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Reimagining Life in the Age of Intelligence
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00:23Bonjour
00:24Bonjour, I hope you are well, rested, and that you have enjoyed so far all the meetings, all the discussions,
00:34and all the visits.
00:36We have a very special moment with a very special individual and a very special company, G42.
00:49Please welcome Peng Xiao, who is the CEO of G42, and Lucie Finier, who is the Deputy Director of the
01:10French Tech.
01:20Life is very difficult for some people, particularly when they have a tough negotiation, and that is what happened to
01:29Peng.
01:29I told him, don't do arm wrestle with the German, and he did, and that is the reason why we
01:39have a handicapped.
01:42You know, the last time I saw Maurice, the first time I met you was a few weeks ago at
01:47Truth France.
01:48I had a broken toe. Now I have a broken shoulder, so he now thinks trouble goes where I go.
01:57I hurt my shoulder because I was helping Willy Jensen Huang to move those very, very heavy NVIDIA servers, and
02:04this is the real reason.
02:09Clara Chapaz had to be with us, and Clara unfortunately, you know, the task of the ministers had an emergency,
02:22and she had to make sure that she can do the job of a minister, so she had to address
02:35this emergency first.
02:37But somebody said that we have the best part of what French Tech has with Lucie, so we are very
02:49happy to have you.
02:50Welcome, and thank you for making yourself available.
02:55Thank you so much.
02:56Peng.
02:58Yes, sir.
02:58Before we go in the AI stuff and G42 and what it is all about, I think that we are
03:12all curious about yourself,
03:14and would like to have a little bit of glimpse of who you are and how somebody like you has
03:31landed in Abu Dhabi
03:33and running what will be one of the most wonderful AI company.
03:40Well, the great Carl Sagan once said, humans are born to be wanderers.
03:48We love to wander around.
03:51From villages we left into the farmlands, from ship building, traveling across the oceans.
03:58I guess I'm no different.
03:59I'm a wanderer.
04:00I was born in China when I was a teenager in the early 1990s.
04:06I was among the first to travel to the U.S. to pursue higher education.
04:12When you say China, China mainland.
04:15Mainland China, indeed.
04:18And in the U.S., I was very fortunate to have caught in the 1990s and early 2000s the IT
04:28explosion.
04:29So I pursued a career in information technology.
04:33Eventually, I became the chief technology officer of a company called MicroStrategy in Washington, D.C.
04:41You may know about this company, and it has been a global leader in the field of business intelligence.
04:50What's interesting is that I wandered further from that company, from BI into the field of AI, when about a
04:57decade ago, 10 years or so ago, I left the U.S. to pursue a new career in the great
05:05nation of UAE.
05:07One of the true inspirations for me was a speech given by Sheikh Mohammed.
05:14He signed as our president of the UAE back in 2014, when he said that, as a nation, we should
05:23look forward to celebrating the last shipment of the last barrel of oil.
05:30We need to remove the oil dependency to go from an extractive society economy to a creative economy, a knowledge
05:39-based economy.
05:40So I took my skills in big data and business intelligence to the UAE to develop that sector of the
05:48economy, and I'm happy to see.
05:49And today, UAE has become not just a knowledge economy, but really is becoming, which we discussed today, an intelligence
05:58-based economy in the age of AI.
06:01So it's interesting, because yesterday we had Jensen Wang.
06:08Jensen was not from mainland China, but from Taiwan.
06:12Taiwan.
06:13You are from mainland China.
06:15So we see that when the U.S. is nurturing, welcoming, and growing the immigrants, at the end of the
06:26day, it is doing something very good, not only for the U.S., but for the world.
06:36I agree.
06:37I think I was lucky, Jensen was also lucky before me, that the U.S. went through this, what I
06:44call the golden age of inclusion, the golden age of promoting merit-based growth in any profession.
06:53And I hope this golden age shall return.
06:57So it's a great lesson.
