- 19 時間前
Air Crash Investigation S24E04 Without Warning
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00:01Above the remote Alaskan wilderness, two planes collide.
00:10Mayday, mayday.
00:12A witness races to help.
00:15All I saw was a whole bunch of people floating.
00:20Six people are dead.
00:22The mid-air collision is probably the most scary thing that could happen to you.
00:26NTSB investigators talk to the surviving pilot.
00:30Look, he was just there. I couldn't avoid him.
00:34When they examine the onboard alerting system,
00:37Why didn't he turn away?
00:38the mystery deepens.
00:40We're missing something.
00:42But then investigators get an unexpected glimpse
00:45into a key moment in time.
00:48It was eerie and disturbing to see the photos
00:51because they were taken in a person's last moments.
00:56Mayday, mayday.
01:00Oh, stop!
01:21It's a busy day at Alaska's misty fjords,
01:25floatplane base four cruise ship passengers have booked a sightseeing
01:31flight over Alaska's spectacular southeast coast okay folks get
01:38comfortable and fasten your seatbelts
01:4246 year old Randy Sullivan is the owner of Mountain Air Services and it's only
01:47pilot hey looks like you're gonna the best view in Alaska can hardly wait this
01:55will be Sullivan's second flight of the day just got a few things to do before
02:01we get started Randy Sullivan has spent most of his career flying over misty
02:11fjords responder on and broadcasting okay guys put your headsets on
02:19mountain air was a small operator doing primarily sightseeing trips can you guys
02:27hear me okay okay here we go this would have been his entire life running this
02:34company and he would have loved what he was doing all right flight controls free
02:42and correct master fuel check blending lights check just after 12 noon the
02:51mountain air float plane is ready for takeoff
02:58okay that's five minutes since last departure pilots space out their takeoff
03:04since there's no air traffic control in this area
03:09misty traffic this is beaver 5 to Delta Bravo ready for a straight out any
03:14conflicting misty traffic Sullivan radios other pilots in the area
03:21in airspace like the misty fjords the pilots all control themselves and it's
03:27primarily a C and B scene situation without any air traffic control to keep you
03:35separated you have to maintain that separation yourself
03:46it's a textbook takeoff in light winds today's 40-mile flight will take
03:54passengers from Rudyard Bay to Ketchikan they'll cross high mountains and
04:00dramatic terrain misty fjords is an absolutely beautiful area it's towering
04:06mountains glaciers lakes fjords wildlife and the best way to see a place like
04:12that of course is from an airplane where you can get the full impact of the
04:16scenery and the immenseness of the area every year more than a hundred thousand
04:24cruise ship passengers visit Alaska's misty fjords the flight tours have become an
04:31essential experience for those who can afford the luxury price tag if you look
04:39out to your left you'll see cliffs that were carved smooth by the last great ice
04:42age Randy Sullivan points out the highlights throughout the flight
04:51being a single pilot operation while you're doing the tours you're multitasking
04:56with your customers all the time trying to give them the best tour that you can give
05:00them at the same time you're also multitasking as a pilot where you're trying to
05:05maintain your situational awareness of all the other aircraft as well as you're a
05:09lot of times flying at very low level through the terrain which adds one more bit of
05:14complexity to the entire operation mountain air services operates a de Havilland beaver a single
05:22engine prop plane the beaver was originally built for the United States Air Force in 1951 but many are
05:33now operated by northern bush pilots the avalan beaver was a uniquely designed airplane and the takeoff and
05:41landing is absolutely incredible that's what makes it so versatile in the bush is that you can get it
05:47in and out of pretty much any little lake if you're on wheels or skis you can get it off
05:52short strips or
05:53frozen lakes misty traffic beaver to Delta Bravo exiting Rudyard climbing through 1900 westbound check that
06:0645 Mike Mike is just off the water now and well behind you it's May and this part of Alaska
06:16is enjoying
06:17exceptionally good weather on the Alaska coast the weather can change extremely rapidly it can go from
06:25a beautiful clear day to just horrible weather within a very short period of time when the days are good
06:33all the
06:34aircraft are flying everybody is out making hay while the sun shines have a good cruise so far it's been
06:40great the forecast for tomorrow is low clouds and rain so today Sullivan plans to operate a full day of
06:50flights you all are pretty lucky they call this place the misty fjord for a reason weather like this is
06:58pretty rare
07:02beaver eight golf Mike is 2,700 feet in the climb exiting the bay we've got the mountain air beaver
07:09ahead we will fall in trail behind hey Dave I've got you on display but I don't have your visual
07:16as long as
