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00:00I think cancer plays the role of a bogeyman in society.
00:12It has evolved with us, it is part of us, and it kills without prejudice.
00:20We can't continue to catch cancer at the last throes of its existence when it is killing people.
00:30Wouldn't it be amazing to actually go one step further and stop cancer from starting at all?
00:37Research is where hope starts.
00:40It's optimism and it's a belief that we can know what is currently unknowable, and that's the challenge.
00:50Ultimately, it could change the world.
00:54For generations, a cancer diagnosis left almost no hope.
01:01It's a terrifying disease that has stalked us for millennia.
01:06I didn't expect I had cancer because all the tests were coming back negative.
01:10I don't think my body can take anymore.
01:13Science has fought hard against it, and now the tide is finally turning.
01:18One of our key goals is to transform this idea of cancer as a death sentence.
01:25A group of trailblazing scientists are making new breakthroughs.
01:29We now need to take those discoveries and make them work for patients.
01:35This is the world's first lung cancer prevention vaccine.
01:40Discovering cures and finding ways to stop cancer before it even starts.
01:45The tumor seems to be shrinking.
01:47The tumor seems to be shrinking.
01:48Shocked.
01:49No, a wildest dream that we're expecting that.
01:51Creating a future where cancer doesn't win.
01:55We're getting very close to defeating cancer once and for all.
02:00What's not curable today could be curable tomorrow.
02:04It's been very difficult to do not impact our society.
02:05This was a bitter for example my SA1 of the grazing mandate and the
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04:41Es mejor que lo que es, ¿no?
04:44Sí, mucho mejor.
04:46Cuando me fui en para la cirugía, cuando la cirugía se me dijo,
04:51sí, vamos a cortar algo de eso.
04:54Y me dijo, ¿qué me dijo?
04:57No, no, no, no.
05:01Finalmente, sabemos que la vida se acabó y se acabó de la muerte,
05:05y tenemos que ir a pasar por eso, pero...
05:07...almosto se hace demasiado.
05:09Sí, sí.
05:11I felt angry.
05:12I felt upset.
05:13I didn't want to let him know that I was worried.
05:16It's almost like you go into protective mode of your whole family,
05:20our siblings looking out for each other, the grandchildren,
05:23what they were going to miss out on,
05:25what we were going to miss out on,
05:27them hard conversations moving forward
05:29that we were going to have to have.
05:32I suppose life's up to go on hold a little bit for you, Dad.
05:35Well, if I'd gone when Janice told me in the first place,
05:38I might not have got this far.
05:40So, yes, I can blame myself,
05:42but I didn't listen to Janice,
05:44and I should have probably gone a year earlier,
05:47but maybe it's a man thing, isn't it?
05:49Yeah, I was going to say, it's typical sometimes, isn't it?
05:51I don't know, but, yeah, it is.
05:53Yeah, it is.
05:54Yeah.
05:56It's a journey in itself.
05:57Every little clip of the way of the journey
06:00is a rollercoaster of emotions.
06:02In Oxford, Trevor is under the care of Professor Sarah Blackton.
06:15Good morning.
06:16Good morning.
06:17Hi, Trevor. How are you getting on?
06:19Good, thank you very much.
06:20I thought it would be quite useful to show you the images of your cancer cells.
06:26Right, yes.
06:27OK?
06:28I've got them up here on the monitor.
06:29Do you want to have a look?
06:30Yeah.
06:31As you know, your cancer started in your head,
06:34and one of the things that they reported at the beginning
06:37was that they found about four spots on your liver.
06:40Cancer is basically our own cells going rogue.
06:47Changes to your cells can cause uncontrolled cell division.
06:53The mass of these rapidly growing cells competes with our normal cells
06:59and becomes a tumour.
07:02The tumour learns to evade our immune system,
07:05and over time the tumour then blocks blood vessels,
07:09it blocks airways, spreads to other organs in our body,
07:13and damages them as well.
07:15And if untreated, it can drain our body's resources,
07:20until, ultimately, we die of the disease.
