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On 21 December 1992, Martinair Flight 495 crashes off the right side of the runway while attempting to land at Faro Airport in Faro, Portugal, in severe weather conditions, killing 56 of the 340 people on board. The accident was caused by microburst-induced wind shear in combination with pilot error.
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00:00Martin Air Flight 495 is minutes from landing at Faro, Portugal.
00:10The left engine was making a rattling sound.
00:14All of a sudden, we heard an enormous bang.
00:21It was total destruction.
00:2556 people are dead.
00:27Wow, look at this.
00:31Investigators quickly find some intriguing evidence at the crash site.
00:35There was a two-inch-deep cut down the left side of the runway.
00:41This is very strange.
00:43The landing gear is completely severed.
00:46If the aircraft were overweight, it could exceed the design limit, causing it to break and shear.
00:52These guys were 71,000 pounds underweight.
00:57It wasn't too heavy.
00:59So what went wrong?
01:00Uh...
01:02uh...
01:03Uh...
01:05Uh...
01:07Uh...
01:09Uh...
01:10Martin Air Flight 495 is nearing Portugal's southern coast.
01:15Martin Air flight 495 is nearing Portugal's southern coast
01:27Approach Martin Air 495, good morning
01:33The captain is 56-year-old H.W. Van Staveren
01:3775 DME and out of 240 for level 70
01:42A highly experienced pilot and flight instructor
01:46He's been with Martin Air for 24 years
01:49Descending to level 70
01:51The first officer is 31-year-old R.J. Klemenkouf
01:55He's been flying with the Dutch company for three years
01:59The youngest member of the team is 29-year-old flight engineer Gary Glanz
02:06It was our last flight before the Christmas holidays
02:11Everyone was in a good mood
02:13My job as a flight engineer
02:16I'm responsible for the aircraft in general
02:18To make sure that everything is operating properly
02:20And overall trying to be a third set of eyes for the flying pilots
02:25The crew is flying a DC-10
02:29A three-engine wide-body jet
02:31In the 90s, the DC-10 was one of the type of aircraft most used for operators worldwide
02:38They're now less than half an hour from landing
02:42There are 13 crew members and 327 passengers on board
02:48Most are residents of the Netherlands
02:52Flight 495 is near the end of a two-and-a-half-hour trip from Amsterdam to Portugal's Faro Airport
03:13A glitter word for apple sources
03:18Orchards
03:22I was traveling with Yvonne, then my girlfriend, now my wife
03:27I was lucky we could sit at the front row
03:31So I had a lot of leg space to move around
03:33As they descend towards Faro Airport
03:45The pilots expect to encounter some bad weather
03:48We knew that we were going to encounter rain showers
03:52Thunderstorms are something that you have to be incredibly aware of
03:57And ensure that they don't affect your flight path
04:00We do everything to avoid them
04:03Because they can produce unexpected wind changes
04:06Microbursts, wind shears
04:08When a thunderstorm moves over an active runway
04:12The potential for wind shear can make it too dangerous for an aircraft to land
04:16It wasn't something that we felt was going to be a major issue
04:20It was just something to monitor
04:22If the weather worsens, they can divert north to Lisbon
04:30But right now it isn't necessary
04:32Martin Air 461, runway visual
04:36Just minutes ahead, another Martin Air flight is landing at Faro
04:41Clear to land, runway 11
04:45The weather report indicates the closest thunderstorm
04:51Is approximately 7 miles to the west of the runway
04:54Knowing other airplanes were flying that same approach
04:58And nobody had reported any significant issues
05:01Made us feel we were safe to continue onwards
05:04495 is turning inbound
05:06Eight miles out, Martin Air 495 starts its final approach to runway 11
05:13The captain chose to be the pilot monitoring
05:18So he could oversee the whole approach
05:20And let the first officer focus on just flying the aircraft
05:24They descend into the rain clouds
05:28Confident the nearest thunderstorm is still miles away