07:17you can see me we're good I got you above and ahead of me Randy enjoy the ride oh even
07:27if we can't see
07:27each other the display lets us know where the other planes are cool the traffic systems will enhance
07:33your ability for the sea and avoid because it will alert you of aircraft that you may have missed because
07:39of visibility issues before you get too close coming up in about two minutes on your right you're going
07:46to see one of the highlights of the trip the majestic Mahoney Falls 20 minutes into the flight the beaver
07:56approaches the waterfall passengers are treated to a spectacular view
08:14the beaver and another aircraft collide the beaver basically came apart it free fell 3,000 feet from
08:23the sky a retired fisherman on George inlet is shocked by what he sees mayday mayday this is
08:37hotel C calling Coast Guard radio go ahead state the nature of your emergency the second plane involved is a
08:49larger 10 passenger de Havilland otter to float planes down Georgia inlet the otter was still largely intact
09:03there was damage the pilot obviously kept his cool and managed to control the aircraft I saw an otter
09:16float plane crash into the water with a huge splash and they got closer and all I saw was a
09:24whole bunch of
09:25people floating in the in an area 50 60 yards but there was one person never made it out of
09:35the airplane the
09:3810 survivors including the pilot are rushed to hospital there are no survivors from the plane piloted by Randy
09:47Sullivan how could two planes in one of the most popular tourist destinations on earth collide in mid-air
10:05within hours the National Transportation Safety Board or NTSB dispatches a team of investigators to search for wreckage
10:17we still have to recover the planes and then we have to look at those and it takes some significant
10:23work to really understand how the two came together but we have some great experts at the NTSB who are
10:28well versed in that Aaron Sauer is named lead investigator the wreckage area of the beaver was scattered for about
10:393,000 feet a portion of the main fuselage was located upside down in the saltwater there was a lot
10:46of debris
10:46that was mixed into the terrain and that mountainous area vegetation was high it was very difficult to
10:54navigate to try and recover as much of the debris from the beaver that we could the other aircraft the
11:02otter is
11:03zoned by the largest tour operator in the area taquan air it sank in 80 feet of water the floats
11:11of the otter
11:12were separated they ended up washing ashore but ultimately they were able to get divers down locate the
11:19wreckage almost immediately and they were able to successfully get that aircraft up on that barge
11:33um tag the beaver wreckage and when the otter comes we're gonna put it there the small sightseeing planes were
11:42not required to carry black boxes keep an eye out for uh avionics cameras phones anything with photos or
11:49uh... data that'll help us piece this together without recorders the investigation becomes much more difficult
11:57so without the cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder we had to look for other sources of data
12:04hey let me move this
12:09as the team surveys the beaver wreckage they find evidence that can help them piece together the violent collision
12:17these are sawtooth marks from a propeller striking the right wing
12:25we wanted to understand what angle did we have
12:29that was very important for us to understand
12:33in order to recreate the collision and
12:37aid us in the investigation
12:40the patterns in the inboard direction
12:44so the otter came from behind and to the right
12:48the discovery begins to unveil what happened in the skies over misty fjord
12:55the collision angle was important for us because
12:58what it told us is both airplanes weren't necessarily on a head-on
13:02collision course they were more or less headed to the same location
13:06with a shallow degree of angle
13:10the collision was more of a side swipe
13:14both planes took off from rudyard bay here
13:19and headed to the cruise ship in ketchikan
13:23the beaver left first
13:27a few minutes later the otter departed
13:32with a basic understanding of how the two planes collided
13:36investigators try to pinpoint where the accident occurred
13:41we had one witness
13:48who was located here
13:52we had a witness that was hunting in the area that didn't see the collision but heard the collision
13:59which then in turn gave us an idea of where exactly did this happen up in a point in sky
14:07based on his account the collision happened somewhere in here
14:15investigators now know exactly where the accident occurred
14:19but they still don't know why
14:22maybe they were converging on this point
14:27the planes collided very near the scenic mahoney falls
14:33it is certainly possible
14:36it has happened before
14:39a similar mid-air collision happened over arizona in 1986
14:45a twin otter and a helicopter collided over the grand canyon
14:50killing 25 people
14:53both aircraft were also approaching a popular scenic attraction
14:56air tour flights have a higher rate of mid-air collisions statistically speaking