07:26With previous treatments having failed,
07:28Trevor's only hope was to join Sarah's immunotherapy trial.
07:34Our bodies have quite a lot of clever defences against cancer.
07:37Our immune systems are constantly watching,
07:40so a lot of the work we're doing at the moment
07:43is to try and really understand it,
07:45so that it's better able to recognise cancer.
07:48The therapy trains Trevor's immune system
07:51to identify and attack cancer cells.
07:54So here is the liver.
07:56You can see that these black dots look abnormal.
08:00It's a treatment that doesn't work for everybody.
08:04Trevor's progress is gauged by routine scans of his tumours.
08:11The ones that are quite regular, like that one,
08:13to me, that looks like a cyst,
08:15so that's nothing to worry about.
08:16But the ones with the sort of irregular edges, like that one,
08:20look more like the cancer deposits,
08:22and that's exactly what was reported.
08:24They were growing before you started the study.
08:26They were, you know, at least two and a half centimetres.
08:29Yes, yes.
08:30And now they're kind of just static.
08:31And the question is,
08:32are there any active tumour cells in those deposits?
08:37So what we would like to do now is arrange a PET scan
08:40and use that scan to measure the amount of activity going on
08:44in those liver deposits
08:45to see whether there's any active cancer there.
08:47I'm sensible enough to think that the chances of it going away completely,
08:54I think, are slim.
08:56But, you know, you live in hope.
08:58Well, I mean...
08:59You know, for the best result.
09:00That's right.
09:01I mean, with the immunotherapy studies they've done so far,
09:03about half of the people respond well,
09:06and 20 years later many of them still haven't got disease back.
09:10Yeah.
09:11So it could be that you will have a long remission,
09:13and one day one of us might say the word cure.
09:16Remission would just be nice, yes.
09:19Yeah.
09:20Yes, you know, let's go back to reality.
09:24Yeah, well...
09:25Yeah, it's it, yeah.
09:26But, well, we'll see. We'll see. Who knows?
09:35Before immunotherapy,
09:36we didn't really understand the full power
09:39that the immune system has against cancer.
09:42But this has completely transformed it for us
09:44because it's enabled us now to realise that we might be able to harness
09:49that very, very powerful immune response at a cancer before it starts,
09:53rather than waiting until it has started.
09:55By 2040, the number of new cancer cases each year in the UK
10:07is expected to rise to over half a million.
10:10Hi, hello. Hello. Nice to see you, Peter. How are you?
10:14How are you?
10:15I'm doing OK, thank you.
10:16You're doing all right?
10:17Considering.
10:19On the ward where Sarah works,
10:21150 people regularly come to take part in the clinical trials.
10:25I'm a clinician scientist, which means that I'm half a practising doctor,
10:30an oncologist who looks after cancer patients,
10:33and the other half, I'm a scientist,
10:35so I do research on cancer.
10:40Oncology, you're dealing with the day-to-day reality of cancer
10:43and all its frustrations.
10:47When you know what cancer does,
10:49when you know how long it takes,
10:51sometimes decades, to develop in our bodies,
10:54when you know those various steps it goes through
10:58before it becomes cancer,
11:00and that there is such a long window
11:02that we are currently not intervening,
11:04it feels to me morally wrong
11:07not to go and explore that further
11:10and actually do something to stop it much earlier.
11:18I would feel very dissatisfied if I wasn't doing this right now
11:21because I really feel like I want to make some small amount of difference.
11:28I have a big idea,
11:31which is building on our knowledge from immunotherapy
11:34to really design a series of vaccines against specific cancers,
11:39but then to pool them all into a single vaccine
11:43that you would give to everyone to protect them from cancer.
11:47I will demonstrate with fruit.
11:50OK, imagine that this is a normal cell, OK?
11:54And normal cells communicate with our immune system
11:58via a flag system.
12:00And basically these are just a string of proteins or amino acids
12:04and the immune cell comes past, sees it and it says everything's fine
12:07and it carries on.
