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You may have heard of the mythical city of Atlantis, which was said to be a prosperous civilization that sank into the sea. But did you know that there are some real underwater cities that you can actually visit? In this video, we will show you five amazing examples of submerged settlements that have fascinating histories and cultures. #brightside #brightsideglobal TIMESTAMPS: 0:01 5 completely underwater cities 09:13 Atlantis has been found 18:35 Largest underwater eruption ever This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
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00:10Question for you. Do you think Atlantis could be real? It remains as one of history's greatest
00:15mysteries. The legend began with Plato all the way back in ancient Greece, the tale of a
00:21civilization that formed and prospered before our own. Atlantis was supposedly a highly
00:26technological society, much like the Mayans. But, as the legend says, due to the people's greed,
00:33they were punished by a flood that destroyed and submerged their cities.
00:40Different theories try to guess Atlantis' location. Some say it was in the Mediterranean Sea. Some say
00:46it's beneath the Bermuda Triangle. But, as science has shown us, Atlantis may be only an allegory for
00:52humankind. Today, you'll discover several amazing underwater cities that you have never heard of.
00:59They existed indeed and are not just a myth. We're taking you on an excursion to the underwater city
01:06of Baia, which is on the coast of Italy. Known as the Las Vegas of the Roman Empire, Baia was
01:13a resort
01:13city. The Roman elite traveled there for recreation. Imagine an open-air spa. That was Baia. You can visit
01:21the submerged town by scuba diving and get close to that perfectly preserved, magnificent Roman
01:26sculpture. A true underwater wonder. You can spot the crumbled temples and buildings through glass-bottomed
01:33boats. This is a moss-covered museum in Claudio's Nymphium. To your left, you can see a collection of
01:40classical Greek statues. Swimming down the Via Herculeana, you'll arrive at Vila Approtio.
01:46Villas are Italian-style houses, and here, you can admire their original marble floors.
01:52Notice the black and white patterns and the astounding shapes they make.
01:56Next, you'll arrive at Portus Julius. Can you see the collapsing wall structures at the bottom
02:02of the seafloor? You'll see well-preserved columns and limestone floors. Behold the ruins of the thermal
02:08baths of Lacus. The remaining multicolored mosaics are something great to see. You'll see their orange,
02:14blue, and green tiles if you get close enough. At Pisone's Vila Pila, you'll see 25 preserved Roman
02:22pillars. Notice the arches, the frescoes nearby, and the magnitude of this well-kept treasure.
02:27The city was located over natural volcanic vents, so there were hot springs to be used at will.
02:33People went there looking to have an excellent time. And when I say people, I mean some of the great
02:38Roman emperors we learn about in school. Nero, Cicero, Caesar. But around the 8th century,
02:45the city was sacked, and the luxurious town was abandoned. Slowly, the water level rose,
02:51and the city started to drown. You are on a summer vacation off the coast of Greece,
02:57four hours outside of Athens, in the Peloponnese Peninsula, on Pavlopetri. You dust off your snorkel
03:04and head for a free dive on a bright sunny day. Sometime into the dive, you start noticing patterns
03:10on the seabed. Thirteen feet below the surface, the outline of familiar objects starts to appear
03:15one by one. As you continue swimming, what looks like the outline of an entire city emerges before
03:22your eyes. You wonder how could water have taken the whole city? Rocks are perfectly aligned into what
03:29appears to be the foundation of a building. Nicholas Fleming, a British oceanographer on
03:35vacation in Greece, was the person that discovered Pavlopetri. He was documenting the seafloor artifacts.
03:41The team found the site filled with pots, storage vessels, and tools. A quirin stone, for instance,
03:47is a tool used for grinding grains and turning them into flour. Multiple amphoras, which were found then,
03:54indicate that this settlement dated back to the Bronze Age, 5,500 years ago, when people started
04:00living in towns. The settlement is believed to have lasted for over 2,400 years. Pavlopetri is
04:07considered today the oldest submerged town yet found. And it's impressive that it wasn't a simple village.
04:13It was a vibrant port city, with stone-built buildings, a marketplace, streets, and even squares.
04:21Let's continue our exploration and find secrets in other underwater cities. You are diving off
04:26the coast of the Ryukyu Islands. Pacific waters are far from smooth. There's a strong current pulling
04:32you into the deep sea. Suddenly, you see a huge structure thanks to the sunlight shining down on the
04:38seabed. At first, it looks like Machu Picchu's ruins across the globe in Peru. As you approach it,
04:45you slowly figure out its form. A pyramid-shaped structure, arches, staircases. It's something that
04:52could have easily been a palace or castle. Could this also be a sign of human activity?