15:02because they operate in areas with dense traffic around various scenic landmarks
15:07and in addition they operate without air traffic control separation
15:16what was the weather like that day
15:19i'll check it out
15:22did alaska's rapidly changing weather play a role in the accident
15:27so weather conditions in any accident are important to understand the environment that these pilots are operating in
15:35are the weather conditions cloudy
15:37does that limit their ability to see
15:39does it limit their ability to react to certain situations
15:46these are from a weather cabin
15:47eight miles from the accident
15:51investigators review weather reports for nearby george inlet at the time of the accident
15:56a few scattered clouds
16:00but much higher than they were flying
16:04the weather conditions in ketchikan on the day of the accident were beautiful
16:09so at that point we knew that the conditions were not going to be a factor in this accident
16:15something else prevented these guys from seeing each other
16:29what if
16:34the pilots didn't have enough time to look out the window for other traffic
16:41or maybe the pilots were trying to give their customers the best view
16:47what prevented the pilots from seeing each other as they converged on the scenic waterfall
16:53flying an aircraft full of tourists can be a very challenging task
16:57you have a number of people that all want to ask questions
17:02they all want to see different things
17:03especially in a area like the misty fjords where there is so much to see
17:08it is a lot for a pilot to do all the same time
17:13well the local pilots certainly were concerned
17:17enough to create this
17:21investigators discover a set of guidelines agreed upon by tour operators
17:26to enhance safety over misty fjords
17:29the letter of agreement between the operators was intended to help them coordinate
17:35their routes of flight and their call-outs so that they could become better aware of
17:39where they would each be operating and avoid each other
17:44the companies were aware of this hazard of mid-air collisions
17:48and that they were attempting to implement some procedural mitigations against this hazard
17:56it looks like most aircraft flying tours also had on board an ADS-B traffic warning system
18:06ADS-B or Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast
18:10is a traffic alerting system that transmits a plane's GPS location and altitude
18:16to ground stations and other aircraft
18:19if two airplanes get too close to each other an alert is issued in both cockpits
18:25when your traffic system tells you you've got a conflict
18:28it's going to have your attention immediately
18:29it will only tell you that there's a problem when there is
18:34it looks like the Otter had an alerting system installed on board
18:37what about the Beaver?
18:40yeah, it had a system installed on it as well
18:44it was important for us to understand which aircraft had which equipment
18:50as far as alerting capability traffic displays
18:55ok, here's the Otter system
18:58investigators first examined the Otter
19:01the aircraft that collided with the smaller plane to its left
19:06the Otter uses GPS and a radio transponder to broadcast its altitude and position
19:13a colour screen inside the cockpit
19:16plots other nearby aircraft on a moving map
19:19what's the Beaver have?
19:21the Beaver pilot had a different system
19:24it had a tablet to display traffic info
19:29so we knew that both aircraft were equipped with some level of traffic display
19:34so the question was, were they able to function as designed?
19:48let's see what we got
19:51investigators review whether ground stations received any GPS transmissions from the aircraft
19:57detailing their locations
20:00there's the Beaver
20:04misty traffic
20:05Beaver 2 Delta Bravo
20:06exiting Rudyard
20:07climbing through 1900 westbound
20:13and there's the Otter
20:17alright folks, if you look outside your windows down at the hills below
20:20you might just see some wildlife
20:27both airplanes were broadcasting their position but they still hit each other
20:30doesn't make sense
20:34maybe the system didn't issue an alert
20:38the Otter pilot would know
20:42seems like so many of these investigations when you have midair are just not survivable
20:48and so it was very fortunate to be able to talk to the pilot
20:59tell me about the flight
21:02investigators interview the Otter pilot, Lou Beck
21:05who has just been released from hospital
21:09passengers were happy
21:11air was smooth
21:13was it busy out there?
21:18visually? I never saw anyone else
21:21what about the traffic alerting system?
21:24it was on
21:25I saw targets on the screen but
21:28they were well south of me
21:32okay
21:34got one
21:35three miles out
21:36three o'clock
21:38opposite direction
21:41no conflicts
21:44I flew a longer route
21:46than the other planes
21:48took me away from most of the regular traffic
21:51but you still ended up at the waterfall
21:53I did
21:54that's when all hell broke loose
21:57okay folks
21:58in a few seconds
22:00we're going to arrive at the beautiful
22:02huh
22:04he was just there
22:05I couldn't avoid him
22:07hang on everyone
22:12was there any alert from the traffic system?