05:32495, report at minimums or runway in sight
05:54Runway surface conditions are flooded
05:56Roger, 495
05:58With wet runway conditions, the crew configures the plane to make what's called a positive landing
06:05A positive touchdown is when the main wheels penetrate the water layer on the runway
06:10And improve the stopping ability of the aircraft
06:13Gear down
06:14Gear down
06:18With a wet runway, you do want to touchdown at a positive, firm rate
06:24Rather than trying to float down for a softer touchdown
06:27Altimeters
06:29Set three times
06:32Four miles from touchdown, the pilots make their final checks
06:36Spoilers
06:38Arm
06:41Flaps, slats
06:435-0, land
06:47The left engine was making quite a noise
06:55And a rattling sound
06:56Every time it gave full power
06:58The plane was pitching up and pitching down
07:02So that was not reassuring
07:07Martin Air 495
07:10Clear to land runway 11
07:12The wind, 1-5-0, 1-5-0, 1-5-0, maximum 2-0
07:17Clear to land
07:24Flight 495 is less than a minute from touching down
07:28When the weather gets much worse
07:32We shield anti-ice
07:35I can't see anything
07:36I'm on it
07:37Wipers are on fast
07:39It's okay
07:49It's okay
07:50I was squeezing hands
07:53Firmer and firmer with the phone
07:55It was that quiet, the plane
07:59The plane is now just a few seconds from landing
08:10All of a sudden, we heard an enormous bang
08:16I fell out of the chair
08:24And then I saw the kitchen splinter into pieces
08:28I was pretty sure we were going to be crushed
08:35Flight 495 slides more than 350 feet off the runway at Faro Airport
08:45Firefighter and rescue crews race to the site
08:49Incredibly, many of the passengers and the flight crew survived
08:58There were people screaming and crying and running
09:02I didn't see my girlfriend
09:09My first thought was, oh, I won't ever see Yvonne again
09:13Those lucky enough to escape search for loved ones
09:18All of a sudden, I heard my name
09:24Then I saw in the distance, I saw Yvonne standing there
09:29We found each other
09:32The injured are taken to nearby hospitals
09:37Of the 340 people on board
09:4554 passengers and two cabin crew members are dead
09:49Making this one of Portugal's worst aviation disasters in more than a decade
09:56A detailed investigation is now underway into why this plane hit the tarmac and burst into flames
10:04See if we can find the flight recorders
10:16Got it
10:17Investigators from Portugal's General Directorate of Civil Aviation
10:22And from the American NTSB
10:25Arrive to inspect the wreckage of Martin Air Flight 495
10:28A DC-10 is a big aircraft
10:31And there were pieces of it all around
10:34The right wing had dislodged from the rest of the aircraft
10:38The wing structure is the strongest structure on a whole aircraft
10:44So it had to have a major amount of stress to make that wing depart
10:48It's amazing so many survived
10:51The record showed that the aircraft was mostly destroyed by fire
10:5680 to 90% of the people died from the post-impact fire
11:02We were very concerned because if you have something that's suspect
11:08On an aircraft that's being flown all over the world
11:10You want to find it
11:11That's great, nice work
11:13Let's hope we get the data back quickly
11:19Investigators recover the black boxes
11:22Containing the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder
11:26We needed to try to understand what happened in the final moments of the flight
11:30In terms of speeds, in terms of decisions
11:33And also what happened just before a touchdown
11:42Wow, look at this
11:43A quarter of a mile from the runway threshold
11:46Investigators discover the aircraft's initial point of impact
11:50There was a two-inch deep cut
11:53Down the left side of the runway
11:56So it hit here
11:57And then veered off to the right
11:59It's deep
12:00It must have come down hard
12:02The scratches we saw on the runway
12:07Revealed to us
12:08That plane had landed very hard
12:10So that's why the marks were deep
12:12Maybe one of the engines failed
12:14Why did the plane land so hard?
12:18Was it a problem with the landing gear?
