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00:00En Ask This Old House,
00:07our experts travel across the country
00:09to answer questions about your house.
00:18Today,
00:19does your furniture have water stains?
00:21Tommy gives a few tips
00:23on ways to remove them.
00:24Look at that, huh?
00:26Then, Jen discusses the importance
00:28of soil selection
00:29when choosing houseplants.
00:32And,
00:33Mark helps a homeowner
00:35repoint their brick floor.
00:37You can see water got in
00:39and eroded it.
00:40All that
00:41on Ask This Old House.
00:49Uh-oh, Tommy.
00:50I didn't do it.
00:51Did you leave a wet glass on the table?
00:53Somebody did it.
00:54It was either a hot cup of coffee
00:56or a glass that was all sweating with water.
01:00Somebody does it a million times a day.
01:02A big problem.
01:03It's amazing.
01:03Please tell me you've got some, like,
01:04Tommy magic that's going to make these disappear
01:06before you get in trouble.
01:08There's no magic way to make it totally disappear
01:10unless you're going to refinish the top.
01:12Right.
01:12In other words,
01:13it could get it completely gone
01:14or it'd just make a big difference.
01:16Okay.
01:17And this one here is first solution.
01:19This is actually vinegar.
01:21Really?
01:21Yeah.
01:22And you'd take the vinegar
01:22and you'd actually put it right on the stain.
01:25Oh, it just made me wince.
01:26Vinegar?
01:27Yeah.
01:28I think a vinegar's aggressive.
01:29Like, I use it outside
01:30to kind of get mildew off my bulkhead
01:33and I even kill weeds with it.
01:34You're putting it on grandma's table?
01:36Yeah.
01:36I mean, it is very aggressive
01:38and you're right.
01:39It does work great on weeds
01:40and stuff like that.
01:41The idea is to put it on the stain
01:44and then just let it sit there a little bit
01:46and you don't want to sit there too long, I guess.
01:50Vinegar is great for removing minerals.
01:52So a water stain,
01:53it actually leaves some deposits of minerals behind?
01:57Yeah.
01:57It'll go after the water stain that was left.
02:01Right.
02:02I think it's removed.
02:03It's like it faded a little bit.
02:04I feel like it's better.
02:06Yeah.
02:07And then to blend the finish back in,
02:10take some olive oil
02:11and put a little bit of olive oil on there.
02:15Wait a second.
02:15So vinegar and olive oil is your solution.
02:18You're making a salad here, Pops?
02:19It's going to be like a salad, yeah.
02:20What's the deal with the olive oil?
02:22Well, the olive oil is basically
02:24to replace the finish.
02:26It should blend it in.
02:28Oh, like literally like a...
02:30Give it a glass.
02:31Oh, my gosh.
02:33But that's a big difference right there.
02:34That's like 90% better.
02:36Grandma's going to be happy.
02:37Yeah.
02:39All right.
02:40So there's one.
02:41I think it worked pretty good.
02:42Yeah.
02:43All right.
02:44All right.
02:45So a little bit more aggressive here.
02:46Another circular stain.
02:47Yeah, we're definitely going to be a little more aggressive.
02:50This is one part water and two parts baking soda.
02:55Put it together and we'll mix it up.
02:57I've seen this trick used on like stone.
03:01What is the idea here?
03:04You know, when I think of it on a stone,
03:05I think of it as sort of like almost absorbing it.
03:08What do you think is going on here?
03:10Well, I think the baking soda is basically like a fine stone.
03:14So it can be a little aggressive.
03:16And the water, I think it's just getting into the stain itself,
03:20allowing everything to soak together.
03:23So a bit of an abrasive, a bit of an absorbent.
03:26Yeah.
03:26And so we let that set for a couple of minutes.
03:29Okay.
03:29I'll take that cup from you.
03:31All right.
03:31And another one that a lot of people use.
03:35That's pretty aggressive right there.
03:36Big, wide.
