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00:00A New Year's Eve tragedy.
00:13A seaplane with six on board. Lost control.
00:16This is big news.
00:18A multi-millionaire and his family are killed.
00:22Initial reports about the crash site are puzzling.
00:25He's not where he's supposed to be.
00:27Investigators quickly gather witness statements.
00:30It took off normally, like any other flight.
00:33And scrutinize the pilot's background.
00:36This guy was a competent pilot.
00:39With no significant clues, the team turns to recovered wreckage.
00:43We had a completely functional aircraft at the time of impact.
00:48But something buried deep inside the plane provides investigators with their biggest lead.
00:54This was in the cabin.
00:54I felt we may have an answer in our grasp.
01:00Five British tourists have started celebrating New Year's Eve at a waterside restaurant.
01:29a cottage point Australia and how was lunch it was great Gareth Morgan is the
01:36pilot for the 20-minute flight back to Sydney Harbour have you enjoyed your
01:41Australian visit so far very much take the front seat get some good shots from
01:46up there a born athlete raised in Vancouver Canada Gareth Morgan has come
01:54to Australia to fly floatplanes my dad's friend he owned an airplane got me hooked
02:02so you know I just like a great career Gareth did not like to be bored he liked
02:11to be challenged and have variety in his life and the pilots career particularly
02:18a pilot on floatplanes gave that to him in spades
02:30Richard Cousins is the CEO of one of the largest food companies in the UK he's on
02:36holiday with his fiancee her daughter and his two sons buckled in
02:48the trip to Cottage Point attracts a high-end crowd celebrities business
02:53tycoons and even close relatives of the royal family seven months ago Pippa
02:58Middleton the sister of the Duchess of Cambridge and her husband James
03:02Matthews took the same trip during their honeymoon in Australia
03:05welcome back folks pleasure having you on board with me again
03:09the flight is operated by Sydney seaplanes which runs a small fleet of agile floatplanes
03:23today Gareth Morgan is flying a de Havilland beaver it's a very gentle easy relaxed airplane to fly I call
03:33the big comfy couch you can take large payloads you can get into tight places
03:39confined areas it's very versatile the beaver is powered by a single 450
03:47horsepower radial engine the iconic aircraft is at work all over the world
03:52we're about ready for takeoff here folks I went over the safety regulations on the
03:58way over does anyone need a refresher oh good we'll have you back in Sydney in a flash Morgan
04:09takes the plane towards the designated takeoff area in Cowan Creek you're deciding okay where are the
04:17hazards where are my obstacles which direction is the wind coming from you're considering all those
04:23variables Cowan Creek traffic this is float beaver November Oscar Oscar we are taxing to the takeoff
04:30point for a northeast departure to Rose Bay most locations where a floatplane is operating you're
04:36in uncontrolled airspace so you're not talking to a controller you are just making blind calls on
04:42the radio to tell their aircraft what your intentions are in the area any conflicting traffic please advise
04:49November Oscar Oscar traffic is clear they can depart a takeoff on water is executed in two stages you're
05:03gonna be plowing through the water until kind of crests over that bow wave that you're creating with the
05:08floats once you're on that step you're watching your attitude keeping your directional control
05:19with your rudder and your ailerons racing at 60 miles per hour the floatplane takes only 15 seconds to lift off
05:29you'll see Cowan point down there in the moments after takeoff the plane must gain altitude quickly the hills surrounding the bay are more than 400 feet high
05:58what makes it different for pilots fine these kind of aircraft is just being open to constant changes the variables are always changing
06:10Gareth Morgan has to decide the best way to gain the altitude he needs to clear the surrounding hills
06:19he can continue forward climbing along the length of the channel he can also make a u-turn and head back over the waterway from where he just took off
06:30a pilot chooses their departure path based on experience knowledge of the area comfort level with the aircraft typically you want to go out into the most open area possible
06:42for the pilot this is the eighth flight during a busy day shuttling passengers
06:49that there's Cowan um Colox Creek
06:57second there's Colox Creek
07:01at just a hundred and thirty feet the floatplane stops climbing
07:12they got it
07:20Morgan needs to gain altitude he's headed towards a dead end