22:15nothing
22:16after the impact I just
22:17went into survival mode
22:20brace for impact
22:22brace brace brace
22:33the pilot seemed very attentive to mid-air collisions as a hazard
22:39he was aware of the cockpit display of traffic information in the cockpit
22:43and he recalled looking at it to scan for traffic before the collision
22:49look I just want to reiterate that the alert system did not sound an alert
22:55thank you
22:57this was very helpful
23:01investigators are now confident the collision happened without a warning to alert the autopilot
23:09the question is
23:10why?
23:12hang on everyone
23:18let's have a look at the otter's traffic alerting system
23:22investigators use the ground station data to recreate what the autopilot would have seen on his traffic alerting system
23:30moments before crashing into the beaver
23:34it's painting targets
23:36there's the beaver approaching
23:39the alert should happen any second now
23:42as the beaver gets within two and a half miles
23:45an alert should sound
23:48it's not doing anything
23:49there's no alert
23:57it was very surprising to us that the cockpit display of traffic in the otter didn't provide traffic alerts
24:04because that's a really important defense against mid-air collisions
24:08there is something not right with the alerting function
24:15ok folks
24:16in a few seconds
24:18we're going to arrive at the beautiful
24:23the NTSB must now figure out why a critical piece of safety equipment failed
24:35traffic alerting system
24:37traffic alerting system was installed
24:41in 1999
24:45one of the first in the country
24:47they take a closer look at the de Havilland otter's traffic alerting system
24:52looks like the FAA paid for it
24:56as part of an experimental program
24:59the capstone project that the FAA sponsored
25:02was a program to reduce mid-air collision accidents in Alaska
25:07in 2015
25:10the otter got an upgrade from the FAA
25:14what kind of upgrade?
25:19take a look
25:23they swapped out a Garmin transceiver for a Ranger 978
25:27yes
25:28and take a look at what wasn't included in the upgrade
25:32when the traffic system was upgraded on the otter
25:36its alerting function was removed
25:40the FAA considered the traffic alerting audio capability
25:44to be classified as immature
25:47and no longer part of the upgraded system
25:50that was a head-scratcher for our team
25:53but even if the otter pilot didn't receive an alert
25:57the beaver pilot should have received one on his system
26:01in this part of the world
26:03alerting systems are neither mandated nor regulated
26:07planes can have different systems or none at all
26:11the beaver pilot had been utilizing an iPad
26:14that was using an application
26:16for navigating and understanding where traffic would be in his surrounding area
26:23the pilot paid for his own system
26:26and so he would have had a fully functional system
26:29including alerting capabilities
26:31according to this
26:34yes
26:36I think it's clear the beaver pilot was concerned about safety
26:39he had gone at his own expense
26:42and installed ADSB equipment in his airplane
26:45that was not required per regulation
26:49did the beaver's system also fail to alert the pilot?
26:56investigators use the ground station data to recreate what the beaver pilot would have seen and heard in the cockpit
27:02leading up to the crash
27:06the center is the beaver
27:09the otter is at three miles out now
27:15there is no alert warning of the approaching otter
27:22we're missing something
27:25determining why neither of the traffic alerting systems in the airplanes warned the pilots about the impending collision was something
27:35that we had to sort out in order to figure out why the collision happened
27:45is that everything?
27:47thank you
27:50with the beaver's ADSB system destroyed in the crash
27:55the NTSB turns to the only evidence that remains
27:59salvaged parts of the otter's traffic alerting system
28:04hey
28:04check this out
28:09it's turned off
28:11a key component was not operating at the time of the crash
28:15that is odd
28:19there was a critical piece of equipment on board the otter called the GSL-71
28:26the GSL-71 is a control panel for the alerting system
28:31it broadcasts the plane's altitude to aircraft and ground stations
28:38let's see exactly how these components work
28:43investigators examine the role of each component of the otter's traffic systems
28:48to consider the consequences of having the GSL-71 turned off
28:57well this is not a simple setup
29:01so a surprising thing about the system on the otter was that it was a mixture of new and old
29:06parts
29:08look at this
29:14if the GSL-71 is off
29:18altitude information
29:20will not
29:22be broadcast
29:23to other aircraft
29:27if the otter wasn't broadcasting
29:29then the beaver would not have gotten an alert
29:33investigators get their biggest lead yet
29:37because the GSL-71 was off
29:39other aircraft had no idea
29:41what altitude the otter
29:43was currently operating at
29:47was that airplane above them
29:48below them
29:49same altitude
29:51unsure
29:57when was the last time the otter
29:59transmitted altitude data
30:03investigators review when the Takwan Air Otter last broadcast its altitude to ground stations
30:12April 29th
30:18um
30:21the last inspection and maintenance was uh
30:26April 30th
30:28the day after its last broadcast
30:31the team considers whether the GSL-71 was turned off for maintenance
30:37two weeks before the crash
30:39and never turned on again
30:42we spoke to maintenance personnel
30:44but during the course of interviews
30:47we never really were able to completely understand
30:52why the unit was in the off position
30:56since the otter wasn't broadcasting its altitude
30:59the beaver never received an alert
31:04why didn't the otter pilot check if he was broadcasting his altitude on the day of the crash
31:12I have some additional questions for you
31:18were you aware that the control panel was off?
