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00:19Hello and welcome to Global Eye from the BBC World Service. Over the next half an
00:23hour we'll be bringing you powerful stories and insight from across the
00:27world. I'm Amir Nader an international correspondent and this week I'm joining
00:32you from Jerusalem. Israelis and Palestinians are reeling from more than
00:36two years of war. It's touched every home. A peace plan for Gaza brokered by
00:41President Trump came into effect in October. All of Israel's surviving
00:46hostages have been released and thousands of Palestinians have been
00:49freed from Israeli detention. But now as some families attempt to look forward
00:54moving beyond the devastation for many others here in the Holy Land the
00:58conflict shows no signs of easing. Israel itself stands at the brink of an
01:03uncertain new chapter but one that promises to have huge reverberations
01:07not only here but around the region and the world. Later we'll bring you a BBC
01:13I film from Bethlehem a few miles from here in the occupied West Bank where many
01:17expectant Palestinian mothers face unsafe travel, limited medical access and
01:22constant fear while bringing new life amidst the ongoing conflict and will
01:32bring you the story of the Brazilian school beset by violence crime and
01:36truancy in a high-risk community that defied the odds undergoing an incredible
01:40transformation. I've spent most of my journalistic career covering the Middle East
01:45it's a region rich in history and culture yet also defined by deep fault lines and
01:51recurring crises and few conflicts have dominated global headlines as much as
01:57the recent Israel Gaza war. This conflicts origins can be traced back more than a
02:02century but the current war started in October 2023 when Hamas gunmen attacked
02:07southern Israel killing more than 1,100 people and taking 251 others hostage.
02:15more than 71,000 Palestinians have been killed by Israel's campaign according to the Hamas run
02:21health ministry around half of them women and children Israel's last public estimate is that
02:26it is killed around 20,000 fighters most of Gaza's buildings have either been damaged or destroyed
02:32while Israel has at times either restricted or blocked the flow of aid reaching Palestinians pushing
02:39Gaza into starvation. I've been reporting from this side of the Gaza border since the first days of
02:45the war I've seen the fear and division at its most extreme Israel has blocked foreign media from freely
02:52entering Gaza instead local Palestinian journalists medical staff and international aid workers have told
02:59us about the reality on the ground. It's a war that's had momentous global reverberations defining
03:05us and changing us in far-reaching ways it's challenged the principles of everything from the ethics of weapon
03:11sales to the future of the Eurovision Song Contest. Israel sits on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean
03:18Sea with a population of 10 million the majority Jewish living alongside Muslim Christian and Druze communities.
03:25Freeing Israeli hostages from Gaza was at first a unifying cause for the country called out each day
03:32from this square in Tel Aviv. Yet very quickly it became a fissure, a sharp divide in Israeli society
03:37as backers of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's military campaign clashed with those calling for a
03:43hostage deal to be negotiated with Hamas much earlier. Critics of Netanyahu in Israel have accused him of
03:48responsibility for security failures on October the 7th and for enabling Hamas's build-up over many years
03:55claims he's disputed. His backers have said that his determination to pursue total victory has seen
04:03the weakening of Israel's opponents in the region as war escalated across the Middle East. In some
04:11quarters the war has turned Israel into a pariah state. A number of international bodies including a
04:17United Nations Commission of Inquiry have accused it of committing genocide in Gaza. Accusations the government
04:23has vehemently denied saying it has only acted in self-defense. Trauma has gripped parts of Israeli
04:30society including some of the tens of thousands of soldiers who have fought in the conflict. Across
04:35the country people have dealt with the trauma of suffering hostages, of loved ones being sent to
04:40fight, of life put on hold and families separated. The current situation is difficult. It was a very prolonged traumatic
04:49experience. I don't think if you go out into the streets of Israel now and you ask people is the
04:54war
04:54over or not a lot of people would say no. In certain populations we've seen much higher levels of PTSD
05:01but
05:02you then also have to remember different populations, different conditions, different traumatic events and
05:10people with also different pre-existing traumas. Throughout its history Israel has promoted itself
05:16as a safe place for Jewish people around the world. The Hamas attack shattered that sense of security and
05:22prompted a sharp reaction in Israeli society. It's been common to hear pundits on tv chat shows calling for
05:28the collective punishment of Palestinians or their mass expulsion from Gaza.
05:42Throughout the war I've been surprised by how little tv channels here in Israel show the reality
05:47on the ground. Scenes of starvation that have shocked the world have been rarely shown here and when they
05:52have they've often been dismissed as fake news. Some moderate voices, voices arguing for coexistence,
05:58and the collective healing between Israelis and Palestinians have told me they feel marginalized.
06:04The International Criminal Court has issued an arrest warrant for Prime Minister Netanyahu.
06:09Yet here in Israel Paul suggests he continues to have a solid base of support.