07:24you have to have a point of making a decision
07:31can I make it or can I not make it
07:41if you cannot make it do you have space to get out of that situation
07:54less than two minutes after taking off from Cottage Point
08:09the floatplane crashes into Jerusalem Bay and sinks
08:17a New Year's Eve tragedy six people feared dead in a seaplane crash on the Hawkesbury River
08:23by the time rescuers arrived on the scene the aircraft had disappeared under the water
08:27this is big news
08:28investigators from the ATSB the Australian Transport Safety Bureau begin their first assignment of the new year
08:34I'll handle the press try to find some witnesses
08:38someone must have seen this
08:43the media attention was huge
08:46it was on every television that I turned on
08:50the search for answers intensifies as police dive on the crash site
08:54joined on the surface by investigators from the Australian Transport Safety Bureau
09:02all five passengers including CEO Richard Cousins are dead
09:06so is the pilot Gareth Morgan
09:11it was a day that drastically changed our lives
09:13this was a devastating moment and we still live with it every day
09:25my first thoughts went to those who had just lost loved ones in such a tragic accident
09:32and then it was changed gears and went straight into the business side of things
09:36what did we know and how we were going to approach the investigation
09:44okay great
09:46how deep is the plane
09:48the ATSB begins its investigation into the crash that took the lives of six people
09:52police are saying it's probably under 14 meters
09:55it's right here
09:57in Jerusalem Bay
09:59recovering all the wreckage is crucial
10:02there was no radio contact with the pilot
10:05the flight wasn't tracked on radar
10:07and the plane didn't carry a key source of information
10:11unfortunately we find with accidents involving smaller aircraft
10:15it is very unlikely that they will have some form of recording device on board
10:19until the wreckage can be recovered
10:24witness statements are all there is to go by
10:26let's just walk through where you were and what you saw
10:31we consider witness interviews what we call perishable evidence in that we try to get that done as soon as possible
10:38well it took off normally
10:41just seemed like any other flight
10:43we utilize aircraft models so that they can show us rather than tell us of what their observations were
10:50and where were you?
10:54near the creek
10:56we also use maps to try and get a sense of what they saw and where they were positioned
11:02investigators quickly discover that although several people witnessed parts of the fatal flight
11:09no one saw all of it
11:11thank you so much
11:12no smoke
11:14no smoke
11:16no one heard any unusual noises
11:18witness A says he takes off normally
11:22and flies down Cowan Creek
11:25witness B sees them climbing
11:28no obvious issues
11:29the initial witnesses we interviewed described the flight path of an aircraft steady
11:35no erratic movements on the southern bank of Jerusalem Bay
11:39they then described the aircraft doing a steep turn before the nose dropped and the aircraft impacted the river
11:47we've got a gap in the flight path
11:50it starts off here
11:52and somehow
11:53ends up here
11:56investigators can't confirm the plane's entire flight path
12:00the more we spoke to the witnesses the more questions it did raise
12:04do you have the flight chart?
12:06no
12:08as investigators review the flight chart they make a key discovery
12:13he's not where he's supposed to be
12:17the plane ended up in Jerusalem Bay
12:21a narrow dead-end body of water west of the take-off area
12:26we established that there was no operational reason for the aircraft to be operating in Jerusalem Bay
12:32with little to go on the biggest piece of evidence is on the bottom of the bay
12:40investigators will have to retrieve it
12:44the lift of the wreckage was quite a nerve-racking event for my team
12:48we had the area cordoned off to vessels except for emergency services
12:53the police divers first went down and secured the main fuselage
12:58the team delicately lifts the aircraft to the surface
13:03we were very careful especially with the main fuselage which carries a lot of water
13:09we needed to be patient to drain the water from it before we lifted it onto the barge
13:15the full recovery of the wreckage of the beaver seaplane provides hope for the investigation
13:20they got everything
13:33ATSB investigator Leon Campbell is tasked with dissecting what's left of the plane
13:39and searching for signs of mechanical failure
13:41the nose is greased let's check the flight controls
13:47the aircraft was delivered to the hangar inverted
