- 2 days ago
In this week's show, Edith Kimani meets with Afro-Americans who have relocated to Ghana and locals to explore the challenges and opportunities sparked by the 'Year of Return'.
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00:07This week on the 77% Street Debate.
00:12Slavery left a deep wound in all of us.
00:14And when you see us coming, it's because we're trying to heal that wound that was placed.
00:19I try to understand why I am here.
00:22I want to leave.
00:23And you are coming back.
00:25You want to stay.
00:26You want to go out.
00:27You want to take your kids to the park to play.
00:29But when you do, other kids spit at them.
00:32Their presence is actually creating a problem for us economically.
00:42Hello and welcome back to the 77% Street Debate.
00:45This week, we are back in Ghana's capital of Accra.
00:49Now, 400 years ago, the first women, men and children forcibly stolen from this continent
00:55arrived on the other side of the Atlantic in America.
00:58Fast forward many years later, and the government, the modern government of Ghana, is saying
01:03to its international descendants, come back home.
01:06But what does that integration look like?
01:09Began in 2019, dubbed the year of return.
01:11This initiative has introduced many people from across the world back into the community.
01:17And how is that affecting the makeup of this society?
01:19Who better to answer that question than some now all Ghanaians?
01:23And I want to start with you, Professor Kambon, because I think in order to understand where
01:27we are, we must look back in time.
01:30How did we end up in this situation where Africans were disjointed and disconnected from
01:34their land?
01:35I have what I call the thousands, hundreds, and tens model.
01:39And what that is, is that thousands of years ago, black people went out to populate the
01:43entire planet Earth.
01:44And then hundreds of years ago, black people were enslaved.
01:47This goes back all the way to the Arabs, you know, the Indian Ocean and so forth.
01:51You had the Zandrebellion, and then tens of years ago, you have what is often referred
01:55to as the brain drain, where, you know, those are going out to seek greener pastures.
02:01And usually it's because their own homes have been set on fire by, you know, IMF, World
02:06Bank policies, and so forth and so on.
02:08Many of us came to the conclusion of why do we continue to build the land of our enemies
02:14before we were doing it, you know, at gunpoint, you know, at the point of the whip and so
02:19forth.
02:19But there's a proverb that says, a cow grazes where it is tied.
02:23But if we're not cows, then that means we don't have to continue grazing in places when,
02:28you know, we are no longer tied there.
02:29So for some of us, we decided to repatriate.
02:33So for me, I have repatriated Ghana, and several of my repatriated Ghana clients have gotten
02:37citizenship.
02:38All right.
02:38Let's talk about your repatriation for a little bit.
02:402008 is when you decided to move back to Ghana.
02:43What inspired this?
02:44Specifically in 2008, I went through what a lot of black people go through, which is
02:49a trumped up charge, racism, and so forth.
02:51They don't ask you, are you a, you know, citizen who's benefiting the community and so forth.
02:56They just say, all right, because you're black, or really it's because they're white, right,
03:00that they behave in that way.
03:02So I decided that I was coming here to do my PhD.
03:05I did so.
03:06I'm doing pretty well.
03:07I've been installed as a traditional ruler.
03:09So this was given to me by the Insumankwa, the overall spiritual head of all of the Asante
03:13people.
03:13It's about being accepted.
03:14It's about being respected.
03:16And those are things that you don't get under Donald Trump and the divided snakes of a murderer.
03:21Wow.
03:21Those are some very strong words that you've chosen to use.
03:24And I want to come to the Bradbees here who are a couple.
03:26And oh gosh, the couples here are always holding hers.
03:30That's great.
03:30It's so cute.
03:32But they've also just joined a union, a lifelong union with Ghana.
03:37You got your citizenship yesterday.
03:39And there's something that the professor said here, to be removed from the land of your enemy.
03:43Is this how you considered America, where you actually grew up?
03:46We moved for our safety and our children's safety.
03:49It is unsafe in the States, no matter where you go, if you look like us.
03:53Getting out of the land of our enemy was priority number one, to make sure that no matter what
03:58we did to build a business or to simply just live the simple life, we will be protected in that.
04:05Nakia, is this also what you think, land of the enemy?
04:08Is this what Baltimore was to you?
04:09For example, in Baltimore, we have the highest, like a very strong crime rate in my city.
04:14And I think that is due to the fact that people are completely lost.
