Makin' FLAMES! The ART and SCIENCE of mixing FUEL and AIR.

Cycle World

Sounds crazy but early engines ran on "city gas," generated by roasting coal. Liquid fuels like gasoline improved our lot in Combustion Life, but there have been many experiments to get the most out of it. How close are we to perfect combustion? How do we get liquid fuel--which will not burn--to turn to vapor that will burn? So many questions that Kevin and Mark set out to answer. Let's get into the molecules, shall we?  Become a Channel Partner: https://octanemedia.co/home/become-an-advertiser/  Listen on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6CLI74xvMBFLDOC1tQaCOQ Read more from Cycle World: https://www.cycleworld.com/ Buy Cycle World Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/cycleworld

Transcript

00:00:00Hey, we're back with the Cycle World Podcast. I'm Mark Hoyer, Editor-in-Chief.

00:00:05Kevin Cameron, our technical editor, is with me.

00:00:08The producer is not on this show, so he would be tearing out what hair he has left.

00:00:15When I say our topic today is mixture preparation, fuel vapor, formation of mixture in the intake track,

00:00:26what my producer would say, not a banger topic, not the, weirdly, the TZ750, which is our most popular so far,

00:00:34or baggers. Man, that was a real crusher. Bagger racing, that worked out great.

00:00:39You guys love that, and still continues to get views and listens. We appreciate it.

00:00:45We're going to get down dirty and molecular again. It is our specialty.

00:00:51I don't know if, you know, Kevin's going to start with dinosaurs and decomposition and formations of

00:00:59carbons under pressure, underground, who knows? We can just sit here and say, welcome, Kevin.

00:01:07Where would you like to begin?

00:01:09Well, the thing is that the internal combustion engine wouldn't be possible unless it could operate

00:01:20on a fuel that lit quickly and burned quickly to a high pressure.

00:01:26And fortunately, the very first internal combustion engines, just past the middle of the 19th century,

00:01:33burned city gas. City gas was made by roasting coal, and all this gas pours off and it burns.

00:01:44And so all those wonderful, dreamy scenes of the streetlights being lit in Paris in the 19th century, city gas.

00:01:57City gas, city gas mixes with air easily, and you can ignite it.

00:02:05And people were concerned about, we'd like to make this type of engine vehicular.

00:02:16We'd like it to go places.

00:02:18We don't want it to just sit there going pack, pack, pack, pack, pack on city gas,

00:02:23because how are you going to take the gas mains with you? You can't.

00:02:27So the wonderful thing comes along.

00:02:31Wilhelm Maybach, who is always depicted as an ancient person like myself,

00:02:36but at the time of his adventuresome work, he was a hot young dude like the best of them

00:02:43in Silicon Valley in its classic times.

00:02:47So he was sure that he was going places, and he did.

00:02:55But he came up with the idea of a spray carburetor,

00:02:59which took its fuel from a constant level of fuel in a float bowl,

00:03:08which is basically the same thing as the toilet tank with the float and the valve in it.

00:03:14It maintains a constant level.

00:03:18Early liquid-fueled engines had run on the following system.

00:03:25Intake air entered a box in which was a crumpled-up shirt soaked with gasoline,

00:03:32and it went from the box to the engine's intake port.

00:03:36And by adjusting the rate at which fuel dripped onto the shirt,

00:03:41you could get the mixture sort of right, and it would sit there and go pack, pack, pack, pack,

00:03:46just like a city gas engine, except now you had a portable fuel, a liquid.

00:03:52Well, even with satisfactory means of mixing liquid fuel into rushing air,

00:04:04that is my box spray carburetor, there is the problem of mixture limits.

00:04:12And we've talked about this before.

00:04:13Mixtures that are leaner than 18 parts air to one part of fuel can't be reliably spark ignited.

00:04:25On the other end of the scale, mixtures richer than 10 parts of air to one part of fuel,

00:04:33no spark ignition.

00:04:34So the early days of mixture preparation began from with this sort of gasoline-soaked shirt

00:04:43or a series of wicks, the wick carburetor, to my box spray carburetor.

00:04:52The spray carburetor began to bring things under control.

00:04:56And early auto and motorcycle racing took place with constant speed engines.

00:05:05There was no throttle.

00:05:07It just sat there going pack, pack, pack.

00:05:10And I think that, oh, it was one of Mercedes' early mechanics-turned-car racers,

00:05:23uh, Lautenschlager, what a wonderful name.

00:05:29I've often repeated it to myself when nobody but me was listening.

00:05:33Lauten, Christian Lautenschlager.

00:05:36He's the one who said to his mechanics at some point,

00:05:41could you guys work up a system whereby we can operate the, uh, throttle valve with my foot

00:05:51rather than having to take my hands off the great big steering wheel

00:05:55that was necessary to get leverage over all the horrible bumps and potholes?

00:06:00So this was, this was an advance.

00:06:08The big problem with, uh, liquid fuels is getting them to evaporate.

00:06:14And, uh, my box spray carburetor worked by having a tube that dipped into the controlled

00:06:24level fuel in the float bowl.

00:06:26And the other end poked up into the airstream rushing toward the cylinder on the intake stroke.

00:06:33And, okay, the spray comes out and the droplets are carried along toward the engine.

00:06:42But what breaks the droplets up?

00:06:45Because what is needed is for you to have droplets that are small enough that their total surface area

00:06:53is enough to ensure that they all evaporate by the time they get to the cylinder.

00:06:58Because droplets are 100% fuel and cannot burn.

00:07:04What burns is a mixture of fuel vapor and air.

00:07:12And that's where we have to, that's the place to which we're trying to get with, uh, fuel spraying into a moving airstream.

00:07:21Well, this brings us to raindrops.

00:07:25And they've always been depicted as being these gracefully shaped things rounded on the nose with a long tapered tail.

00:07:34So, nothing could be farther from the truth.

00:07:37That's a comet.

00:07:38Yes.

00:07:39Like, like, and of course, a comet is actually just a big lump of dirty ice.

00:07:46And the tail is stuff that has been pushed off of it by solar radiation.

00:07:52So, there's, there's no tail out in space.

00:07:55It develops as the thing that's close to the sun.

00:07:58But anyway, we've got this droplet falling.

00:08:00The droplet tends to be spherical because the surface tension of the liquid is, uh, at its minimum energy position when the droplet is spherical.

00:08:11That's the smallest surface area that's possible.

00:08:14It is down to this minimum.

00:08:17Now, we let this thing fall through the atmosphere.

00:08:20The droplet formed up in a rain cloud.

00:08:22Now, it's falling naturally.

00:08:25Impact with the air as it falls flattens the bottom of the droplet.

00:08:31By impact, the top of the droplet remains rounded.

00:08:34It does not become a long streamlined tail.

00:08:38Well, and as the collision velocity between the droplet and the moving air or the moving droplet and the stationary air, as that relative velocity is raised in our experimental situation, not only does it flatten the bottom of the droplet, but it begins to make it concave.

00:08:58And eventually, the surface tension says, oh, I could convert this into a torus, like an inner tube or a donut.

00:09:11And so...

00:09:12Or a torque converter.

00:09:13Yes.

00:09:13That's what they used to call them.

00:09:14They used to call them the torus, the torque converter.

00:09:17It has that shape.

00:09:17It's the torus.

00:09:18That's right.

00:09:18It's like a, I think, in the red blood cell, shaped like that.

00:09:22Yes, it is.

00:09:23It's punched in on both sides.

00:09:24And there's a torus in certain types of nuclear power stations, a safety feature.

00:09:32Anyway, it punches through the center of the droplet.

00:09:37The surface tension pulls the droplet into this torus shape, but the airflow past the droplet is never uniform.

00:09:48Nature abhors uniformity.

00:09:51There's always a problem.

00:09:53Chaos pendulum.

00:09:53Yes.

00:09:55So now what happens is that the torus begins to oscillate and ping, it breaks up into a series of sub droplets in the form of a crown.

00:10:07And it's quite beautiful.

00:10:08There are high speed photographs of this.

00:10:10Well, if there's, if the droplets still have not accelerated up to the speed of the airflow, the sub droplets may be flattened, punched in, turned into little donuts, and broken into sub sub droplets.

00:10:26And what is this dependent upon?

00:10:29It's dependent upon the velocity of collision between the droplets and the moving air.

00:10:34Well, I got very interested in this at a point, and I pulled out my copy of Ludwig Prandtl, which is an elementary text in fluid dynamics.

00:10:56And in there is some arithmetic that allows you to relate the speed of collision, the surface tension of the fluid in the droplet.

00:11:09And it turns out that when the velocity of collision is about to become sonic, the droplet size that is produced in gasoline is around 10 microns.

00:11:26And this is a happy state because it turns out that in the curve showing how well different sized droplets will burn in a mixture of fuel vapor and air inside the cylinder, there's a sort of break in the curve at 10 microns that essentially says this, this, whatever's left will evaporate by the time it gets into the cylinder.

00:11:54Mind you, the intake port of the engine is hot, and passing through the intake valve, which is even hotter, one set of experiments showed a temperature rise of 75 degrees Fahrenheit.

00:12:09Then it gets into the hot combustion chamber.

00:12:12It's surrounded by hot metal.

00:12:13So what we're going to try to do in order to make sure that no fuel stays in the droplet form all the way through the combustion process and goes out the exhaust pipe as unburned hydrocarbons for the EPA to detect and disapprove.

00:12:33So very quickly, the carburetor designers said what we need is more velocity because if we could break up these droplets better, the operation of the vehicle would become more efficient because there wouldn't be any unburned fuel to speak of passing through.

00:12:56So they, they build a venturi, a place where the air passage narrows and then smoothly resumes its previous diameter.

00:13:06This accelerates the air and without imposing too much loss because what is lost on the way into the venturi is recovered on the way out.

00:13:19So this is, this improved fuel vaporization and it may even have allowed them to use heavier molecular weight fuel components because gasoline is not a pure substance.

00:13:36It's a mixture of, it's a mixture of hydrocarbons from quite lightweight and quite fast evaporating, volatile, all the way to quite a bit heavier hydrocarbons that are sort of lamp oil like in their evaporation behavior.

00:13:57So I remember finding a carburetor.

00:14:27secondary venturi, which in turn was getting its intake air from the high-speed primary venturi.

00:14:35So you had three stages of accelerating the airflow in order, in hope of getting such a high velocity that the droplets would all be beaten into submission and non-existence.

00:14:50Well, that would be a product of the fuel of the time as well, correct?

00:14:53Yes, yes.

00:14:53Yes, it certainly would be.

00:14:55And this is why wintertime fuel is more volatile than summertime fuel because-

00:15:03Or old gas.

00:15:04Yes, or old gas is another terrible problem.

00:15:09So-

00:15:09All the light stuff goes away and then it's like, put a lit match out and you don't do that at home.