13:51and we decided to keep it in that orientation
13:55one for safety because it was quite stable
13:58and also it afforded us good access to the flight controls
14:01did the plane crash because of an engine failure
14:08well the blade is damaged
14:11we are looking for signatures if it was providing power at impact with the terrain or water
14:17slight forward bending here
14:20there's a mid-span bend too
14:22it's a double bend
14:24investigators find a pattern they recognise
14:27so the propeller was turning normally
14:30the engine was working
14:32the wreckage examination determined that we had a completely functional aircraft
14:37during the flight
14:39and at the time of impact everything appeared normal
14:45still without any answers
14:48investigators scour every inch of the plane
14:51inside and out looking for clues
14:53we noted that the forward cabin roof area
14:56was filled with mud
14:58to ensure that we're not missing any vital evidence
15:02I had the unenviable task of going through this mud
15:06Duncan
15:09this was in the cabin
15:11wow
15:13great job
15:15they find something completely unexpected
15:18the discovery of a camera could change the course of the investigation
15:23the camera was a crucial piece of evidence that we could hopefully gain some more insights as to what occurred during the flight
15:32maybe there's something valuable on the memory card
15:35but the camera was underwater for four days
15:39the compact flash card was damaged
15:43the compact flash card was damaged
15:46we treated this card just like we treat the memory from a flight data recorder that is damaged
15:53the creasing damage on the nose and the fuselage is fairly significant
15:58agreed
16:02while work begins on the data card investigators turn their focus back to the wreckage
16:08defamation increasing of the fuselage and the pontoons can give us an indication of the speed orientation and angle of entry into the water
16:18investigators measure how much the force of impact bent the plane's nose
16:25deformation angle is 25 degrees upward
16:29normally
16:32it's only 12
16:35so the impact bent the nose upward 13 degrees
16:39correct
16:42so maybe we're looking at a stall
16:44it's possible
16:46with the engine operating and eyewitnesses reporting the plane in a steep right turn
16:52investigators consider whether the pilot lost lift over the wings
16:56stalled the plane and fell from the sky
16:59stalls at low altitude are dangerous because there's no time to recover
17:04says here that the angle for a stall is 12 degrees or more if the flaps were set to climb out
17:16the flap actuator was extended
17:22so the flaps were set to climb
17:25investigators conclude the float plane stalled before hitting the water
17:30we had a pilot who was in jerusalem bay at low altitude conducting a steep turn
17:37this raised questions with the investigation team on what was happening in the cockpit
17:45so why would a professional flight plane pilot go into a dead end and then stole the plane?
17:56good question
17:57investigators want to know more about the pilot who crashed the float plane into jerusalem bay australia
18:04the majority of his time is on float planes
18:08more than 9 000 hours
18:13he was very experienced
18:16this is float beaver november oscar oscar
18:18looks like he started with sydney seaplanes in may of 2017
18:28he also had a stint with them
18:31between december
18:332011 and april 2014
18:36535 hours on the plane that crashed
18:38so he knew that plane
18:39so he knew that plane
18:43hey look here
18:46he had an incident
18:48only a few days before the crash
18:50the pilot was involved in an incident while he was flying a cessna 208 float plane
18:57was it his fault?
18:59no i don't think so
19:01it's just a rough landing in rose bay
19:03traffic was busy and waves were high
19:05the event was essentially a bad luck event
19:09beyond the control of the pilot
19:11this guy was a competent pilot
19:14so what are we missing here?
19:19it was new year's eve
19:23not a normal day
19:25what are you getting in?
19:27was he celebrating a bit early?
19:31is it possible the pilot was impaired?
19:34i'll check on the status of the toxicology report
19:38i'll make some calls
19:39one of the things that we do look at is whether there was the use of any substances such as alcohol or any of the medications they may have been taking
19:52can you think back?
19:54what was he up to while the passengers were having lunch?
20:01he had a lunch break at the cafe at cottage point
20:05happy new year my friend
20:07we were aware that the pilot had been required to move his beaver while another aircraft entered the area to onboard passengers
20:18i gotta go
20:20i gotta move my plane
20:23okay
20:25did gareth morgan have a drink between flights?