04:58What you just saw is known today as the Yanaguni Monument. It also goes by the name of Japan's
05:04Atlantis. The entire monument is about the size of five football fields and the height of a five-story
05:10building. Its most surprising feature is its expansive terraces that host large crowd gatherings.
05:17Explorers and scientists believe that Yanaguni dates back to 10,000 years ago. But whether it is
05:23a man-made structure or a natural formation is still under debate. For Japan's top marine geologist,
05:30Professor Masaki Kimura, Yanaguni is the heritage of a lost civilization. Kimura has dived into exploring
05:37the ruins over 100 times over the past 10 years. According to him, there are clear signs of human
05:43activity down there. The triangle pool, located on the monument's surface, is a triangle-shaped
05:49concave that is a historical symbol of water fountains in the region. There is also a giant
05:54turtle carved on the eastern side of the structure. And according to Kimura, turtles have an important
06:00cultural meaning. Several pieces of stone tools have been recovered from the site. Their estimated age
06:06dates back to 10,000 years ago. However, not all scientists are convinced of the same. For many,
06:13Yanaguni is the result of thousands of years of erosion. The fact that the monument is composed of
06:18one massive rock leads them to believe that it is not human-made. The defined edges and flat surfaces
06:25resemble a natural formation occurrence in Northern Ireland, known as Giant's Causeway. A series of
06:31interlocking basalt columns looked like the ruins of a palace, but they were the result of volcanic
06:37activity in the region. Well, stay tuned for more underwater discoveries!
06:43The next stop on our voyage is one of today's most famous underwater cities that has turned into an
06:49underwater archaeological park. The city of Port Royal in Jamaica exists today only below the surface. But
06:56in 1692, it was one of the wealthiest cities in the Western Hemisphere. Port Royal was the center of
07:03the British Empire at the time, and an important trade city that attracted people from all over.
07:08It was also home to real-life pirates of the Caribbean. On the morning of June 7, 1692,
07:15the people of Port Royal met a different fate than they probably expected. The bars and restaurants
07:20beaming with life woke up shaking. People were taken out of bed with the power of a massive earthquake,
07:27estimated today at 7.5 on the Richter scale. One survivor says he saw the earth opening up and
07:34swallowing the town whole. What he said could be true, as the city was mainly built over sand. The
07:40ground sucked buildings, roads, and everyone above. Geysers erupted, and finally, waves as big as 10-story
07:47high buildings hit the city. About 33 acres of the city disappeared underwater. And amazingly,
07:54most of its 17th-century remains lie in good condition under 40 feet of water. In the ruins,
08:00archaeologists have found taverns, storage rooms, kitchens, and recreational buildings used for
08:05diverse purposes. You can see a grand lion statue, a submerged bridge, and many picturesque arches.
08:13Now, do you fancy a trip to India? Just outside its coast lies another sunken marvel. A site known as
08:21the Lost City of Kambay is located on the Gulf of a similar name. It remained hidden until 2001,
08:27when the National Institute of Ocean Technology did a routine water assessment. With sonar technology,
08:34which sends a wave of sound to the bottom of the sea, they found something far beneath the surface.
08:39Images showed well-defined geometric shapes spread along a five-mile stretch. The remains found
08:46dated to more than 9,500 years ago, meaning that this civilization was lost at around the end of the
08:52ice age. Debris recovered from the site included construction material, pottery, beads, sculptures,
08:59and even bones. Scientists argue whether these artifacts are indeed from the site. But if they truly are,
09:06then the Lost City of Kambay would be the oldest civilization in the world.
09:12You've probably heard about the mysterious sea state of Atlantis. It was a high-tech utopia where
09:18people lived happily. But then something happened, and Atlantis disappeared from the face of the earth.
09:24Many people believe that this city lies at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. But what if we've been
09:30looking in the wrong place all this time? What if it's somewhere different from where they're trying to find it?
09:37What if all this time Atlantis was in the middle of the Sahara Desert?
09:42Well, this unexpected theory has some evidence, but to study this version,
09:46you first need to understand what Atlantis was and how we got to know about it.
09:52The very first mention of the mysterious city was in 360 BCE. Ancient philosopher Plato wrote about
09:59Atlantis. His work Dialogues described Atlantis as a rich land with advanced technologies.
10:06Its inhabitants were powerful, intelligent, and beautiful, like superhumans. He described in detail
10:14the structure of the city, and this was the main reason why many people believed in the existence of Atlantis.