00:15:14we don't talk about this

00:15:18Honda were working on their

00:15:23trying to automate mixture control

00:15:27and they looked at the situation

00:15:31of adding fuel to an airstream

00:15:33and they said aha

00:15:34there are three modes of fuel transport here

00:15:38one mode is fuel that evaporates

00:15:41into a vapor immediately

00:15:42these are the tiny droplets

00:15:44they evaporate very quickly

00:15:46so that's being carried along with the airstream

00:15:49as part of it

00:15:50the second part is

00:15:53fuel droplets that have not yet fully evaporated

00:15:56and they're being carried along in the airstream too

00:15:59and the third mode of transport

00:16:02was wall wash

00:16:04fuel that has attached itself

00:16:08to the inside walls of the intake pipe

00:16:11and is just sort of sliding along there

00:16:14carried by collisions with fast moving gas molecules

00:16:22air molecules

00:16:23so

00:16:24those three modes

00:16:28constantly vary

00:16:30depending upon what type of duty the engine is doing

00:16:34so those fellows had a job

00:16:36writing software

00:16:37that would predict

00:16:39okay now

00:16:40there are going to be fewer droplets

00:16:42but more wall wash

00:16:43or whatever

00:16:44well let's talk about this

00:16:45so you know

00:16:46carburetors are relying on signal

00:16:47so you're only getting fuel

00:16:50when the air is asking for it

00:16:52as the air kind of waltzes through your venturi

00:16:54and your carburetor

00:16:55so you're relying on signal

00:16:57vacuum signal from the engine

00:16:58and it's something important

00:17:01that I've learned from you over the years also

00:17:03so we're relying on signal

00:17:06from the engine for our carburetor

00:17:07to put out gasoline in a way that's good

00:17:12and it's gosh

00:17:13we can make it work pretty darn well

00:17:15you can take a four barrel

00:17:16you know automotive carburetor

00:17:18and make the primaries

00:17:20nice and lean at cruise

00:17:21but the secondaries hose it in there

00:17:23at you know 12 to 1 or something

00:17:25and you get all the power you want

00:17:26so you get fuel economy

00:17:27and we can do that now with EFI

00:17:29although mostly EFI is set to stoichiometric

00:17:32which is 14.7

00:17:33because they want to get

00:17:34as close to complete combustion as possible

00:17:37and we do that with our fuel injection

00:17:40so now we're not relying on signal

00:17:42we can just do whatever we want with fuel

00:17:43however

00:17:45I mean yeah we have 10 hole

00:17:4712 hole injectors

00:17:48we're pressurizing the fuel

00:17:50usually to 2 to 3 bar

00:17:51which is like 43.5 to 58 psi

00:17:54so you got all this pressure

00:17:56and that's like bang

00:17:57and you're just shooting stuff out

00:17:59so you're already atomizing

00:18:00a lot of the fuel

00:18:01and you're making it small

00:18:02but then no matter what

00:18:04sometimes the fuel drops

00:18:06could come back together

00:18:07if they're shot in at a velocity

00:18:09that's moving the same speed as the air

00:18:12you may not get

00:18:14there's no relative velocity

00:18:15no droplet breakup

00:18:16you wouldn't get droplet breakup

00:18:18then if you're behind

00:18:20if your throttle valve's way over here

00:18:23and you're in this chamber

00:18:24heading to the intake valve

00:18:27the relative pressure of that chamber

00:18:30will change

00:18:31you would have a high vacuum condition

00:18:33when the throttle is relatively closed

00:18:35so at cruise

00:18:36you're injecting into

00:18:38essentially more of a vacuum

00:18:39which is encouraging the fuel

00:18:41that is available

00:18:41that's being shot in there

00:18:43to break apart more

00:18:44yep

00:18:45and on a carburetor

00:18:47you would notice this

00:18:48on a cold carbureted engine

00:18:49that's somewhere in the warm up phase

00:18:51where it's running pretty good

00:18:53and then you crack the throttle

00:18:54and it goes

00:18:54and just bogs

00:18:57it bogs out

00:18:57you've changed the pressure

00:18:59in the intake system

00:19:00you've made it atmospheric

00:19:01and so everything that was like

00:19:03oh this vacuum

00:19:04is making me want to expand

00:19:05and break apart

00:19:06and you open the throttle

00:19:07the air pressure goes

00:19:08haha

00:19:09and then you get big droplets

00:19:10back in and the thing bogs out

00:19:12not only that

00:19:13but when you suddenly open the throttle

00:19:15the air

00:19:16being extremely light

00:19:18responds promptly

00:19:20by not moving

00:19:21but the fuel

00:19:23the fuel

00:19:25which weighs

00:19:25600 times more

00:19:28per cubic inch

00:19:30its density

00:19:31is 600 times

00:19:32that of the air

00:19:33kind of goes

00:19:34do we want to

00:19:36do this

00:19:37yeah

00:19:38come on guys

00:19:39yeah

00:19:39this relates back

00:19:40yeah go ahead

00:19:41the fuel waits behind

00:19:43and the air rushes in

00:19:45what is the result

00:19:46lean mixture

00:19:47stumble

00:19:48so

00:19:50this is related

00:19:51to the Honda folks

00:19:52trying to

00:19:53you know

00:19:54meet emissions

00:19:55like by digitizing

00:19:56and

00:19:57self-controlling

00:19:58mixture

00:20:00figuring out

00:20:01all the different pressures

00:20:02everything that's going on

00:20:03with the droplets

00:20:04sticking to the wall

00:20:05or not sticking to the wall

00:20:06and then of course

00:20:07which way do you aim

00:20:08your fuel injectors

00:20:09it's turned out

00:20:11to be very important

00:20:12how far away

00:20:13you put your fuel injector

00:20:14on a super bike

00:20:15like back in

00:20:16I loved the

00:20:17I loved the big

00:20:18shower head days

00:20:19when the Ducati twins

00:20:21were running at

00:20:21high RPM

00:20:22you know

00:20:23your super bike twins

00:20:24916

00:20:25996

00:20:26998

00:20:26they

00:20:27they had

00:20:29an injector

00:20:30down by the valve

00:20:30and then they had

00:20:31a secondary injector

00:20:32the shower head

00:20:33which was

00:20:34inches

00:20:34above the intake horn

00:20:36and when you really

00:20:38were hitting your IRPM

00:20:39that's when they were

00:20:40hosing it out the top

00:20:41to give it time

00:20:42to atomize

00:20:44to evaporate

00:20:45before it gets

00:20:45to the chamber

00:20:46well this

00:20:49this

00:20:49is a

00:20:52is a real problem

00:20:55that faces

00:20:57every engine

00:20:58is cold start

00:21:00and

00:21:01cold start

00:21:03is

00:21:04troublesome

00:21:06because

00:21:07if you

00:21:08look at

00:21:09all the

00:21:09components

00:21:10that go

00:21:11into

00:21:11say

00:21:12pump

00:21:12gasoline

00:21:13some

00:21:15are

00:21:15volatile

00:21:15some

00:21:17are

00:21:17much

00:21:18less

00:21:18volatile

00:21:18over a range

00:21:20and

00:21:21why don't

00:21:22they make it

00:21:22all one

00:21:23molecular weight

00:21:24because

00:21:24refining

00:21:26everything

00:21:27to a single

00:21:27molecular weight

00:21:28would be a

00:21:29lot of

00:21:30botheration

00:21:31and they

00:21:32would pass

00:21:33on the

00:21:33the savings

00:21:35to the

00:21:35customer

00:21:36and so

00:21:37this is a

00:21:38way to

00:21:38use a

00:21:40boiling range

00:21:41gasoline was

00:21:42originally defined

00:21:43as whatever it is

00:21:45that boils out

00:21:46of petroleum

00:21:47between these

00:21:48two temperatures

00:21:49and

00:21:51that

00:21:53that was a

00:21:57problem

00:21:57now

00:21:58when we

00:21:59if we

00:21:59accept the

00:22:00fact that

00:22:00there is

00:22:01a difference

00:22:02in boiling

00:22:02temperature

00:22:03from the

00:22:05most to

00:22:06the least

00:22:06volatile

00:22:07in pump

00:22:07gasoline

00:22:08when we

00:22:08try to

00:22:09cold start

00:22:09the engine

00:22:10the only

00:22:11stuff that

00:22:11evaporates

00:22:12is the

00:22:12most

00:22:13volatile

00:22:13which is

00:22:14referred to

00:22:15as the

00:22:15front end

00:22:16of that

00:22:17gasoline

00:22:18but it's

00:22:19like 10

00:22:20or 15

00:22:21percent

00:22:22of

00:22:23the

00:22:24total

00:22:25so

00:22:26you have

00:22:26a drastically

00:22:27lean mixture

00:22:28if you try

00:22:29to start

00:22:29the engine

00:22:30the starter

00:22:30cracks the

00:22:31engine

00:22:31it never

00:22:34fires

00:22:35because it's

00:22:36so lean

00:22:37all these

00:22:37droplets

00:22:38that are

00:22:39unevaporated

00:22:39are going

00:22:40through

00:22:40and the

00:22:41little boy

00:22:41that's me

00:22:42at the

00:22:43back

00:22:43is

00:22:44smelling

00:22:45this

00:22:45wonderful

00:22:46rich

00:22:47gasoline

00:22:47smell

00:22:48pouring

00:22:48out the

00:22:49tailpipe

00:22:49and

00:22:50so

00:22:53a crude

00:22:55solution

00:22:55is

00:22:56adopted

00:22:57what

00:22:58people

00:22:58said

00:22:59was

00:22:59if

00:23:00the

00:23:02front end

00:23:02of the

00:23:03gasoline

00:23:03is only

00:23:0410

00:23:05percent

00:23:05of the

00:23:06total

00:23:07then let's

00:23:08enrich

00:23:0910

00:23:10times

00:23:1010

00:23:11times

00:23:12the

00:23:12normal

00:23:13mixture

00:23:13so that

00:23:14the

00:23:14quantity

00:23:15that

00:23:16does

00:23:16evaporate

00:23:17the

00:23:1810

00:23:18percent

00:23:18or

00:23:19maybe

00:23:19up to

00:23:2015

00:23:20percent

00:23:20of the

00:23:21front

00:23:21end

00:23:21the

00:23:21volatile

00:23:22stuff

00:23:22forms

00:23:24an

00:23:24ignitable

00:23:25mixture

00:23:25and

00:23:26the

00:23:26engine

00:23:26starts

00:23:27now

00:23:29in my

00:23:291960

00:23:30falcon

00:23:30you

00:23:30pulled

00:23:31the

00:23:31choke

00:23:31out

00:23:31all

00:23:32the

00:23:32way

00:23:32on

00:23:32a

00:23:32cold

00:23:32day

00:23:33cracked

00:23:33the

00:23:33engine

00:23:34it

00:23:34started

00:23:34as soon

00:23:35as the

00:23:36engine

00:23:36began

00:23:36to warm

00:23:37up

00:23:37and the

00:23:38intake

00:23:38pipe

00:23:39had a

00:23:39little

00:23:40temperature

00:23:40in it

00:23:40it

00:23:41evaporated

00:23:41more

00:23:42and more

00:23:43and more

00:23:44fuel

00:23:44and the

00:23:44engine

00:23:45began

00:23:45to be

00:23:46so

00:23:46rich

00:23:46so

00:23:48you

00:23:48push

00:23:48the

00:23:48choke

00:23:49in

00:23:49until

00:23:50it

00:23:50runs

00:23:50nicely

00:23:51and

00:23:52so

00:23:52it

00:23:52would

00:23:52go

00:23:52if

00:23:53you

00:23:53had

00:23:53to

00:23:53drive

00:23:53off

00:23:54in

00:23:54that

00:23:54condition

00:23:54it

00:23:55would

00:23:55be

00:23:55with

00:23:55a lot

00:23:56of

00:23:56fits

00:23:56and

00:23:57starts

00:23:57but

00:23:58gradually

00:23:59as you

00:23:59went

00:24:00down

00:24:00the

00:24:00road

00:24:00you

00:24:00would

00:24:00push

00:24:01in

00:24:01the