06:14I spoke to the pollster and political consultant Mitchell Barak who has worked for Israeli politicians
06:19on both the left and the right including Benjamin Netanyahu. Prime Minister Netanyahu really thrives on a
06:26chaos. Some of that chaos he creates himself within his party, within his government, and some of it
06:31is external. I would not write that political obituary for Netanyahu. He is nowhere near finished.
06:39We have an election coming up probably not later than October of this year and I can't say Netanyahu will
06:46win.
06:46In fact I don't think he'll win. But he certainly won't lose. And not losing means he'll stay Prime Minister
06:54somehow.
06:55Since the October Gaza ceasefire came into effect over 400 Palestinians including children have been killed
07:02by the Israeli military according to the Hamas-run Health Ministry. Israel which now controls over half of
07:08Gaza has said it has opened fire in response to what it is called ceasefire violations. It has accused Hamas
07:15of killing three of its soldiers during that same period. Looking forward huge and resolved questions
07:21remain. What does the future of Gaza look like? Will Hamas agree to disarm? A key stipulation of the plan.
07:28With Israel's leaders vowing they'll never allow Palestinians to have their own sovereign state,
07:33the future of diplomacy looks fraught. I've been here in Bethlehem in the occupied West Bank numerous
07:42times while the war in Gaza was at its height just a few miles from here and I've seen the
07:47reality of
07:48how daily life here is impacted by Israel's ever-growing military occupation. Here at the Aida Youth Centre
07:55this football pitch is the latest example of the reality of life under occupation seen as a lifeline to
08:02young people. In December the Israeli authorities said they would demolish it as it was built without
08:07permissions. A claim local Palestinians dispute. And as our next film from the BBC i-team reveals,
08:14occupation leaves a mark on the most significant milestones of a person's life.
08:47occupationng in the
08:47imposing
08:47occupation
09:01on the
09:02It's a lot of love.
09:04The meaning is that you can do it because you can do it.
09:10Any thing will do it.
09:16God forbid her.
09:18The revolution, oh my god.
09:20God forbid her.
09:20We are so sorry about the city, because the city is the only one city in every country.
09:24and they're not working on them.
09:27We have a very clear view of the museum,
09:30and it's very simple.
09:32It's helping all the people,
09:35and all the people,
09:36without any gender,
09:38without any gender,
09:38without any gender,
09:39without any gender,
09:40without any gender,
09:42without any gender.
09:46Oh!
09:46See!
09:49Oh!
09:51Hey, Marina!
09:52Stay! Stay!
09:53Stay!
09:55See you!
09:56See you!
10:00Thank you!
10:25How are you?
10:26How are you?
10:27How are you?
10:27How are you?
10:28How are you?
10:29They say,
10:30they start from the first time,
10:32you're not getting the bag,
10:34but you're not getting the bag.
10:35You're getting the bag.
10:38I'm getting the bag.
10:38And I'm going to remember,
10:39the first time I met my friend.
10:43And the first time I met,
10:44I'm going to cry at my phone.
10:47I was a little bit of a load,
10:49and a little bit of a load.
10:52A little bit of a load.
11:06That's why we're doing this.
11:08My son is a big challenge for many things.
11:14And how I told you,
11:16everyone in Palestine has these experiences with children.
11:22They're talking about this.
11:23I want to let my son live in this experience.
11:27This is a struggle in life.
11:30And we decided to return to Palestine.
11:34And we decided to return to Palestine in this world.
11:36It's a part of your life.
11:52I was waiting for my son to give me a second.
11:57And my son was born in the first half.
12:00In the 27 weeks.
12:04And I didn't say anything.
12:04I was worried that I had a lot of problems in the world.
12:06Or that they were not allowed.
12:08Because I'm still alive.
12:10I said that there was not anything for them.
12:14I said that I was going to hurt the child.
12:16I said that the child was killed.
12:22I told her that the child was killed.
12:27The child was killed.
12:29In the end, I have to be strong.
12:30I don't know what to do with her.
12:32I don't know what to do with her.
12:38Mathiel developed a complication
12:40that a lot of extreme premature babies develop.
12:43It's unfortunately a very bad scenario.
12:48But things could turn around with her.
13:00The Messiah was born in the house.
13:03We live in the same conditions that we live in today.
13:10You have to have faith.
13:12If there is faith in the Messiah and the Messiah,
13:15there is a whole thing in the world.
13:22We want to do the purpose of the people of Gaza and the children of Gaza.
13:28We want to put peace in the whole world.
13:40People are afraid of the war.
13:43People are afraid that there is no plane.
13:45Who would start to get rid of it?
13:49People are not with them.
13:51People are not with them.
13:53They don't have any relations.
13:53We are not with them.
13:54We don't have any relations in the city.
13:57So this wasn't just a mess...