12:20Was it a problem with speeds?
12:22Or was it a problem with the engines?
12:23So we need to investigate that
12:25Is that all of them?
12:28Let's see what we've got
12:30You always look at the engines
12:33And there was substantial damage
12:36We had to determine
12:39Was there some kind of malfunction
12:41In the engine?
12:45Investigators examine a key component
12:47From the engine's oil block
12:49Called a magnetic chip detector
12:51A magnetic chip detector
12:54Is a small cylinder-shaped device
12:56Located inside the engine's oil filter
12:58When an engine part wears
13:01Pieces or chips of broken metal
13:03Adhere to a magnet
13:05As they pass through the oil filter
13:06It's known as making metal
13:09Why is there more metal
13:11On this detector than expected?
13:14What part of the engine is wearing?
13:17The alloys are slightly different
13:19They wear at different rates
13:20So they can tell by laboratory analysis
13:23What part of the engine is wearing
13:26And how rapidly
13:27It's look clean
13:29No chips
13:30There's no evidence of metallic debris
13:34Inside the oil system
13:36The engines look fine
13:40From the tests conducted on the engines
13:43It was concluded that the engines
13:45Did not contribute to the accident
13:47At this point in the investigation
13:50We really didn't have a good idea
13:52Of what to look for next
13:53We just had to keep going
14:00Oh, this is very strange
14:06They soon realize
14:08That part of the right landing gear
14:10Is broken
14:11The fact that part of the
14:14Right landing gear fractured
14:16Is very unusual
14:17It's almost impossible
14:19To make it fail
14:19The forces necessary
14:22To shear the landing gear like that
14:23Is massive
14:24Landing gear is designed
14:28And tested
14:28To be able to withstand
14:30The shock of a 200 ton landing
14:32It should never fracture
14:34We had to confirm
14:38Whether there was something wrong
14:39With that gear
14:40In the metal used
14:42Or maybe the maintenance on it
14:43Anything that could cause
14:45The gear to fail in any way
14:47And if it was a design problem
14:50That's a big deal
14:51The landing gear failing on impact
14:53Would explain this tragic accident
14:55Did we get this piece
14:57Of landing gear in yet?
14:58Not yet
15:03What a Russian
15:05The landing gear collapsed
15:11That was perhaps
15:13The most important question
15:14That we had to deal with
15:15While investigators wait for the right
15:23Landing gear of Flight 495
15:25They consider what could have
15:27Caused it to fracture
15:28Maybe the plane was too heavy
15:31If the aircraft were overweight
15:34And made a very firm touchdown
15:37Then the loads imparted
15:39Could exceed the design limit
15:40Causing it
15:41To break and shear
15:42Let's check the load manifest
15:47The plane and the cargo
15:55Were roughly 280,000 pounds
15:57There was 340 people on board
16:01Let's call it 53,000 pounds
16:03And fuel?
16:06Fuel?
16:07Fuel was
16:0820,000 pounds
16:10So total weight on landing
16:17Was 353,000 pounds
16:19Give or take
16:20Max weight is
16:23That was 424,000 pounds
16:26424,000 pounds
16:28So these guys were 71,000 pounds underweight
16:37It wasn't too heavy
16:39The weight of the plane
16:42Is not what caused
16:43The landing gear
16:44To fail on touchdown
16:45What about weight distribution?
