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On 18 May 2011, Sol Líneas Aéreas Flight 5428 stalls and crashes in Río Negro en route from Neuquén to Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina, killing all 22 people on board. The cause of the crash was the pilots' failure to maintain airspeed while flying through severe icing conditions.
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00:00A turboprop plane slams into a desert in central Argentina.
00:07Twenty-two fatal.
00:11The aircraft was completely destroyed, burned, and the debris was dispersed approximately 200 meters.
00:22Investigators are mystified by what they uncover.
00:26Pull back harder!
00:28Stop the playback.
00:30And then they drop like a rock.
00:32But exploring all possible causes...
00:35Take a look. No failures.
00:38...turns up nothing.
00:41There's not a single red flag in his record.
00:43Until a single microscopic filament provides the first clue to solving the case.
00:49What's wrong? I don't know!
00:53Mayday! Mayday!
00:55Mayday!
00:59Oh, fuck!
01:00OK, gentlemen.
01:01So, here's what we're looking at for tonight.
01:14May the 18th, 2011.
01:19Neuquen, Argentina.
01:22Okay, gentlemen, so here's what we're looking at for tonight.
01:27Seoul Airlines flight dispatcher is briefing the pilots on tonight's flight to the port city of Commodoro Rivadavia.
01:36So what have we got? Any problems along the way?
01:39Wind five knots, visibility eight kilometers, light icing.
01:44Nothing unusual.
01:45I've found a standard cruising altitude of 19,000 feet.
01:50Okay. Have a good flight, gentlemen.
01:53You will.
01:54Captain Juan Raffo is flying tonight.
01:57He's a seasoned pilot with almost 7,000 flying hours.
02:03First officer Adriano Bolatti has flown with the airline for six months.
02:08He's monitoring flight instruments and radio communication.
02:11Do you have plans for Commodoro?
02:14I do, so I'm glad Carlos let me take a shift.
02:18Tonight, Bolatti has swapped shifts with another sole pilot, Carlos Piscinato.
02:22I had been scheduled to work on that flight, but the co-pilot had requested to work on that flight instead.
02:32The co-pilot and I got along very well.
02:35He was very well versed in the aircraft system's maintenance and mechanics.
02:39Welcome back. It's been three weeks already.
02:48There is one flight attendant and 19 passengers on tonight's flight.
02:54The typical passengers are people who work in the oil wells.
02:59People who came to know that traveled with us often from New Kent to Commodoro.
03:03Prop RPM.
03:09Hi.
03:10Trim position?
03:12Check.
03:14Anti-ice.
03:15As needed.
03:18Sol flight 5428, you are clear for takeoff.
03:22Roger, Sol flight 5428, clear for takeoff.
03:24V1, rotate.
03:39At 8.05 PM, Sol flight 5428 lifts off from the airport in New Kent.
03:47Pause the break.
03:48The plane will fly directly south from New Kent to Commodoro Rivadavia on the Patagonian coast.
03:59The route that we flew in the south was a regular route.
04:03We usually flew it twice a week.
04:05The landscapes are beautiful.
04:06El paisaje es maravilloso.
04:11Tonight, the pilots are flying a Swedish-made Saab 340 turboprop.
04:16The Saab 340 is a twin-engine turboprop typically used for shorter flights that are connecting
04:23to larger hubs.
04:26It lends itself to flying easily.
04:29It is a wonderful aircraft to fly.
04:33Airspeed.
04:34140 knots.
04:36Check.
04:37Gear up.
04:39Gear up.
04:41Flaps up.
04:43Flaps up.
04:45Gauge autopilot.
04:46The passengers settle in for the 90-minute flight.
04:58Buenos Aires, Sol flight 5428, reporting waypoint Ecopa.
05:01We are climbing through flight level 50 for 190.
05:05ATC Buenos Aires, received.
05:09First officer Bolati relays the aircraft's position to air traffic control.
05:13Hope we don't get in too late.
05:16The guys are waiting for us.
05:18Tonight dinner's on them.