20:28alright
20:30alright thank you
20:32no one saw gareth having a drink
20:33toxicology report confirms that as well
20:37we knew his integrity
20:39we knew that he would have had the well-being of his passengers first and foremost
20:45in his mind at all times
20:48a month into the investigation and the ATSB can't find any problems with the pilot or the plane involved in the crash at Jerusalem Bay
20:56nobody knew what had happened
21:00something went terribly wrong in that cockpit and we did not know what
21:07investigators place their hopes on the camera found in the wreckage and the data on the memory card inside
21:14this was meticulous work
21:17this was meticulous work
21:19the controller chip contained 144 solder points which needed to be reconnected under the microscope
21:27thank you
21:31looks like we got something
21:33the lab is sending the images now
21:34we were successful in recovering over 350 images from the compact flash card
21:44investigators analyse the pictures hoping they see something that might help them solve the case
21:51looks like they're taxiing
21:52oh it's taken from the passenger side next to the pilot
22:07the next 22 pictures were taken during the taxi takeoff and climb
22:13nine were taken while the plane was airborne
22:20taken over 39 seconds
22:24that's the last one
22:27too bad that's all there is
22:29I think there's more we can do with these
22:48when we had photos from the accident flight we decided to see if we could rebuild the flight path of the aircraft
22:58of the aircraft using these images
23:01time
23:0315
23:0411 45
23:06direction forward
23:08estimated altitude
23:1098 feet
23:12they compiled data from the photographs about the plane's position the camera angle and the time of day
23:18ok that's all of them
23:20let's process this
23:22so how's it going
23:23strung together the images provide investigators with a key portion of the plane's flight path
23:31using camera tracking software we were able to get a better idea of the aircraft flight path but also have a more accurate understanding of the altitude of the aircraft
23:41the plane is at 98 feet and turning right
23:48and stops climbing for some reason
23:51that's odd
23:53we could see that the aircraft was in a bank turn but despite being in the climb flap setting the aircraft was losing altitude
24:03the photo analysis tells investigators that the plane was descending but the complete flight path remains an educated guess
24:12well the good news is that matches the flight path from our eyewitnesses
24:19but it doesn't go much beyond that
24:21you're right
24:28you need to come at this from a different perspective
24:33at that point because we had no obvious reason as to why the accident occurred
24:39we were looking at all the other possible hypotheses
24:41maybe he had a seizure
24:44or heart failure
24:47well that's a possibility
24:57his medical records indicate
24:59no history of headaches blackouts dizziness
25:03I'm not seeing anything
25:05investigators shift their focus back to the pilot Gareth Morgan
25:08what about the cardiology
25:12this is abnormal
25:14some of the ECG's had signs of sinus bradycardia
25:20which is a slower than normal heart rate
25:23his resting heart rate is 50 BPM
25:25he's like a trained athlete
25:28it's an abnormality but it's not a problem
25:32he was a very fit individual
25:36and there was nothing in his medical history
25:40that could have led to medical incapacitation
25:51I thought we'd have more answers by now
25:53almost two years into the investigation
25:57the ATSB prepares a final report without any firm conclusions about what caused the crash
26:02the investigation team were disappointed and frustrated that they could not provide an answer to the families
26:13Duncan Bosworth
26:16yeah well incapacitation was always a possibility
26:19I'm pretty far down that road
26:21came up empty
26:23while the report was being prepared we have an internal review
26:25this included our aviation medical specialist
26:29no we must have tested for that
26:31I'll get back to you alright
26:33the aviation specialist raised the fact that carbon monoxide could have been an issue during this accident
26:42when aviation fuel is burned
26:45exhaust from the engines contains a highly poisonous carbon monoxide gas which can cause short-term symptoms
26:52long-term exposure can have a severe impact on health and can be fatal
26:57they tested for carbon monoxide right
27:01here's the pathologist report
27:06I said I thought it must have been examined because we had the toxicology report and nothing had been raised about carbon monoxide
27:15Kerry
27:17it's not here
27:20I could not find evidence of carbon monoxide testing during the autopsy
27:27I have a few questions for you
27:29investigators contact the state's health pathologist
27:33is there any reason you didn't test for carbon monoxide poisoning
27:36the team learns that pathologists do not test for carbon monoxide unless there's evidence of a fire
27:41any chance you still have the original samples
27:46I see
27:48oh you do
27:50oh that's great
27:53that's when they went off and did the additional testing to assess whether carbon monoxide was an issue or not
28:0026 months after the crash Gareth Morgan's blood sample is tested for carbon monoxide
28:06look at this
28:07the results provide investigators with their biggest lead yet
28:12I felt we may have an answer in our grasp
28:17Morgan's carbon monoxide levels were at 11%
28:21some of the passengers also tested positive for CO poisoning
28:25toxicology results confirm that the pilot and two passengers of the ill-fated float plane had higher than normal levels of carbon monoxide in their blood
28:41we were re-energized because we may have found that missing piece of evidence
28:50according to this study the pilot would have been suffering from neurobehavioral and cognitive side effects
28:59we did a lot of research to see what that 11% in particular for the pilot how that would have affected his performance
29:13was Gareth Morgan's carbon monoxide level high enough to incapacitate him and cause him to crash the plane
29:26at 11% he would have feelings of nausea, dizziness, possibly a headache
29:33it's hard to know with those symptoms if it's carbon monoxide poisoning or something else
29:38the side effects of 11% carbon monoxide poisoning are so insidious it would have been hard for Gareth Morgan to be aware of what was happening to him
29:50quite often the cognitive effects can be quite
29:54subtle and they may often be overlooked or even dismissed by the pilot
29:57how much carbon monoxide does it need to breathe in to reach 11%
30:07the safety literature says there would have to be a concentration of 80 parts per million in the cabin for a sustained period
30:14that's an awful lot of carbon monoxide in the aircraft
30:16so what's the source?