03:38Is we'll take a cotton rag.
03:41We'll set it on top of the stain.
03:44We'll take a hot iron.
03:45Oh.
03:47All right.
03:47We want to make sure the iron is hot.
03:50We don't want it to be too hot.
03:52So we want to heat it up.
03:56Do you know what the original finish was?
03:59I mean, obviously someone painted it.
04:00This looks like a lacquer.
04:02It feels like a lacquer.
04:03Lacquer on top of stain?
04:05Lacquer on top of...
04:05Yeah.
04:06They probably stained it.
04:07And then there's a lacquer.
04:09Lacquer is a pretty common finish.
04:11We've got to get it hot.
04:12But we don't want to overheat it.
04:13Because we don't want to melt the lacquer.
04:16These are tricks, I presume,
04:18when you've got a film finish on top,
04:20as opposed to like a bare wood.
04:22Yeah.
04:22Now, I don't think this would work
04:24if you used a water-based finish.
04:26Right.
04:27But your oil bases or your lacquer base
04:30would probably work pretty good.
04:34Wow, that's really working.
04:35Slowly working.
04:36So let it sit.
04:38And now I'm going to take a clean rag
04:39and we're going to rub this around,
04:41see how this is working out.
04:42Can I iron while you do that?
04:44Yeah.
04:44Or do you think this has gone far enough?
04:46Yeah, I think you should iron it a little bit.
04:48Just don't get it hot, hot.
04:51I'm going to leave this paste there.
04:53I can still see that the ring is here on this.
04:56The goal probably is not perfection
04:58to make them disappear.
04:59That might be too much to ask
05:00without completely refinishing it.
05:01Well, you'd like to remove as much as possible,
05:04but can you get it all away?
05:06You're dealing with the finish
05:08that has been damaged a little bit
05:10from the water or the hot coffee
05:12or tea or whatever it is.
05:14And then you're trying to replace it a little bit.
05:17Right.
05:17Or blend it.
05:18So this is dramatically diminished, actually.
05:24Yeah.
05:26Check that out.
05:27Mine's almost gone, too.
05:29Yeah.
05:29You notice we also dulled the finish
05:31a little bit right here.
05:33So what are you going to do about the dulled?
05:34Well, I'm going to put some furniture polish on mine,
05:36see how that works.
05:38Can I tap mine with a little bit of olive oil?
05:40Absolutely.
05:42Let's see what happens here.
05:44Oh, my gosh.
05:46Oh, that's a big difference over there.
05:48Grandma's never going to know.
05:50Look at this.
05:51We are totally getting away with this.
05:53Look at that, huh?
05:55Oh, look at yours.
05:58Yep.
06:00Almost perfection.
06:01Not quite, but almost perfection.
06:03A lot better than it was.
06:04A lot better than it was.
06:06Ooh.
06:07Ooh.
06:07Ooh.
06:07Ooh.
06:08Ooh.
06:08Ooh.
06:08Ooh.
06:09Ooh.
06:09Ooh.
06:10Ooh.
06:10Ooh.
06:10Ooh.
06:11Ooh.
06:11Ooh.
06:12Ooh.
06:12Ooh.
06:12Ooh.
06:12Ooh.
06:13Ooh.
06:14Ooh.
06:14Ooh.
06:15Ooh.
06:16Ooh.
06:16Ooh.
06:16Ooh.
06:17Ooh.
06:18Ooh.
06:21Hey, Jen.
06:22Hey, Kevin.
06:23I love it when you bring me inside, especially to places as beautiful as this.
06:26I know.
06:27We're here today because I get so many questions on how to take care of houseplants, right?
06:31Put me on the list.
06:32Well, number one, I think one of the most important things is soil, the soil medium that each different
06:38houseplant is mixed in.
06:39So I shouldn't just take a shovel full of something outside and put it for my houseplants?
06:43No.
06:43They really want to mimic their natural environment where they are outside in this world.