06:59So we should really think a better world, and part of the better world is to be more open, more
07:11welcoming.
07:12Paris is right now, by the way.
07:14Look at this conference.
07:15So, moving to G42, and before we enter into AI native, can you tell us what the hell is all
07:28about G42?
07:30I think that nobody knows.
07:32Who in the room knows G42?
07:36Wow.
07:37Ah, it's very nice.
07:39It's this group.
07:41A good fan club.
07:42And the rest of the room, know.
07:44So it's time for you to do an ad.
07:49So be a good ad man, and in 30 seconds, you say, that is the essence of G42.
07:59G42 is lucky to be a supersized version of Mistral.
08:06G42 is a national champion leading the entire AI sector of the nation of the UAE.
08:14And I would dare to say the broader region of the Middle East and beyond.
08:19It's a company that was founded similar to Mistral.
08:22Started with research in the field of artificial intelligence, specific machine learning really.
08:27Then quickly realized that AI has real potential to be applied across all society segments and bring real economic impact
08:39to the society.
08:41So today G42 is really a holding company in which we have one company focused on my original mission, a
08:51big data analytics.
08:53A company is called Presight.
08:55We have another company called M42, the largest healthcare technology company in the entire region.
09:01We have another company called Space42 focused on space technology, so on and so forth.
09:06So we are now a group of companies united by this underlying theme of AI applied at a societal scale.
09:17Great.
09:18Great.
09:19Great.
09:19So now we will move to trying to understand your vision, the future of the region, as well as the
09:34fundamental issues that are posed to all the countries in France, in Europe, and in UEA, and the rest of
09:45the world.
09:46So, I will start with not Clara, but Lucille.
09:57We had several discussions.
09:59The president yesterday has insisted on the objective for France, for Europe.
10:06And since he has been in France, and before he has been president, he has championed French technology, he has
10:24created the French tech, etc.
10:26So, and there is a goal regarding a European approach to AI.
10:36Can you tell us a little bit about this and how it is addressed by the government and what you
10:46think are the key objectives that are behind this?
10:53And if we have the means to achieve those objectives?
10:59Yes.
11:00I think President Macron already talked a lot about it yesterday on this very stage.
11:07The objective is really to make sure that we build at the European level AI sovereignty, that we make sure
11:19that we build champions.
11:21And what is important is that today in France and in Europe, we have the ingredients for it.
11:27So, what are the ingredients to build AI in Europe?
11:32Well, first of all, we have talents.
11:36Especially in France, our engineers, our fundamental researchers, they are recognized.
11:43And wherever you go in the world, in Silicon Valley, in UAE, or in other countries in Europe, you will
11:52find talents from France.
11:54So, I think this is really one of the core things.
11:57The second one is we have decarbonated energy because in France, we are a nuclear country.
12:04And this is very key because we all know that AI is very high in terms of energy consumption.
12:12And to make sure that we roll it out effectively, we need to leverage on this.
12:18So, this is really key.
12:20But we know also that we need infrastructures and funds to continue to go fast on this.
12:27And I think we can be very proud because this year, in February, with the AI Action Summit, we managed
12:34to get to secure 109 billion euros to build AI infrastructures.
12:42And then we doubled down with Choose France a couple of weeks ago and also thanks to investment of G42
12:49in Grenoble.
12:50So, I think, really, we have the fundamentals so that France and the EU in general becomes an AI powerhouse.
13:00Great.
13:00So, when you are listening to this, this gives you the feeling that it should be good for you to
13:07invest in France?
13:10I think investing in France and investing similar regional centers where AI is found and centered in the national agenda
13:22is not just nice to have.
13:25It's a necessity.
13:27In G42, we talk about this concept of building an intelligence grid.
13:33We believe it takes more than just building to use, again, our friend Jensen's term, AI factories.
13:41We have to connect them together around the world for intelligence to flow like electricity.
13:48You mentioned just now, Lucy, over 100 billion euros being raised to invest in France.