05:21We'll get there for 10.
05:22Don't worry.
05:23As per their flight plan, the Saab 340 will climb to a cruising altitude of 19,000 feet.
05:33When flying propeller aircraft, they do fly lower.
05:37They're not going to get up generally much above 25,000 feet, although occasionally they're
05:41certified for higher than that.
05:43It's like we're picking up some ice.
05:55Oftentimes, particularly in mountainous terrain, turboprops will encounter icing conditions.
06:02It's very common, so it's generally not an issue.
06:04Nothing to worry about.
06:06We're expecting some light icing.
06:07It should be better when we get to 19,000.
06:11When in icing conditions, your first objective is to climb above it.
06:17At 19,000 feet, water droplets freeze solid, which keeps them from clinging to the aircraft.
06:23The challenge of flying turboprop airplanes is to evaluate the weather ahead of time and
06:36really look at the paths of least risk as it pertains to things like icing, turbulence.
06:53Building up some ice on my wing.
06:58With the icing conditions getting worse, the captain changes the plan.
07:03Okay, let's get it down to where it's warmer to melt it off.
07:06Ask to descend to a lower altitude, 14,000.
07:08Roger.
07:10Seoul Flight 5428 requesting descent to flight level 140.
07:14Seoul 5428, you are cleared to 140.
07:16All finished?
07:29It's proving to be an uneventful flight.
07:37Then, in the cockpit...
07:39Feel that?
07:40...the situation suddenly changes.
07:42Propeller's vibrating.
07:44The pilots feel some vibrations.
07:46It could be a sign of ice building up on the propellers.
07:49Put them on max.
07:51Roger.
07:58Oh, hell.
08:07What's wrong?
08:08I don't know.
08:16The turbo prop is suddenly pitching down and backing.
08:23Go back!
08:24Go back!
08:24Go back!
08:25Go back!
08:25I'm trying!
08:26The pilots struggle to get the plane under control.
08:33Come on!
08:34Come on!
08:34Come on!
08:34Come on!
08:37Come on!
08:38Come on!
08:39Come on!
08:39Come on!
08:40Come on!
08:41Come on!
08:41Come on!
08:42But they can't escape the dives.
08:48Come on, come on!
08:50Made it, made it, made it!
08:53Made it, made it, made it!
08:57Now, now, now! Pull up!
08:59Pull up, pull up, pull up, pull up!
09:06Region of Patagonia.
09:12News of the accident hits Carlos Piscinato especially hard.
09:17He knew both the captain and first officer.
09:20It was night time.
09:23I received a call from a crew member.
09:26I realized something was wrong.
09:28To get a call at 3am was not normal.
09:31There was just great sorrow for our colleagues.
09:35We had friends of work friends.
09:39Argentina's Civil Defense Agency sends emergency crews to the crash site.
09:46But because of its remote location,
09:49on a desert plateau in Rio Negro province,
09:52it takes hours for them to arrive.
09:53The accident took place in a very complex area of the Argentinian Patagonia.
10:07The cold weather and the mountainous range made it very difficult for us to have safe land access.
10:14When the crews do arrive, they find that there are no survivors.
10:19Argentinian investigators examined the crash site of Sol Flight 5428.
10:32They need clues that might explain what brought the plane down.
10:3622 fatalities.
10:37My God.
10:41It's always a shock to have an accident of this magnitude.
10:46One has to set their emotions aside.
10:48They'll be professional and serious about the job one has to perform.
10:54Augusto DeSantis is coordinating the technical teams from Argentina's Civil Aviation Accident Investigation Board, or JIAAC.
11:03All right, let's start here, work our way out.
11:08It's DeSantis' job to determine what brought down Sol Flight 5428.
11:14But it will be challenging.
11:16There is little of the turboprop left to examine.
11:19The aircraft was completely destroyed, burned, and the debris was dispersed approximately 200 meters from the first point of impact.
11:33It doesn't look good.
11:34Two key components, the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder are found intact, but they are severely damaged.
11:49Okay, let's ship these out and see what we get.