16:50You have to have
16:51The baggage
16:53And the weight
16:54Distributed properly
16:56So the aircraft
16:57Will fly the way
16:58The pilots want it to
16:59By the book
17:02It was properly loaded
17:05Properly stored
17:07Properly locked down
17:08So it wasn't really an issue
17:09With weight and balance ruled out
17:15Investigators are finally able
17:17To test the right landing gear itself
17:19Service records are up to date
17:22Let's see if the steel
17:25Wasn't strong enough
17:26Another thing they were looking for
17:30Is any pre-existent weaknesses
17:33On the steel
17:33If this occurred
17:36In the manufacturing process
17:38It could affect the aircraft
17:40In operations all around the world
17:41They perform something called
17:44A Vickers hardness test
17:46The Vickers hardness test
17:47Is an industry standard test
17:49To evaluate the strength
17:52Of a particular component
17:54Or piece of metal
17:55A pyramid shaped diamond
17:57Is pressed into the steel
17:58Leaving an indent or dimple
18:01You can measure the depth
18:03And the diameter
18:04Of the dimple
18:05And derive the metallurgical strength
18:08Of what you're testing
18:09Hardness value is 658
18:11So the steel was strong enough
18:14Investigators find no weakness
18:18In the metal used
18:19To make the plane's landing gear
18:20It was determined
18:22There was nothing wrong
18:23With the landing gear
18:24Whatever went wrong
18:27It happened before
18:29The aircraft touched the runway
18:30There are still no clues
18:33That can help explain
18:34Why the landing gear fractured
18:36The next step in the investigation
18:38Was to look at
18:40How the crew was operating
18:41During the last phase
18:43Of the landing
18:44This is interesting
18:55Official statements
18:57Made by the pilots
18:58May shed some light
18:59On the final moments
19:00Of Martin Air Flight 495
19:02After the accident
19:04The investigators came
19:05To all three of us
19:07We had closed sessions
19:09The captain said
19:13The flight was normal
19:14The approach was normal
19:16At 200 feet
19:17We were on the center line
19:19So they should have been okay
19:21But a few seconds later
19:24The captain sees lightning
19:25I suddenly felt
19:27A high sink rate
19:27It all happened so fast
19:29The aircraft actually
19:30Fell out of the sky
19:32According to the captain
19:34He saw lightning
19:36Just seconds
19:37Before the aircraft
19:38Began to lose altitude
19:39Rapidly
19:40The airplane felt like
19:45God took his hands
19:46Rammed it into the ground
19:48Well get this
19:50The first officer stated
19:52The weather was bad
19:53And it was raining heavily
19:54It was gusty
19:55And very turbulent
19:56Investigators wonder
19:59If sudden wind changes
20:00Could have contributed
20:01To the crash
20:02To the crash of Flight 495
20:03The flight crew
20:05Indicated to the investigators
20:07That they were in an area
20:09With a lot of wind shear
20:11A very dynamic weather condition
20:14They were in turbulence
20:15Things were changing
20:16Very rapidly
20:17Did the pilot encounter wind shear
20:21On final approach
20:22The team interviews
20:25The air traffic controller
20:26To better understand
20:28The conditions
20:29The pilots were experiencing
20:30Can you tell me
20:32What happened
20:32With Flight 495
20:33Everything seemed
20:35Perfectly normal
20:36They were on their
20:38Final approach
20:38And confirmed
20:40They had the runway
20:40In sight
20:41Then I cleared them
20:43To land
20:43Martin Air 495
20:47Clear to land
20:48Runway 11
20:49The wind
20:50150
20:5115 knots
20:53Maximum
20:5320
20:54The controls
20:55Were quite confident
20:56That they performed
20:57Well the tasks
20:58So they didn't find
21:00That they did anything wrong
21:01And they gave
21:02The correct information
21:03Did they report
21:05Any issues
21:06With the plane
21:07No
21:09Not at all
21:09What about the weather
21:11There was rain
21:15But other planes
21:17Were taking off
21:18And landing
21:19Without difficulty
21:20Just minutes
21:26Before the crash
21:27The controller
