
01:05:59Insufficient evidence.
01:06:01Lorraine follows the trial closely.
01:06:03When the verdict is announced, she feels a weight lift.
01:06:07It's over.
01:06:08She stopped them.
01:06:10Saved lives.
01:06:11Proved that one person paying attention can make a difference.
01:06:14But it's not entirely over, because on March 5th, 1944, Lorraine receives a letter.
01:06:22No return address.
01:06:23Inside, a single sheet of paper with a typewritten message.
01:06:28You ruined everything.
01:06:30You condemned us to suffer.
01:06:32We won't forget.
01:06:35Lorraine shows the letter to Finch.
01:06:37He shrugs.
01:06:38Empty threats.
01:06:40Ignore it.
01:06:41Lorraine tries, but she can't shake the feeling that she's made enemies.
01:06:47Dangerous enemies.
01:06:48Women who lost their only way out.
01:06:51Women who blame her for their imprisonment.
01:06:55Weeks pass.
01:06:56Nothing happens.
01:06:58Lorraine starts to relax.
01:07:00Returns to her normal routine.
01:07:02Work.
01:07:03Home.
01:07:04Life goes on.
01:07:05The war continues.
01:07:07Her father works longer hours at the plant,
01:07:10making parts for bombers.
01:07:12Her mother volunteers with the Red Cross.
01:07:15Lorraine buys war bonds.
01:07:17Saves ration coupons.
01:07:19Listens to Edward R. Murrow on the radio.
01:07:22The trial fades into memory.
01:07:24Life in Pittsburgh returns to normal.
01:07:27But Lorraine never forgets.
01:07:29She keeps her ledger.
01:07:31Keeps watching prescriptions.
01:07:33Keeps checking for patterns.
01:07:35In August 1945, the war ends.
01:07:38Men come home.
01:07:39The city celebrates.
01:07:41Lorraine's life continues quietly.
01:07:43She never marries.
01:07:45Never has children.
01:07:46Works at Mercer's Pharmacy until 1968, when she retires at 47.
01:07:52Lives alone in the Lawrenceville Row House after her parents pass away.
01:07:56Her father in 1959.
01:07:58Her mother in 1963.
01:08:01She reads books.
01:08:02Watches television.
01:08:04Keeps to herself.
01:08:06Occasionally, Detective Finch, retired now, living in the suburbs, calls to check in.
01:08:11They meet for coffee once a year.
01:08:13Talk about the case.
01:08:15About Crane.
01:08:16About the women.
01:08:18You saved lives, Finch always says.
01:08:21You did something extraordinary.
01:08:24Lorraine doesn't feel extraordinary.
01:08:27She feels like she did what anyone should do.
01:08:29Notice.
01:08:30Speak up.
01:08:32Don't look away.
01:08:34That's all.
01:08:35Years pass.
01:08:37Dr. Crane dies in prison in 1967.
01:08:4023 years into his sentence.
01:08:43Heart attack, ironically.
01:08:45The widows who were convicted are released in the mid-1950s.
01:08:49Some on parole.
01:08:50Some after serving full sentences.
01:08:53Lorraine sees one of them once, in 1965, at a grocery store.
01:08:58The woman, Mrs. Kowalski, whose husband was one of the first victims,
01:09:02looks at Lorraine across the produce aisle.
01:09:05Their eyes meet.
01:09:07Neither speaks.
01:09:09Mrs. Kowalski turns and walks away.
01:09:12Lorraine understands.
01:09:13To that woman, she's not a hero.
01:09:17She's the person who destroyed her life.
01:09:19Sent her to prison.
01:09:21Made her suffer.
01:09:22The woman will hate her forever.
01:09:25Lorraine accepts this.
01:09:27She made a choice.
01:09:29Stood for what was right.
01:09:31Saved innocent people from being harmed.
01:09:33That's what matters.
01:09:36In 1975, at age 54, Lorraine is diagnosed with breath cancer.
01:09:41She undergoes surgery, then radiation treatment at Allegheny General Hospital.
01:09:46The prognosis is uncertain.
01:09:49She might have five years.
01:09:51She might have ten.
01:09:52She accepts it calmly.
01:09:54Death doesn't scare her.
01:09:57She's seen enough of it.
01:09:59Stopped enough of it.
01:10:00To respect it without fearing it.
01:10:02Her friends from the pharmacy visit.
01:10:05Bring flowers, casseroles, magazines.
01:10:08Finch comes to, now in his late 70s, frail but still sharp.
01:10:13They sit in her living room and reminisce.
01:10:16Do you regret it?
01:10:18He asks.
01:10:19Starting all this?
01:10:21Lorraine thinks.
01:10:22No.
01:10:23Not for a second.
01:10:26Even knowing what it cost you?
01:10:28What did it cost me?
01:10:30Finch gestures around the room.
01:10:33A normal life.
01:10:34A family.
01:10:36Peace.
01:10:37Lorraine shakes her head.
01:10:39I had a life.
01:10:41I had purpose.
01:10:43I did something that mattered.
01:10:45That's more than most people can say.
01:10:48Finch nods.
01:10:49You're right.
01:10:50You changed things.
01:10:52Stopped evil.
01:10:53That's what counts.
01:10:56They sit in silence for a while.
01:10:58Then Finch says,
01:11:00I never told you this, but after the trial, I got a letter.
01:11:04Anonymous.
01:11:05It said,
01:11:07Thank you for stopping Dr. Crane.
01:11:09He helped kill my father in Cleveland in 1929.
01:11:12I always knew it wasn't natural, but no one believed me.
01:11:16Now I have closure.
01:11:19That letter made me realize we probably only caught a fraction of what he did.
01:11:24He might have been involved in dozens of deaths over the years.
01:11:28Lorraine absorbs this.
01:11:30Then we did the right thing.
01:11:33Absolutely.
01:11:34Lorraine survives another 12 years.
01:11:37The cancer goes into remission.
01:11:39She lives quietly.
01:11:41Peacefully.
01:11:42Dies in her sleep in 1987 at age 66.
01:11:46A small funeral.
01:11:48A handful of old friends.
01:11:50A quiet burial in Allegheny Cemetery.
01:11:52No headlines.
01:11:54No tributes.
01:11:55No historical markers.
01:11:57The story of Lorraine Cassidy, the pharmacist who stopped a serial killer, fades into Pittsburgh's forgotten history.
01:12:04But not entirely forgotten.
01:12:07Because Detective Finch, before he dies in 1983 at age 84, writes a memoir.
01:12:13A small press book titled, underscore, underscore, quote, underscore, three, zero, eight, underscore, underscore, underscore.
01:12:22It sells modestly, a few hundred copies.
01:12:25But it ensures that Lorraine's story survives.
01:12:28That her courage is remembered.
01:12:30That her example endures.
01:12:32The lesson is simple.
01:12:34One person can make a difference.
01:12:36One person paying attention, asking questions, refusing to look away, can change everything.
01:12:43Lorraine Cassidy proved it.
01:12:46On January 8th, 1943, when she wrote down a suspicious prescription in her ledger,
01:12:52she set in motion a chain of events that saved lives, brought a killer to justice,
01:12:56and demonstrated that ordinary people are capable of extraordinary things.
01:13:01All it takes is courage.
01:13:03All it takes is conscience.
01:13:06All it takes is the decision not to be silent.
01:13:09Lorraine made that decision.
01:13:11And the world is better for it.
01:13:13the world is better for it.
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