10:21According to his records, the Atlanteans built this place in several concentric circles of black and red
10:28stone. Then, they covered these circles with brass, tin, and precious metals. In the city, there were
10:35water channels on which ships sailed. The Atlanteans were sailors, so they built a passage from their city to
10:41the open sea. On the internet, you can find many drawings of Atlantis created based on Plato's descriptions.
10:50Take a look at these drawings and an actual photo of the eye of the Sahara. This place in the
10:56Sahara has a
10:57shape of several concentric circles. It looks as if a destroyed city left a trace on the sand. Many people
11:04have
11:05written online that the lost city was located there, but no one could prove it. Once upon a time, the
11:12Sahara was
11:13filled with rivers and lakes. In prehistoric times, there was only water there. So far, everything
11:20matches. The eye of the Sahara was first discovered in the 1930s. This place was considered a crater from
11:27a fallen meteorite. But in the middle of the 20th century, scientists conducted a soil analysis and
11:34refuted the version with a fallen space rock. In the end, everyone agreed that this was a dome of
11:40molten rocks under which magma was raging. For millions of years, wind and water had been destroying
11:48the formed landscape and eventually made it look like perfect circles. But what if the Atlanteans
11:54once came to this place and used natural circles to build a city? In this case, we would have many
12:01traces and artifacts from this developed civilization. And yes, archaeologists did find some arrowheads,
12:08spears, oars, and other things there. But this has nothing to do with Atlantis. In the eye of the Sahara,
12:15a multitude of Ashulian artifacts lies. It was an ancient tribe that frequented this place. For the first
12:23time, Ashulian tools appeared more than one and a half million years ago. Some of the items found there
12:29may be 130,000 years old. And according to the records, Atlantis existed about 12,000 years ago.
12:39Archaeologists found no artificial structures in this place. There was also no debris or traces of
12:45a large city. People would have found some stuff if a big city with advanced technologies had existed
12:51here. The main supporter of this idea was one YouTube channel. It collected a million views and
12:59attracted the attention of many historians and anthropologists. The theory that the eye of the
13:05Sahara is Atlantis was quickly refuted. People found too many discrepancies between this place and the
13:11description of Atlantis. The author tried to catch the viewer's attention by presenting external
13:16similarities between the natural landscape and the fictional ancient city. Another popular theory
13:23claims that Atlantis was a real continent located off the Bahamas. But then, this city was swallowed up
13:30by the Bermuda Triangle. According to this legend, the city ruins still lie at the bottom of the triangle.
13:37But there's no confirmation of this theory either. Writer Charles Berlitz invented it. Adherents of this
13:43theory claim that the walls and streets in the western part of the Bahamas might be the ruins of Atlantis.
13:49But scientists disagree. They have proven that these walls are natural formations of coastal rocks.
13:58There are also rumors that the story of Atlantis was inspired by an actual historical catastrophe,
14:04the Black Sea Flood. This is the Bosporus, a strait in Turkey connecting the Black Sea and the Sea of
14:11Marmara.
14:13Around 5600 BCE, the Black Sea was twice as small as it is now and had many cities on its
14:19shores.
14:21Unfortunately, a huge flood destroyed this flourishing civilization. Within a year,
14:26cities descended underwater and surviving inhabitants moved to foreign lands and spread stories about the
14:33flood. Maybe these stories inspired Plato to come up with Atlantis.
14:38In the 1950s, people came up with another version. Atlantis was the continent that is now Antarctica.
14:46Tens of thousands of years ago, a warm continent with a developed city shifted to the northern part
14:52of our planet because of the movement of Earth's crust. The Atlanteans couldn't adapt to the cold
14:58conditions and Atlantis was covered with a thick layer of ice. This theory was refuted when scientists
15:05began studying the tectonic plates' nature. It turned out that Earth's crust couldn't have moved such a
15:11huge continent as Antarctica. The tectonic plates don't behave this way at all. But the main question
15:18is, was Atlantis real? No one had described it before Plato. Perhaps the philosopher came up with it.
15:25Maybe he did this to emphasize the correctness of his views on life and to identify his philosophical
15:32theories. In his works, he wrote a lot about divine and human nature and how people can destroy this
15:38nature. He spoke of decaying ideal societies because of immoral behavior and vices.
15:45The Atlanteans were once moral, spiritual people who created a utopia, but then they became greedy and
15:53mean. They destroyed their inner nature and for this they had to witness the destruction of their city.
15:59One night, fires and earthquakes hit Atlantis and plunged the city into the sea. The higher powers
16:06punished people for their immoral behavior and Plato also wanted everyone to be afraid of moral decay.