21:27Was in contact
21:28With an aircraft
21:29That took off
21:30And another
21:30That landed
21:31On the same runway
21:32Clear to land
21:34Runway 11
21:35Neither flight
21:37Reported extreme weather
21:39Over the runway
21:39What about wind shear
21:43Did the runway sensors
21:45Pick up anything
21:46Faro Airport
21:50Is equipped
21:50With two
21:51Animometers
21:52That measure
21:52Both wind speed
21:53And direction
21:54Located on
21:55Runway 29
21:56And runway 11
21:58If the animometers
22:00Detect a sudden
22:00Change in wind speed
22:01Of 15 knots
22:02Or greater
22:03A wind shear warning
22:05Is automatically
22:05Triggered
22:06Yes there were
22:15Wind shear warnings
22:16But they happened
22:18After the aircraft
22:19Had already crashed
22:20If flight 495
22:28Was hit by an extreme
22:30Gust of wind
22:30Before it crashed
22:31To the runway
22:32The system
22:33Would have detected it
22:34It didn't
22:36There was a
22:38Conflicting information
22:39Between what the crew
22:40Said
22:41And what the air
22:42Traffic controller
22:43Reports
22:43The crew's statements
22:45Don't match
22:46The controller's
22:47Account of the weather
22:48Thank you
22:50The best thing
22:55To substantiate
22:56What went on
22:57Was to take
22:58A really deep
22:59Look at what
22:59The pilots
23:00Were saying
23:01To each other
23:01In the cockpit
23:02Let's start
23:07With their approach
23:07Brief
23:08A week after
23:10The crash
23:11Of flight 495
23:12Data from the
23:13Cockpit voice recorder
23:14Is ready to be reviewed
23:15Why the approach
23:18With 50 flaps
23:18You call approaching
23:20Minimums and field
23:21In sight
23:21You look outside
23:23Wet runway
23:25Here are the wipers
23:27Roger
23:28As the crew
23:30Prepares for the approach
23:32They become aware
23:33Of weather conditions
23:34At Faro airport
23:35You have to make
23:37A positive landing
23:38Yes
23:39Okay
23:42So
23:43Obviously they're worried
23:45About the runway conditions
23:46In a positive landing
23:51The aircraft
23:51Touches down
23:52Firmly enough
23:53To penetrate the water
23:54Allowing the wheels
23:55To grip the tarmac
23:56And slow the airplane
23:58They want to put it down
24:01Hard to avoid
24:02Hydroplaning
24:02And running out of runway
24:03So what went wrong?
24:06Did the pilots
24:07Somehow botch their plan
24:08As they approach
24:09The runway?
24:15500
24:15Cleared
24:17Speed a bit low
24:19Speed is low
24:21Low
24:24Okay
24:25Now speed is an issue
24:28Going on to a wet runway
24:31The airspeed control
24:33Is very, very important
24:34So that you don't have
24:35Too much
24:36And the airplane floats
24:37But that you don't have
24:38Too little
24:39And you end up
24:40Impacting the runway
24:41Quite hard
24:41All right
24:42Let's hear more
24:43Speed is okay
24:45We shield anti-ice
24:47I can't see anything
24:48I'm on it
24:49Wipers are on fast
24:51As the plane
24:52Gets closer to the ground
24:54The crew contends
24:55With stormy conditions
24:56A bit low
24:59Low
25:01Yes
25:02Throttle
25:06Why does the captain
25:16Yell throttles
25:17For the captain
25:20To say this
25:21At this moment
25:22It raises the question
25:23Did they have an issue
25:25In the final phase
25:26Of landing
25:27All right
25:28Let's look at
25:29The descent profile
25:29If flight 495
25:32Flew in on the right
25:33Trajectory
25:33The FDR
25:34Will confirm it
25:35Here you go
25:36The flight data recorder
25:39Gives objective
25:40Clear data
25:41On what the airplane
25:42Was actually doing
25:44Was the airplane
25:45Being flown
25:46At the proper speed
25:47The changes
25:49In the airspeed
25:50Were they indicative
25:51Of a severe weather condition
25:53And how were the pilots
25:55Responding to those changes
25:57Autopilot is on
26:00Okay
26:01So they're descending
26:02At the standard angle
26:03And they dip here
26:06And recover
26:08Looks fine
26:10At 200 feet
26:14Which is about
26:1520 seconds
26:15From landing
26:16They were on
26:17A normal glide path
26:18Something happened
26:21Between that
26:23And touchdown