04:17And so all of that anger and aggression gets pushed out onto the streets.
04:21And then we're suffering.
04:22For me, even, I think back when I was in school and going to university, I remember I used to
04:28go on my phone and try to find, like, an app to look at, to listen to radio stations in
04:34a cry, just to hear the language.
04:36And I remember one night I would just sit in there and, like, I almost just cried.
04:41Just to, like, to know that, like, this was taken from me.
04:44You're shaking now, Aziz.
04:46You have goosebumps everywhere, actually.
04:48Because my great, my great-great-grandmothers, these are the songs that they would sing.
04:53These are the languages that they would use.
04:55And we don't have them anymore.
04:57And it's even hard to explain, like, how that stealing of our identity impacts our hearts.
05:05And so when you see us celebrating, when you see us happy to be in Ghana, even though we
05:09know the conditions aren't great here, the economy is not great, but slavery left a deep
05:13wound in all of us.
05:15It left a deep wound.
05:16And when you see us coming, it's because we're trying to heal that wound that was placed.
05:21Thank you so much for being so honest and vulnerable with us.
05:23I appreciate that.
05:24Let me speak to Mr. Kwesi here, who is the CEO of the Tourism Board, which is behind this
05:29initiative.
05:30There's a lot of pain and trauma and fear that a lot of people are escaping coming into this
05:36country.
05:36But was this your idea when you launched this initiative?
05:39Yes and no.
05:40Yes, we knew that we had to make the connection because we've been separated for far too long.
05:45And we didn't understand each other.
05:48And so, yes, the idea was, let's reconnect.
05:51Let's bring us together and see how we can work together.
05:55Cultural exchanges, tourism, investments and everything that makes us one people.
06:01But no, because we realize that it goes deeper than just a reconnection.
06:07It's also for people to come and heal.
06:09Really, people trace their roots, come back to where it all began.
06:13OK, so you were told, come back to Africa.
06:16Here you are.
06:17I want to now know what have your experiences been?
06:20The reality versus what you might have expected.
06:24Nakia, earlier you said that the state of the economy is not great.
06:27And yet here you are.
06:28Why?
06:28I think where Africa beats America in development is social development in terms of how people
06:35are raised in here and having respect for your elders.
06:39I struggled a lot with my mother.
06:41My mother passed about two years ago.
06:43I actually was taking care of her for five years by myself because I couldn't get my family
06:49to understand that we as a family should take care of my mother together.
06:52But here in Ghana, you don't have that problem.
06:54You don't even really see nursing homes.
06:56Because the people understand that when your parents get older, you should take care of
07:01them.
07:02And so these are the things that I feel like that are really important for us to really
07:06focus on and see that there's a lot that the Ghanaian heart has to offer and that we
07:12also should take hold of and to integrate and understand our place in the society.
07:17So Adam and Chirata, you're raising two beautiful children here.
07:20How has that experience been for you?
07:22And what are some of the challenges of integrating so far?
07:24Oh, it's really been beautiful.
07:26You know, in the States, we lived a very isolated lifestyle because of safety.
07:32You know, you want to go out, you want to take your kids to the park to play.
07:37But when you do, other kids spit at them.
07:40That is an experience that my son had at the playground on more than one occasion.
07:45And so we lived a very isolated life.
07:47So to be here and to be free and to see my kids be able to be joyful and that
07:54not be a
07:55crime has been a very, very beautiful thing.
07:59Okay.
08:00I really love how beautiful this is sounding.
08:02And I'm just going to throw a little bit of pepe in here.
08:05Kudro, tell me, are the people who've returned romanticizing the idea of Africa a little bit?
08:12Maybe a little bit.
08:13Tell me about that.
08:14Well, the truth is we are survivors here in Ghana.
08:17And the reason why it may look like we actually, it's like we want to change, switch places
08:23with them is because of that doggedness that the country has built inside of us.
08:27You've gone through the educational system.
08:29You've put together yourself to be on top of society.
08:33But then there's no opportunity for you to use them and put yourself in a better place
08:36in the society.
08:36So let me ask that question because you did talk about immigration and emigration.
08:40And actually, surprisingly, Ghana is one of those few countries in Africa where there
08:44are more people leaving the country than there are coming in.
08:47And that surprised me.
08:48So I want to know from the people at the back, anybody, if you've got a chance, are you taking
08:52the plane to get out of Ghana?