11:58The first thing we did was send the data recorders and the cockpit recordings to the NTSB in the United States.
12:08Next, investigators look for signs that indicate how the plane hit the ground.
12:12It was very complex.
12:15Every accident, every case is absolutely unique.
12:19Most of the debris is in front of the impact point.
12:23The aircraft's initial impact left a four to five meter crater.
12:29That indicates a very hard initial impact.
12:31Must have crashed at a pretty steep angle.
12:39This pattern showed that the aircraft was out of control when it crashed,
12:44with a great dive barrier, which is what caused the crater.
12:48The debris field was relatively small.
12:54Catalog every piece, no matter how small.
12:57Wreckage is brought to a temporary facility near the accident site.
13:06Because the crash was so catastrophic, many of the pieces are almost unrecognizable.
13:16Identifying each and every one is a painstaking process.
13:19The first priority for investigators is to determine if certain parts of the plane are missing.
13:28A key component like an aileron detaching from the plane mid-flight could have caused the crash.
13:35So it's all here?
13:37Okay then.
13:40Engines.
13:41With no evidence of a break-up before the crash, the investigators focus on the engines.
13:53We initially try to evaluate the engine damage to determine if they were providing power to the aircraft at the moment of impact.
14:03The remains of the turboprop's two engines are sent for analysis.
14:10Technicians examine their turbines looking for the type of damage that would indicate they were not working when the crash occurred.
14:17Both engines presented a similar damage pattern.
14:22The visible damages, the torsion damage, led us to think that both engines were powering aircraft at the moment of impact.
14:33Investigators rule out engine failure.
14:36But did some other key component break down in flight?
14:39Okay, thanks.
14:41JIAAC investigator Horatio La Rosa joins the investigation.
14:49Okay.
14:51Let's dig into maintenance.
14:53Since the plane hit the ground nose first, the team wonders if a propeller malfunction could have brought the plane down.
15:01They dig into the maintenance records.
15:03As an aeronautical engineer and manager of the technical research, the main role was to review the technical documentation.
15:17It says the prop maintenance was incomplete.
15:20Investigators have discovered an airworthiness directive that wasn't carried out.
15:26The order required the base of the propeller blades to be inspected for cracks.
15:30Hey, I got something.
15:34They missed an inspection.
15:39Could a missed crack at the base of the propeller be the culprit?
15:46Investigators inspect what's left of the propellers to see if they were working at the time of impact.
15:53Crop blades are pretty charred.
15:54Some markings here.
15:56It's tough to say for sure if they were spinning at impact.
16:00Let's see where the propellers ended up.
16:03Based on the position the components were found, pinned on their condition, we could check if they had been working or not at the moment of impact.
16:08If an engine's propeller blades are working at impact, they are projected away from the crash site. If they aren't working, they stay near.
16:26Left engine prop is here.
16:32Investigators discover that the broken propellers were some distance from the rest of the wreckage.
16:36The propeller blades are some of the furthest pieces from the point of impact.
16:43They were spinning.
16:45The great distance in which the fragments landed gives the impression that the propellers were functioning at impact.
17:04Back to square one.
17:06Investigators are no closer to explaining why Seoul Flight 5428 plummeted violently to the ground.
17:13Killing everyone on board.
17:19Investigators now turned their attention to the weather conditions on the night Seoul 5428 crashed.
17:30This is the flight path from Neuken to Komodoro.
17:36Look what's waiting for them here.
17:38They flew right into this cold front.
17:41The information showed that there was severe ice in.
17:48Ice on a plane can lead to disaster.
17:52In 1997, Kom Air Flight 3272 was on approach to Detroit Metropolitan Airport in near freezing weather.
18:00When the Embraer Turbocrop stormed and crashed.
18:11All 29 people on board were killed.
18:14After months of investigation, the cause was finally revealed.
18:18A thin layer of ice had formed on the plane's wings causing it to lose lift.
18:29Did the pilots know what they were in for?
18:35Investigators wonder if the pilots were aware of the icing conditions and took proper steps to protect the plane.