13:59They'T know in the house.
13:59Muslims they experience Cute ! They
14:21who get rid of it today.
14:22because when I was a very young age,
14:26I cut off the damage, which is the damage of the Kalundiya.
14:31It's a big deal.
14:35It's a big deal.
14:37It's a big deal.
14:37I'm not a real deal.
14:40But you're a big deal.
14:43I don't want them to remember anything.
14:48I'm not a real deal.
14:50It's a big deal.
14:51It's a big deal.
14:51It's a big deal.
14:53It's a big deal.
14:54It's a big deal.
14:55We also hear these things.
14:56It's a big deal.
15:15I'm a big deal.
15:17I'm going to go to the house.
15:21I'm going to go to the house.
15:22I brought my daughter to the house here.
15:24She was still a baby.
15:25She still didn't go to the house.
15:30One of the girls and one of the girls.
15:33God bless you.
15:36What's going on, Jay?
15:40They're allowed to play.
15:41Yes, that's right.
16:11But the problem is that the political and security situation is very difficult.
16:18But we're going to have to wait for a while.
16:33I really like Christmas Christmas a lot.
16:36I'm very excited about the issue of Gaza.
16:38This year doesn't have Christmas.
16:46We're going to sleep and we're going to listen to the news.
16:49We're not able to help.
16:52When we come to the hospital,
16:53we're going to the hospital.
16:56We're going to have a beautiful garden.
16:58We're going to have a beautiful garden.
17:00Is there a garden?
17:01Come on!
17:02Come on!
17:03Come on!
17:03But these people are going to sleep.
17:07There's no hope.
17:09They took the hope from us.
17:11Come on, boys!
17:12Come on!
17:13Come on!
17:16Come on!
17:17Come on!
17:18Come on!
17:18Come on!
17:18Come on!
17:20I'm going to sleep!
17:20How many?
17:22Good!
17:25Look at the house!
17:27We're going to see the house!
17:29Here's the baby!
17:30Look at the house!
17:32Look at that.
17:32We're going to sleep.
17:32Let's go!
17:34Let's wait!
17:36Hey!
17:37Thanks!
17:39It could be calm to us.
17:40Can you listen to?
17:42Can you listen, listen, listen.
17:44This is how it is.
17:46God!
17:47Man!
17:49Oh!
17:49Look at the house!
17:52Look at the house of this.
17:54There you go!
17:55Good!
17:57Good!
17:57Fay!
17:58Come on!
17:59One, two.
18:04This is the day for the day of the year.
18:07This is a gift from the sky, something nice.
18:11I can't see if you return to the world and I'll bring it to the day.
18:18Many people, when I first decided to bring a child,
18:23told me that I was born during the pandemic,
18:34I had a lot of fear from this side.
18:39It's a lot of fear.
18:42But I see that there's hope.
18:46Because the hope comes from my life.
18:52I see that he is a child.
18:55I see that he is a child.
18:55Because there are a lot of people waiting for them.
19:00There's a fear, but there's a hope.
19:05Oh, my God.
19:11We've finished today.
19:16It's been 85 days.
19:20They were 35 years old.
19:23In the same way, I was very happy.
19:27But, God, I was a happy one.
19:29I was 25 years old.
19:31I was 25 years old.
19:31But I have a doctor and I have a doctor.
19:34All right, what are you doing?
19:35All right.
19:36God bless you.
19:37We're not going to be able to do it.
19:42It's amazing.
19:44We'll be able to do it.
19:47Yeah, sure.
19:58First of all,
20:00the peace and peace are important.
20:04and we live with a nice family and a nice family.
20:08I'm not going to go back to my family and see her in the school,
20:13and I'm going to show her the best children and the best children.
21:05Elsewhere on the World Service this week, BBC Persian has now received dozens of rare
21:10eyewitness accounts from inside Iran, despite the ongoing near-total internet blackouts
21:15throughout the country, as recent protests have been violently crushed by government
21:18forces over the past week.
21:21The full story is on the BBC News website.
21:24And after a year-long investigation, the BBC Afghan team published a report exposing the
21:29internal differences at the very top of the Taliban government in Afghanistan.
21:33Through audio obtained by our reporters and exclusive access to Taliban insiders.
21:38You can also find that story on the BBC News website.
21:42Now we're taking you to one of Brazil's toughest neighbourhoods, Cuba Town, on the outskirts
21:47of Sao Paulo.
21:48For years, one local public school, Parque dos Sonhos, the Park of Dreams, was known by
21:53a far darker nickname.
21:54Beset by crime and violence, half of its students requested to be transferred.
21:59But something extraordinary has happened.
22:02In the last year, it's won an international award and been recognized as one of the best
22:06in the world.
22:07So how did an institution in one of the most troubled communities in Brazil defy the odds
22:13and rewrites its own story?