00:24:01choke

00:24:01until

00:24:01finally

00:24:02you

00:24:02have

00:24:02fully

00:24:04warmed

00:24:04up

00:24:04engine

00:24:05and

00:24:05you

00:24:05no

00:24:05longer

00:24:06need

00:24:06enrichment

00:24:08now

00:24:09this

00:24:09starting

00:24:09yes

00:24:10or

00:24:11fast

00:24:11idle

00:24:11right

00:24:12where

00:24:12yes

00:24:13cracking

00:24:13the

00:24:14throttle

00:24:14you

00:24:14get

00:24:14that

00:24:14velocity

00:24:15going

00:24:15well

00:24:16and

00:24:17you're

00:24:17with

00:24:18the

00:24:19choke

00:24:19there's

00:24:19a

00:24:20little

00:24:20cam

00:24:21that

00:24:21opens

00:24:21the

00:24:22throttle

00:24:22somewhat

00:24:22and

00:24:24that

00:24:24was

00:24:25that

00:24:26was

00:24:261960

00:24:27so

00:24:29what

00:24:35a

00:24:35bother

00:24:35the

00:24:37first

00:24:37fuel

00:24:37injected

00:24:38motorcycles

00:24:40had

00:24:40a

00:24:41manual

00:24:41choke

00:24:42system

00:24:42to

00:24:43enrich

00:24:44them

00:24:44because

00:24:44they

00:24:45hadn't

00:24:45yet

00:24:45worked

00:24:46out

00:24:46how

00:24:46to

00:24:46automate

00:24:47that

00:24:47part

00:24:47of

00:24:47the

00:24:48starting

00:24:48and

00:24:50that

00:24:51was

00:24:52a

00:24:52bother

00:24:52but

00:24:54they

00:24:54were

00:24:54at

00:24:54work

00:24:54on

00:24:55the

00:24:55problem

00:24:55and

00:24:56today

00:24:56you

00:24:57turn

00:24:57the

00:24:58key

00:24:58or

00:24:59wave

00:25:00your

00:25:00magic

00:25:01wand

00:25:01the

00:25:02engine

00:25:02starts

00:25:03no matter

00:25:04what

00:25:04the

00:25:04temperature

00:25:05it

00:25:06warms

00:25:06up

00:25:06without

00:25:07hiccups

00:25:08and

00:25:10if you

00:25:10have

00:25:10to

00:25:10leave

00:25:11early

00:25:11you

00:25:12can

00:25:13drive

00:25:13away

00:25:14and

00:25:15it

00:25:15is

00:25:15all

00:25:15handled

00:25:16automatically

00:25:16it's

00:25:17so

00:25:17wonderful

00:25:18it's

00:25:18really

00:25:19good

00:25:19because

00:25:19you

00:25:20could

00:25:20take

00:25:20one of

00:25:22these

00:25:22bikes

00:25:22back

00:25:23here

00:25:23we have

00:25:23a

00:25:23tenere

00:25:24700

00:25:24you

00:25:25could

00:25:25take

00:25:25that

00:25:25yamaha

00:25:26tenere

00:25:26700

00:25:27with

00:25:27the

00:25:27parallel

00:25:28twin

00:25:29I

00:25:30could

00:25:30push

00:25:30it

00:25:30outside

00:25:30get

00:25:32on

00:25:32it

00:25:33start

00:25:34the

00:25:34motorcycle

00:25:35push

00:25:35the

00:25:36button

00:25:36start

00:25:36the

00:25:36motorcycle

00:25:37it's

00:25:38you know

00:25:3870 degree

00:25:39day

00:25:39whatever

00:25:39and I

00:25:41could throw

00:25:41the clutch

00:25:42and do

00:25:42a wheelie

00:25:42with zero

00:25:43like the

00:25:44thing would

00:25:44just run

00:25:45ice cold

00:25:47and it

00:25:48would run

00:25:48without

00:25:48hiccup

00:25:49it's

00:25:49remarkable

00:25:50you know

00:25:51you start

00:25:51your

00:25:51you start

00:25:52your

00:25:53amaha

00:25:53xs650

00:25:54with its

00:25:54little

00:25:55enrichener

00:25:55circuits

00:25:56you know

00:25:56you lift

00:25:57the plunger

00:25:58and fuel

00:25:58just

00:25:59plungers

00:25:59yes

00:26:00yeah

00:26:00you lift

00:26:00the plunger

00:26:01and the fuel

00:26:01just goes

00:26:01pouring in

00:26:02so you push

00:26:02that lever

00:26:03down

00:26:03and you

00:26:04start it

00:26:05up

00:26:05and you

00:26:06almost got

00:26:06to turn

00:26:06it off

00:26:07right away

00:26:07because it's

00:26:08got so much

00:26:08fuel

00:26:08there's no

00:26:09in-between

00:26:09on that

00:26:10bike

00:26:10you know

00:26:10it's just

00:26:11like click

00:26:11it's open

00:26:12or click

00:26:12it's closed

00:26:13on or off

00:26:13yes

00:26:14there's no

00:26:14multiple

00:26:14like oh

00:26:15we're just

00:26:15going to bleed

00:26:16a little

00:26:16bit in

00:26:17there

00:26:17it just

00:26:18does the

00:26:19whole

00:26:19the whole

00:26:20thing

00:26:20you get

00:26:20it going

00:26:20and it's

00:26:21it's sloppy

00:26:22enough

00:26:23that it

00:26:23keeps

00:26:23running

00:26:24in the

00:26:26early days

00:26:26in the

00:26:27early days

00:26:28of fuel

00:26:29injection

00:26:29droplet

00:26:31size

00:26:31thrown

00:26:32by fuel

00:26:32injectors

00:26:33was larger

00:26:34than that

00:26:34from

00:26:35carburetors

00:26:35a carburetor

00:26:37running on

00:26:38low throttle

00:26:39is getting

00:26:40all of its

00:26:40fuel from

00:26:41those three

00:26:41little holes

00:26:42near the

00:26:42edge of

00:26:43the throttle

00:26:44butterfly

00:26:45and

00:26:46when that

00:26:48butterfly

00:26:48is open

00:26:49just a few

00:26:49thousandth

00:26:50the velocity

00:26:51through there

00:26:51is very

00:26:53high

00:26:53so it's

00:26:55making an

00:26:55excellent

00:26:56mixture

00:26:56but the

00:26:57first fuel

00:26:58injectors

00:26:58were a

00:26:59single

00:26:59orifice

00:27:00with a

00:27:01pintle

00:27:02a movable

00:27:03stopper

00:27:04I got rid

00:27:05of the

00:27:05ones on

00:27:06my 89

00:27:06Ford

00:27:07F-250

00:27:07early

00:27:08Ford

00:27:08fuel

00:27:08injection

00:27:09it's a

00:27:10Bosch

00:27:10system

00:27:11single

00:27:12pintle

00:27:13and there's

00:27:14a plug

00:27:14and play

00:27:15where you

00:27:15can get

00:27:15a six

00:27:16hole

00:27:16or a

00:27:17ten

00:27:17hole

00:27:17whatever

00:27:17it is

00:27:18I forget

00:27:18but

00:27:19you know

00:27:19upgraded

00:27:19and it

00:27:21does run

00:27:22better

00:27:22in the

00:27:23early days

00:27:24of some

00:27:24of these

00:27:25single

00:27:25hole

00:27:26injection

00:27:26bikes

00:27:27the

00:27:29owners

00:27:30who were

00:27:31trying

00:27:32very hard

00:27:33this is

00:27:33break-in

00:27:34you know

00:27:34I better

00:27:35check the

00:27:35oil

00:27:36and

00:27:37the

00:27:38more

00:27:39they

00:27:39checked

00:27:40the oil

00:27:40the more

00:27:41it began

00:27:41to look

00:27:42like

00:27:42it wasn't

00:27:44using any

00:27:44oil

00:27:44in fact

00:27:45the oil

00:27:46level was

00:27:47going up

00:27:48how could

00:27:50that happen

00:27:51here's how

00:27:52it happens

00:27:52the coarse

00:27:54droplets

00:27:55thrown out

00:27:56by those

00:27:56single

00:27:57those pintle

00:27:58injectors

00:27:58some of

00:27:59them were

00:28:00big enough

00:28:00to just

00:28:01keep

00:28:01plowing

00:28:01through the

00:28:03air in the

00:28:03cylinder

00:28:04until they

00:28:04hit the

00:28:05cylinder

00:28:05wall

00:28:05where they

00:28:07splashed

00:28:07into a

00:28:08film on

00:28:09the cylinder

00:28:10wall

00:28:10and

00:28:11piston

00:28:12the oil

00:28:14scraper

00:28:14ring on

00:28:15a piston

00:28:15is a

00:28:15down

00:28:16passing

00:28:16ring

00:28:17glides

00:28:17up

00:28:18over

00:28:19a film

00:28:19of oil

00:28:20and it

00:28:20scrapes

00:28:21it down

00:28:21so

00:28:23because if

00:28:24it were

00:28:24not down

00:28:25passing

00:28:26it would

00:28:27have to

00:28:27be at

00:28:27least

00:28:27partially

00:28:28up

00:28:28passing

00:28:29which

00:28:29would

00:28:29mean

00:28:29oil

00:28:30going

00:28:30into

00:28:30the

00:28:31combustion

00:28:31chamber

00:28:32making

00:28:33a smoky

00:28:34exhaust

00:28:35embarrassing

00:28:36the owner

00:28:37and summoning

00:28:38the EPA

00:28:39so

00:28:41those early

00:28:43bikes

00:28:44a few

00:28:44of them

00:28:45their oil

00:28:46level went

00:28:46up because

00:28:47of fuel

00:28:48dilution

00:28:49so

00:28:51that was

00:28:52a good

00:28:53reason

00:28:53happens

00:28:54when your

00:28:54float

00:28:54valves

00:28:55stick

00:28:55too

00:28:55yeah

00:28:57that

00:28:57Yamaha

00:28:58X650

00:28:59when I

00:28:59pulled it

00:29:00out of

00:29:00the barn

00:29:00to do

00:29:00the

00:29:01Randwin

00:29:01Park

00:29:02video

00:29:02for

00:29:02Motorcyclist

00:29:03the oil

00:29:05in that

00:29:05thing was

00:29:05like water

00:29:06it was

00:29:06so thin

00:29:07and you

00:29:09just had

00:29:09to take

00:29:09a whiff

00:29:10to understand

00:29:10why

00:29:11and it

00:29:11was

00:29:11float

00:29:12valves

00:29:12were

00:29:12sticking

00:29:12if you

00:29:13left

00:29:13the fuel

00:29:13on

00:29:13it was

00:29:14just like

00:29:14slowly

00:29:15dripping

00:29:16in

00:29:16working

00:29:17its way

00:29:18easily

00:29:18past

00:29:18the

00:29:19rings

00:29:19and settling

00:29:20into the

00:29:21oil mixture

00:29:22which you

00:29:22know

00:29:23scrubbed

00:29:23out the

00:29:24interior

00:29:24a little

00:29:24bit

00:29:25it's good

00:29:25well I

00:29:28believe I

00:29:28told before

00:29:29about my

00:29:30friend who

00:29:31was so

00:29:32enthusiastic

00:29:33about drag

00:29:33racing and

00:29:34in particular

00:29:35he loved

00:29:37starting on

00:29:38the rollers

00:29:38and he

00:29:41was pretty

00:29:42sure that a

00:29:43lot of that

00:29:43fussy detail

00:29:44was just

00:29:45for nerds

00:29:46so did

00:29:47he bother

00:29:48to disconnect

00:29:49his fuel

00:29:49lines after

00:29:50he put his

00:29:51bike on

00:29:51the trailer

00:29:52to go

00:29:52home from

00:29:53the drag

00:29:53race

00:29:54not always

00:29:57so this

00:29:58one day

00:29:58he takes

00:29:59his bike

00:29:59off the

00:30:00trailer

00:30:00and he

00:30:01gasses

00:30:01up and

00:30:02he goes

00:30:03over to

00:30:04the rollers

00:30:04the sacred

00:30:05ritual

00:30:06mind you

00:30:08this was

00:30:08a 500

00:30:09triple

00:30:09this is

00:30:10a bike

00:30:10you could

00:30:11start on

00:30:12the stand

00:30:12by pulling

00:30:13the back

00:30:13tire through

00:30:14that's how

00:30:16we started

00:30:16our race

00:30:17bike

00:30:17always

00:30:19because it

00:30:20was so

00:30:21convenient

00:30:21but he

00:30:22puts the

00:30:23thing on

00:30:23the rollers

00:30:24and there

00:30:24there's a

00:30:25bump

00:30:25and he

00:30:28had a

00:30:28rod that

00:30:28went like

00:30:29this

00:30:29it

00:30:31asked

00:30:32the rod

00:30:33turned it

00:30:34into a

00:30:35lovely

00:30:35curvature

00:30:36hydraulicked

00:30:37yep

00:30:38he hydraulicked

00:30:39the rod

00:30:40and

00:30:40that's a

00:30:43sidebar

00:30:43right there

00:30:44just because

00:30:45it occurred

00:30:46to me

00:30:46but

00:30:47that's

00:30:49one of

00:30:50the things

00:30:51that can

00:30:51happen

00:30:51if you

00:30:52bought

00:30:52through

00:30:53any

00:30:53means

00:30:53permit

00:30:54fuel

00:30:55to enter

00:30:55the

00:30:55crank

00:30:56case

00:30:56or the

00:30:59cylinders

00:31:00so it's

00:31:01one of

00:31:02the things

00:31:03if you've

00:31:03seen those

00:31:04early