26:25Let's look at
26:27The airspeed data
26:27So
26:31Looks like
26:32They're flying steady
26:33At 145 knots
26:35Until here
26:36And airspeed jumps
26:38And then drops
26:40All the way
26:40To 139 knots
26:42Investigators
26:45Spot evidence
26:46Of airspeed fluctuations
26:47During the last minute
26:48Of the flight
26:49These fluctuations
26:51In airspeed
26:52Can be caused
26:54By wind gusts
26:55As they get closer
26:56To landing
26:57Speed is a bit low
27:05Speed is low
27:08Speed is okay
27:16Was the captain
27:18Concerned
27:19Their speed
27:19Wasn't fast enough
27:20To compensate
27:21For the strong headwind
27:22These fluctuations
27:27Seem too extreme
27:28To be caused
27:29By the 20 knot winds
27:30Reported by the controller
27:31We need a full analysis
27:33Of the weather conditions
27:34On final approach
27:35Investigators ask
27:40The Netherlands
27:41Aerospace Laboratory
27:42To perform
27:43An in-depth weather study
27:44To determine
27:45If the winds
27:46Were stronger
27:46Than what was reported
27:47To flight 495
27:48What about
27:50Autothrottle data?
27:52Let's take a look
27:53Hmm
27:58Yeah
27:59The fluctuations
28:00In autothrottles
28:02Correspond
28:04To the
28:05Airspeed fluctuations
28:06If there is an increase
28:11In airspeed
28:12The autothrottle system
28:14Will decrease
28:15The power
28:15That is being commanded
28:17The amount of thrust
28:18That the engines
28:18Are producing
28:19If the airspeed
28:22Falls low
28:23The autothrottle system
28:24Will command
28:25Increased thrust
28:26To bring the airplane
28:28Up to the commanded
28:29Airspeed
28:30The autothrottles
28:33Were indeed adjusting
28:34For the dramatic changes
28:35In airspeed
28:36Wow
28:37Look at that
28:38102% power
28:40Investigators discover
28:42A very high surge
28:43In engine power
28:44Three quarters of a mile
28:45From the runway threshold
28:47The 102% command
28:49By the autothrottle system
28:50Is a massive amount
28:52Of power
28:52It would be similar
28:53To the amount
28:54Of power
28:54That you would use
28:55For takeoff
28:56Too much power
28:57To try to land with
28:58And then here
29:00Power drops to 40%
29:03The team discovers
29:05That the power
29:06Dropped to a minimum
29:07Or engine idle
29:08Shortly thereafter
29:09That's way too fast
29:12For the autothrottle system
29:13To perform on its own
29:14For the engines
29:19To decelerate
29:20As quickly as they did
29:21Means that
29:22The levers were moved
29:23Faster than the autothrottle
29:25Clutches can physically move them
29:27The only way the throttles
29:29Would move that quick
29:30Would be if the pilot
29:32Was manually
29:33Adjusting them down
29:34To 40%
29:35The autothrottle system
29:38Could make large corrections
29:40And you have to make
29:41Manual adjustments
29:41If the throttles
29:42Aren't keeping up
29:43The first officer
29:51Who was a flying pilot
29:52Made the decision
29:53To override the autothrottle system
29:55And to pull the power
29:57Way back
29:57And in fact
30:01He pulled it all the way
30:02Back to flight idle
30:03With so little power
30:05They would have dropped
30:06Like a rock
30:07According to the data
30:09They were dropping
30:10A thousand feet per minute
30:12One thousand feet
30:14Is well beyond
30:15The operational limit
30:16Of 600 feet per minute
30:18For the DC-10
30:19As a consequence
30:21Of the reduced power
30:22The plane hit the runway
30:23With enough force
30:24To crack the landing gear
30:26I've never experienced
30:30A landing as hard as that
30:32I crushed my teeth
30:34And my mouth
30:35It was hard beyond compare
30:38Investigators are left
30:40With a key question
30:42Why would the crew
30:44Reduce power by so much
30:46So far from the runway
30:48Threshold
30:48This is the Dutch weather report
31:00Investigators turned to a weather analysis
31:03Prepared by the Netherlands
31:05Aerospace Laboratory
31:06To determine if the weather
31:08Affected the crew's actions
31:09During their final approach
31:11Looks like the weather
31:12Was worse than we thought
31:13Really?