13:55It's fantastic.
13:56But guess what?
13:57100 billion euros can only build two gigawatts of AI data center.
14:03Only two.
14:04The world today has about 60 gigawatts of total capacity in data center.
14:10We believe, when I say we, I mean the AI industry practitioners, the world will need anywhere between 300 to
14:17500 gigawatts.
14:20This is trillions of dollars worth of investment.
14:24No individual, no company, no nation can do it by themselves.
14:30The world has to come together.
14:32The reason why I want to emphasize this term intelligence grid is because there is a striking parallel to what's
14:39surrounding us right now,
14:40all the lights on this stage, the electric grid.
14:45Very often, we have partners come to UAE and say, well, Peng, it's wonderful.
14:50I'd love to partner with you because UAE sits between the east and west.
14:54You are a great gateway hub to the global south.
14:58I find this term global south somewhat, excuse my language, insulting.
15:04But it's a tragic fact.
15:06The reason why there is a global south, the reason why, a big reason why Africa, for example, is so
15:13behind in economic development,
15:15is because of a lack of access to electric grid.
15:19After over 100 years of invention of electricity, 40% of Africa today doesn't have reliable and readily available access
15:28to electricity.
15:30Can we afford another global south of intelligence?
15:35I don't think so.
15:37It'll be a great mistake.
15:39It'll be a formula for global disaster.
15:43Therefore, I believe it's not just a great opportunity to invest in France and similar countries.
15:48It's a duty for nations with a similar mindset and resources to come together to architect and to implement this
15:57intelligence grid.
16:01Just to build upon this, I think it's what you're saying is really key because we need to make sure
16:07that AI is accessible throughout the world to all the countries,
16:11not to increase again what's happening between what you say global south and north.
16:16And on this, I believe that the AI action summit was really also a success because more than 23 governments
16:24signed the declaration at the end of the AI summit in February.
16:29So I think it's showing that there is also a real will from different countries to get together to move
16:37forward on this path.
16:38So, going back to the objective of G42, my understanding is that you are at the forefront of the ambition
16:53of Abu Dhabi to become the world's first AI native nation.
17:01Can you explain AI native through the concept of intelligence grid?
17:10I think it's interesting that we all understand what this does mean
17:17and what kind of bold, innovative leadership does such a transformation demand for a nation and for all the people
17:30of the nation.
17:33Even though we are still in the nascent early stage of advanced AI development,
17:41I think we've seen enough evidence over the past several years in the development of generative AI.
17:48We can already translate AI to become a general purpose utility to impact every part of our society.
17:57I like to explain to my team and many of my customers, GTP stands for general purpose technology.
18:09AI is a general purpose technology.
18:13It's by no means limited to only the back office or the energy field or nuclear research.
18:21It can absolutely be applied already across every part of our world.
18:27So, in the UAE, as Lucy mentioned earlier, similar to France,
18:32we are very lucky to be also an advanced energy nation.
18:36We have energy. France has incredible amount of relatively inexpensive renewable nuclear energy.
18:47UAE also has nuclear energy, but more importantly, about 8% of the global fossil fuel reserve.
18:54We believe the best use of energy today, rather than just selling natural gas and crude barrels,
19:02is to convert energy into intelligence, become a major generator of what I refer to as tokenomics 2.0.
19:12meaning to generate from electricity, through computing power and advanced models,
19:19intelligence tokens that began shipped around the world, and to power economic development around the world.
19:28Recently, we announced a massive program in Abu Dhabi, the 5 gigawatt AI campus in collaboration with US government.
19:39To give you a sense of scale here, if you add up every single word we say,
19:45every message you send, some of you are taking photos right now in this audience,
19:50all the human created content on a daily basis right now, if you translate that into number of tokens,
19:56it's about 300, roughly 300 trillion tokens per day of human output.
20:05That's about 8 billion people on this planet per day.