00:31:04those

00:31:05films

00:31:06of

00:31:07aircraft

00:31:09crewmen

00:31:10pulling

00:31:10the

00:31:11propeller

00:31:12blades

00:31:12through

00:31:12rotating

00:31:13the

00:31:13engine

00:31:14they're

00:31:14making

00:31:15sure

00:31:15that

00:31:16no

00:31:16cylinder

00:31:17is

00:31:17going

00:31:17to

00:31:17hydraulic

00:31:18when

00:31:18the

00:31:18starter

00:31:19turns

00:31:19it

00:31:19because

00:31:21those

00:31:21human

00:31:21hands

00:31:22on

00:31:22those

00:31:22giant

00:31:23propeller

00:31:23blades

00:31:24are going

00:31:24oh

00:31:24what's

00:31:25that

00:31:25resistance

00:31:26no it's

00:31:28a beautiful

00:31:28part of

00:31:28this

00:31:29ritual

00:31:29of

00:31:29starting

00:31:30a

00:31:30radial

00:31:30when

00:31:30you

00:31:31go to

00:31:31air

00:31:31shows

00:31:31even

00:31:32today

00:31:32when

00:31:34they

00:31:34go to

00:31:35fire up

00:31:36Fifi

00:31:36or dock

00:31:37the

00:31:37B-29

00:31:37pulling

00:31:38it

00:31:39through

00:31:39there's

00:31:40a string

00:31:40of

00:31:40people

00:31:40on

00:31:41these

00:31:41great

00:31:41paddles

00:31:42like

00:31:4219

00:31:43foot

00:31:43propeller

00:31:43blades

00:31:44and

00:31:45they're

00:31:45and

00:31:46they

00:31:46trade

00:31:47because

00:31:47it's

00:31:47so much

00:31:47work

00:31:48one guy

00:31:48gets it

00:31:49there

00:31:49and then

00:31:49the next

00:31:50person

00:31:50comes along

00:31:50and grabs

00:31:51and

00:31:51and they

00:31:53rotate it

00:31:54through

00:31:54and there's

00:31:54a certain

00:31:54number

00:31:55of times

00:31:55like the

00:31:56so many

00:31:56blades

00:31:57yeah

00:31:57the Jacobs

00:31:58you know

00:31:59the Jacobs

00:31:59for the

00:32:00195

00:32:00they want

00:32:01you to

00:32:01pull it

00:32:02through

00:32:02a certain

00:32:02number

00:32:02of times

00:32:03yeah

00:32:04before

00:32:05you hit

00:32:06the key

00:32:07yep

00:32:08switch

00:32:09on

00:32:09the

00:32:11magnetos

00:32:12yeah

00:32:12make sure

00:32:12it's off

00:32:13if you're

00:32:13doing that

00:32:14by hand

00:32:14how about

00:32:17heated

00:32:17intake

00:32:18manifolds

00:32:18that's

00:32:19something

00:32:19that I've

00:32:19observed

00:32:20where

00:32:20on the

00:32:22automotive

00:32:22side

00:32:22in particular

00:32:23where

00:32:23a good

00:32:24running

00:32:25vehicle

00:32:25with

00:32:27nice

00:32:27qualities

00:32:28is suddenly

00:32:29a bad

00:32:29running

00:32:30vehicle

00:32:30when you

00:32:31put the

00:32:31aftermarket

00:32:32intake

00:32:33manifold

00:32:33that no

00:32:34longer

00:32:34has any

00:32:34heating

00:32:35in it

00:32:35yes

00:32:36and suddenly

00:32:37you're

00:32:37running

00:32:37or you're

00:32:38you're

00:32:39especially

00:32:39your

00:32:40small

00:32:40throttle

00:32:41openings

00:32:41don't

00:32:41work

00:32:42as

00:32:42nicely

00:32:42the

00:32:43intake

00:32:44manifold

00:32:44on a

00:32:45multi-cylinder

00:32:46engine

00:32:46is a

00:32:47cathedral

00:32:48of wall

00:32:49wash

00:32:49the hole

00:32:50inside of

00:32:51it is

00:32:51wet

00:32:52with fuel

00:32:52and that

00:32:53fuel

00:32:53is sliding

00:32:54along

00:32:55toward the

00:32:56cylinders

00:32:57and it

00:32:58will get

00:32:58there

00:32:58and it

00:33:00will fill

00:33:00the cylinders

00:33:01up with

00:33:01all these

00:33:02horrible

00:33:02droplets

00:33:03and it

00:33:03won't

00:33:03run

00:33:04well

00:33:04so

00:33:06they

00:33:07put

00:33:08little

00:33:08passages

00:33:09into

00:33:10the

00:33:10intake

00:33:10manifold

00:33:11and it

00:33:11ran

00:33:11hot

00:33:12exhaust

00:33:12gas

00:33:13through

00:33:13them

00:33:13so

00:33:13the

00:33:13manifold

00:33:14evaporated

00:33:16the

00:33:16wall

00:33:16wash

00:33:16no more

00:33:17wall

00:33:18wash

00:33:18excellent

00:33:19very

00:33:21good

00:33:21so

00:33:25I was

00:33:29talking

00:33:30one day

00:33:30to

00:33:31on the

00:33:32phone

00:33:32to people

00:33:33from

00:33:33Phillips

00:33:34Petroleum

00:33:34in Oklahoma

00:33:35they wanted

00:33:36the magazine

00:33:37they said

00:33:37we would

00:33:38love to

00:33:38cooperate

00:33:39with you

00:33:39in doing

00:33:40an article

00:33:41on race

00:33:41gas

00:33:42and

00:33:43of course

00:33:44my editor

00:33:45at that

00:33:45time

00:33:45David

00:33:46Edwards

00:33:46said

00:33:46what he

00:33:47always

00:33:47said

00:33:48when he

00:33:48didn't

00:33:48like a

00:33:49topic

00:33:49how would

00:33:49we

00:33:50illustrate

00:33:50it

00:33:50yes

00:33:52these

00:33:56fellows

00:33:56had

00:33:57a

00:33:58race

00:33:59fuel

00:33:59that they

00:34:00were

00:34:00selling

00:34:01in Europe

00:34:01to people

00:34:02running

00:34:02two

00:34:02strokes

00:34:03so

00:34:04this

00:34:04would

00:34:04be

00:34:05in

00:34:06the

00:34:0680s

00:34:0690s

00:34:07and

00:34:09this

00:34:11fuel

00:34:11was

00:34:12not

00:34:12very

00:34:13volatile

00:34:13so

00:34:14they

00:34:14said

00:34:15it

00:34:15works

00:34:16best

00:34:16in

00:34:16an

00:34:17engine

00:34:17with

00:34:17very

00:34:17tight

00:34:18squish

00:34:21as we

00:34:21have

00:34:23no doubt

00:34:23bored you

00:34:24before

00:34:24in

00:34:26explaining

00:34:26is

00:34:27that

00:34:27part

00:34:28of

00:34:28the

00:34:28piston

00:34:29or

00:34:29those

00:34:30parts

00:34:30of

00:34:30the

00:34:30piston

00:34:31which

00:34:31are

00:34:31intentionally

00:34:32made

00:34:33to

00:34:33come

00:34:34very

00:34:35close

00:34:35to

00:34:37the

00:34:37cylinder

00:34:37head

00:34:38material

00:34:38in a

00:34:39uniform

00:34:40way

00:34:40as

00:34:42the

00:34:42piston

00:34:42rises

00:34:43yes

00:34:44you see

00:34:45the

00:34:45four

00:34:46squish

00:34:46areas

00:34:47so

00:34:48it's

00:34:48this

00:34:48band

00:34:48here

00:34:49this

00:34:50here

00:34:51this

00:34:51here

00:34:52this

00:34:52here

00:34:52and

00:34:53then

00:34:53the

00:34:53cylinder

00:34:54head

00:34:54correspondingly

00:34:55is

00:34:56getting

00:34:57closest

00:34:57on those

00:34:58bands

00:34:58and

00:34:59then

00:34:59this

00:34:59more

00:35:00open

00:35:00area

00:35:00it

00:35:01squishes

00:35:01out of

00:35:01there

00:35:02you get

00:35:03turbulence

00:35:03and a

00:35:04concentration

00:35:05around

00:35:06where

00:35:06we're

00:35:06lighting

00:35:07the

00:35:07match

00:35:07or

00:35:07spark

00:35:08yep

00:35:09where

00:35:12the

00:35:13piston

00:35:14is

00:35:14approaching

00:35:14the

00:35:15cylinder

00:35:15head

00:35:15and

00:35:16that

00:35:16mixture

00:35:17that

00:35:17is

00:35:17between

00:35:17these

00:35:18flat

00:35:18surfaces

00:35:19as

00:35:19the

00:35:19piston

00:35:20reaches

00:35:21top

00:35:21dead

00:35:21center

00:35:22squirted

00:35:24radially

00:35:25inward

00:35:25this

00:35:27not

00:35:27only

00:35:28adds

00:35:30some

00:35:31turbulence

00:35:31the

00:35:32flame

00:35:32has

00:35:32already

00:35:33started

00:35:33so

00:35:34it

00:35:34can't

00:35:34hurt

00:35:34but

00:35:36it

00:35:36also

00:35:36gives

00:35:37a

00:35:37last

00:35:38opportunity

00:35:38for

00:35:39fuel

00:35:39evaporation

00:35:40and

00:35:40this

00:35:40particular

00:35:41Phillips

00:35:41race

00:35:42gas

00:35:43they

00:35:44were

00:35:45going

00:35:45for

00:35:45high

00:35:46octane

00:35:47number

00:35:47that

00:35:47is

00:35:47resistance

00:35:48to

00:35:49detonation

00:35:49and

00:35:51normally

00:35:51when you

00:35:52do

00:35:52that

00:35:52you

00:35:54use

00:35:54a lot

00:35:55of

00:35:55heavy

00:35:55stuff

00:35:55that's

00:35:56not

00:35:56very

00:35:57volatile

00:35:57things

00:35:59like

00:35:59the

00:36:00four

00:36:00good

00:36:01structures

00:36:01of

00:36:02octane

00:36:03which

00:36:03is

00:36:03an

00:36:04eight

00:36:05carbon

00:36:05hydrocarbon

00:36:08and

00:36:08tryptane

00:36:09so

00:36:12this

00:36:14stuff

00:36:15needed

00:36:17help

00:36:18in

00:36:18evaporation

00:36:19similarly

00:36:21in the

00:36:23case

00:36:23of

00:36:24where

00:36:28am

00:36:28I

00:36:28here

00:36:28frequently

00:36:35people

00:36:36are

00:36:36tempted

00:36:37to go

00:36:38for the

00:36:38big

00:36:39numbers

00:36:39and

00:36:41so

00:36:42the

00:36:42dino

00:36:42shop

00:36:43in

00:36:43town

00:36:43that

00:36:44gives

00:36:44the

00:36:44highest

00:36:45horsepower

00:36:45is

00:36:47quite

00:36:47popular

00:36:48because

00:36:49people

00:36:49don't

00:36:49want

00:36:50information

00:36:50they

00:36:51want

00:36:51excitement

00:36:52in

00:36:53many

00:36:53cases

00:36:54it's

00:36:56important

00:36:57to try

00:36:57to resist

00:36:58this

00:36:58but it

00:36:59must

00:37:00be

00:37:00admitted

00:37:00that

00:37:01we

00:37:01are

00:37:01sort

00:37:01of

00:37:02swept

00:37:02along

00:37:02by

00:37:03look

00:37:03at

00:37:03this

00:37:04a

00:37:05wonderful

00:37:05big

00:37:05number

00:37:06so

00:37:07they're

00:37:07buying

00:37:07their

00:37:08race

00:37:08gas

00:37:08and

00:37:09it

00:37:09says

00:37:10turbo

00:37:11gas

00:37:12124

00:37:14octane

00:37:14oh

00:37:15I gotta

00:37:15have

00:37:15that

00:37:16but

00:37:17when

00:37:17you

00:37:17talk

00:37:18to

00:37:18the

00:37:18guy

00:37:18on

00:37:19the

00:37:19phone

00:37:19from

00:37:20the

00:37:20fuel

00:37:20blender

00:37:21he says

00:37:22that

00:37:23is

00:37:23just

00:37:24for

00:37:24turbocharged

00:37:25engines

00:37:25because

00:37:26that's

00:37:28the way

00:37:28we

00:37:28made

00:37:29it

00:37:29when

00:37:30a

00:37:31mixture

00:37:31of

00:37:32fuel

00:37:33droplets

00:37:33in the

00:37:34air

00:37:34passes

00:37:34through

00:37:35the

00:37:36cold

00:37:36side

00:37:36of

00:37:36a

00:37:36turbo

00:37:37charger

00:37:37it

00:37:37is

00:37:38one

00:37:38whacked

00:37:40and

00:37:40beaten

00:37:41to

00:37:41pieces

00:37:41by

00:37:42entering

00:37:42the

00:37:42whirling

00:37:43impeller

00:37:43and

00:37:44two

00:37:44compression

00:37:46is a

00:37:46heating

00:37:46process

00:37:47so

00:37:47heat

00:37:48is

00:37:48added

00:37:49to

00:37:49the

00:37:49mixture

00:37:49which

00:37:50helps

00:37:50evaporation

00:37:51even

00:37:51more

00:37:51this

00:37:52allowed

00:37:53the

00:37:53fuel

00:37:53blender

00:37:54then

00:37:54to

00:37:54say

00:37:55we

00:37:55can

00:37:55dump

00:37:56in

00:37:56more

00:37:57of

00:37:57that

00:37:58super

00:37:59high

00:37:59octane

00:38:00number

00:38:00but

00:38:01not

00:38:01very

00:38:02fast

00:38:03evaporating

00:38:03stuff

00:38:04but

00:38:04if

00:38:04you

00:38:05then

00:38:05put

00:38:05that

00:38:05in

00:38:06your

00:38:06super

00:38:06bike

00:38:06which

00:38:07is

00:38:07not