16:13But judging by the descriptions of the earthquakes and fire, it may seem that Atlantis was destroyed by
16:19a volcanic eruption, as it was with the ancient Roman city of Pompeii. And such destructions have
16:25happened pretty often throughout history. Natural disasters ruined many developed cities. One of the
16:32most famous cases occurred in 1100 BCE in the Mediterranean Sea, when a volcanic eruption destroyed
16:39the highly developed Minoan society. The Minoan society existed for about 2000 years. These people mostly
16:48lived on the islands of Crete and Santorini, located north of Crete. The Minoans had beautiful houses,
16:55a sewage system, and a developed economy. They were engaged in agriculture, grew fruits and vegetables,
17:01painted frescoes, and made jewelry. They were the first people to found the Thalasocracy,
17:07an empire based on the sea. They lived off of fishing, piracy, and maritime trade. At the time,
17:15they performed cruel rituals, and their way of life was far from moral. They were used to earthquakes
17:21on the island of Santorini, so they reinforced the walls of the city with wooden beams. But they
17:27didn't know what a volcanic eruption was. And when the sulfur smell appeared in the air,
17:32they didn't suspect the impending catastrophe. When the volcano spilled out tons of lava and ash,
17:38all the residents of Santorini abandoned their homes and tried to escape. But they couldn't.
17:43The eruption and earthquake triggered a tsunami. A large wave flooded the coastal part of the island
17:50of Crete. This hit the economy of the Minoans hard and destroyed their port harbor. Then,
17:56foreigners attacked Crete and finally destroyed the developed civilization. Some historians think
18:02that Plato could have referred to the Minoan empire when describing Atlantis. Using their example,
18:08he showed how immoral actions could destroy people. In 2018, the most powerful underwater earthquake
18:16occurred between East Africa and Madagascar. There was a deep rift between the Earth's crust and the
18:22mantle. Hundreds of thousands of tons of magma came out on the surface of the ocean floor. After that,
18:29a huge underwater volcano with a height of 2,700 feet was formed near the coast of Madagascar. This
18:37is almost twice the height of the Empire State Building. And all this is hidden under the water.
18:43French scientists studied this place since it had regular seismic activity. When the geologists went on
18:49an expedition to the coast of Madagascar, they discovered this giant underwater rock, which was
18:55not here until recently. With the help of geological equipment, they discovered the earthquake happened
19:01deeper than usual, below the Earth's crust. Geologists created a special observatory to monitor the
19:08situation at this site in real time. Between February and May 2019, they recorded about 17,000
19:16seismic activities below the ocean floor. Scientists had never recorded such deep earthquakes. This
19:23suggests that there are reservoirs and drainage systems inside our planet through which magma flows.
19:29It's like the veins and vessels of a living organism. The volume of lava the volcano spews at this place
19:36can be compared with the volcanic eruptions in the hottest spots of Earth. Perhaps this is one of the most
19:42catastrophic, but at the same time, beautiful events in nature over the past few years. To understand
19:49what can be beautiful about this, let's first figure out what an underwater volcano is and how it works.
19:56Inside our planet, there are incandescent liquid metals and molten rocks containing almost all the
20:03chemical elements from the periodic table. All this hot substance is called magma, which constantly flows in
20:10the planet's bowels. Anyway, magma is lighter than the surrounding Earth's crust, so it always tries to break out
20:17upwards. Fortunately, the surface of our planet is strong enough and doesn't allow magma to splash out. But
20:24sometimes, it happens. And here's why.
20:29The Earth's crust consists of many solid parts, tectonic plates. These plates collide with each other because of movement.