31:24no
31:25no
31:26why not?
31:27I saw other aircraft on the display screen
31:31so that told me the system was working
31:34investigators discover that the pilot didn't fully understand how all the components of the traffic surveillance system worked
31:43no conflict
31:45we learned that there had been other pilots in the airplane
31:49preceding the accident
31:51with the accident pilot
31:53who apparently didn't catch that the GSL-71 was in the off position either
31:58I think on one of those flights he actually had the chief pilot of the company with him
32:03and the GSL-71 was still in the off position
32:06and we know that because the data wasn't streamed
32:09the pressure altitude wasn't streamed
32:11did you check to see if the GSL unit was on during your pre-flight checklist?
32:20no
32:21it wasn't a piece of equipment that I ever touched or concerned myself with
32:26they review the company's pre-flight checklist with the otter pilot
32:30to understand why a crucial part of the alerting system wasn't turned on
32:36and a radio set
32:40altimeter set
32:43fuel checked
32:46it's not on my pre-flight checklist
32:55ok
32:58thank you
33:02investigators determine the otter pilot wouldn't have checked the status of the GSL-71
33:09in an airline environment something as critical as that would definitely be on a checklist
33:14and so the fact that it wasn't might lead him to think that it wasn't super critical
33:20or it would just not have risen to the level of something that he would pay attention to each and
33:25every time
33:29what did you learn from the autopilot?
33:31he didn't know the unit was turned off
33:35it wasn't on his pre-flight checklist
33:40you have to be so diligent at all times when you're flying the aircraft
33:43especially in a busy busy area like that
33:45as good as the traffic systems can be
33:48they can sometimes fail
33:50the team now knows why neither traffic system alerted the pilots
33:56it still doesn't explain why the pilots didn't see each other
33:59on a perfectly clear day
34:02see and avoid is
34:04the system by which pilots are taught to avoid one another when air traffic control is not providing positive separation
34:12it is considered a last line of defense
34:15and it involves systematically scanning different parts of the sky
34:19visible through the windscreen
34:21to ensure that there aren't any other aircraft on a collision course
34:28okay, let's check out the pilots field of view
34:32NTSB investigators consider exactly what the pilots could see from the cockpits of their airplanes
34:42so the beaver pilot would have been doing his scans
34:47looking left
34:50no problem
34:53looking right
34:56there was a passenger in the front seat restricting his view
35:04and the otter was to the right coming from behind
35:10the passenger sitting in your seat might have been able to see it but not the pilot
35:18what about looking back through the cabin
35:20oh
35:23I don't think so
35:25the windows are too small and passengers are in the way
35:31there's no way he could have seen the otter approaching from behind him to the right
35:38the beaver has issues with visibility because of the structural design of the airplane
35:42you have door posts and window posts and overhead structure etc. that does obscure your view
35:50and of course in the old days that wasn't really a huge concern
35:54because of course there was a lot less airplanes in the sky
35:58the otter pilot might have had a perfect view to the left and straight ahead
36:06let's figure that out
36:08yeah
36:13so the otter pilot said he was lining up the waterfall to his right
36:17so this was the pilot's field of view
36:24investigators consider what the autopilot could see at the time of the crash
36:31so let's assume that he was looking to his right
36:34say about 2 o'clock
36:37but the pilot was adamant that he was still doing his full visual scans left and right up and down
36:45so what would he see if he looked to his left towards the beaver
36:54using a 3d scan of an otter cockpit
36:57the team recreates the pilot's view out of the left windshield in the moments before the collision
37:06this is just minutes before the collision
37:10the beaver is still 3 miles away
37:14roughly in this area of the windscreen
37:17the beaver is little more than a speck on the horizon
37:22it's hard to pick up the beaver against the dark mountains in the distance
37:26when two objects are converging
37:28there is little relative motion in a pilot's visual field to attract a pilot's attention
37:34ok
37:36we've got one 3 miles out
37:383 o'clock
37:40opposite direction
37:43no conflict
37:47the beaver's an 8th mile away