00:38:07turbo

00:38:07charged

00:38:08you

00:38:11won't

00:38:12get

00:38:12full

00:38:12evaporation

00:38:13and

00:38:13you

00:38:13will

00:38:13get

00:38:14things

00:38:14like

00:38:14loss

00:38:15of

00:38:15RPM

00:38:16off

00:38:16the

00:38:16top

00:38:16because

00:38:18there's

00:38:18not

00:38:18a lot

00:38:18of

00:38:19time

00:38:19for

00:38:19fuel

00:38:19evaporation

00:38:20when your

00:38:20thousand

00:38:21cc

00:38:22engine

00:38:22is

00:38:23turning

00:38:2314.7

00:38:24and

00:38:26the

00:38:28result

00:38:28is

00:38:29oh

00:38:30also

00:38:30throttle

00:38:31response

00:38:31is

00:38:32not so

00:38:33hot

00:38:33so

00:38:35instead

00:38:36the

00:38:37fuel

00:38:37blender

00:38:37says

00:38:38here

00:38:38is

00:38:38a

00:38:38more

00:38:39volatile

00:38:39fuel

00:38:40which

00:38:40has

00:38:41a

00:38:41lower

00:38:41octane

00:38:42number

00:38:42than

00:38:43turbo

00:38:43gas

00:38:44but

00:38:45if

00:38:46you

00:38:46run

00:38:47turbo

00:38:47gas

00:38:47your

00:38:48engine

00:38:48will

00:38:48knock

00:38:49not

00:38:50because

00:38:50the

00:38:50fuel

00:38:51doesn't

00:38:51have

00:38:52a

00:38:52high

00:38:52octane

00:38:52number

00:38:53but

00:38:54because

00:38:54the

00:38:54mixture

00:38:54is

00:38:55lean

00:38:55because

00:38:56the

00:38:56engine

00:38:57can't

00:38:57evaporate

00:38:58all

00:38:59of

00:38:59that

00:38:59heavy

00:38:59stuff

00:39:00in

00:39:00the

00:39:00fuel

00:39:00so

00:39:03that's

00:39:03one of

00:39:04the

00:39:04things

00:39:04that

00:39:04you'll

00:39:04find

00:39:05if

00:39:05you

00:39:05get

00:39:06a

00:39:06little

00:39:06booklet

00:39:07or

00:39:07look

00:39:07at

00:39:07a

00:39:07website

00:39:08for

00:39:08race

00:39:09gases

00:39:09they

00:39:10will

00:39:10advise

00:39:11you

00:39:11to

00:39:12use

00:39:13turbo

00:39:13gas

00:39:13in

00:39:14turbo

00:39:14engines

00:39:15at

00:39:22one

00:39:23point

00:39:23formula

00:39:24one

00:39:24was

00:39:26told

00:39:26you

00:39:27you

00:39:27the

00:39:28volume

00:39:29of

00:39:29fuel

00:39:30that

00:39:30you

00:39:30may

00:39:30use

00:39:31is

00:39:31limited

00:39:31so

00:39:32many

00:39:32gallons

00:39:32so

00:39:33many

00:39:33liters

00:39:33so

00:39:35they

00:39:35got

00:39:36out

00:39:36their

00:39:36handbook

00:39:37of

00:39:37chemistry

00:39:38and

00:39:38physics

00:39:38and

00:39:39they

00:39:39leafed

00:39:40through

00:39:40the

00:39:40pages

00:39:40are

00:39:41so

00:39:41thin

00:39:41and

00:39:43they

00:39:43found

00:39:43that

00:39:43toluene

00:39:44is

00:39:45quite

00:39:45dense

00:39:45which

00:39:46means

00:39:47that

00:39:47you

00:39:47would

00:39:47get

00:39:47more

00:39:47calories

00:39:48in

00:39:50per

00:39:50cubic

00:39:50foot

00:39:51so

00:39:52they

00:39:52wanted

00:39:52to

00:39:53switch

00:39:53to

00:39:53a

00:39:53toluene

00:39:54base

00:39:54fuel

00:39:55but

00:39:55toluene

00:39:56is

00:39:56lousy

00:39:57and

00:39:57evaporating

00:39:57so

00:39:58what

00:39:58did

00:39:58they

00:39:59do

00:39:59they

00:40:00ran

00:40:00the

00:40:00fuel

00:40:01through

00:40:01a

00:40:01preheater

00:40:02before

00:40:03they

00:40:03routed

00:40:04it

00:40:04to

00:40:05the

00:40:05injectors

00:40:05and

00:40:07there

00:40:07have

00:40:08also

00:40:08been

00:40:08snowmobiles

00:40:09that

00:40:10had

00:40:10float

00:40:11bowls

00:40:12that

00:40:12were

00:40:12heated

00:40:12by

00:40:12engine

00:40:13cooler

00:40:13because

00:40:15snowmobiles

00:40:16are run

00:40:16in very

00:40:17cold

00:40:17weather

00:40:17yes

00:40:18they

00:40:18are

00:40:18the

00:40:19heated

00:40:19grips

00:40:19on

00:40:19snowmobiles

00:40:20are

00:40:20a

00:40:21miracle

00:40:21they're

00:40:21like

00:40:22it's

00:40:22like

00:40:22holding

00:40:22a

00:40:23curling

00:40:23iron

00:40:23so

00:40:26hot

00:40:26that

00:40:27yeah

00:40:27injection

00:40:28on

00:40:28snowmobiles

00:40:29was a

00:40:29great

00:40:29thing

00:40:30well

00:40:31carburetor

00:40:34size

00:40:34was a

00:40:35classic

00:40:36problem

00:40:36now

00:40:38those

00:40:39of you

00:40:40who have

00:40:40taken

00:40:41any

00:40:42interest

00:40:42in

00:40:42or

00:40:43studied

00:40:43Vincent's

00:40:45Vincent

00:40:45motorcycles

00:40:46will find

00:40:47that

00:40:48they were

00:40:48equipped

00:40:49with

00:40:49carburetors

00:40:50that were

00:40:50not much

00:40:51more than

00:40:52an inch

00:40:52in diameter

00:40:53and you

00:40:54think

00:40:54500

00:40:56cc

00:40:57cylinders

00:40:57with a

00:40:58dinky

00:40:58little

00:40:58carburetor

00:40:59like that

00:41:00but

00:41:02when

00:41:04people

00:41:05started

00:41:05putting

00:41:05bigger

00:41:06and bigger

00:41:06carburetors

00:41:07on engines

00:41:07they found

00:41:09that they

00:41:09became

00:41:10sensitive

00:41:11to

00:41:11atmospheric

00:41:12changes

00:41:13and

00:41:15people

00:41:16would

00:41:16who knew

00:41:18a little

00:41:18bit about

00:41:19this

00:41:19could get

00:41:20very excited

00:41:21over the

00:41:21idea

00:41:22these

00:41:23engines

00:41:23are so

00:41:24finely

00:41:24tuned

00:41:25that if

00:41:26the sun

00:41:26goes behind

00:41:27a cloud

00:41:28they don't

00:41:29run right

00:41:29isn't that

00:41:30marvelous

00:41:31not to the

00:41:33person that's

00:41:33trying to make

00:41:34them run

00:41:34right

00:41:35it's a

00:41:37pain

00:41:37so

00:41:39when you

00:41:42go to

00:41:42bigger

00:41:42carburetors

00:41:43if you

00:41:44were living

00:41:44in that

00:41:45classic

00:41:45era

00:41:45you face

00:41:47the problem

00:41:47of oh

00:41:48now I've

00:41:48reduced the

00:41:49air velocity

00:41:50so now

00:41:51I've

00:41:51increased

00:41:51the average

00:41:52droplet

00:41:52size

00:41:53so now

00:41:55I may

00:41:56have a

00:41:56lean

00:41:56mixture

00:41:57and I'm

00:41:58going to

00:41:58have to

00:41:58compensate

00:41:59by jetting

00:42:00up

00:42:00lifting the

00:42:01needle

00:42:01two millimeters

00:42:04makes a big

00:42:05difference

00:42:06the 928

00:42:07versus a

00:42:08930

00:42:08amel on

00:42:09a Norton

00:42:10commando

00:42:10I did

00:42:12that

00:42:12and I was

00:42:13like I gotta

00:42:14get the

00:42:14930s

00:42:15you know

00:42:15and I think

00:42:16it was

00:42:16930s

00:42:17there was a

00:42:17two millimeter

00:42:17difference

00:42:18which in a

00:42:18percentage

00:42:19basis is

00:42:19actually

00:42:20not

00:42:21insignificant

00:42:21on a

00:42:22on a

00:42:22circle

00:42:23so

00:42:24it's a

00:42:24squared

00:42:25relationship

00:42:25yeah

00:42:26yeah

00:42:26and so

00:42:27it

00:42:27you know

00:42:29I might have

00:42:30picked up

00:42:30something on

00:42:31top but

00:42:31I lost

00:42:32something on

00:42:32the bottom

00:42:33yeah

00:42:34so

00:42:36motorcycle

00:42:37carburetors

00:42:38of course

00:42:38never had

00:42:39multiple

00:42:40venturis

00:42:42in them

00:42:43to jack

00:42:44up the

00:42:45air

00:42:46velocity

00:42:47so that

00:42:49it could

00:42:49break up

00:42:50fuel

00:42:51to very

00:42:52fine sizes

00:42:53a motorcycle

00:42:54after all

00:42:55is

00:42:56two wheels

00:42:57an engine

00:42:58and a place

00:42:58to sit

00:42:59and when

00:43:00you start

00:43:00messing with

00:43:01that and

00:43:01making it

00:43:02more complicated

00:43:03you run

00:43:04into

00:43:05troubles

00:43:05so

00:43:07simple

00:43:07carburetors

00:43:08for a

00:43:08simple

00:43:09machine

00:43:09at one

00:43:14point

00:43:14we had

00:43:16access to

00:43:17aviation

00:43:19gasoline

00:43:19and decided

00:43:21to run

00:43:21our

00:43:21two strokes

00:43:23on that

00:43:23stuff

00:43:24lots of

00:43:25people have

00:43:26had the

00:43:26experience

00:43:27of running

00:43:27on avgas

00:43:28through the

00:43:30summer

00:43:30everything is

00:43:31fine

00:43:31but when

00:43:32the leaves

00:43:32start to

00:43:33fall

00:43:33suddenly

00:43:36you're

00:43:37having to

00:43:37put brass

00:43:38in your

00:43:38carburetor

00:43:39that you've

00:43:39never used

00:43:40before

00:43:40why

00:43:41well

00:43:43the temperature

00:43:45of the air

00:43:45is down

00:43:46when what

00:43:47that means

00:43:48in a carbureted

00:43:49system is

00:43:50bigger fuel

00:43:51droplets

00:43:51because you

00:43:54aren't getting

00:43:54that extra

00:43:55boost from

00:43:56the warmth

00:43:58of conditions

00:43:59to evaporate

00:44:01more fuel

00:44:02so you're

00:44:03going to end

00:44:04up with the

00:44:05situation that

00:44:05is harder

00:44:06to warm up

00:44:07that is

00:44:08has less

00:44:11good throttle

00:44:12response and

00:44:12you may even

00:44:13lose revolutions

00:44:15on top

00:44:15this is another

00:44:17type of story

00:44:17that is

00:44:18frequently told

00:44:19that people

00:44:21arrive at

00:44:21Daytona with

00:44:22their hot

00:44:23rocket ship

00:44:24bike and

00:44:25their

00:44:26SoCal race

00:44:29gas nothing

00:44:30greater can

00:44:33be conceived

00:44:33and it won't

00:44:35top end

00:44:35and the old

00:44:38timer on the

00:44:39team says

00:44:40I'll fix this

00:44:41just a minute

00:44:41and he drives

00:44:43out through

00:44:44the old

00:44:45Daytona

00:44:45tunnel and

00:44:47there on the

00:44:47right was

00:44:48the 76

00:44:49station

00:44:50he fills a

00:44:51five gallon

00:44:52can with

00:44:54pump regular

00:44:56and brings it

00:44:56in and

00:44:57puts a bunch

00:44:59of mixes in

00:44:59a bunch of

00:45:00regular

00:45:00presto

00:45:01top end

00:45:03comes back

00:45:04because

00:45:05the regular

00:45:07gas they're

00:45:07not trying

00:45:08hard for

00:45:10octane number

00:45:10so they've

00:45:11got good

00:45:12volatility

00:45:12they're just

00:45:13trying hard

00:45:14enough

00:45:14that's just

00:45:15enough

00:45:15that's right

00:45:17nobody wants

00:45:18to sell

00:45:18the company

00:45:19give the

00:45:20company away

00:45:20well it's a

00:45:22real art

00:45:22mixing your

00:45:23mixing your

00:45:24race gas

00:45:25and your

00:45:25pump gas

00:45:26for your

00:45:26vehicles that

00:45:27you drive

00:45:28around on a

00:45:29regular basis

00:45:29that are not

00:45:30very tolerant

00:45:32of lower

00:45:33octane fuels

00:45:34my Velocet for

00:45:36example

00:45:36chain

00:45:37boy you know

00:45:40factory spec

00:45:4138 degrees of

00:45:42spark lead

00:45:43and if you

00:45:46run 91

00:45:47California 91

00:45:48in there you

00:45:49can get some

00:45:49pinking particularly

00:45:51on the

00:45:51transition

00:45:52part if you

00:45:54go full if

00:45:55you go if

00:45:55you give it

00:45:55lots of

00:45:56throttle it

00:45:57it tends to