06:48All right.
06:48So now bringing it into the indoors, we have three different categories.
06:52We have epiphytes, aeroids, cactus, and succulents, right?
06:56I've heard of those.
06:57I have no idea what these are.
06:58What's an epiphyte?
06:59So an epiphyte is a plant that lives on another plant.
07:03It has a symbiotic relationship.
07:05It's not a parasite.
07:06So this is a common one.
07:08It's an orchid.
07:09See the roots, right?
07:10They're just hanging out there.
07:11Yeah.
07:11So if you could picture it growing on a tree, they're going to wrap themselves around any
07:16kind of chunky material.
07:17And so you want to recreate that indoors.
07:20And the soil medium that you would use for that, they really appreciate a chunky mix,
07:24right?
07:25Check that out.
07:26That's sphagnum moss.
07:27Oh, yeah.
07:28Bulky, but very light.
07:29Yep.
07:30This is called perlite.
07:31Oh, yeah.
07:32I'm used to seeing it smaller, but same idea.
07:33Right.
07:34Larger chunks just promote air circulation within the soil and great drainage.
07:39And this is all from coconut husk, right?
07:41Mm-hmm.
07:42So these plants go in here, and then they're going to love that environment.
07:46When you water them, it gets enough water, holds onto it, but it doesn't have standing
07:51water.
07:52So you want to make sure that these can drain whatever water you put on them.
07:54Exactly.
07:55All right.
07:56So here for fertilizer, we have, it's a water-soluble fertilizer, but this one you
08:01apply just the drops directly onto the plant and just read the package according to the
08:05pot size.
08:06So you're not actually diluting this with regular water.
08:08You're just going to put it right to them.
08:10Correct.
08:11And then you'll be able to get your feeding scheduled by the instructions they give you.
08:14Okay.
08:16Aeroids?
08:17Aeroids.
08:18What's an aeroid?
08:19Four.
08:20Very common houseplant.
08:21This is called Allocasia.
08:22This one is called Anthurium.
08:24They're generally a more leafy plant, very common.
08:27There's also pothos, there's figs.
08:30They're determined by the spadex, right?
08:33So this is the flower that comes out in the plant.
08:36But they require a little different mix.
08:39They need more organic material.
08:42So when you say organic, this looks more like dirt.
08:44I know you guys don't call it that.
08:46Yes.
08:47But that's the soil, more traditional looking.
08:48Exactamente.
08:49¿Qué es la otra cosa?
08:50La blanca es charcoal.
08:52Así que, volumen, pero muy lighto ahí.
08:55Sí, crea un espacio, un void, y un perlite.
08:59Este es más de la tamaño que yo me he visto en ese tipo de planta.
09:03Así que esto es muy apropiado para este tipo de planta.
09:05Una popular cosa para añadir a la tierra.
09:07Podemos crear tu propio mix, o puedes añadir estas cosas como leca balls.
09:12Oh, wow.
09:13También son muy light.
09:14Sí, son madees de clay.
09:16Es como un balón para plantas.
09:17Pero they add air into the soil.
09:20This make bigger voids, so you're not going to have a wet, wet environment.
09:25Y luego tienes diferentes fertilizers for these.
09:27So, water-soluble.
09:29This one you add to water, so there's a mixture like ten to one.
09:32Just read the package, look at the size of your plant,
09:35and then you get your recipe.
09:37And what are these?
09:38This is a slow-release fertilizer.
09:40Check the package amount.
09:41If you put a teaspoon on, you sprinkle it around the plants,
09:44and over time it dissipates and breaks.
09:46Either or.
09:47Exactamente, either or.
09:48All right, so succulent cacti,
09:51I think of these often as kind of bulletproof
09:53because they don't die when I don't water them.
09:55Yes, these are good plants for you.
09:58So this is a prickly pear cactus.
10:00This is called an echevaria.
10:01It's a very popular succulent.