30:24and how did it get into the cabin?
30:29we knew the source of carbon monoxide in an aircraft would be the exhaust system or a heater in the aircraft
30:36there was no heater so our focus was on the engine exhaust system
30:40well this piece seems ok
30:44when an engine burns fuel the hot gases are directed through the exhaust manifold and out of the tailpipe
30:51preventing them from entering the plane's cabin
30:55take a look at this
30:59see those cracks?
31:01investigators take a closer look at pieces of the cracked manifold
31:05to determine if the damage occurred before or after the crash
31:12there's some oxidation here
31:15rust on the fractures in the exhaust manifold tells investigators that the crack developed prior to the accident
31:22we found the leak
31:24after we discovered there was an exhaust leak we had to determine how the carbon monoxide got into the cabin to affect the occupants
31:32what's the most likely point of entry?
31:40right here
31:43the firewall
31:45investigators try to determine how carbon monoxide entered the float plane's cockpit incapacitating the pilot
31:52the firewall exists between the engine accessory bay and the cabin to prevent fumes getting into the cabin
32:01zoom in
32:03the team examines the plane's firewall
32:06pretty banged up
32:08they focus on two panels which allow access to the engine for maintenance
32:11here's what we found
32:15they discover the left access panel is missing one of its four required bolts
32:21the right panel is missing two
32:23that means there were three holes in the main firewall on the day of the flight
32:27mm-hmm
32:29it's a pathway for exhaust to travel from the engine bay into the cabin of the beaver
32:33several pre-existing cracks in the exhaust system released the poisonous gas into the engine bay
32:43tiny bolt holes allowed the gas to leak into the cabin through the main firewall
32:48so we have the source and the point of entry
32:53the discovery leaves investigators with a burning question
32:57how long has the dangerous problem existed?
33:01the last work performed on the parts was done in early 2017
33:08maintenance records show when the access panels were last modified
33:14that's months before the accident
33:16that means Sydney Sea Plains pilots have flown the same beaver float plane hundreds of times
33:22without being affected by the carbon monoxide leak
33:23and it also means Gareth Morgan flew the plane dozens of times himself without a problem
33:30so why did it affect him this time?
33:35one of the key questions we were asking ourselves was
33:39why did the accident happen on this flight?
33:42ATSB investigators examine pilot log books to understand what made the fatal flight of a Sydney sea plane different from others
33:50he's flying the same plane day after day
33:55it has the same problem
33:57but nothing happens until New Year's Eve
34:00I can't figure it out
34:02what was his schedule on the day of the crash?
34:05well he's making flights all day long
34:08so the carbon monoxide is going to be built up in the system
34:11an individual's carbon monoxide levels will increase with intensity depending on the duration
34:19we had a pilot who was conducting multiple flights throughout the day with only short intervals between each flight
34:28there's something else
34:30as investigators reconstruct Gareth Morgan's schedule they remember they have to add one more piece to the puzzle
34:36an hour before he took off from Cottage Point
34:39Gareth Morgan was asked to move his plane off the dock to make room for another plane
34:43I gotta go
34:45I gotta move my plane
34:47maybe Morgan was exposed to even more carbon monoxide gases while he moved the plane
34:52exactly
34:54how long did that take?
34:5827 minutes
34:59that's almost as much as an extra flight
35:03that's a lot more time in a plane
35:06Morgan had to maneuver his plane away from the dock and around the bay
35:13while another plane picked up passengers
35:15there's still a missing link
35:18but his holes don't seem big enough to let in enough exhaust
35:23why is that exhaust flowing into the cabin?