00:45:58knock less but

00:45:59if you're on

00:45:59the if you're

00:46:01on the slide

00:46:01cutaway that

00:46:02works most of

00:46:03the time it's

00:46:05a little bit

00:46:05lean and it

00:46:06tends to

00:46:07knock

00:46:07that's why

00:46:09the old test

00:46:10for mixture

00:46:11strength on

00:46:11top was to

00:46:12roll off if

00:46:13you pick up

00:46:13revs just

00:46:14roll off a

00:46:15little if it

00:46:16picks up

00:46:16revs you

00:46:19know that it's

00:46:20rich so we

00:46:21should talk

00:46:21about slide

00:46:22carburetions

00:46:23we're you

00:46:24know we're

00:46:24everything's

00:46:25EFI now pretty

00:46:26much I mean

00:46:26there's the

00:46:27XR 650 and

00:46:28stuff and a

00:46:28few vestiges

00:46:29of carburation

00:46:31but most of

00:46:33the time we're

00:46:33just EFI

00:46:34everything because

00:46:34it's easy to

00:46:36control we put

00:46:36everything has

00:46:37sensors all

00:46:37over it anyway

00:46:38if it's been

00:46:39designed in the

00:46:39last 8 years

00:46:4010 years 15

00:46:41years whatever

00:46:42we're doing

00:46:43pretty good but

00:46:44there are plenty

00:46:45carburetors out

00:46:45there and there

00:46:46was that time

00:46:46where you had

00:46:47slide carburetors

00:46:48like your RD

00:46:49350 had a

00:46:5028 millimeter

00:46:51Makuni pair of

00:46:53those little slide

00:46:54moves up and

00:46:55down and you

00:46:57just it's

00:46:57connected to

00:46:57your cable but

00:46:58then we got

00:46:59CV carburetors

00:47:00as an SU on

00:47:02British cars and

00:47:03then all the

00:47:04Makunis and

00:47:04Kians with

00:47:06rubber

00:47:07diaphragms and

00:47:09air running

00:47:10under the

00:47:10piston creating

00:47:11a vacuum

00:47:12within the

00:47:12piston and

00:47:13that rubber

00:47:14diaphragm with

00:47:15the chamber

00:47:15above lifting

00:47:16the slide which

00:47:17had a needle

00:47:18connected to it

00:47:18why did we

00:47:19change Kevin

00:47:20what happened

00:47:21there well

00:47:22one of the

00:47:23things that

00:47:24can embarrass

00:47:28people is that

00:47:29if you've got

00:47:29a if you were

00:47:31riding a hot

00:47:31Bonneville in

00:47:321966 and

00:47:35you snap

00:47:37the throttle

00:47:37and it was

00:47:39a little

00:47:39disappointing

00:47:40you would

00:47:42have qualms

00:47:44about my

00:47:46buddies all

00:47:47told me to

00:47:47get the

00:47:48single carburetor

00:47:49bike because

00:47:49it runs better

00:47:50but I wanted

00:47:51the hottest

00:47:53of the hot

00:47:54so this

00:47:58is this

00:47:59is a

00:48:00compromise

00:48:00that has

00:48:01to be

00:48:01addressed

00:48:03so it's

00:48:07a fortunate

00:48:11thing that

00:48:12all the old

00:48:13carburetor

00:48:14guys wrote

00:48:15their memoirs

00:48:16and retired

00:48:17and they're

00:48:19no longer

00:48:20available to

00:48:21help us

00:48:22with carbureted

00:48:23bikes

00:48:23so we have

00:48:25to learn

00:48:25what they

00:48:26knew on

00:48:27our own

00:48:27and

00:48:29this is

00:48:32it requires

00:48:35persistence

00:48:36one of my

00:48:41favorite subjects

00:48:42I was

00:48:43looking into

00:48:45fuel evaporation

00:48:46going from

00:48:47one website

00:48:48to another

00:48:48reading technical

00:48:49papers

00:48:50some of

00:48:51which are

00:48:51so rich

00:48:53in

00:48:53impenetrable

00:48:55equations

00:48:56that I

00:48:56just walk

00:48:58on by

00:48:59but this

00:49:01one was

00:49:02a paper

00:49:03by some

00:49:04Japanese

00:49:05researchers

00:49:05who were

00:49:06investigating

00:49:08diesel

00:49:09combustion

00:49:11and

00:49:13in order

00:49:15to assure

00:49:16reproducible

00:49:18results

00:49:19instead of

00:49:21buying diesel

00:49:21fuel for

00:49:22this experiment

00:49:23they made

00:49:24an artificial

00:49:24fuel

00:49:25consisting

00:49:27of

00:49:28one third

00:49:30of the

00:49:32lightest

00:49:32fastest

00:49:33evaporating

00:49:34end of

00:49:35the diesel

00:49:36boiling range

00:49:37one third

00:49:38the high

00:49:40temperature

00:49:40boiling range

00:49:41and one

00:49:42right in

00:49:42the middle

00:49:42and this

00:49:44droplet

00:49:45was

00:49:46examined

00:49:47in great

00:49:48detail

00:49:49and high

00:49:49magnification

00:49:50as

00:49:51it was

00:49:52warmed up

00:49:53and when

00:49:56they warmed

00:49:56the droplet

00:49:57to the

00:49:57temperature

00:49:58at which

00:49:59the most

00:49:59volatile

00:50:00of the

00:50:00three

00:50:01fractions

00:50:01began to

00:50:02evaporate

00:50:03they saw

00:50:04a wonderful

00:50:05thing

00:50:05droplet

00:50:07quakes

00:50:07the

00:50:10stuff

00:50:11was

00:50:11inside

00:50:11the

00:50:12droplet

00:50:12and it's

00:50:12trying

00:50:13to

00:50:13evaporate

00:50:14and it

00:50:15blows

00:50:17the

00:50:17droplet

00:50:17up

00:50:18and when

00:50:20the

00:50:20temperature

00:50:21rose

00:50:21to that

00:50:22the boiling

00:50:23point

00:50:23of the

00:50:23middle

00:50:24fraction

00:50:24the process

00:50:25was repeated

00:50:26the droplet

00:50:27began to

00:50:27look like

00:50:28two dogs

00:50:28fighting

00:50:29in a

00:50:29sack

00:50:30the

00:50:32researchers

00:50:33of course

00:50:34are

00:50:34their

00:50:36calling

00:50:38is too

00:50:38dignified

00:50:39to

00:50:39use that

00:50:40type of

00:50:41language

00:50:41but

00:50:42that's

00:50:43what they

00:50:43were saying

00:50:44and

00:50:46so

00:50:46I

00:50:47think to

00:50:48myself

00:50:49that

00:50:50the front

00:50:50end of

00:50:51fuel

00:50:51is there

00:50:52for a

00:50:53multiplicity

00:50:54of reasons

00:50:54not just

00:50:55there for

00:50:55cold

00:50:56starting

00:50:56it's

00:50:57there to

00:50:58help

00:50:58explode

00:50:59those

00:50:59droplets

00:50:59encouragement

00:51:00yeah

00:51:02because

00:51:03as the

00:51:05droplets

00:51:05whiz into

00:51:06the engine

00:51:07I mentioned

00:51:08the 75

00:51:08degree

00:51:09Fahrenheit

00:51:09rise in

00:51:11temperature

00:51:11just passing

00:51:12through the

00:51:13intake valve

00:51:13and into

00:51:14the

00:51:14combustion

00:51:15space

00:51:15this

00:51:19helps

00:51:20to

00:51:21evaporate

00:51:22the

00:51:22droplets

00:51:23now

00:51:23the

00:51:24late

00:51:25Jim

00:51:25Chakala

00:51:26who ran

00:51:26a

00:51:27dino

00:51:27shop

00:51:28near

00:51:29Buffalo

00:51:29did a

00:51:31lot

00:51:31of

00:51:31business

00:51:31for

00:51:32years

00:51:32with

00:51:32snowmobile

00:51:33racers

00:51:33which

00:51:34meant

00:51:34low

00:51:34intake

00:51:35temperature

00:51:35but

00:51:37then he

00:51:37got going

00:51:37with

00:51:38dirt track

00:51:39people

00:51:39and

00:51:42he

00:51:43decided

00:51:43to get

00:51:44interested

00:51:45in

00:51:46fuel

00:51:48the

00:51:51pressure

00:51:51in

00:51:53sealed

00:51:53in

00:51:54sealed

00:51:56container

00:51:56and

00:51:58he

00:51:59found

00:51:59that

00:52:00by the

00:52:00time

00:52:00the

00:52:01fuel

00:52:01got

00:52:02to

00:52:02the

00:52:02user

00:52:03much

00:52:04of the

00:52:04front

00:52:05end

00:52:05of that

00:52:05fuel

00:52:06had

00:52:07evaporated

00:52:07when

00:52:09when

00:52:09it's

00:52:10decanted

00:52:12from

00:52:12a big

00:52:13storage

00:52:13tank

00:52:14into

00:52:15a

00:52:15truck

00:52:16for

00:52:16example

00:52:17that's

00:52:19one

00:52:20stage

00:52:20and

00:52:21there's

00:52:21a lot

00:52:21of

00:52:21disturbance

00:52:22there's

00:52:23a lot

00:52:23of

00:52:23splashing

00:52:24and

00:52:25there's

00:52:25a lot

00:52:26of

00:52:26air

00:52:26and

00:52:27fuel

00:52:27interfacing

00:52:28and

00:52:30finally

00:52:30some

00:52:31guy

00:52:31in the

00:52:31back

00:52:32of a

00:52:32big

00:52:32shop

00:52:33is

00:52:33filling

00:52:33the

00:52:33five

00:52:34gallon

00:52:34tins

00:52:34that

00:52:34you're

00:52:35going

00:52:35to buy

00:52:35and

00:52:35take

00:52:35to the

00:52:36races

00:52:36so

00:52:37what

00:52:37old

00:52:38Jim

00:52:38who

00:52:39is

00:52:39unfortunately

00:52:40no

00:52:40longer

00:52:40with

00:52:41us

00:52:41what

00:52:42he

00:52:42discovered

00:52:43was

00:52:43that

00:52:44by

00:52:45the

00:52:45time

00:52:45it

00:52:45gets

00:52:46to

00:52:46the

00:52:46user

00:52:46much

00:52:47of

00:52:48the

00:52:48front

00:52:48end

00:52:48of

00:52:48the

00:52:48fuel

00:52:49is

00:52:49gone

00:52:49and

00:52:50so

00:52:50with

00:52:51that

00:52:51have

00:52:51gone

00:52:52some

00:52:53revs

00:52:53off

00:52:53the

00:52:53top

00:52:54some

00:52:54in

00:52:54the

00:52:55middle

00:52:55so

00:52:55he

00:52:55decided

00:52:56I'm

00:52:58going

00:52:58to

00:52:59add

00:52:59isopentane

00:53:01to

00:53:01this

00:53:01fuel

00:53:01and

00:53:02see

00:53:02if

00:53:03I

00:53:03can

00:53:03get

00:53:04that

00:53:04back

00:53:04and

00:53:04he

00:53:04found

00:53:05that

00:53:05he

00:53:05could

00:53:05so

00:53:07there's

00:53:11wonderful

00:53:11complexity

00:53:12here

00:53:12well

00:53:13I just

00:53:13went down

00:53:13to

00:53:13isopentane

00:53:14depot

00:53:15and

00:53:15picked

00:53:15some

00:53:15up

00:53:16or

00:53:16yeah

00:53:17I asked

00:53:18him

00:53:18I was

00:53:19talking

00:53:19to him

00:53:19on the

00:53:20phone

00:53:20I said

00:53:20what

00:53:21did

00:53:21you do

00:53:22he said

00:53:22I ordered

00:53:23it from

00:53:23chemical

00:53:24supply

00:53:24they're

00:53:26happy

00:53:26to do

00:53:27business

00:53:27they send

00:53:28it right

00:53:28to me

00:53:28wow

00:53:29I think

00:53:30I've

00:53:30mentioned

00:53:30to you

00:53:30I tried

00:53:31to get

00:53:31some

00:53:31tetraalpha

00:53:32lead

00:53:32once

00:53:32oh

00:53:33it was

00:53:36the 80s

00:53:36and I

00:53:37was running

00:53:37around

00:53:38on vintage

00:53:38equipment

00:53:39and I

00:53:39wanted to

00:53:39get some

00:53:40lead in

00:53:40my gas

00:53:41get some

00:53:41detonation

00:53:41resistance

00:53:42and I

00:53:43don't know

00:53:44protect

00:53:44theoretically

00:53:45protect my

00:53:46valve seats

00:53:46which turned

00:53:47out they were

00:53:48already hardened

00:53:48anyways

00:53:48but so I

00:53:51had a friend

00:53:51working at the

00:53:52chemical company

00:53:53I'm like

00:53:53hey

00:53:53what do you

00:53:55think Robert

00:53:55you know

00:53:56can you get

00:53:56me a drum

00:53:57of that

00:53:57stuff

00:53:57I could

00:53:58just add

00:53:58it to

00:53:58my own

00:53:58fuel

00:53:59and he's

00:53:59like I

00:53:59don't

00:53:59know

00:53:59let me

00:54:00look

00:54:00into

00:54:00that

00:54:00yeah

00:54:01and he

00:54:01came back

00:54:02and he's

00:54:02like he

00:54:03says well