12:08When the normal cell is unwell,
12:11or anything abnormal happens in the cell,
12:13it then changes the signal and signals something abnormal.
12:17And the immune cells come past and they just basically recognise,
12:20OK, this isn't right.
12:21It binds to the cell and it destroys that abnormal cell.
12:25And this is a really important way that our cells remain healthy in our bodies.
12:30What we know about cancer cells is that they also have very abnormal signals,
12:35but unfortunately we're not very good at eradicating cancers from our bodies.
12:41Effectively what happens is the cancer cell evades the immune system
12:44with a kind of cloak of invisibility.
12:47So that means that although they are flagging some abnormal proteins
12:51on the cell surface, the immune cells can't recognise this.
12:54And this enables the cell to grow and grow
12:58and become a really nasty established invasive cancer.
13:01Somewhere in the trajectory between a normal cell becoming a cancerous cell,
13:07it goes through a pre-cancer stage
13:09and we know now that that takes about ten years.
13:12I liken it to a sort of cocoon and moth.
13:17You know, the cocoon stage is the pre-cancer stage
13:21and it's a stage that can take about a decade
13:24before the moth or the cancer actually occurs.
13:27So it's perfectly possible that you or I have a cancer already developing in our bodies
13:36that will not be diagnosed probably for another decade.
13:39And during that stage, again, the cell is signalling to the immune system
13:45that it's not well, that it's not right.
13:48But it hasn't acquired this cloak of invisibility.
13:52And most times, our immune cells are very good at eradicating, recognising this is abnormal,
13:57and eradicating these pre-cancers.
13:59And this is probably what happens in our bodies all the time,
14:02so we're probably constantly eradicating pre-cancer.
14:05But some of these cells are breaking through
14:08and they are escaping the immune system.
14:10And that's probably how cancers start in the first place.
14:14So what we're doing with the vaccines is we're basically teaching the immune system
14:19to better recognise those early changes here
14:23to prevent this from then becoming a cancer.
14:26We have this sort of ticking time bomb within us.
14:32I feel a real sense of urgency because I think that we have a once in a generation opportunity
14:39to bring together the technologies and the research that's being conducted.
14:44This is an opportunity that can't wait. The opportunity is now.
14:48Hello, Julie. Hi, my name's Professor Blagden.
15:10In Oxford, oncologist Sarah Blagden is on a mission to create a vaccine against cancer
15:17that is the first of its kind in the world.
15:21You're having your transfusion today.
15:22Yes, I am.
15:23How are you feeling? You must be exhausted.
15:25I am very exhausted.
15:26Yeah.
15:27Going to bed in the afternoons for sleep.
15:30What we call cancer is at the end of a very long disease process
15:34that's taken place in our bodies.
15:36And at this point in time, that process is too often being allowed to happen
15:41without any intervention whatsoever.
15:49Sarah leads a research group at the University of Oxford to develop the vaccine.
15:54In the last 50 years, research has helped double cancer survival.
15:58But it's not all good news.
16:01We know that the incidence of cancer is growing year on year.
16:05Cancer is on the rise and we need to do something about it soon.
16:10Our destination is ultimately to protect everyone against cancer.
16:19But you have to start somewhere.
16:22And lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the UK.
16:26There are almost 50,000 cases of lung cancer diagnosed every year.
16:31With the lung cancer vaccine, we have taken and modified a virus
16:37and loaded it with genetic instructions.
16:40And these instructions are teaching our immune cells
16:44to recognise early changes that happen in the lungs
16:47as they transition towards cancer.
16:50So what we're doing is we are teaching your immune cells,
16:55we're priming them to recognise and destroy precancerous cells
17:01as soon as they start to develop.
17:03And these cells are then able to pass that knowledge around
17:07to more and more immune cells,
17:09which can then patrol the lung and other tissues
17:14for any cells that are starting to transition towards cancer.
17:22Zinaida is a postdoctoral researcher
17:24leading the preclinical lab testing of the vaccine.