10:05They, think of where they grow in the desert, right?
10:08They want to have well-drained soil,
10:09but they like sandy soil.
10:11See the difference?
10:12Oh, yeah.
10:14Oh, yeah, very fine.
10:15And it's dark color, but it feels like sand.
10:17It doesn't quite look like it, but it feels like sand.
10:19And so it'll capture the water,
10:20but it'll also run right through
10:22so it's not in standing water.
10:23And then this is perlite.
10:25Okay.
10:25And then we also have the coconut.
10:27So it just adds different textures
10:29and the roots grab on and around.
10:31And so succulents, they store their water in their leaves
10:34so you don't have to water them as often as the others.
10:37And what are they doing here?
10:38Is this a concentrate or is this direct add?
10:40This you mix, again, just like the aeroids,
10:42you mix this with water and then follow the content,
10:45the recipe on the package.
10:47Okay.
10:47And then, yeah.
10:48So a lot of beautiful choices,
10:49and each one of these categories has probably got,
10:51you know, an infinite number of plants.
10:53It starts with the soil.
10:54Get that right.
10:55If you start with the soil, you're on a good start.
10:57Next step, you determine light.
10:59Okay.
10:59But that's a whole other thing.
11:01Well, bring me back.
11:02Let's talk about that too.
11:03All right.
11:03Sounds good.
11:04Thanks, Jen.
11:04Hey, Joe.
11:10Mark.
11:11Thanks for coming.
11:12All right.
11:12Thanks for having me out.
11:13So you wrote me about a breezeway, correct?
11:15I did.
11:16It's right here.
11:16All right.
11:16Some mortar joints are loose.
11:18Yeah.
11:18It needs a lot of work, I think.
11:19Okay.
11:21All right, Mark.
11:22All right.
11:22Here it is.
11:23Here's the patient.
11:24Okay.
11:26Yeah.
11:26So as you can see, we've lost a lot of mortar.
11:29Right.
11:29You know, it's very soft.
11:31And then there's holes.
11:31These, we had screens on at one point.
11:35And so you can see water got in and eroded it.
11:39Right.
11:40It's so soft that I swept up a bunch of stuff over time.
11:45And you can see that it's just a clump of sand.
11:48Yeah.
11:49So in my experience, this happens when you don't properly wet the surrounding brick before applying the mortar.
11:54If you skip that step, the moisture gets sucked out of the mortar as it dries, and you're left with what we call dusty mortar.
12:01I do see all the problems.
12:03And the good news is, Joe, that we can fix them all.
12:06We're going to use a method that we call spot pointing.
12:09I think the floor is in really good shape in a general sense.
12:13You can see the depth in this course right here is really low.
12:15We're going to fix that.
12:17You can see the discoloration and the patchwork that someone also tried to do.
12:21Right.
12:22We're going to be able to match the joints perfectly.
12:24And everything is going to look seamless.
12:26Oh, I can't wait.
12:27All right.
12:28Why don't we get going?
12:29All right.
12:29All right.
12:29Let's go.
12:34All right, Joe.
12:35So the first thing we're going to want to do is remove the unmatched material.
12:40We're going to want to deepen these joints right here.
12:43You can see this area that we have right here.
12:45This is what we're going to try to mimic.
12:47I always tell people when in Rome, be a Roman, right?
12:51So you can see the finish on this joint.
12:53We're going to mimic that.
12:54But more importantly, we're going to mimic the depth.
12:57So you can see how this mortar comes right up on the edge of these bricks.
13:01That's what we're going to want to do in this area as well.
13:03So we're going to get started with a hammer and a chisel.
13:06If we do need a grinder, we have one in the truck.
13:08We'll use that.
13:09But again, as you pointed out, these joints are soft enough where I think we're going to be able to use a hammer and a chisel.
13:14Okay.
13:15Let's start chipping out this old mortar.
13:18Joe, as we're doing this, one of the most important things is we want you to stay off the edge of that brick with your chisel.