00:54:03hey you

00:54:04don't want

00:54:04it because

00:54:05it's one

00:54:06of the most

00:54:06toxic things

00:54:07that we've

00:54:08ever isolated

00:54:09and also be

00:54:11you can't have

00:54:12it because the

00:54:13drums that we

00:54:14have that have

00:54:14it in it are

00:54:15on scales

00:54:16because it's so

00:54:17tightly regulated

00:54:18every every ounce

00:54:20that goes out of

00:54:21that drum is

00:54:22measured and

00:54:23they know where

00:54:23it goes

00:54:23there's no

00:54:24like spilling

00:54:24some off

00:54:25for your

00:54:25buddy

00:54:26yeah

00:54:26put into

00:54:27his

00:54:27fuel at

00:54:29home

00:54:29the way

00:54:29I remember

00:54:30it is

00:54:30you have

00:54:30to have

00:54:31a license

00:54:31to possess

00:54:33it

00:54:34you have

00:54:35to have

00:54:35a license

00:54:36to pour

00:54:36it out

00:54:37of one

00:54:37container

00:54:38and into

00:54:38another

00:54:39and there's

00:54:39a third

00:54:40license

00:54:40that's required

00:54:41but I'm

00:54:41not I

00:54:42don't remember

00:54:42what that

00:54:43was

00:54:43but yes

00:54:44tetraethyl

00:54:45lead is

00:54:46a combination

00:54:48of four

00:54:49ethyl groups

00:54:50connected to

00:54:51a lead

00:54:52atom

00:54:52lead

00:54:53a heavy

00:54:54metal

00:54:55the most

00:54:57poisonous

00:54:57substance

00:54:58that

00:54:58supposedly

00:55:01exists

00:55:01is

00:55:02dimethyl

00:55:04mercury

00:55:05and it

00:55:06was used

00:55:06as a

00:55:07standard

00:55:07for

00:55:08extreme

00:55:09toxicity

00:55:10but then

00:55:10they decided

00:55:11that it

00:55:11was too

00:55:12dangerous

00:55:12to be

00:55:13used

00:55:13and

00:55:15they had

00:55:16to use

00:55:16something

00:55:17else

00:55:17but

00:55:17those

00:55:19ethyl

00:55:20groups

00:55:20ethyl

00:55:22alcohol

00:55:22is familiar

00:55:23to all

00:55:23of us

00:55:24and the

00:55:25body

00:55:25sees

00:55:26those

00:55:26ethyl

00:55:26groups

00:55:27coming

00:55:27and yeah

00:55:28you guys

00:55:28are okay

00:55:29come on

00:55:29in

00:55:30but they've

00:55:31got that

00:55:31lead molecule

00:55:32with them

00:55:33and it

00:55:34does bad

00:55:35things to

00:55:35us

00:55:35so

00:55:37for so

00:55:41many reasons

00:55:41they decided

00:55:42to discontinue

00:55:44lead and

00:55:44fuel and you

00:55:45could get

00:55:45leaded race

00:55:46gas

00:55:46and for

00:55:49a time

00:55:49you could

00:55:50get

00:55:50leaded fuel

00:55:52for aviation

00:55:53purposes

00:55:54when

00:55:56when I

00:55:56bought

00:55:57some

00:55:57115

00:55:57145

00:55:59in

00:55:59late

00:56:00in

00:56:001973

00:56:01they were

00:56:04calling it

00:56:05helicopter

00:56:05gas

00:56:06because

00:56:07helicopters

00:56:08were the

00:56:09only engines

00:56:10their engines

00:56:11were the

00:56:11only ones

00:56:11that could

00:56:12not be

00:56:12derated

00:56:13to run

00:56:14on

00:56:15blue or

00:56:16green gas

00:56:17115

00:56:19145

00:56:20was

00:56:21purple

00:56:22gas

00:56:22wonderful

00:56:24stuff

00:56:25yeah we're

00:56:25down to

00:56:25low lead

00:56:26100

00:56:26in aviation

00:56:27and then

00:56:27they are

00:56:28phasing

00:56:28the lead

00:56:29out of

00:56:30some aviation

00:56:30fuels

00:56:31they're still

00:56:31working on

00:56:32that

00:56:32yeah

00:56:33and you

00:56:34can get

00:56:35your

00:56:35you can

00:56:35call your

00:56:36sunoco

00:56:36and you

00:56:37can get

00:56:37your

00:56:37110

00:56:38octane

00:56:39lead

00:56:39if you

00:56:40need it

00:56:40certainly

00:56:42the jaguars

00:56:43like it

00:56:43and the

00:56:44veloset

00:56:45does like

00:56:45it too

00:56:46the guys

00:56:47on the

00:56:47veloset

00:56:48rally

00:56:48haven't been

00:56:50for a number

00:56:50of years

00:56:51because it

00:56:51conflicts

00:56:51with our

00:56:53kind of

00:56:53family

00:56:53vacation

00:56:55that we

00:56:56have every

00:56:57year

00:56:57and I

00:56:57can't

00:56:58make the

00:56:58veloset

00:56:59rally

00:56:59but

00:56:59the last

00:57:00time that

00:57:01I went

00:57:01I took

00:57:01a big

00:57:02jug

00:57:02of

00:57:02leaded

00:57:03110

00:57:04and by

00:57:05the third

00:57:06day of

00:57:06the rally

00:57:06someone

00:57:07noticed

00:57:07that my

00:57:07fishtail

00:57:08on my

00:57:08bike

00:57:09the

00:57:09velosets

00:57:10have a

00:57:10fishtail

00:57:11exhaust

00:57:11which they're

00:57:12famous for

00:57:12the fishtail

00:57:14had a

00:57:14gray

00:57:14haze

00:57:15out of

00:57:16the round

00:57:17perforations

00:57:18at the

00:57:18back

00:57:18and I

00:57:20was called

00:57:20out for

00:57:21using

00:57:21cheater

00:57:21gas

00:57:22because it's

00:57:22a very

00:57:23big deal

00:57:23to finishing

00:57:25the veloset

00:57:25rally without

00:57:26problems

00:57:27is a big

00:57:28deal

00:57:28getting to

00:57:29the end

00:57:29and you

00:57:31don't want

00:57:31to win

00:57:31the crock

00:57:32award

00:57:32which is

00:57:33when you

00:57:34don't make

00:57:35it or you

00:57:35have the

00:57:35most failures

00:57:36it used

00:57:38to be

00:57:38that when

00:57:39you went

00:57:40from

00:57:40grand prix

00:57:41to grand

00:57:42prix

00:57:42in european

00:57:43racing

00:57:44in the

00:57:46early days

00:57:47you had

00:57:48to use

00:57:48the local

00:57:49official

00:57:50gasoline

00:57:51and it

00:57:52could be

00:57:53anything

00:57:53so

00:57:56kelker others

00:58:00among others

00:58:00and long

00:58:03tradition

00:58:03before him

00:58:04carried a

00:58:05drum

00:58:06a small

00:58:07drum

00:58:07of toluene

00:58:08toluene

00:58:10is not

00:58:12too fast

00:58:13evaporating

00:58:14but has

00:58:14a really

00:58:14good octane

00:58:15number

00:58:15back in

00:58:17the early

00:58:18days of

00:58:19tetraethyl

00:58:20lead

00:58:20the british

00:58:22decided not

00:58:23to approve

00:58:23it because

00:58:24it was so

00:58:25poisonous

00:58:25so for a

00:58:27long time

00:58:28in the

00:58:29US

00:58:29they're

00:58:30using

00:58:30leaded

00:58:31fuel

00:58:31from

00:58:31what

00:58:331923

00:58:33or so

00:58:34and in

00:58:36Britain

00:58:37in order

00:58:38to boost

00:58:38the octane

00:58:39of casing

00:58:40head

00:58:40gasoline

00:58:41which is

00:58:41as I

00:58:42said

00:58:42just

00:58:43whatever

00:58:43boils

00:58:44out of

00:58:44petroleum

00:58:45between

00:58:46two

00:58:46temperatures

00:58:47could be

00:58:48anything

00:58:48a mixture

00:58:49of 200

00:58:50different

00:58:50possibilities

00:58:51they

00:58:56could

00:58:57boost

00:58:58their

00:58:59octane

00:59:00with

00:59:00a bit

00:59:01of toluene

00:59:02and

00:59:03not

00:59:04detonate

00:59:05as

00:59:07you know

00:59:08in those

00:59:09days

00:59:09you were

00:59:10always

00:59:10looking

00:59:11for

00:59:11detonation

00:59:12in the

00:59:14form of

00:59:15something

00:59:16that

00:59:16resembled

00:59:17a tiny

00:59:18speck

00:59:18of

00:59:19cigarette

00:59:20ash

00:59:20on

00:59:22the

00:59:22spark plug

00:59:23electrodes

00:59:24that

00:59:25used to

00:59:25be

00:59:26aluminum

00:59:26and

00:59:30this

00:59:30is

00:59:30why

00:59:30modern

00:59:32engines

00:59:32have

00:59:32detonation

00:59:33sensors

00:59:34and spark

00:59:35retard

00:59:36systems

00:59:36to

00:59:37protect

00:59:37them

00:59:38from

00:59:38the

00:59:38occasional

00:59:39nasty

00:59:40gasoline

00:59:40so

00:59:42so

00:59:44the

00:59:44bottom

00:59:47line

00:59:47to

00:59:48all

00:59:48of

00:59:49this

00:59:49talk

00:59:50that

00:59:50we've

00:59:50made

00:59:50today

00:59:51is

00:59:51that

00:59:52mixture

00:59:53preparation

00:59:55has been

00:59:56fully

00:59:56automated

00:59:57in

00:59:58both

00:59:59production

00:59:59and racing

01:00:00modern

01:00:00stuff

01:00:01and it's

01:00:02a wonderful

01:00:03thing

01:00:03because

01:00:04there were

01:00:05so many

01:00:05problems

01:00:06and such

01:00:07subtlety

01:00:08in solving

01:00:08them

01:00:09that it's

01:00:10nice to

01:00:11just

01:00:11put that

01:00:12aside

01:00:13we know

01:00:14we don't

01:00:15die of

01:00:15smallpox

01:00:16anymore

01:00:16we dealt

01:00:17with that

01:00:17mixture

01:00:18preparation

01:00:19has been

01:00:20dealt

01:00:20with

01:00:21it's pretty

01:00:23great

01:00:24anyone

01:00:27who's

01:00:27ever

01:00:28rebuilt

01:00:28a car

01:00:29carburetor

01:00:29the

01:00:30little

01:00:30kit

01:00:30comes

01:00:32in a

01:00:32little

01:00:33packet

01:00:33and there's

01:00:34o-rings

01:00:35and

01:00:35little

01:00:36balls

01:00:37and

01:00:37a

01:00:38folded

01:00:38up

01:00:39document

01:00:39in

01:00:40very

01:00:40tiny

01:00:40print

01:00:41and

01:00:42the

01:00:43worst

01:00:43part

01:00:43is

01:00:44trying

01:00:44to get

01:00:45the

01:00:45choke

01:00:45system

01:00:46to

01:00:46work

01:00:46by

01:00:47bending

01:00:47various

01:00:48levers

01:00:48to

01:00:49match

01:00:50the

01:00:51printed

01:00:52ideal

01:00:53on the

01:00:54instructions

01:00:54I had

01:00:57an 86

01:00:57Toyota

01:00:58pickup

01:00:58I bought

01:00:59it with

01:00:59300,000

01:01:00miles

01:01:00and it

01:01:00ran

01:01:01okay

01:01:01but

01:01:01the guy

01:01:02I bought

01:01:02it from

01:01:02said to

01:01:03me

01:01:03I'll be

01:01:04honest

01:01:04with you

01:01:04man

01:01:04I've

01:01:05done

01:01:05nothing

01:01:05but

01:01:05abuse

01:01:06this

01:01:06thing

01:01:06I just

01:01:06use

01:01:07it

01:01:07to

01:01:07commute

01:01:07and

01:01:08whatever

01:01:08so I

01:01:09bought

01:01:09it

01:01:09anyway

01:01:09because

01:01:10it

01:01:10was

01:01:10Toyota

01:01:10had

01:01:10a

01:01:1122R

01:01:11and

01:01:11it

01:01:11was

01:01:12just

01:01:12Toyota's

01:01:13famous

01:01:13super

01:01:14ultra

01:01:15durable

01:01:15inline

01:01:16four

01:01:16cylinder

01:01:16they

01:01:16used

01:01:18and I'm

01:01:19a carburetor

01:01:19guy

01:01:19so I was

01:01:20going to

01:01:20rebuild

01:01:20that

01:01:21carburetor

01:01:21and

01:01:22I ordered

01:01:25the kit

01:01:25and I went

01:01:25to my

01:01:25auto parts

01:01:26store

01:01:26and I

01:01:26got the

01:01:27kit

01:01:27and

01:01:28lo and

01:01:29behold

01:01:29it was

01:01:29a box

01:01:30about

01:01:30this

01:01:30big

01:01:31and it

01:01:31had

01:01:32hundreds

01:01:33of parts

01:01:34in it

01:01:34maybe I'm

01:01:34exaggerating

01:01:35but it

01:01:35had

01:01:36a lot

01:01:37of parts

01:01:37and it

01:01:38had

01:01:38little

01:01:38tiny

01:01:39o-rings

01:01:39that might

01:01:39go on

01:01:40the end

01:01:40of this

01:01:40pencil

01:01:41it was

01:01:42just

01:01:42overwhelming

01:01:43and I

01:01:44took it