35:27maybe you hear the windows open during the flight?
35:31good point
35:33that will create enough suction for the carbon monoxide to flow in
35:37most pilots have their windows down to get some ventilation into the cabin
35:44investigators revisit pictures they collected from witnesses
35:48this was taken early in the day
35:51looks like he cracked the door during the taxi into Cottage Point to get some air
35:57the open door could have created a draft that sucked the exhaust into the cabin through holes in the firewall
36:04but is the short taxi really long enough to be dangerous?
36:09hard to say
36:10here's a short video from Warner witnesses
36:16during the time the pilot moved the plane
36:19the windows are closed
36:24but check out the door
36:26an extra 27 minutes in the plane with the door ajar
36:30that likely elevated the level of carbon monoxide in the pilot system
36:42the investigation team had an hypothesis about how the door ajar may have exacerbated the passage of carbon monoxide
36:49we needed to test this theory
37:01okay, initiating test number one
37:03with the door closed
37:08investigators recreate the conditions of Gareth Morgan's plane
37:12to see if concentrations of carbon monoxide were high enough to incapacitate him
37:16we needed to use an exemplar beaver aircraft with a simulated exhaust leak and excess panel bolts removed to test our hypothesis
37:27they begin the test with the windows and doors closed
37:32first we had to set a baseline level with the engine running
37:36we then remove the excess panel bolts and simulate an exhaust leak by feeding the exhaust from the engine directly into the engine bay
37:4755 parts per million
37:49there was no dangerous level of carbon monoxide in the cabin at that stage
37:53okay, let's clear the cabin and start again
37:57to protect against carbon monoxide poisoning
38:01investigators agree to stop the test if the levels reach 120 parts per million
38:06we then tested with the door ajar
38:08it has to get to 70 parts per million
38:14and we saw that the levels increased
38:19within minutes carbon monoxide in the cabin climbs to deadly levels
38:24we're at 144 ppm in here, way too high
38:28let's set it down
38:29prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide levels greater than 144 parts per million is dangerous to the occupants
38:40the tests are conclusive
38:45we did it
38:49it was a relief to see that our theory may have been proved
38:53and confirmed that carbon monoxide could enter the cabin
38:59investigators worry the same thing could happen again
39:03they tracked down other beaver float planes that were serviced by the same company that maintained the Sydney seaplanes fleet
39:10there's more than one plane with the same problem
39:13we inspected the access panels on three other beaver aircraft and we were surprised to find that there was one bolt missing from each of those panels
39:27it's unbelievable
39:30it was the same in every one thing
39:32they have to be fixed
39:34immediately
39:42the missing bolts are replaced in all the planes where they're missing
39:46as investigators try to determine how the accident could have been prevented
39:52they're left with one last question
39:56was this thing even working?
39:59carbon monoxide detectors provide pilots with the opportunity to detect exposure before they become incapacitated
40:09was the carbon monoxide detecting equipment on the beaver float plane functioning?
40:14so how does this one work?
40:17I suppose to turn a different colour when carbon monoxide is present
40:20it's sun bleached
40:24there's no way it was working
40:26when we examined the carbon monoxide detector from this aircraft it was a beige colour
40:33which meant it was unserviceable and not capable of detecting carbon monoxide
40:39you know the detectors aren't even mandatory
40:42not in Australia
40:44not anywhere
40:45not anywhere
40:52the ATSB's final report highlights the critical importance of audible carbon monoxide detectors
40:59as a pilot myself
41:01I strongly encourage all pilots to carry active carbon monoxide detectors every time they go out flying
41:08I have carbon monoxide detectors in my home
41:12they're very loud and they're not expensive
41:15this should be mandatory in all small planes
41:18the crash at Jerusalem Bay raises awareness of the deadly threat carbon monoxide poses to aviators
41:30it was fulfilling to be able to identify important safety issues in the hope that we can prevent such a tragic accident from occurring again in the future
41:44but it was also rewarding to provide the family and friends some degree of resolution
41:56I've had many people particularly after his death say the wildest experiences they had as passengers with Gareth
42:02he really touched people with his humbleness and his sense of dedication to his profession and that's very much the human being that Gareth was
42:18was
42:19was