17:29My job is to test that we can actually train immune system
17:33to see and attack cancer cells.
17:37So we need to show that the vaccine can do its job
17:40so we can take it into a clinical trial.
17:45When I first came up with this idea,
17:47I felt too embarrassed to say it in public
17:50because it just seemed ludicrously optimistic.
17:54But actually we're starting to think
17:56maybe it isn't such a mad idea.
17:59I often walk to get, you know, a drink or food
18:04and then you see patients
18:05who have exhausted all of their treatment options.
18:08Of course you want to do something
18:10that is going to help them have better quality of life.
18:13So from that point of view it keeps you going
18:15but there is also that stress.
18:17How fast can I get there?
18:21Zinaida will present the results to Sarah
18:23when the tests are complete.
18:25It's really important to show
18:29that the vaccine works in cells
18:32before we take it into people.
18:34If it can't, then we've designed it wrong.
18:47Just coming.
18:51Hello.
18:52Hello. Hi.
18:53How are you doing?
18:54Very good.
18:55I wanted to be a doctor since I was about six.
18:57So I want to see this trunk.
18:59Oh yes, right.
19:01I mean, I did have a phase of wanting to be a ballet dancer.
19:04Okay, oh my God, it's massive.
19:06I think I was a little bit too physically lazy for that.
19:11That's the lead line.
19:12I remember at one point I had an insect hospital
19:14and I had little beds for injured insects.
19:17Wow.
19:18It's like a treasure trove.
19:19Yes.
19:20Yes.
19:21I don't know.
19:22I suppose I probably wanted to heal them.
19:27Hey, look at this.
19:28Hey.
19:29Dad's medal.
19:30Right.
19:31I think I was quite serious, actually, as a kid.
19:36We were an army family and we moved around a lot.
19:39And we would be expected to kind of behave and turn up at things and, you know, curry lunches and parades and all that sort of stuff that army brats have to do.
19:50What is this?
19:51That's a landmine.
19:52Obviously it's not live.
19:53No.
19:55My father cleared minefields out in war-torn places around the world.
20:01Oh, there's Dad.
20:03Yeah.
20:04I think his frustration was its impact on civilians.
20:08You know, people who had no intention of getting drawn into a war and ten years later might be walking a field and then suddenly a landmine going off.
20:23Do you remember, I was doing my pathology exam and I was totally stressed.
20:26And Daddy was working for the UN at that point and he was about to go and clear some mines.
20:30I rang him and said, I'm really terrified.
20:32I've got this exam.
20:33I've decided I'm not going to sit it.
20:34I'm going to back out because I can't do it.
20:36I'm too stressed.
20:37And Dad said, Sarah, one of us is going to do an exam tomorrow and one of us is going to a minefield.
20:45Which one would you prefer to be?
20:50He genuinely wanted the world to be a better place.
20:55He was a problem solver.
21:00And I do think about him quite a lot because my work now is sort of similar.
21:05The pre-cancer within us is a bit like that unexploded mine.
21:10It's a funny parallel really.
21:12I think for both it is about prevention.
21:15That day is really odd.
21:30I don't like the sun anyway, but I think you're possibly a bit conscious of me because of my cancer.
21:35But yeah, if it's really bright sunshine, I do put a baseball hat on or something.
21:42Whether it's, you know, closing the door after the horse has bolted, I don't know.
21:47Trevor is coming to the Churchill Hospital for a scan that will show how active the cancer cells are in his tumours after two years of immunotherapy.
21:56There's a bit of curiosity. I think the main thing is where the treatment goes from this point forward.
22:08We would love to go to Australia and New Zealand because my wife has relatives out there and her brothers in New Zealand.
22:18And we were sort of in the process of sorting that out when I got my cancer diagnosed.
22:25So it's all gone on the back burner.
22:26But I don't see the point of thinking too far ahead.
22:32I fully expect there to still be activity there because cancer is cancer, isn't it?
22:39Nobody thinks you've got to be cured 100%.