18:45It's something only one person can answer.
18:53You were the flight's dispatcher that night.
18:55The airline's flight dispatcher provided the crew with crucial information.
18:59A dispatcher tells you about the passengers you'll have on board.
19:06The amount of fuel you'll need to go from one destination to another.
19:10And they provide you with weather conditions for the entire route.
19:13You didn't know there was severe icy weather?
19:21I told the pilots to expect only light icing.
19:25So what have we got? Any problems along the way?
19:28Wind five knots, visibility eight kilometers, light icing, nothing unusual.
19:34Can I take a look at the meteorological reports you gave them?
19:37There you go. Thank you.
19:51Investigators discover the reports the flight dispatcher provided did not indicate the potential for severe icing.
19:59The report you gave them suggested icing would be mild.
20:02But it was actually severe.
20:09They had been dispatched with information that did not indicate this weather condition.
20:17And were told that if there was a possibility of encountering icing, it would not be severe.
20:22The information and the meteorological reports showed a possible icing situation,
20:27but not as critical as they found it to be.
20:30Where did you get your report?
20:34Investigators need to find out why the dispatcher didn't have the right information.
20:43The team learns that because the airport's meteorological office closed at 4pm,
20:49the weather report the dispatcher provided was more than five hours old and no longer accurate.
20:55The departure airport did not have a 24 hour meteorological service,
20:59so they departed with a weather forecast that did not anticipate severe icing.
21:01It's like we're picking up some ice.
21:02Nothing to worry about, we were expecting some light icing.
21:06I believe the crew was surprised by the severe icing conditions.
21:07They were not expecting to find such conditions.
21:08during their flight.
21:09They were not expecting to find such conditions during their flight.
21:10They were expecting to find the weather.
21:11I believe the crew was surprised by the severe icing conditions.
21:20Looks like we're picking up some ice.
21:23Nothing to worry about. We were expecting some light ice.
21:27I believe the crew was surprised by the severe ice conditions.
21:33They were not expecting to find such conditions during their flight.
21:41But establishing that the pilots encountered more severe weather than they expected
21:46is not enough to prove that ice brought down their plane.
21:51In icing conditions, pilots use the plane's anti-ice protection.
21:57On the Saab 340A, that consists mostly of pneumatic boots made of rubber.
22:03The boots inflate and break up the ice on the wing's leading edge.
22:11To determine if the anti-icing system was activated on the night of the crash,
22:15investigators examine a key component recovered from the wreckage,
22:19the Saab's central warning panel.
22:22It's a panel located at the center of the cockpit that both pilots can see.
22:28It's composed of a series of light indicators that warn if there's an abnormality
22:33in any of the plane's systems.
22:40Investigators analyze tiny filaments attached to each of the indicators.
22:44When they are lit, electricity is sent through the filaments.
22:49If they were on during impact, the hot filaments would stretch, not break.
22:59The team discovers a filament is stretched.
23:01Ice protection was on.
23:10It's a tantalizing lead for investigators.
23:14But did a malfunction of the ice protection bring down Soul Flight 5428?
23:20Bring down Soul Flight 5428.
23:23What are you doing?
23:24What are you doing?
23:25What are you doing?
23:26What are you doing?
23:27What are you doing?
23:28What are you doing?
23:29What are you doing?
23:34Investigators of Soul Flight 5428 scour the wreckage for confirmation that a failure in the ice protection system brought the plane down.
23:43All that survived are the valves.
23:44Okay.
23:45Let's get them checked out.
23:46Yep.
23:47The primary function of the valves is to control the flow of pressurized air that inflates the ice protection boots.
23:50Was there a problem with the valves?
23:51The primary function of the valves is to control the flow of pressurized air that inflates the ice protection boots.
23:57Was there a problem with the valves?
24:14We isolated the anti-ice valve and we analyzed what was left of it.
24:21When they test the valve components, it's discovered that enough pressurized air was passing through the valves to inflate the boots.
24:33Take a look.
24:38No failures.