22:15BBC Brazil's Ruche Pina has been finding out.
22:18CocaÃna, CocaÃna e Cassandra Cripto
22:19Lá de Vila
22:20Lá de Vila
22:20Lá de Vila
22:23Chegou uma situação que quando nós chegamos, todos os computadores estavam na sala da informática,
22:32tinham sido roubados.
22:34E aà todo dia eu falava, gente, o que que eu vou encontrar lá?
22:36O que que vai acontecer hoje?
22:51This public school once faced constant breakings, theft and violence, but today it's been recognized
23:00as one of the best in the world.
23:02We are in Cubatão, on the coast of São Paulo, in southwest Brazil, to understand what
23:08the school Parque dos Sonhos, that translates to the Park of Dreams, did differently.
23:14It sits between Latin America's largest port, Santos, and the steep mountains of Serra
23:21do Mar.
23:22In the early 2010s, the city ranked among the most violent in the state because it was often
23:28used for drug routes.
23:30The school teaches children aged 6 to 14.
23:35Back then, the violence didn't come from the students, but from outsiders and local gangs
23:41who frequently broke into the building.
23:43In the second day, as a director, my room had been broken.
23:47The walls were broken.
23:49Then the classes started, they broke the ventilator.
23:53There were blocks for the work to break the blocks of the work.
23:56Park dos Sonhos is in a neighborhood created to resettle families who have lived in the Serra
24:03do Mar, a mountain range near São Paulo prone to landslides and high-risk informal settlements.
24:08At first, there was almost nothing here, just a forest, a river, and a few houses.
24:14As a result, the school was subject to break-ins and vandalism.
24:20Regis, a history teacher, was invited to become principal because of his experience dealing
24:27with challenging school environments.
24:29That's when he first heard about Park dos Sonhos.
24:32And then I entered the internet to research on the school.
24:36And the first news that I saw from the school was that the communities of the Bolsons 789,
24:41which is where the school is inserted, suffered from security because of the violence.
24:47And then the second report that I saw from the school was that they entered the school,
24:50they had taken and vandalized in the school.
24:53And then there was a third report that said that in a Junina party, the men of the traffic
24:58I had entered the school, and I was making a mess at the fest, and I thought, my God,
25:02is that I'm going to that school?
25:04And then I knew that the school was known as the Park dos Pesadelos, or the Park of Terror,
25:09because of the name, right?
25:10The Park dos Sonhos, the Park dos Pesadelos, is a place where no one wanted to be here,
25:12because I couldn't stand here.
25:15Back then, the school had only 116 students.
25:19The half of the students had asked for transference because they didn't want to study here,
25:22because of the violence, because of the aggression.
25:27Even so, Regis set a big goal to turn one of the most vulnerable schools into the best
25:34in the region within five years.
25:36The first step was fixing the basics, the walls, the floors, and the furniture.
25:41With very little public money, the school turned to local businesses for help.
25:46At the same time, we started a job of listening to the students, to have a more human view,
25:52to have a really look back to them.
25:55The full-time school introduced 23 projects, including sports, journalism, and theater.
26:20The hallways also tell a story.
26:23Every classroom door features art of famous figures like Mandela, Malala, and the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire.
26:30The Park of Dreams won the world's best school prize in November, in the overcoming a diversity category.
26:38I was very shy, we were crying.
26:41I was very happy, very happy.
26:44When we found out that we were in the top one, we had to cry.
26:47It was very emotional, very emotional.
26:50And the transformation that brought the award home also had an impact on student performance.
26:56The school's official score more than doubled.
26:59It rose from 2.2 to 4.6 on a state index that measures school performance.
27:07But for the teachers, the numbers are only part of the story.
27:11Our school didn't evolve, but didn't achieve the goal last year.
27:17But for us, the important thing is how our students are today and how our students are tomorrow.
27:24We found students that no one gave them anything.
27:28What is emotional is to see all this process, this process of transformation,
27:33to understand how the school can be this point of transformation, this point of support, this point of balance.
27:39We had four cases where the girls, in the tutorial, said that they were being abused.
27:44So, if we were able to do that, to make a girl say, to express what is happening in her
27:51house,
27:52this is very important for us, because the school has to be this moment, this thing of protection.
27:59Last year, Parque do Sonho served to more than 500 elementary school students.
28:04This year, it will also begin offering high school.
28:08A new chapter for a school was considered impossible to save.
28:12Imagine if a school, in 2016, was closed because there weren't students.
28:18And in 2026, we're going to start with 1,200 students.
28:21It's emotional.
28:22You say, wow, what did I do?
28:25What can I do?
28:26Well, I know.
28:31Thanks for joining me in Jerusalem, Global Eye will be back next week.
28:36Goodbye.
28:36Bye.
29:06Bye.
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