22:41Today, Sarah will hear the results of preclinical testing on her lung cancer vaccine.
22:57If we're able to trigger an immune reaction, it would be a really encouraging sign that we were on to something.
23:08Hello.
23:09How much do I want it? I mean, it matters more than anything.
23:16Well, I think without much ado, Zeed, we're very much looking forward to hearing the results of your preclinical testing.
23:26So I've tested the efficacy and I know if I take it during the prime response, I get very good efficacy of the vaccine.
23:36Here you can see the green cells suggesting that the vaccine can be taken by immune cells directly.
23:42But I think it's really important to actually do the actual clinical trial to see if what I'm seeing actually represents what we will see in patients.
23:52Well done. Very good. That's very exciting.
23:58The next step is for us to put together a trial package to the MHRA and they would like to see some efficacy data.
24:04Then they'll give us a clinical trial authorization, a CTA, and then we can go ahead with, you know, getting the study up and running.
24:11So we need to get on with it and get the funding. That's the next challenge.
24:16I hope I'm going to be able to get funding, but actually we haven't so far.
24:26I just put in another application to some funders. This is the third time and I'm waiting to hear whether or not we've been successful.
24:33So the next few weeks are going to be a little bit stressful.
24:36Science is always like this, unfortunately. You know, you have to, there's no guarantee of funding. You've got to just keep on going.
24:43The success of the vaccine depends on something crucial. Understanding the earliest stages of cancer's development.
25:01Another area of Sarah's research looks for key insight about how tumours start.
25:06The Millie study is focused on people with a condition called Lee-Fraumeni syndrome.
25:13Most have inherited a mutation in one of their genes that means that they have a 90% risk of developing cancer.
25:23And so we're sort of testing an intervention in that group.
25:27This study is very important for us because it teaches us about how cancer starts.
25:33It will help us design interventions like vaccines that we can then give to communities such as people at high cancer risk like those with Lee-Fraumeni syndrome.
25:45But can also be used in a sort of broader context to protect the general population against cancer in the future.
25:51200 people with Lee-Fraumeni syndrome are being recruited to the study. One of them hoping to join is Ella.
26:02When I was nine months old, I wasn't eating. I was crying all the time. And my mum just couldn't work out what was wrong with me.
26:10And the doctors told my mum that she was just being a first time mum, she was just worrying.
26:19But my mum was so persistent that eventually I had an ultrasound scan and it was filled with a tennis ball sized tumour on my adrenal glands.
26:28This is the scar I've had since I was nine months old.
26:33Just because of the size of it and because of how small I was, they had to make a very large incision.
26:41I was literally cut in half and as I got older and I've grown, the scar has just grown with my body.
26:47When I was a teenager, I always wished I didn't have it and wondered what I'd look like without it.
26:54Obviously young girls wear crop tops and when I got my belly button pierced, I thought it would look nice, but obviously I look different to everyone else.
27:02But I'm used to it now. It's a representation of what my body's been through and how strong it is.
27:08I've had this my whole life and it's the only way I've ever known my body to look.
27:11Somebody with Lee Fraumini is at risk of cancer at any time in their life and many will have their first cancer diagnosis before the age of 30.
27:25And then will continue to have cancer diagnoses all the way through their life.
27:30And you're in a constant state of vigilance, really frightened that any day now you might get your next cancer.
27:36When I got diagnosed with breast cancer, I had six rounds of chemotherapy and there was then a discussion whether I should have radiotherapy or not.
27:46I had the double mastectomy in December 2022 and I had my nipples removed in April 2024.
27:53And the mastectomy scar goes all the way under from here to here and then down the front here.
28:02A lot of patients with Lee Fraumini syndrome have been told that it's basically a death sentence and you are just awaiting for cancer at any given moment.
28:21Hope is everything. If you don't have hope, then what are you fighting for? Hope is what keeps me going. Every day I wake up and I think that today's a fresh start. A day to try something new, I guess.
28:36When you think about designing a prevention trial, you need to show that your intervention is working and that is hard. It's really hard. You're waiting for a lack of cancer.