13:24Just like this, you sneak it in.
13:26Hammer.
13:29You can see that the mortar is really soft.
13:31So, Mark, I just have a question.
13:59Sure.
14:00How far should I go?
14:03I don't want to go too far.
14:04So you don't want to go too deep, but you want to go at least three quarters of an inch.
14:08That's standard for repointing.
14:10If you can get down an inch, I like it more because the mortar just becomes stronger that we put in.
14:18Another thing I want to point out, Joe, is you're in that perfect spot right there.
14:23We could spot point that, but it is a little bit too big for a spot point.
14:26So what I do in that instance is I go at least the width of the brick.
14:30So I go from here to here, and then when we put the patch in, it's going to be less noticeable.
14:36Perfect.
14:36And I'm going to do that as well.
14:45Okay, let's clean up the dust with that vac, and then we'll use a wet brush.
14:48Okay.
14:56No one can vacuum like me, man.
14:58No one.
14:59No one, Joe.
15:00You're the best I've seen.
15:01You can push it with the broom once I have enough.
15:07Now, what we're doing now, Joe, is we're cleaning the dust off of these masonry joints in brick.
15:15Very important for bonding.
15:19But the other thing, this is a step that they skipped the first time around.
15:23So if we don't dampen the brick, it's going to suck the water out of the mortar, and that's what made it so brittle to begin with.
15:29It is really sucking it up.
15:31It's really sucking it up, so you can see what I'm talking about.
15:34Yep.
15:39Oh, this was, we call this thirsty mortar, Joe.
15:43Indeed.
15:44It is thirsty.
15:47All right, so Joe, before we apply the mortar back into the joints, I want to just show you what we have, okay?
15:54This is Portland cement.
15:55All Portland cement mixed with sand will make a type S or a type N, which is what we have in front of us.
16:02The lighter color is type N.
16:04The darker color is type S.
16:06Type S, think strength.
16:08So elevator shafts, stair shafts, retaining wall, foundation.
16:12Type N is what we strictly use for brick work.
16:16It gives a little bit of movability to the brick because everything's a natural material, don't forget.
16:20Sounds good to me.
16:21Yep.
16:22Looks like it's going to be a good match.
16:23Yeah, yeah.
16:24And you'll see once we get it wet, we'll do a little comparison and we'll make sure.
16:28But I think that's the one we should use.
16:30That's great.
16:30Let's get going.
16:31So, Joe, we have our type N mortar mixed and ready to go.
16:37I do want to add one more element.
16:39This is called bonding agent.
16:45And I just spread it out like this in my tub.
16:48This is one bag of type N and we just use eight ounces of bonding agent.
16:54So, if you want to grab your trowel right there, Joe, all we need you to do is just spin it into the mix.
17:06That's it.
17:07And you know you're done when you don't see it anymore.
17:12Why are we putting the bonding agent in?
17:14I like to use, and especially on repair jobs, it helps bond to the existing mortar and it also helps bond to the brick.
17:21Hence the name, bonding agent.
17:24And it seems to be mixed in, Joe.
17:27Watch what I do in this tub, Joe.
17:28You see how I'm spreading this out?
17:31Thank you.
17:31Because I'm going to make a grab.
17:34This is the first joint that I'm going to go for.
17:36So, I'm going to estimate what I'm going to take out of the tub and put it on my trowel just like that.
17:42But I want to get deep and shake it.
17:46The most important thing right now, Joe, is to make sure when you fill these joints, we're going as neat as possible.
17:54Yeah, and if anything is to get on a brick, like when I do it, you just want to, what, get it off with a rag or something?
18:03No, we're going to let it sit because we're going to come back with a sponge when we're all done.
18:08And we're going to clean it up.
18:13We're going to want to come back with our flat joiner.
18:16That's what this is.
18:18And they're made to really, really press the new mortar into existing.