08:54Let me see by show of hands if your answer is yes.
08:57Well, when you hear these people come and say, hey, this is a beautiful country.
09:03We need to reinvest back on the continent.
09:05How does that make you feel?
09:06I feel it's because they have money.
09:08That's why they are coming back home.
09:09But for me, I want to leave the country because the economy here is very bad.
09:13Let me hear one more person at the back.
09:14I would love to leave the country.
09:16Like, just as they are saying, when they were coming, they came with money, which is
09:21making their life comfortable.
09:23But we in the country, people are struggling on the streets.
09:26If such person gets opportunity, in fact, the person will leave the country.
09:31Prof, what do you make of it when you hear that the local population here already has
09:35an assumption that you're wealthier, that there's an income disparity inbuilt?
09:40So about three weeks ago, I gave a presentation on how you can earn a quarter million dollars
09:46and 10x your income by living in Ghana.
09:49And a case study is I had translators coming from the University of Ghana at a conference
09:54that I just had.
09:55And we hired them to teach Chi.
09:58They had two students.
09:59From the two students who were paying them, they were able to get enough money to pay their
10:03entire master's degree for one year.
10:05Generally, people think, oh, what can I do with this language?
10:07But I'm saying that you don't have to go outside.
10:10And that was a message that they learned.
10:12As someone in the world who wants any skill that you know how to do, and they're willing
10:16to pay you richly to do it.
10:18Let me ask Jeff what he thinks here, because he is swallowing hard.
10:21I don't know if you think this is great advice or if you see it as somewhat condescending.
10:26What are your views?
10:27Yes, I think what Prof is saying is quite true.
10:30Now, I heard my sister from behind me say that these people have money coming in.
10:37Yes, they may think that what they have is not enough for them as they come in here.
10:41But from the ordinary person on the streets of Accra, let's say Oxford Street, you see,
10:46if I want to walk on Oxford Street and buy what Prof is wearing, I can walk there and
10:51buy it.
10:52But can you imagine getting to Oxford Street and there's a vendor selling this thing,
10:56Prof standing there.
10:57The moment the person realizes Prof is coming from outside, his donation, the person prices
11:03this thing very high.
11:04So it brings a certain gap.
11:06But at the end of the day, once the prices go up, it doesn't come down.
11:09And we are the ones who suffer eventually.
11:11And that is a problem we are facing here today.
11:12Their presence is actually creating a problem for us economically.
11:16But I want to come back to you, Mr. Kweisi, because obviously these emotional sentiments
11:20have the potential to become something else.
11:23Xenophobia, Afrophobia.
11:24Are you just telling people, come in, or are you putting in place strategies so that
11:28integration is sustainable and seamless?
11:30In terms of the expectations from both sides, when we started a year of return and we started
11:35our first December in GH, the prices of goods in December were more than quadrupled because
11:41people thought, hey, this is a year of return.
11:43We have an opportunity.
11:44Let's milk it.
11:45It happens everywhere.
11:46When you go to the Olympic Games, prices of everything goes up.
11:49But then we had to meet with people at the art center, with the tour operators, with hotels
11:54to explain to them that we are in this for the long term, that this is not just an open
11:59window for you to cash in.
12:00So it's something that we are building, but it's not going to take a day.
12:04The cultures are different.
12:05You know, so let's try and work ourselves to integrate.
12:09So when I talk about cultural integration, it's also looking at how do we make sure that
12:13people understand what we are doing and they are not taking advantage of our brothers
12:17and sisters who are coming back.
12:18Yeah, Jennifer, because you're the latest arrival, if I could call you that, do you
12:23feel that because of your accent, sometimes people want to take advantage of you?
12:27I would say that sometimes that is true, but it's not just true for African-Americans.
12:31I think it's true for anyone that has an American or UK accent, even if they're Ghanaian.
12:36When we're talking about Ghana, Ghana is a country that has a population of over 30 million
12:40people.
12:40There are maybe 10,000 African-Americans.
12:42We're an extreme minority.
12:44So I think that sometimes we're used as a scapegoat and that is misplaced.
12:48Do you feel this?
12:50Because I know that you run your own business and setting it up.
12:53Was it easy for you?
12:55If you are Ghanaian, you can set up the business for like 1,000 to 2,000 CDs.