37:49still don't see it
37:52the window post called an A pillar
37:55obstructs the view of the beaver
37:58ok we're coming up on the moment of impact
38:03beaver came out of nowhere
38:05I didn't see it until impact
38:08the otter's ADS-B system doesn't have the alerting capability to warn of the other plane
38:16and the pilots view of it is obstructed
38:19ok folks
38:20in a few seconds
38:22we're going to pass our famous
38:24oh
38:29the animation was fascinating
38:31because
38:31it showed how almost perfectly
38:35the beaver was obscured by the window post
38:37in the cockpit of the otter from the pilots perspective
38:40and
38:41and
38:41it wasn't until the last half second or so
38:44that it sort of blossomed from behind the post
38:47and
38:47became a red flash
38:51but they can't be completely certain
38:55it's hard to know for sure
38:58his perspective is going to change
39:01depending on where his seat is set
39:04and where his head is
39:06investigators need more information
39:10we can change sight lines
39:13we can adjust angles
39:15we can adjust views
39:17but we
39:19do not have the ability to say that
39:21that was in fact the pilots position
39:23at any point in time
39:25during that flight
39:31the team performs a study
39:33using 27 different eye positions
39:36to evaluate how the A pillar
39:38would have blocked the beaver
39:40from the autopilot's view
39:42the beaver's mostly hidden
39:44except for here
39:47it's hard to be 100% certain
39:49without knowing the pilots exact seat position
39:57what about the cameras that we recovered from the wreckage
40:00maybe there's something on them
40:03we'll check on it
40:06based on it being an air tour operation
40:09being in 2019
40:10fortunately we were able to locate
40:13quite a bit of still imagery
40:14and video
40:17ok let's see what we've got
40:21after several weeks of painstaking work
40:24investigators review images taken by the otter passengers
40:33no
40:33there's nothing here
40:36there are no pictures taken near the time of the collision
40:41let's check out the photos taken from the beaver
40:47whoa
40:49they find a photo of the otter taken by a passenger in the beaver
40:54it was eerie and disturbing to see the photos taken by the passengers
41:00let's take a closer look
41:06the photo of the approaching otter was taken seconds before impact
41:17it was a moving experience
41:19you knew it was going to be the last moments for some of those people
41:26zoom in
41:28but can it answer the question of whether the otter pilot could see the beaver
41:34i can see into the otter cockpit
41:38it's the break the investigators needed
41:41try to zoom in a little bit more
41:44the photo captures the otter's exact position
41:47the a-pillar is blocking the pilot's head
41:51if we can't see the otter pilot's head from this perspective
41:54he wouldn't have seen the beaver
41:57investigators are now certain
41:59that for almost three minutes before the collision
42:02the otter's windshield structure blocked the pilot's view of the approaching beaver
42:07it's crucial for us to understand that at that point
42:10the otter pilot had very limited chance of avoiding that collision
42:15due to his sight being obscured by that aircraft structure
42:22investigators now understand why the mountain air beaver and the taquan air otter collided
42:30okay folks
42:32in a few seconds
42:33we're gonna pass our famous
42:36neither pilot could see nor be alerted to how close their aircraft were to each other
42:42hang on everyone
42:46brace for impact
42:50you just can't afford not to have a traffic system
42:54when it's so busy as that in terrain like that
42:57when the pilot is so darn busy
42:59he needs all the help he can get
43:02the NTSB's final report
43:04highlights the limitation of see and avoid for pilots
43:08and recommends new rules for preventing the downgrading or disabling of traffic alerting systems
43:15this accident in a nutshell to me is about the rolling back of safety protections without anybody taking a critical
43:21look at what they were doing
43:24the NTSB recommends regulations requiring mandatory air traffic alerting for air tour operators in high traffic areas
43:35I have worked a number of mid-air collisions during my career here at the NTSB
43:40and this accident was very preventable
43:44there are limitations as all of us all well know with the concept of see and avoid
43:50and the technology that exists today should be in these aircraft to help reduce these number of collisions that take
43:57place
44:01many different points
44:02In the Middle East
44:02In the Middle East
44:02A Anglo-Altar
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