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00:00Women who change the world.
00:30I know I have but the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach
00:36of a king, Queen Elizabeth I.
00:39Elizabeth I was born the 7th of September, 1533, at Greenwich Palace.
00:45She was the daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.
00:49Queen Elizabeth I grew up in difficult circumstances.
00:53She was only two years old when her mother, Anne Boleyn, was beheaded on the orders of
00:58her husband and Elizabeth's father based on questionable charges of adultery and conspiracy.
01:05Elizabeth was raised much like any other royal child.
01:08She received tutoring and excelled at languages and music.
01:12After her father's death in 1547, Elizabeth spent some time under the care of her stepmother,
01:18Catherine Parr.
01:20Elizabeth was highly intelligent and extremely well-educated.
01:23Her most famous tutor was Roger Asham.
01:28By the age of 11, Elizabeth was able to speak fluently in several languages, including French,
01:34Greek, Latin, Spanish, and Welsh.
01:37Her half-sister disliked Elizabeth intensely and accused her of treason.
01:42Elizabeth was imprisoned in the Tower of London on March 18, 1554.
01:47Accused of being involved in the Wyatt Rebellion, the 19th of May, 1554, Elizabeth was released
01:54from the Tower of London, but continued to be held under house arrest at Woodstock for
02:00some time.
02:01Queen Mary I died on November 17, 1558, and Elizabeth was proclaimed Queen of England.
02:09Queen Elizabeth I's reign was sometimes referred to as the Golden Age of Elizabethan England,
02:15an era of peace and prosperity, when the arts had a chance to blossom with Elizabeth's support.
02:22Elizabeth I inherited a number of problems stirred up by Mary.
02:26The country was at war with France, which proved to be a tremendous drain on the royal coffers.
02:33There was also great tension between different religious factions after Mary worked to restore
02:38England to Roman Catholicism by any means necessary.
02:41In fact, she earned the nickname Bloody Mary for ordering the execution of 300 Protestants
02:48as heretics.
02:50Elizabeth acted swiftly to address these two pressing issues.
02:54During her first session of Parliament in 1559, she called for the passage of the Act of Supremacy,
03:01which re-established the Church of England, and the Act of Uniformity, which created a common
03:08prayer book, Elizabeth took a moderate approach to the divisive religious conflict in her country.
03:14There is one Jesus Christ, she once said.
03:17The rest is a dispute over trifles.
03:20However, Catholics did suffer religious persecution, and some were executed under her reign, though
03:27historians differ on the extent.
03:29The Roman Catholic Church took a dim view of her actions, and in 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated
03:38Elizabeth.
03:39With the assistance of her key advisor, William Cecil, Elizabeth ended the war with France.
03:45She was able to avoid clashing with the other superpower of the age, Spain, for much of her reign.
03:51Finally, in 1585, Elizabeth entered the fray to support the Protestant rebellion against
03:58Spain in the Netherlands.
04:00Spain then set its sights on England, but the English navy was able to defeat the infamous
04:05Spanish Armada in 1588.
04:08Over time, she cultivated her image as a queen married to her job and her people.
04:14For this dedication, Elizabeth earned the nickname the Virgin Queen.
04:19Her reign witnessed the emergence of great poets and playwrights, such as William Shakespeare,
04:24Edmund Spencer, Christopher Marlowe, and Sir Walter Raleigh.
04:28The reign of Queen Elizabeth saw several rebellions, from the Irish, the Rising of the North, and
04:34the Essex Rebellion, all of which she defeated.
04:38Queen Elizabeth I died on the 24th of March, 1603, of blood poisoning.
04:44She was nearly 70 years old.
04:49Women who changed the world.
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