12:59But if you are coming from outside, they're telling him, bring in half a million dollars.
13:02Now you can set up a business as the sole owner.
13:06That is not very easy for anyone.
13:09If we're not having a very deep analysis of what's going on, they play black people against
13:14other black people.
13:15So just to the point, we need to understand that we're all black people and we have very
13:20common genotype, common phenotype, and a common thrust for survival that we need to
13:25have as opposed to divide and conquer.
13:27Let's play those Asante's against the Fante's.
13:29Bloods versus Crips.
13:30They do it every single place.
13:31Okay, but what I'm hearing is that black we may be, but our bank accounts surely are
13:36not the same.
13:36Let me find out from Jeff how he feels hearing all these sentiments because these are now
13:41your countrymen and women.
13:43Are you aligned with their values?
13:44We are happy they are here and would wish that we can coexist with them without having
13:50any problem whatsoever.
13:51If we see our brothers and sisters, irrespective of even the color, even if it's a white person
13:57coming to buy something, let the pricing be as it is.
14:00You understand?
14:01And maybe governments and the state agencies need to establish some kind of price control
14:07regimes so that everywhere you go, the prices will be the same so that it doesn't come to
14:14the point where I see you per the way you speak or per your color, then I price the thing
14:19to suit myself just because I want to make some extra profit.
14:22That is stealing and it's very bad.
14:24So obviously one way to do this is what Mr. Kwesi here suggested, cultural integration.
14:29And I just want to hear from the people at the back, how many people have made friends
14:32with returnees, people from the diaspora?
14:34Are you integrating with them in your communities?
14:36Let me hear from some people.
14:37Yes or no?
14:39Yeah.
14:40Where I used to work, which is a beauty salon, a lot of the diasporians do come.
14:45What I try to do is I tell them, okay, if you want to buy this, when you get to
14:50the
14:50market and they give you a higher price, maybe the thing is price 100 cities, slash it
14:56to like 50 cities, so I try to give them tips.
14:58All right.
14:59Could you?
15:00Yeah.
15:00Us Ghanaians get the exposure when we integrate with the diasporan.
15:03It generally gives us access to so many things to see that our skill sets can play on the
15:10global scale and then we can, let me tell you the truth, the Ghanaian dream is that we
15:14can earn first world money while we're still here.
15:17That's the Ghanaian dream.
15:18So once the diasporans integrate with us and we're exposed to that, we don't want
15:22to go anywhere because we don't want to go and pay all the 40% taxes and all of that.
15:26Okay.
15:26You wanted to say something to me earlier.
15:28I just wanted to touch on the pricing of things.
15:32You know, being new here, we're here for just over a year now.
15:36I try.
15:37We try to shop in our neighborhood.
15:39And because we are new and because we don't speak the language that well yet, we're learning,
15:45but the prices get hiked up.
15:47And so then we are forced to go somewhere else to spend our money.
15:52And we would prefer to spend it in our neighborhood, but they're hiking the price up because we're
15:57new.
15:58They don't know us yet, but it makes it harder for us when that happens to us.
16:02Yeah.
16:02And it's unfair.
16:04Okay.
16:06You know, you got to really understand culture to understand people.
16:10You know, when you come to Ghana.
16:11But people is culture.
16:13Yes.
16:13But when you come to Ghana, chopping is part of the culture.
16:16You just have to.
16:17Chop my money.
16:18No, not just chopping.
16:20Like whether they chop their family, they chop their friends.
16:23It's just a way whether the government is chopping the resources, it's part of the culture.
16:30So if we want to see change, then we also got to influence culture.
16:34We got to go in there and then make something like chopping repulsive, like saying it's
16:41stealing.
16:42You understand?
16:43Now, if I say a government official that chopped resources that should have went here and he
16:48took it and reappropriated it for something else, then he stole the money.
16:53See, now, if we say that instead of say he chopped the money, then at that point he don't
16:58want to be a thief.
16:59So then he changed his behavior and his action.
17:04So it's important for us to start to look at culture and then influence culture in a
17:08way where we can bridge the difference and then we can progress as one.
17:15And one of the best and fastest ways to influence culture is through marriage.
17:19Our bride should be here.
17:22Talk to me about how you arrive in Ghana, hoping to be here for two weeks and then you're
17:27about to get married.
17:28Actually, I felt a spiritual calling to come to Ghana.