24:40So there was no doubt that the systems were being operated and that they were working.
24:51If the pilots knew they were flying in ice and the ice protection system was working, then ice alone doesn't explain the accident.
25:04The team has finally received the flight data recordings from Washington.
25:09This information is crucial for uncovering the true cause of the crash.
25:14Let's see their airspeed.
25:16Okay.
25:17The information from the reporters was vital to figuring out a lot of the things that the naked eye, or the elements picked up and analyzed at the crash site, could not be able.
25:33Okay.
25:34Okay.
25:35Look here.
25:36Their airspeed dropped to 129 knots, then 126 knots.
25:40They're in ice.
25:42They should be speeding up, not slowing down.
25:45The cruising altitude is supposed to be 19,000 feet.
25:58Instead, they level out just under 18,000 feet and slow down to less than 130.
26:08The aircraft flight manual says that when climbing in icing conditions, the minimum speed is 160 knots.
26:27They're 30 knots below that.
26:29Then they descend to 14,000 feet and slow again to 138 knots.
26:39And then they drop like a rock.
26:42It's immediately obvious to investigators why the plane crashed.
26:48They lost so much speed they stalled.
26:51The speed was progressively decreasing, which harmed the aircraft aerodynamically.
27:02Oh hell!
27:03And took it to a final stall and lost control.
27:09You pick up ice, you should increase your speed.
27:12Pretty basic.
27:15Why didn't these guys do that?
27:17If the speed decreases, the pilot must increase all power to try and get out of the situation to maintain the speed of flight.
27:28Let's see their power settings.
27:30The investigators need to find out how the pilots could have let the plane slow to the point of stalling.
27:3615,000 feet. This is where they should start increasing power for the climb.
27:50But engine power barely budges.
27:53They don't even have enough power to finish the climb.
27:57Other than to worry about, we were expecting some light icing.
28:01It should be better when we get to 19,000.
28:03Once they stabilized on the 170 level, which was not the cruising level that had been planned for this flight,
28:13they did not increase the power.
28:15Instead, they let the aircraft reach that level and remain there.
28:22Let's check their autopilot settings.
28:24The investigators now wonder if the pilots used the correct setting for the weather conditions they were in.
28:35The autopilot selects what the crew needs.
28:39For instance, the route, the speed, different parameters.
28:46It was set to vertical speed after they leveled off.
28:59Vertical speed is one of the autopilot modes used to gain altitude during flight.
29:04Vertical speed mode is going to allow you to climb or descend at a predetermined foot per minute.
29:13So if you select 700 foot per minute, it'll climb at 700 foot per minute.
29:19The purpose is to make climbs and descents faster.
29:22But to do this, the autopilot will maintain a steep climb angle at the expense of speed.
29:31Vertical speed? Does that make sense?
29:34Does that make sense?
29:37In this flight, we found that the vertical mode was selected,
29:41and we compared this information to the aircraft's manual on how to fly under these conditions.
29:49When investigators dig into the flight manual,
29:52they discover that the autopilot setting the pilots chose was wrong.
29:59That's their mistake.
30:01The pilots should have selected a different autopilot mode that maintains airspeed,
30:06not rate of climb.
30:12The autopilot put the aircraft in a higher pitch in order to maintain the desired rate of ascent.
30:21In icing conditions, that's a problem.
30:24It's going to expose the whole underside of the wing,
30:27and you're just going to pack on ice even faster.
30:30The situation is made worse by the lack of anti-ice protection on the belly of the aircraft.
30:36This ice build-up adds weight on different parts of the aircraft,
30:41which makes it less controllable.
30:43It becomes a major effort for the crew or the autopilot to control the aircraft.
30:49The performance is not the same.
30:53Investigators conclude a heavy build-up of ice caused the plane to lose speed.
30:58The captain had almost 7,000 flight hours, more than 2,000 on the Sob 340.
31:08And he flew this route often.
31:10He should have had the experience to handle the situation.
31:15Only 1,300 hours for the first officer, but there's not a single red flag in his record.