31:15They hit no less than
31:17Three separate microbursts
31:19In the last minute of flight
31:20Wow
31:21Okay
31:22A microburst is a column of air
31:26That descends from rain clouds
31:28Hits the ground
31:29And fans out horizontally
31:31It leads to significant fluctuations
31:34In a plane's airspeed
31:35When exactly?
31:44The first one was at 700 feet
31:47The second was between 600 and 300 feet
31:53And the last one was between 200 and 110 feet
32:01Now this last one was the worst
32:09The wind speed jumped from the reported 20 knots
32:13To 40 knots
32:15Wow
32:16That would have triggered a wind shear alert
32:18If one was installed on the plane
32:20Then the wind shifts from a headwind
32:23To a tailwind
32:24A sudden shift from headwind to tailwind
32:31Is the worst type of wind shear
32:32Because a headwind improves your angle of attack
32:36To ensure that the aircraft has good lift
32:38When the wind switches around to a tailwind
32:42You lose that aerodynamic performance
32:45If you don't have the thrust to compensate for it right away
32:49The aircraft will drop
32:51Let's compare this
32:54To the autothrottle data
32:56They line up
33:06For every microburst
33:10There's a corresponding increase in engine power
33:13As the autothrottles try to maintain the plane's speed
33:16The autothrottle was going up and down
33:19He was struggling very hard
33:21To fight against those heavy downbursts
33:24The downburst causes a decrease in stability
33:28Which means turbulence-induced roll and pitch oscillations
33:34Would have been a bumpy ride
33:38Yeah
33:39As they passed through each microburst
33:43The autothrottles were adjusting to the shifts in wind gusts
33:47In the final moments
34:01The approach was under extreme weather conditions
34:03There were a lot of oscillations in speed
34:07And that created a lot of stress
34:09For the pilot flying at that time
34:11The first officer likely would have been overwhelmed
34:16By the unexpected change in the weather
34:18And knowing that he needed to make a positive landing
34:25At the runway threshold
34:26He sees the power spike to 102%
34:29And takes corrective action
34:32In order to get the plane on the ground
34:34The first officer overrides the autothrottle
34:37And reduces the power to idle
34:39Investigators now see just how unfortunate his timing was
34:45He cut the power at the exact same time
34:49That last downburst hit them
34:51Droddles!
34:58The captain tries to stop the plane's uncontrolled descent
35:02But he's too late
35:05The captain should have stepped in sooner
35:15He should have recognized something was not right
35:20The captain really should have taken over and landed himself
35:24Investigators suspect the sudden change in weather
35:30Combined with the pilot's decision to cut power too early
35:33Caused the aircraft to land with more force
35:36Than it was built to withstand
35:37But one question remains unanswered
35:41If the winds were gusting
35:44At 40 knots a half mile from the runway
35:48Wouldn't the winds at the runway
35:51Be gusting stronger than the 20 knots
35:53Reported by the controller?
35:55The team returns with their findings
36:07To the air traffic controller
36:08Who oversaw Martin Air Flight 495
36:11You reported that the winds on runway 11
36:15Were gusting up to 20 knots
36:18That's correct
36:20But that doesn't seem right
36:22The Dutch weather study confirmed
36:25That there were three microbursts
36:26In the last minute of flight
36:28With gusts much higher than that
36:29Can you show me the actual data
36:35For runway 11?