17:30I was in Tanzania at the time and I had a friend who was here and I was like, I'm
17:36coming
17:36to do a poetry and photography book and I need a partner.
17:39Can you connect me with a reliable man who can assist me?
17:42And that reliable man became my soon-to-be husband.
17:47Reliable.
17:49We have a daughter together.
17:51I gave birth here in Ghana.
17:52And that's also a thing, like when I gave birth here, people were like, why didn't you
17:55go back to the U.S. to give birth?
17:57And I'm like, this is an ancestral moment for me and my lineage.
18:01I'm the first in my family to come back.
18:04The first in my whole lineage.
18:05Even when I went back home, they were asking me questions about Africa.
18:08None of them have ever come, have even decided to live.
18:13And now I have my brother and my sister are coming.
18:15I got my auntie and cousin coming.
18:17Now their minds are also opening up as well.
18:19When you think about going to the U.S., you don't realize if you go there, you give birth.
18:22Who is helping you?
18:23Everybody is working.
18:24You won't get your auntie to come and help you with the baby.
18:27So these are parts of the culture that they have here that are so beautiful and I think
18:30we should continue to uphold.
18:32And I'm happy definitely to be marrying my Ghanaian husband in January.
18:36Yes, Labonga Song Sore.
18:39Congratulations.
18:40Yeah, and you have obviously gone up the ranks and you're now a proper chief, you said.
18:47So how did that come about?
18:48I mean, you're completely immersed in the culture now.
18:51So I would say the language is key.
18:54When I first came in 2008 to repatriate for good, I first came in 98, you know, to Ghana.
18:59But when I came to repatriate, I was going to look at houses and the agent, I was speaking
19:04tree to the agent because I had already learned tree.
19:07I'm teaching tree at the university now.
19:09But the guy who was the caretaker, he didn't know that I spoke tree.
19:13So he just decided, he sees me and he decides he's going to speak English.
19:17So I heard him turn to the agent and say,
19:25saying that the real price is this.
19:26First of all, how is his accent?
19:27Is he good?
19:29I'm saying it just like how the agent said it.
19:31They know this voice.
19:32That's the scheming voice.
19:33Can you translate for us, please?
19:36He said that the price is this, but the price is this, we're going to tell him the price
19:40is this, and then me and you are going to chuck the money half-half.
19:43So I heard everything that the guy said, but I go through the whole house,
19:47I go through the whole house, and as I'm leaving, I said, okay, it's very nice.
19:50As I'm leaving, I said, now, could I just put your throat down?
19:54And the agent said, man, can't you know, say on tree tree?
19:57Man, can't you know, say on tree tree?
19:58So he said, I didn't tell you he doesn't speak tree.
20:00But, you know, for there, it really went into how once I know the language,
20:05it has a very major impact even in terms of how much they can chuck me
20:09because sometimes I'll just talk, you know, normal.
20:11Now, like I'm just speaking with my regular accent in English,
20:14but then I'll switch to impeccable tree, where I'm saying the numbers in tree
20:19because a lot of Ghanaians, they don't, once they go to numbers,
20:21but I start doing it, and then they're like, wow.
20:25Okay, so we now know that Professor is also a comedian.
20:27It's good to know.
20:29Let me hear some thoughts before we come to some closing remarks, please.
20:32I think basically what we too are battling with is the narratives.
20:36The narratives that are painted to them about us
20:40and the narratives that are painted about them to us.
20:43So they are painted to us as rich people.
20:46They live the luxury, they are bougie and all that.
20:49And then we are painted to them as peaceful people.
20:53Life is not all that expensive.
20:55So they come here expecting the expense not to be as high as it is at where they are,
21:00but they come here and there's another thing.
21:03And we are wanting to go to where they are because we feel we are going to be comfortable,
21:08very comfortable.
21:09We are also going to live in the luxury, and we go there and sorry, it's not.
21:13So I think if we should work on the narratives of how we paint each other, it's going to help.
21:18So when they make us understand that, apart from the luxury that we see,
21:22there is emotional pain, they don't paint to us, but it is what it is.
21:26Then we also tell them, okay, when you come to our side,
21:29that this and this is what you are going to face because of where you are also coming from.
21:33So talking about the language, I read Bible in church the last time,
21:37and I decided to read in Chi, and everybody was clapping.