18:22And you can see me wiggle it just a little bit, Joe.
18:25I like to do that to make sure I'm making a connection with the old and new mortar.
18:33And you can see that between these brick, it became a little tight.
18:37Yep.
18:37So, that's when I'm going to rotate my flat joiner.
18:40And I'm going to make sure I push the new mortar right down into the existing.
18:52Okay, Joe, so now we're taking the heavy stuff off.
19:12Let's get all this into a pile.
19:24Now, Joe, one of the things that's going to help us mimic existing is me taking a little bit off the edge of each brick to expose it because that's what we have as existing.
19:36And you're going to see in one minute when we start the sponging, you're going to see what it does.
19:45It's like being a sculptor.
19:47It kind of is, you know.
19:49So, okay, Joe, we're getting to the part where we're going to use the sponge.
19:53And what that does for us is strictly aesthetics.
19:56And it pulls the aggregate out of the mortar and exposes it.
20:00And, again, that's what we have for existing.
20:02We take the cream off the top of the joint.
20:05I see.
20:06And that leaves us the sand.
20:13This is fantastic.
20:15Looks great.
20:16All right.
20:16So, I think we did enough here.
20:19Yeah, I thought we were done, but I see you still have some stuff in your hand.
20:23So, I'm going to leave you with a little bit of homework.
20:25With the two open ends, when you have the screens on, weather can come inside.
20:30This sealer is going to help you waterproof these two areas.
20:33But I think most importantly is the fact that some of the sand still comes up.
20:37So, once we apply the sealer, all that goes away.
20:41So, if we get down in this area right here, Joe, which is dry,
20:45the reason we can't do the rest of the floor today is because it's wet.
20:48But I'm going to show you in this little area.
20:51We're going to use this water-based sealer.
20:53Very simply unscrew the cap.
20:59Pour it into a regular paint dish.
21:05That's plenty.
21:07Regular paintbrush.
21:09I like to saturate that brush, Joe.
21:16And then, I always do my joints first because you'll see that that mortar, which again is dry,
21:25really, really sucks up the product.
21:27But this is how simple it is, Joe.
21:28I can handle simple.
21:31Yeah.
21:31You know, it's got a little blue tint to it.
21:34I mean, as it goes on.
21:35Yes.
21:35It's kind of interesting.
21:35Right.
21:36And it's completely transparent, 100% invisible.
21:39Yeah.
21:40So, as it dries, all of that goes away.
21:44And as I said, I'm going to let this sit just a tad.
21:49And because this is a floor, Joe, I'm going to ask you to do two coats right off the bat.
22:01And do you let it dry to a certain extent between, or you just go right at it?
22:05Yeah, I would probably wait 24 hours before the second coat.
22:10I have a lot of confidence in you, Joe.
22:15So, I'm going to hand it right off to you.
22:16Woo.
22:17Let you finish up.
22:18Yeah.
22:19Yeah.
22:19But I think you're ready.
22:20So, remember, have a good time with it.
22:23And it's going to come out great.
22:25I can't thank you.
22:26My pleasure to be here, man.
22:27Thank you.
22:28Such a great job.
22:28Okay, Joe.
22:29Thank you.
22:29And if you have questions about your house, we'd love to hear from you.
22:33So, keep them coming.
22:34Until then, I'm Mark McCullough for Ask This Old House.
22:42Next time on Ask This Old House, we learn about the dangers of decibels and the importance of hearing protection when working with tools.
22:51We got some peaks up above 120 decibels.
22:55Then, it's a team effort when Richard, Heath, and Nathan help a couple relocate their laundry from the basement to the first floor.
23:02So, we'll be able to dock right onto that.
23:05And we'll just push to you.
23:06Okay.
23:07There we go.
23:08All that on Ask This Old House.
23:10We'll be back now.
23:17So, we'll be back.
23:19All that on Ask This Old House.
23:30Let's talk to you.
23:31Gracias por ver el video.
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