28:54Hello. Hi. Hi Ella. Thank you very much for coming. Thank you. Come on in.
28:59I've had all these surgeries and they've not even been for preventative measures.
29:04They say have a preventative mastectomy, have a preventative hysterectomy.
29:08I've not had any preventative procedures yet. I've still had five major surgeries.
29:13So it's not about just taking bits out of my body. It's about what we can do to stop having any surgeries at all to stop the cancers from ever happening.
29:24Right now, I don't think my body can take any more.
29:27At Oxford's Churchill Hospital, Professor Sarah Blagdon is recruiting participants for a trial, which may give clues about how cancer starts.
29:53Ella has Lee-Fraumeni syndrome, a G mutation that raises her risk of developing the disease.
30:02The Lee-Fraumeni community was very underserved. And they have an aberrantly high risk of cancer.
30:10So they don't follow the same trajectory as normal cancers. And they can't have certain treatments that others can have. And that just seems wrong. You know, why are we allowing such a high risk community to have, you know, not test anything in them? Why are we letting that happen?
30:31What Sarah learns from this study will help to design new vaccines to prevent cancer, not only in people like Ella, but also the rest of the population.
30:41We know that Lee-Fraumeni is caused by a mutation in the p53 gene. Imagine your cells as a kind of factory.
30:51P53 is like the safety manager. If anything happens that's abnormal in the cell, the role of p53 is to stop everything, pause everything, correct whatever's going wrong, and then allow the cell to start up again.
31:06If it's a situation where whatever's going on in the cell isn't repairable, then p53's job is to get rid of the cell altogether.
31:17If you have a mutation in p53, the risk of cancer goes up.
31:23So there was some research carried out in the States trying to understand exactly what happens in the cells of someone with LFS.
31:31And one area that keeps coming up is the mitochondria.
31:36Our mitochondria are tiny structures within our cells that are like miniature boilers.
31:44They convert our food into energy, which then really powers our entire body.
31:50And in people with Lee-Fraumeni syndrome, mitochondria are thought to be overactive.
31:57And a byproduct of that is that the cells become damaged as the boiler itself is damaged, making them much more prone to cancer.
32:06Studies have shown that an existing diabetes drug called metformin works by turning down that boiler and therefore protecting the cells from becoming damaged.
32:18And this, we hope, will prevent cancer from starting.
32:22And from that, I want to start thinking about developing a more targeted drug instead of metformin or that could be used in addition to metformin.
32:32And after the study, how long until a drug is developed, that can mean LFS patients have access to it?
32:40Yeah, I mean, it depends what we find. It could be that there is an agent that's already out there that we can repurpose.
32:47Or we could, for example, develop something bespoke like a vaccine that you could give.
32:51And, you know, we can turn that around fairly quickly with today's technologies.
32:56So hopefully within my young lifetime?
33:00I'm hoping.
33:05The information we get from that study is relevant for people beyond that heightened risk population.
33:11It's lovely to meet you. Thank you so much.
33:14Because this gene also misbehaves in other cancers as well and actually makes them much more aggressive.
33:22So it's really helpful for us to understand how and why that happens.
33:25I think when you see someone like Ella having to sort of have these very serious thoughts and conversations with doctors about her chance of going just through to the next year without cancer and having to sort of think about that every day.
33:43It's very humbling. And it's also very shocking.
33:47And it just it surprises me that more hasn't been done in the past to help that community.
33:52And from that community, we'll find the answers that will be important for everyone else.
33:58So it makes total sense to work in that group and try and help them.
34:04I do really think that.
34:09I just cannot imagine abandoning them at this point.
34:13Around 130 people in the UK are diagnosed with lung cancer every day.
34:29Sarah has an idea under consideration to trial the world's first vaccine to prevent it.
34:34It's great to have the idea, but it's actually seeing it through. That's that that's the painful bit.
34:41And we still don't know that we've actually got funding, which feels very scary.