21:40I didn't know why Chi should be something I read and you are clapping.
21:44You are happy that I read Chi for the first time, because Chi is my language.
21:48So language, coming back to language, I need to close this because we're running out of time.
21:52But what do you think it's going to take for everybody here to stop saying them,
21:58the diasporas, the Ghanaians, into we, the Ghanaians?
22:02Thinking about Marcus Messiah Garvey and being a Pan-Africanist
22:08and seeing all of us as an us, as a we, and stop separating it.
22:13To think that us coming from the diaspora did not have to survive is a little disheartening to hear.
22:21You know what I'm saying?
22:22Because we are killed in the streets daily, you know, for nothing.
22:28Simple traffic stops.
22:29And so I think we just all have to decide that we are all the same.
22:36Okay.
22:36I feel like comparison, they say, is the thief of joy.
22:41Anyway, they were talking about the USD that apparently have,
22:44I'm not coming with a 401k or a pension or a successful business or a retirement.
22:51I'm not coming with a successful business.
22:53I'm a monk.
22:53I don't know business very well.
22:55I actually have neighbors who are finally helping me get my stuff together.
22:58But we've been insulted by Ghanaians and diasporans alike because we don't have money.
23:03We didn't come here to make money stretch.
23:05We came to contribute.
23:06So the amount of money that you guys think we have, at least us two, we do not have.
23:12And if you look like me and you have the accent you have, they aren't going to help you.
23:16They aren't going to give you any money.
23:17It is best to stay here, do what professor said, and make something of your own.
23:22Because even the talent here.
23:24Okay.
23:25But what about people who go out and make it and make things of themselves?
23:28That's a very small percentage.
23:29And of course they're going to show you that on television.
23:32That's a very small percentage.
23:33And of course that's what they're going to show you.
23:35All right.
23:36But like she said, you go there, it is not as cushy as you think.
23:40Great, you get a fancy job before you get there.
23:42Police gun you down before you even make the money.
23:45That is a reality.
23:46Or the job doesn't make ends meet.
23:48So you're having to do all these crazy other things just to make the ends meet.
23:52All right.
23:53That's why there's Uber and Instacart.
23:56Because people work nine to five jobs and they get off and now they have to go deliver pizza.
24:00So because of the interest of time, I just want to close with Prof because we started with you.
24:05Answer the question for me.
24:06How do we go from them, the diasporans, the Ghanaians, to we?
24:10I think conversations like these are very much necessary because just as was mentioned by my sister here,
24:16they get a narrative about those in the diaspora.
24:18And even Ghanaians, when they go travel to places like the U.S., they're told, don't hang out with the
24:22black people
24:23because they're all drug dealers, because they're all gangbangers, because they're all this, that.
24:27And, you know, they'll say, oh, Africans are all poor.
24:30You will see the images of the Ethiopians with flowers on their face.
24:33So if you want to fight, call someone an African and that's considered to be an insult.
24:36What it means is that we're really not having conversations and dialogues.
24:40Who, in whose interest, who benefits from you thinking this about diasporans?
24:45And who benefits from diasporans thinking this about you?
24:48And once we understand who benefits, it's basically follow the money trail.
24:52The one who benefits from the problem is most likely the one who caused the problem in the first place.
24:56So there's a quote, and I think this is very poignant to perhaps close on,
25:00by Nana Ranoko Rashidi and also Nana Kwa David Whitaker.
25:03He says, what we do for ourselves depends what we think of ourselves.
25:06What we think of ourselves depends what we know of ourselves.
25:09And what we know of ourselves depends on what we have been told, as I say, about ourselves.
25:14And we haven't been told very much about ourselves.
25:17Ghanaians haven't been told very much about our own history as Ghanaians.
25:20Diasporans also haven't been told.
25:22But again, look at not who suffers from the problem.
25:26Look at who benefits from the problem.
25:27And you'll see the one who created the problem.
25:29And we're the ones who can solve that problem.
25:31Wow, thank you so much.
25:32Yeah.
25:34So there are a lot of things that this debate was not.
25:37It was not about confirming whether or not the people who've returned are African.
25:42That was never in question.
25:43They were, always have been, and always will be.
25:46This debate actually affirmed the words of Kwame Nkuruma right there, the doctor.
25:50He is not African simply because he was born here.
25:53But to be African is to have Africa born in you.
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