20:09This company called OpenAI recently disclosed they are already generating 30 trillion tokens per day of output.
20:2130 trillion, one tenth of the total humanity's daily organic intelligence output.
20:29This is only in the beginning, only in the beginning.
20:32So when we say being AI native as a country, what we mean is that we want this intelligence utility,
20:39these tokens to permeate through our entire society.
20:45For example, how to make our energy sector more efficient.
20:50How to address very challenging public health issues in the healthcare sector.
20:56How to make the investment portfolio of DOE far more efficient and rewarding.
21:03sector by sector to deploy the usage of AI.
21:08So we're doing that today already in the UAE and we are absolutely partnering with friends like France,
21:15Mistral, Microsoft and others, Jensen, NVIDIA of course, around the world to do the similar.
21:24It's fascinating and it's very interesting because when you go back to the very first session of VivaTech,
21:35which was in 2016, we had already some very serious discussion about the AI.
21:43And things have developed hugely since that moment and they are spreading.
21:48Today, when we look at AI, there is, in fact, using the image of Janus, this goddess, Roman goddess with
22:02two faces.
22:03And there is a good face of AI, which is being helpful, supporting and creating and being an assistant to
22:16the people.
22:17And there is the other face, which is the fear, the anxiety and the fact that some jobs will be
22:26destroyed and people are fearing,
22:30but will they be useful or not?
22:33As you are part of the government and necessarily a part of the policy makers,
22:46how do you address the issue of fears of the people and the fact that they can't believe that this
22:55threat more than an opportunity?
23:00There is a fear I like about this topic, which is when you ask French citizens if they are scared
23:08about AI, 53% of them say yes.
23:11But then, if they use Le Chat by Mistral, ChatGPT, then it drops to only 20%.
23:21So what does this show?
23:24It shows that once people use AI, once they realize the opportunity they can get from it, how they can
23:32get assisted, then this fear drops a lot.
23:36So we believe at government and administrative level that we need to really educate people to make sure that they
23:47understand AI, that they get to use it.
23:51So it's not only about tools, but it's also to make it accessible.
23:57So that's why since 2019, there has been these initiatives called Café IA, so AI coffee, that are happening across
24:08France.
24:10It's public initiatives, anyone can do it, it's with a tool kit, and then it's usually 20 groups of 20
24:18people gathering to talk about AI, how do you use it.
24:21And then it's really citizens talking to each other, so that basically they realize the power of it.
24:28Already 5,000 citizens have been formed, but the idea is by 2027 to have 2 million people taking part
24:38in this to really make sure that AI is not a fear, but an opportunity for them.
24:44So we believe that by training people, it will help a lot.
24:49And it's not only about training citizens, but it's also training professionals, so that they integrate it in their daily
24:56lives at the office.
24:59Can I say a couple of things on the same topic, if you don't mind, Maurice?
25:02Thank you, Lucy.
25:03I want to echo what you said and provide some additional context.
25:08We love to talk about this very human-centric view of the world we live in today.
25:17But we are not very often honest with ourselves.
25:21How much of what we have today is really good, is really productive?
25:27I think we need to have a critical self-reexamination.
25:32For example, I'm traveling right now, unfortunately due to my injury, with my good friend, Dr. Eric from Munich.
25:39He's a professional physician doctor.
25:42He loves his job.
25:45He loves to help people.
25:47But if you ask him, does he love every part of his job every day?
25:51He'll tell you probably more than half of his time is spending on filling forms in a hospital.
25:56Rather than helping a patient.
25:58Now, if AI can come tomorrow and do the things that actually you don't want to wake up in the
26:03morning looking forward to do as part of your job,
26:06and amplify what you actually enjoy doing, isn't that wonderful?
26:10Isn't it wonderful if you can all just work two days a week rather than five days a week?
26:17I was having a conversation recently with our friend Sam Altman.
26:21And he, by the way, published a wonderful blog just a couple of days ago on OpenAI website.