34:50Sarah recently had a funding application refused.
34:52I just felt completely traumatized about it.
34:57I feel like there is this kind of meteorite that's landing on Earth every day that's killing people.
35:05And I feel like we've just watched it fall.
35:07Yeah, I just felt beside myself. I just thought I cannot, I cannot let this happen.
35:13I mean, funding is vitally important. Yeah, because without that, we can't pay people to do the research.
35:22We can't buy the equipment that we need. We can't pay to do the analysis we need to do.
35:27We can't manufacture a vaccine. We can't fund a clinical trial.
35:32I think if we don't get funding, then I think the momentum would be lost.
35:37We are desperate to get the study going so that one day in the future everybody can get the vaccine.
35:53My tree? Your tree?
35:56I used to sit up there for hours on end, just watching everything.
36:02Cancer is not only a professional challenge, but it's also a personal one.
36:08Mum was recently diagnosed with breast cancer, but fortunately quite an early stage.
36:16OK, so what are you taking? Let's have a look.
36:19I'm taking those. Different ones for morning and different ones for evening.
36:23OK, so those are your blood thinning agents.
36:26I think, to some extent, it does give you a different perspective when you're kind of on the other side.
36:32This one's got to be taken, one to be taken each day, so I take that in the morning.
36:37So that's the breast cancer tablet. Oh, right.
36:40As she's seeing somebody at home, on their own, really trying to understand which of their medicines they need to take, it does cast it in a different light.
36:49So what's the plan?
36:52Well, I think it's the 16th.
36:54You're having the operation?
36:55In the afternoon. Yeah.
36:56To something or other.
36:57I think it's in my diary, so I'm going to come and join you.
36:59Right.
37:00So you're having day surgery and they're going to take out the nodule?
37:03Yes.
37:07She's widowed.
37:08I think it would be a horrible time to get, you know, to get a really advanced cancer.
37:12I think it would be really hard.
37:19Four weeks ago, Sarah submitted her latest funding application for the lung cancer vaccine.
37:25We really want to make sure that we're describing the project, describing the overall, our overall ambition to, um, hold, oh, hey.
37:42I've just got the, I've just got the, let me have a look, I think this is the email, the funding.
37:47Okay.
37:49It is.
37:51Ah!
37:53Okay.
37:54Right.
37:55Please see the attached feedback from your recent submission.
38:00Your application for the above study was recently considered.
38:04And I'm pleased to inform you that it was recommended for support.
38:16Actually, that's an Ida. Hold on.
38:20Zee?
38:22Hi.
38:24It's Zee.
38:26Zee, just quickly to tell you, uh, we've got the official funding letter.
38:29We have, we have been funded. So congratulations.
38:31Oh, well done, thank you.
38:32Oh, well done, thank you.
38:33Well done, you.
38:34Yeah.
38:35I'll speak to you later.
38:36Thank you.
38:37Okay, bye-bye.
38:38Okay, bye.
38:39Bye.
38:40Oh, my God.
38:41I can't believe it.
38:42That is such, that's massive.
38:50It's a green light.
38:51We know that we can actually start designing the study.
38:53And if we show that it's beneficial, then the sky's the limit.
38:57We can, we can just keep designing, you know, using similar approaches to prevent other cancers.
39:03I mean, this is a really important, I think this is a really important kind of pivot point in what we're doing.
39:10When Trevor's skin cancer spread to his liver in 2022, he was given just 12 months to live.
39:27Today, he's at Churchill Hospital in Oxford for the results of a scan that will show just how active his tumours are.
39:46Ah, good afternoon, here and again. How are you doing?
39:51How are you?
39:52All right.
39:53You're doing 17, sir.
39:5417.
39:5517.
39:56Okay, lovely.
39:57Thank you very much.
39:59Fair to say I know my way around, you know.
40:02You get to know everybody.
40:05And I see a lot of staff come and go.
40:08Lot of patients come and go as well.
40:11Fortunately in some cases, unfortunately in other cases.