31:23Looks like they both check out.
31:26This raises a perplexing question.
31:28They were a very qualified cabin crew.
31:33One had flown similar aircraft.
31:36The first officer had many hours of experience in flying under these conditions.
31:40Should be better when we get to 19,000.
31:44Investigators can't figure out why two experienced pilots use the wrong autopilot setting to fly through the ice and conditions.
31:53I can put it on vertical.
31:55Okay. The sooner the better.
31:58Roger.
31:59Why did the pilots make such a big mistake?
32:11Okay. From the top, right after takeoff.
32:14Airspeed 140 knots. Check.
32:16Investigators hope the cockpit voice recorder of Seoul Flight 5428 will shed light on why the pilots chose the wrong autopilot setting for the icing conditions.
32:31Claps up.
32:33Gauge autopilot.
32:35The team wants to know, were the pilots aware of ice early enough to prevent a dangerous level of build-up?
32:42It was crucial for us to obtain that information.
32:46It was one of the most essential elements for us to understand what was happening, and also in providing us with information to analyze.
32:54Hope we don't get them too late. The guys are waiting for us.
32:57Tonight dinner's on them.
32:59We'll get there for dinner.
33:01Initially, what we heard could be said to be a normal operation.
33:06They had a personal conversation that had nothing to do with the operation.
33:09So when did they hit the ice?
33:13Investigators listened for confirmation that the pilots were aware of the icy conditions.
33:30Looks like we're picking up some ice.
33:33There it is.
33:34Nothing to worry about.
33:37We were expecting some light icing.
33:40I don't know if one might be more than we thought.
33:43This ice makes me a bit nervous.
33:46He's definitely worried.
33:47They were aware that there was ice building and that it was progressing.
33:54It should be better when we get to 90,000.
33:58They're going to try and get above the ice.
34:00If they're so worried about the ice, they should focus on the airspeed.
34:08Keep going.
34:10Now investigators listen for indications that the pilots knew their airspeed was a problem.
34:15Want it to gain speed?
34:21I can put it on vertical.
34:23Okay. The sooner the better.
34:25Roger.
34:27They're covered in ice, losing speed, and not climbing.
34:32And what do they do? Switch to vertical speed mode.
34:36Big mistake.
34:38Vertical speed mode actually does the opposite of what the pilots needed.
34:43It prevents the plane from picking up the speed they need to stop ice buildup.
34:47This shocked us a lot because a person won't make a mistake because they want to.
34:55This indicates that there was a root problem that led them to make an adequate decision
35:00and something as crucial as losing speed under ice conditions.
35:07They're just focused on getting above the bad weather.
35:10They can't.
35:18They're carrying too much ice to climb any higher.
35:23Keep going.
35:27Building up some ice on my wing.
35:29That's when the crew began to observe the ice buildup on both wings.
35:35Deformacion de hielo.
35:37Okay. Let's get it down to where it's warmer to melt it off.
35:40Ask to descend to a lower altitude.
35:4214,000.
35:43Roger.
35:45Solar flight 5428 requesting descent to flight level 140.
35:49Go to 14.
35:50Melt the ice.
35:51Not a bad idea.
35:53Once it became apparent that they were picking up ice quickly and they were unable to climb,
35:58they make a decision to descend and reduce the amount of ice accumulation on the airframe
36:03and find an altitude where the temperature is such that that ice would melt.
36:12I don't think that helped very much.
36:16The CVR reveals that conditions are no less treacherous when the pilots get to 14,000 feet.
36:26Ice is hitting everywhere.
36:28Can you imagine how the aircraft's belly is looking?
36:30It's okay.
36:31We're going to stay at this altitude for now.
36:34We'll keep de-icing until we get there.
36:38But the pilots can't rely entirely on de-icing.
36:42They also need to push the throttles forward to increase power.
36:45It was noted that while they were aware of the ice buildup and how things were progressing,
36:58they were not taking strong measures to change the situation.
37:01Feel that?
37:02The propellers are vibrating.
37:03The first sign of stalling.