26:27The example he gave is, if you are a farmer from a thousand years ago, your job is bringing food
26:34to the table.
26:36That's really the only thing the entire global economy was about back then.
26:40And you told this farmer, fast forward a thousand years, forward to Paris, where you have DJs, you have professional
26:50gamers.
26:52These are professionals.
26:54People are being paid to do these jobs.
26:56He or she will laugh and say that's a joke.
26:59That's not possible.
27:01I think my point here is that jobs will change.
27:05Fundamentally change.
27:08Not, I think in many ways we need to educate our people.
27:12So there's less fear.
27:14But I believe it should be not just lack of fear, but more excitement.
27:18We'll get to do things we actually enjoy doing as human beings.
27:24Get rid of so many things we don't want to do in the first place anyways.
27:28I think there will be an explosion of abundance.
27:31However, of course, it begs the very important question that the government now need to play a very key role,
27:37in my opinion, in two areas.
27:40Number one in policy setting, to manage, to mitigate, to suppress the ugly face of AI.
27:47Because just as AI can help us find a cure to cancer, it can also, of course, invent biological weapons.
27:56Governments need to come together to build a proper framework around this.
28:00And second, as we discussed at the beginning of this conversation, governments have to come together, build a global infrastructure
28:06to properly manage, implement and distribute intelligence equitably to all.
28:15I have read a lot of the things that you have already said.
28:20And it is right in that comment that you are making, which is a kind of humanistic approach to AI,
28:31which bring me to two comments and questions.
28:37One, is it possible to have two objectives?
28:44One, which is focusing on building AI, and at the same time, making sure that it is serving the interest
28:54of humanity.
28:56When you look at OpenAI or all the other companies, they are focusing on what AI has to do, period.
29:05And the consequences they will deal after.
29:08The second is a concept that you have used, which is that in order to be able to live in
29:21this new world,
29:22people have to unlearn, relearn, and finally change the way they are learning everything.
29:34In fact, how they are wired and to be rewired.
29:39Can you elaborate a little bit?
29:42I think that's the fundamental difference you're describing here, if I understand your question correctly,
29:48between biological intelligence and augmented or artificial or accelerated intelligence, AI.
30:00Humans have many flaws, but I think in the age of AI, we'll begin to learn to celebrate our flaws.
30:07We suppress many of the things as being bad because we're trying to compete against a computer to type as
30:16fast as a word processor, for example.
30:19And as I said earlier, doctors had to risk to fill out the paper forms.
30:25But I think in the future, machines can do many of the things much better than we can.
30:31For example, programming.
30:33It's unnatural.
30:34It's unnatural for the human brain to learn the language of a computer than to command a computer to work
30:42back benefiting us.
30:44It's unnatural.
30:46Machines can learn that language and do it far better than us.
30:49Why compete?
30:50Why stress out about this?
30:52Let's actually celebrate the things we want to do in the first place.
30:57For example, being human sometimes means we'll forget things.
31:01We'll forget things.
31:02Today, if you go to a meeting, you forgot something.
31:04Oh my God, you'll be so embarrassed.
31:06You're stressed out.
31:07God forbid you forgot something that President Macron wants you to do.
31:11But if you have plenty of AI agents who can help you to remember everything, you can be more relaxed.
31:17Spend more time with your family.
31:19Why not?
31:20I think it's time to celebrate humanity, including our flaws as biologically intelligent beings.
31:27And that machines do the things we don't want to do in the first place anyways.
31:34Yes, you can.
31:40Jensen yesterday said each nation should build their own AI in their nation and keep the data in their nation
31:52because it is about their culture, their history, it is about their future.
31:58So there is a sense of sovereignty when you listen to that.
32:03And at the same time, it's very difficult to compete against two gigantic superpowers that are China and the US.
32:15Or the other way around.
32:17But the US and China because the US is a little bit ahead.
32:21So I believe that the only way to really be sovereign and at the same time to be able to
32:37build something is to collaborate and to partner.