40:16We are about to see Trevor, and he has been on our study where he's had immunotherapy in combination with a
40:24targeted drug for two years.
40:27He's got metastatic melanoma, and so he has got about 10 deposits of cancer in his liver.
40:34So, a couple of weeks ago he had a PET scan, and my question was, are we still measuring active disease, or is this just the remnants, the remains of where his cancer was?
40:45The positive result will be all the cancers dead and inactive, but realistically I'm not expecting that.
40:52We're waiting to see.
40:53We're waiting to see.
40:54It is...
40:55I'm not jumping the gun and looking ahead.
41:00A major part of the job of an oncologist is giving results to our patients.
41:07I think sometimes you can just see someone is just desperate just to know and be told things very clearly, and you don't want to extend their misery.
41:18You don't want to drag it out.
41:20Knock, knock.
41:24Hello.
41:25Hello.
41:26Hi.
41:27Good afternoon.
41:28Right, I'm just bringing this trolley in.
41:29Yeah.
41:30Hope you don't mind.
41:31It's my imaging station.
41:32No, it would be a good idea.
41:34Great.
41:35Okay.
41:36So the reason we did the PET scan was to see whether there was any active tumour cells in there, and your scan shows no active disease.
41:47Was in nothing.
41:48That's right.
41:49Each lesion is clear.
41:51Erm.
41:52Oh, yeah.
41:53I'm sorry.
41:54I've...
41:55Yes.
41:56I'm sorry.
41:57No, don't worry.
42:00I'm sorry.
42:05No, don't worry.
42:08Yes, yes.
42:23Shocked, obviously.
42:26Because I wouldn't, er...
42:29No, my wildest dreams I would have expected that.
42:33Not at all.
42:34There was an intake of breath at the meeting this morning about it.
42:38Really?
42:38Yeah.
42:39So that means that we can stop the treatment.
42:44Well, yes.
42:45Yes.
42:49So I can just go home and that's it then.
42:51So you can go home and have your life back.
42:53Yeah, maybe we can organise our trip to Australia now.
42:56Yeah.
42:56New Zealand, but yes.
42:58So you can safely say you're in remission.
43:01Obviously we don't want to say the word cure because we don't really know.
43:03No, I understand that.
43:05But I think, you know, this is as good or better than we could ever have expected.
43:11Lovely.
43:12Thank you very much for that.
43:13Worth the junior.
43:16When a patient like Trevor demonstrates that a treatment is working, it is so powerful because he's demonstrated that people with this disease have the potential to benefit from the treatment.
43:30And that opens so many doors for other patients with the same condition.
43:33It's a bit of a hit when you're told you've got cancer and you could have, you know, 12 months to live.
43:41So, you know, that's always in the back of your mind, even though you're feeling great and whatever.
43:45So it would be really nice now that I can forget about that.
43:49Oh, I spent some hours sat in this seat, having treatment.
43:55So now I can move on and enjoy life and enjoy retirement.
44:03I've just been giving it all clear.
44:04Oh, my God.
44:05Thank you very much.
44:07Yes, thank you.
44:09Probably never be back.
44:11That's what?
44:11No.
44:11Yes, there were.
44:13Well, that's really lovely news.
44:24It's three years since Sarah first had the idea for her lung cancer vaccine.
44:29And so today is an important step towards finally delivering it to the public.
44:34I think to be able to see and hold the vaccine, for me, will be a very pivotal moment in my career.
44:45Hello.
44:46And to actually have tangible evidence that we can deliver something is going to be extraordinary.
44:56Wow.
44:57This is the world's first lung cancer prevention vaccine.
45:03I can't quite believe it.
45:07It's like my third baby.
45:09Well, I just hope that we can get this out as quickly as possible to benefit as many people as possible,
45:18not just in the UK, but around the world.
45:21I mean, this could be the way that cancer is prevented.
45:24Well once again, we're going to have a picture.
45:40But I think it's just so important to me.
45:47¡Gracias por ver el video!
46:17¡Gracias por ver el video!
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