36:36According to the raw data
36:53The winds were actually gusting at 35 knots
36:57Well, that sounds more like it
37:01But how could you have underreported
37:05The wind conditions?
37:16We receive wind data every 30 seconds
37:19From this device
37:20It must have been switched to runway 29
37:28Instead of runway 11
37:34Investigators discover
37:40That air traffic controllers
37:42At Faro Airport
37:43Had mistakenly selected
37:44The wind reading on runway 29
37:46Instead of runway 11
37:49Airports are large places
37:53So when you have anemometers
37:55On opposite ends of the airport
37:56You would expect that frequently
37:58There would be a difference
37:59In direction and velocity
38:01Of a reported wind
38:02Martin Air 495
38:04Cleared to land runway 11
38:06The wind 150
38:0815 knots
38:09Maximum 20
38:11Cleared to land
38:17The controller's information
38:20That they provided to the crew
38:21Was not representative
38:23Of what was actually occurring
38:24On the runway
38:25Wet runway
38:33Crosswinds
38:35That's a completely different picture
38:37If the pilots were aware
38:39They would have gone around
38:41Investigators have figured out
38:44What brought down flight 495
38:46495
38:54495 is turning inbound
38:55495 copy
38:59Report at minimums
39:00Or runway in sight
39:01Runway surface conditions
39:03Are flooded
39:03Roger
39:05495
39:05Gear down
39:12Gear down
39:15With the runway at Farrow
39:18Underwater
39:19The crew plans a positive touchdown
39:21At the runway threshold
39:22Clear to land runway 11
39:24The wind 150
39:2715 knots
39:28Maximum 20
39:29But they're unaware
39:32Of the severity
39:33Of the weather conditions
39:34I can't see anything
39:35I'm on it
39:36They're hit by a series
39:40Of unexpected microbursts
39:42Causing the engine power
39:45To shoot up automatically
39:46Concerned that the excess power
39:50Is too great
39:51For a positive landing
39:52The first officer reduces
39:55The power to idle
39:56Just as the last microburst occurs
39:58That makes them vulnerable
40:00To strong winds
40:02And the aircraft
40:03Dropped from 150 feet
40:05Flight 495 slams to the ground
40:15At a thousand feet per minute
40:17The danger of being slow
40:26And encountering a downdraft
40:28Is you may not be able
40:30To recover in time
40:32And that can be disastrous
40:34They could have come
40:37With a higher speed
40:38They could have performed
40:40A missed approach
40:41But the truth is
40:43The flight crew
40:43Tried their best
40:44This wasn't an accident
40:47Where we can see
40:48Negligence
40:49Or gross error
40:51In the aftermath
40:54Of their report
40:55Into the crash
40:56Of Martin Air Flight 495
40:58Investigators make
40:59A series of recommendations
41:01This accident was going
41:04To be yet another example
41:06Of inappropriate
41:08Windshear recovery
41:10Being applied
41:11In a timely fashion
41:12So this says
41:14Additional pilot training
41:16This says
41:17Windshear detection systems
41:20On airplanes
41:20This says
41:22A more aggressive approach
41:24To go-arounds
41:24In unstable conditions
41:26Shortly after the crash
41:28Faro Airport
41:30Modernized their wind sensors
41:31And displays
41:32To comply with
41:33International regulations
41:35The critical information
41:38That controllers provide
41:40To pilots
41:41Needs to be accurate
41:42So these are some
41:44Of the lessons
41:44That the industry
41:45Learned and implemented
41:47Following this accident
41:49You know one of the things
41:53I was told
41:53When I was coming to pilot
41:54Is never let your guard down
41:56You can be having
41:57A beautiful
41:58Wonderful flight
42:00And in the blink of an eye
42:01Things can change
42:02It's just ingrained
42:05In my mind
42:06Always be ready
42:07For the unexpected
42:08To be able to train
42:09To be able to do
42:10And go to theação
42:11Christmas
42:12To be capable
42:12Untertitelung des ZDF, 2020