32:41And that nations like the Emirates or Europe, France inside Europe have to come to partnerships.
32:54What is your views on that?
32:56I fully agree with that.
32:59First, when we talk about China or US or even France, US governments, let's be very honest.
33:06Many of you, I'm sure, are AI practitioners.
33:09How did the governments really help with the creation of Gen AI?
33:13Not much.
33:15Gen AI is more powerful in new technology breakthrough than nuclear technology.
33:22Yet, it was really kickstarted by a group of really smart entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley.
33:28Including people like Sam, Elon and others.
33:32They didn't need any government assistance.
33:36That's one thing I want to say.
33:38AI didn't start because of governments.
33:41Governments now we can opt to realize they have to embrace AI.
33:44That's number one.
33:46Number two, who really owns AI?
33:48Yes, the techniques are amazing.
33:51Really, really smart.
33:52Transfer model is super elegant.
33:54It's wonderful.
33:55But the most important ingredient training AI today and in the future is data.
34:03Data doesn't belong to an individual or company or nation.
34:07What trains ChatGPT, which speaks fluent French right now, is not the data that Sam personally curated in this small
34:15company called OpenAI.
34:17They grab data from the open internet from everywhere.
34:21Every human being on this planet should be very proud because we are all authors of this amazing AI being.
34:30Because we helped, our output helped to train AI.
34:34This conversation right now, this video, this one is taking the video, will become training material to make AI smarter
34:40in the future.
34:40So I think AI, by its very definition, represents the collective intelligence of humanity.
34:48And it absolutely should be shared by the humanity.
34:52Cannot be monopolized.
34:54Cannot be monopolized.
34:55Can I say one more thing, if you allow me?
34:57I think for governments to pay attention to, I see two really mega trends right now.
35:03By the way, I think the new US administration under President Trump, very smart to have David Sachs looking after
35:10both the AI policy as the AI czar and the crypto czar.
35:16The world is moving increasingly towards decentralization.
35:21Crypto is not an example.
35:22We can spend hours talking about this other subject of crypto.
35:25When I say tokenization, token economics 2.0, tokenomics 1.0 is in crypto industry.
35:34Where the concept of central bank almost goes away.
35:38You think the concept of a central intelligence agency will be the future?
35:42I don't think so.
35:43I think intelligence is becoming also decentralized.
35:45I think governments need to begin to understand more and more.
35:50It's less about control.
35:53It's less about supervision.
35:55It's more and more about coordination and facilitation in the age of decentralized finance and decentralized intelligence.
36:04What is your reaction to…?
36:06I fully agree.
36:08I think we really need to partner.
36:10And this is really the way we are going forward with the French government collaborating with you, with other partners
36:18to build facilities in France and in Europe.
36:22And I would like also to come back to what you said earlier on the sovereignty.
36:26I think for us the right scale is Europe.
36:30We must come together as Europeans.
36:33We must work very closely with the German government, with the German companies, enterprise to really come together so that
36:43the EU really becomes a strong AI powerhouse because this is the only way forward to us.
36:50So, we have a promising future with a lot of opportunities, a few threats, and there will be the wise
37:03people who will take care of the threats, and there will be the one who will not care about.
37:11And at the end of the day, we will have to face a very difficult society because we may face
37:19some very important divides.
37:21I hope that the wise men will win, and the wise countries will win.
37:28Thank you.
37:28And the wise women as well.
37:30Absolutely.
37:31It's mankind.
37:32Mankind.
37:33When I say men, it's mankind.
37:35It's a generic.
37:37Très bien.
37:38Thank you.
37:39Thank you so much.
37:40Thank you.
37:42Thank you.
37:43Thank you.
37:43And make sure with the people that it's not me who have broken your arm.
37:48It's all Jensen's fault.
37:49It's all his fault.
37:50Ok, thank you.
37:51Thank you.
37:51Thank you.
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