20:37Imagine a massive picture of puzzles. Each detail of this puzzle is a tectonic plate, and they all are
20:44constantly moving. Sometimes, one puzzle gets unhooked from another. When this happens, magma immediately spills
20:51out of the resulting gap. And these places of faults with flowing magma we call volcanoes. When such a volcano
20:59erupts,
20:59a new geology begins. A splash of magma shakes the ocean floor. Lava and ash erupt from the inside of
21:08our
21:08planet. It causes a release of destructive energy of incredible power. But thanks to the water, such a
21:15catastrophe can go unnoticed. More than 70 percent of the seismic activity associated with volcanoes occurs
21:23underwater, and almost no one notices it. But inside the water, there's a total mess. Lava heats the water
21:31and destroys the seabed. The ocean in this area boils, and large air bubbles rise up. But the enormous
21:37pressure of hundreds of millions of gallons of water suppresses the volcano's destructive power. Molten
21:44rocks of the Earth's crust are pressed against the seabed. The ocean blocks the consequences of the
21:50disaster. But sometimes, the eruption gets to the surface. Such a case occurred in 2012. Vast pieces
21:58of pumice the size of a van began to float up in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. There were hundreds,
22:04even thousands of them. It was more like a group of unknown islands. Volcanic rocks scattered in the
22:11ocean over an area twice as large as New Zealand. Scientists used deep-sea sonar apparatus on the
22:18remote control to determine the full scale of the disaster. They studied the seabed for a long time
22:24and found 14 craters that released lava. The researchers saw that more than a third of the
22:31erupted volcanic material surfaced and scattered throughout the ocean. The rest was scattered along
22:36the bottom. It destroyed all marine life in the area. However, after the eruption of volcanoes,
22:43life is reborn like a phoenix from the ashes. Volcanic ash, lava, and soil around the volcano
22:51contain many useful elements and minerals. They nourish the soil and promote the development of
22:57microorganisms not only on land but also in water. That's why there's so much vegetation, flowers, and
23:04trees around volcanoes. And underwater volcanoes can eventually form natural islands. This is a long
23:11process resulting from which a large piece of land comes out of the water. When magma goes out, the
23:18water immediately presses it to the seabed. The eruption can go on for a long time. The release magma
23:25raises the level of the seabed. After another hundred, maybe a thousand years, a new eruption begins. New
23:32magma flows lay a new layer on the surface of the previous one. Over millions of years, layer by layer,
23:39the volcano has been growing. It's slowly rising up because of constant eruptions. Some volcanoes may
23:46go out forever, and some continue to erupt. And then, one day, the level of volcanic rock reaches the
23:53surface in the form of a huge island. After many more years, the volcano may go out, and then life
24:00appears on the formed island. The destroyed seabed area is filled with animals, trees, flowers, and plants.
24:07These volcanic islands have unique ecosystems because they develop separately from all continents.
24:14Observing such islands helps scientists understand how life on Earth was born.
24:20There are hundreds of islands around the world that have appeared because of eruptions of underwater
24:25volcanoes. You can find them in Hawaii, Indonesia, and Iceland. Many of them are inhabited by people.
24:32They build villages and small towns there. The ground on such islands is fertile. Fruits and vegetables
24:39grow there. The water is filled with fig. Such places may seem like paradise, but at the same time,
24:46it's dangerous to live there because the volcano may wake up.
24:51One of the most famous eruptions occurred on the island of Ogashima, south of Tokyo. People built a
24:57beautiful city right in the crater of an active volcano. And in May 1785, the eruption began.
25:07No one expected this to happen. At some point, thousands of birds rose and flew away from the island.
25:14And then the ground began to shake. A heavy, low sound came from beneath the underground depths. Thick
25:21smoke escaped from the top of the green volcano. The mountain threw dirt, large rocks, and red-hot pieces
25:27of magma into the sky. The disaster lasted several weeks. People managed to evacuate. And then there
25:35was a long recovery. Locals rebuilt the houses and brought the city back. Almost 250 years have passed
25:42since that moment. And during this time, the volcano has never woken up. Despite the risk of a new
25:49eruption, people continue to live there. The population is growing since this place resembles
25:55paradise. And no one wants to leave it. There are thermal springs, dense jungles with rich soil,
26:02and many fish. Meteorological and seismological surfaces constantly monitor the volcano's activity.
26:10Movements and fractures of tectonic plates create another natural disaster, destructive tsunamis.
26:16Unlike volcanoes, huge waves are formed when seismic activity causes the crust to move vertically,
26:23up or down. When this happens, water pressure shifts on the ocean floor, which releases energy. This
26:30energy pushes the water and creates a tsunami. By the same principle, you form a small wave when you
26:36throw a stone into the water. First, a small tsunami appears. Then it picks up speed and increases in size.
26:44Its height can reach the level of a five-story building. It's heading for the coast and
26:49accelerating to 500 miles per hour. This is almost twice as fast as a Formula One race car. Millions
26:56of gallons of water, weighing thousands of tons, are getting closer. And now, the wave reaches the
27:03shore and demolishes everything in its path. Houses, trees, cars, nothing can withstand the destructive
27:10force of nature. Such tsunamis are a frequent occurrence on the coast of Japan. People have built massive
27:16shields near the land to stop the waves before they hit the shore. Still, in spite of all preparedness,
27:25somehow, nature always prevails.
27:28you
27:29you
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