37:04The turboprop is on the verge of an aerodynamic storm.
37:06It's because there's too much ice on the propellers.
37:07What about Max?
37:08Roger.
37:09Propellers?
37:10They're misreading the signals from the plane.
37:11They believed that the causes of the vibrations was that the propellers had too much ice buildup.
37:20When an aircraft's propeller accumulates too much ice, the plane can begin to shake or puff it.
37:32Increasing the propeller's speed can be effective in dislodging it.
37:36What was actually happening was a structural vibration of the entire aircraft.
37:57The aircraft was virtually dying. It was at a speed threshold where the next thing was the loss of control due to the loss of life.
38:15What's wrong? I don't know.
38:17That's the stick shaker. How did they not realize that they're stalling?
38:21The stick shaker is a device that actually will shake the control yoke in order to very viscerally communicate to the pilot that you have a low speed event and prompt the pilot to action.
38:36But what the investigators hear next is most troubling of all.
38:42Pull back! Pull back!
38:48Pull back! Pull back!
38:49They're trying to level the plane.
38:52Unbelievable. They're making the stall even worse.
38:55It's a shocking revelation. The pilots are doing the exact opposite of what they should be doing.
39:00When they encountered that stall event, what they should have done is push forward and move forward and move forward and move forward and move forward and move forward.
39:15And not being so worried about losing altitude, but rather regaining their air speeds.
39:26Investigators suspect the pilot's last-minute attempt to climb slower even more, making the stall unavoidable.
39:33Making the stall unavoidable.
39:34Come on! Come on! Come on! Come on! Come on! Come on!
39:36Come on! Come on! Come on!
39:37Come on!
39:42Mayday! Mayday! Mayday!
39:43Soul flight 5428! Mayday! Mayday! Mayday! Mayday!
39:46As soon as they fight the stick shaker, they're too far gone. They can't recover.
39:54Investigators now know why Soul 5428 crashed into a desert plateau in Patagonia.
40:00A wrong autopilot setting here. A misread of the plane's vibrations here. And when they finally stall, try to pull the nose up to level off instead of trying to gain speed.
40:15What kind of training did these guys get?
40:17We realized that we had to dig deeper in terms of training. How the company prepared two people who faced a situation they could not adequately manage.
40:35Investigators pour through the pilot's training records.
40:38Yeah.
40:39So, this is a regular route where bad weather is common, right?
40:46Right.
40:47Guess what's left out of the training program? Training on the anti-ice system.
40:55The flight simulator they used couldn't even simulate flying in icy conditions.
41:01It's a stunning discovery.
41:03There was only training done on how to turn off the different systems, to manage the formation of ice, and how to de-ice the plane.
41:16But no training is done on what to do once the ice build up is advanced, and how to get out of that situation by increasing speed.
41:25The revelation that the pilots were not adequately trained to fly in icy conditions is the last piece of the puzzle in this horrifying crash.
41:37It should be better when we get to 19,000.
41:40Investigators conclude the airline's lack of proper training led directly to the pilots selecting the wrong autopilot setting.
41:47I can put it on vertical.
41:49Okay.
41:50The sooner the better.
41:51Roger.
41:52arcade Zelda Aspar
41:54And to their failure to increase speed in icing conditions.
41:59Aw, hell.
42:04What's wrong?
42:06I don't know!
42:07The result was a storm which they mishandled.
42:11Go back! Go back!
42:13By fighting the plane's stick putger safety feature.
42:15They understood the situation they were in, because they were aware of the ice at all times.
42:24The problem was that the actions they took were not effective enough in order to mitigate the situation.
42:45In the final report, investigators recommend sweeping changes to training at all levels of commercial aviation in Argentina.
43:06The most important recommendation that this accident generated is about the pilot's training process in emergency situations,
43:22and how to handle the aircraft in the ice.
43:27There's a lot of work being done to prevent this from happening again.
43:33We can't say we'll avoid all accidents, but our goal is to have the least number of accidents and the least number of casualties.
43:40That is the most important thing.