01:01:44to the

01:01:45small

01:01:45guy

01:01:45and he's

01:01:45like

01:01:46he says

01:01:48yeah

01:01:48this thing

01:01:48won't

01:01:48pass

01:01:49take it

01:01:50to Bob

01:01:51over at

01:01:51RPM

01:01:51carburetor

01:01:52and I

01:01:52don't know

01:01:52if Bob's

01:01:53still doing

01:01:53it I

01:01:53think he

01:01:54is but

01:01:54Bob did

01:01:56that carburetor

01:01:56for me

01:01:57but by

01:01:57the time

01:01:58you know

01:01:5889 came

01:01:59around

01:01:59the Ford

01:01:59F250

01:02:00they figured

01:02:01out single

01:02:02pintle

01:02:02fuel injectors

01:02:04and stuff

01:02:05and it

01:02:05works okay

01:02:06but they

01:02:06didn't have

01:02:06knock sensors

01:02:07and so you

01:02:09can buy a

01:02:09Bosch

01:02:09knock sensor

01:02:10that just

01:02:10bolts the

01:02:11outside of

01:02:11the engine

01:02:12but you

01:02:13have to

01:02:13have some

01:02:13means of

01:02:14connecting that

01:02:15to your

01:02:15ignition system

01:02:16to retard

01:02:17the timing

01:02:17so they

01:02:18can get

01:02:18rid of

01:02:19the detonation

01:02:19the way

01:02:20they dealt

01:02:20with it

01:02:20on the

01:02:20Ford

01:02:21F250

01:02:21was the

01:02:22maximum

01:02:23timing

01:02:23full advance

01:02:25all in

01:02:25is 28

01:02:27degrees

01:02:27I believe

01:02:28at

01:02:293400

01:02:32RPM

01:02:32and at

01:02:333000

01:02:34it's 26

01:02:35degrees

01:02:36that's not

01:02:37a lot of

01:02:37lead

01:02:38and they're

01:02:38doing that

01:02:39a lot

01:02:39a lot of

01:02:39lead

01:02:39and they're

01:02:41doing that

01:02:41because they're

01:02:42trying to

01:02:43make it

01:02:44run on 87

01:02:45and have

01:02:46absolute margin

01:02:47for detonation

01:02:48so that you

01:02:49don't get it

01:02:50whereas now

01:02:51what you pay

01:02:53for late

01:02:54timing

01:02:54is

01:02:55peak pressure

01:02:57is developed

01:02:58later in the

01:02:59cycle

01:02:59it is less

01:03:01effective in

01:03:02producing power

01:03:03and how do you

01:03:03respond

01:03:04by opening

01:03:05the throttle

01:03:05more

01:03:06so

01:03:07it's not

01:03:08very good

01:03:08for gas

01:03:09mileage

01:03:10no it's a

01:03:10yeah it's

01:03:11really doggy

01:03:11and so you

01:03:12you know

01:03:12you want to

01:03:13all of that

01:03:14is automated

01:03:15now

01:03:15now you have

01:03:16a knock

01:03:16sensor

01:03:17and so that

01:03:18makes you know

01:03:19that makes

01:03:19a fellow

01:03:20with the

01:03:2089 F250

01:03:21want to

01:03:21reprogram

01:03:22like can I

01:03:23get a box

01:03:23and reprogram

01:03:25all this stuff

01:03:25because then I

01:03:26can get the

01:03:26timing

01:03:27to do

01:03:28whatever I

01:03:28want to do

01:03:29but now

01:03:29you know

01:03:30I can get

01:03:30on this

01:03:31T7

01:03:31and it's

01:03:32going to

01:03:32know

01:03:33exactly

01:03:33where

01:03:34it should

01:03:34go

01:03:35it's going

01:03:36to give

01:03:36you all

01:03:36the timing

01:03:36that you

01:03:37have

01:03:37available

01:03:37and let's

01:03:38let's

01:03:39boogie

01:03:39it's nice

01:03:40the poor

01:03:41engine is

01:03:41thirsting

01:03:42for 36

01:03:43BTDC

01:03:44oh it wants

01:03:45it wants

01:03:4636

01:03:47at probably

01:03:4836

01:03:48at

01:03:493,500

01:03:50RPM

01:03:51is probably

01:03:51what it

01:03:51wants

01:03:52yeah

01:03:52and through

01:03:532,000

01:03:54you probably

01:03:54want 20

01:03:55probably want

01:03:5625 degrees

01:03:57at 2,000

01:03:57is what you

01:03:58probably want

01:03:59I've recurved

01:04:02many a thing

01:04:03I wish

01:04:04I could

01:04:04do a more

01:04:05accurate job

01:04:05recurving

01:04:06the Velocet

01:04:06but it's

01:04:07automatic

01:04:08timing device

01:04:09it has

01:04:09weights

01:04:09and springs

01:04:10the Yamaha

01:04:12XS650

01:04:13weights

01:04:13and springs

01:04:14it's got

01:04:14a long

01:04:14rod

01:04:14that goes

01:04:15through

01:04:15the center

01:04:16of the

01:04:16camshaft

01:04:17and one

01:04:17side

01:04:17the points

01:04:18is on

01:04:18and the

01:04:18other

01:04:18side

01:04:19is your

01:04:20weights

01:04:20and springs

01:04:21if you

01:04:22don't

01:04:22lubricate

01:04:23that

01:04:23it gets

01:04:23really

01:04:24sticky

01:04:24I've

01:04:24got a

01:04:25video

01:04:25I'll show

01:04:25it to

01:04:25you

01:04:26sometime

01:04:26it gets

01:04:26really

01:04:27sticky

01:04:27and then

01:04:27the springs

01:04:28get sacked

01:04:28out

01:04:28and so

01:04:29then you

01:04:30get full

01:04:30timing

01:04:30it's idling

01:04:32at 1000

01:04:33RPM

01:04:33and then

01:04:34you crack

01:04:34the throttle

01:04:34and at 1400

01:04:35full advance

01:04:37or the

01:04:39idle is

01:04:40unstable

01:04:40because the

01:04:41spark

01:04:41doesn't go

01:04:42back to

01:04:43base timing

01:04:44it's like

01:04:45I'm kind

01:04:46of stuck

01:04:47up here

01:04:47at 18

01:04:48degrees

01:04:48so the

01:04:48bike's

01:04:48like

01:04:49but if you

01:04:51drag the

01:04:52engine down

01:04:52sometimes the

01:04:53weights will

01:04:54go like if

01:04:54you put it

01:04:55against the

01:04:55clutch

01:04:55the weights

01:04:56will then

01:04:56retract

01:04:57and you

01:04:57rev it

01:05:00and it

01:05:00goes

01:05:00and it

01:05:02could

01:05:03or it

01:05:03could be

01:05:03that one

01:05:04of your

01:05:04carbs is

01:05:05lean

01:05:05you know

01:05:06and you

01:05:06have one

01:05:06of your

01:05:07screws in

01:05:07the wrong

01:05:07spot

01:05:08and that

01:05:08will make

01:05:08your idle

01:05:09hang

01:05:09and there's

01:05:11many many

01:05:11problems

01:05:11that we

01:05:12don't have

01:05:12anymore

01:05:13and some

01:05:14of us

01:05:14have a

01:05:15penchant

01:05:15for suffering

01:05:16and we

01:05:17still do

01:05:18it anyways

01:05:18yes

01:05:19well we

01:05:21put a

01:05:21Krober

01:05:21a German

01:05:22made

01:05:22Krober

01:05:23ignition

01:05:23on our

01:05:25750

01:05:26triple

01:05:27Kawasaki

01:05:27and

01:05:29those big

01:05:31cylinders are

01:05:32harder to

01:05:33start than

01:05:33the little

01:05:34167 cc's

01:05:36on the

01:05:36500 triple

01:05:37so I'm

01:05:38pushing it

01:05:39like it's

01:05:39a 500

01:05:40and it's

01:05:40kind of

01:05:40going

01:05:40and it

01:05:43started

01:05:43it didn't

01:05:44seem to

01:05:45run very

01:05:45well

01:05:45and

01:05:47he got

01:05:49it in

01:05:49neutral

01:05:49and he's

01:05:51looking at

01:05:51it

01:05:51finally he

01:05:53sort of

01:05:53shrugs

01:05:54pulls a

01:05:55clutch

01:05:55puts it

01:05:56in gear

01:05:56drives

01:05:59the way

01:05:59backwards

01:05:59this

01:06:04ignition

01:06:04would run

01:06:05backwards

01:06:05not well

01:06:06but it

01:06:07would result

01:06:09in some

01:06:09power so

01:06:10that was

01:06:12all in a

01:06:13day's work

01:06:13you know

01:06:13you're doing

01:06:14this and

01:06:14this comical

01:06:15thing happens

01:06:16but you're

01:06:17trying to

01:06:18make practice

01:06:18so you

01:06:19you know

01:06:19like

01:06:20Scarlett

01:06:20O'Hara

01:06:21I'll think

01:06:22about that

01:06:22tomorrow

01:06:23and

01:06:24you file

01:06:27it away

01:06:27and think

01:06:28about it

01:06:28later

01:06:28so that

01:06:32was Grant

01:06:33carburetors

01:06:35were a

01:06:37priesthood

01:06:38if you could

01:06:39make things

01:06:40work well

01:06:41on carburetors

01:06:42you were

01:06:43widely admired

01:06:44I hoped

01:06:45to become

01:06:46one of

01:06:46those wizards

01:06:47and I

01:06:48had

01:06:48moved up

01:06:50some levels

01:06:51so that I

01:06:52could see

01:06:52what they

01:06:53were doing

01:06:53but for

01:06:55example

01:06:56at

01:06:57Austin

01:06:58in 1981

01:06:59I was

01:07:00talking

01:07:00with

01:07:01Irv

01:07:01Kanemoto

01:07:01who

01:07:02became

01:07:03a master

01:07:05and he

01:07:07put up

01:07:08his hand

01:07:08because one

01:07:09of the

01:07:09Yamahas

01:07:10had started

01:07:10and then

01:07:12he said

01:07:13after a

01:07:14couple of

01:07:15seconds

01:07:15he said

01:07:15I think

01:07:18they've

01:07:18changed

01:07:18the

01:07:19power

01:07:19valve

01:07:20program

01:07:20oh

01:07:23engine

01:07:26sounds

01:07:26are

01:07:27information

01:07:28dense

01:07:29if you

01:07:30know

01:07:30that

01:07:30language

01:07:31yeah

01:07:32so

01:07:34the

01:07:36automated

01:07:37systems

01:07:37know

01:07:38that

01:07:38language

01:07:39yeah

01:07:40you can

01:07:40hear

01:07:40timing

01:07:41too

01:07:41you can

01:07:42hear

01:07:42your

01:07:42late

01:07:43timing

01:07:43or your

01:07:44early

01:07:44timings

01:07:44you can

01:07:45feel it

01:07:45in the

01:07:45way

01:07:46something

01:07:46moves

01:07:47through

01:07:47the

01:07:47mid

01:07:47range

01:07:48yeah

01:07:49there's

01:07:50all

01:07:50kinds

01:07:50of

01:07:51and

01:07:52think

01:07:52of

01:07:52think

01:07:53of

01:07:53think

01:07:54of

01:07:54the

01:07:54dreadful

01:07:55error

01:07:55that

01:07:56the

01:07:57magneto

01:07:57ignition

01:07:58that

01:07:58I

01:07:58first

01:07:58worked

01:07:59with

01:07:59on

01:08:00a

01:08:00250

01:08:00twin

01:08:01timing

01:08:02was

01:08:03two

01:08:03millimeters

01:08:03before

01:08:04top

01:08:04dead

01:08:04center

01:08:05from

01:08:06here

01:08:06to

01:08:06there

01:08:07which

01:08:08meant

01:08:08it

01:08:09was

01:08:09drastically

01:08:10too

01:08:10little

01:08:11at

01:08:116,000

01:08:12RPM

01:08:12and

01:08:14vastly

01:08:14too

01:08:15much

01:08:15at

01:08:1610,500

01:08:17so

01:08:18the

01:08:18engine

01:08:19was

01:08:19equally

01:08:20unhappy

01:08:20at

01:08:21almost

01:08:21all

01:08:21times

01:08:22it's

01:08:22like

01:08:22those

01:08:23the

01:08:23clock

01:08:24that is

01:08:24right

01:08:24twice

01:08:25a

01:08:25day

01:08:25as

01:08:27the

01:08:27engine

01:08:27accelerates

01:08:28there's

01:08:28one

01:08:28point

01:08:28at

01:08:28which

01:08:29the

01:08:29timing

01:08:29is

01:08:29correct

01:08:30and

01:08:31at

01:08:31all

01:08:31other

01:08:32RPM

01:08:32the

01:08:32timing

01:08:33is

01:08:33wrong

01:08:33and

01:08:34that's

01:08:35why

01:08:35we

01:08:35have

01:08:35mapped

01:08:36ignitions

01:08:36they

01:08:37find out

01:08:38the

01:08:39optimum

01:08:39timing

01:08:40for

01:08:40every

01:08:41RPM

01:08:41and

01:08:42throttle

01:08:42position

01:08:43and

01:08:43it's

01:08:43all

01:08:44canned

01:08:45into

01:08:46a

01:08:46vast

01:08:46memory

01:08:47in

01:08:48your

01:08:48ECU

01:08:48no

01:08:49it's

01:08:49great

01:08:50and

01:08:50it's

01:08:50being

01:08:51able

01:08:51to

01:08:51go

01:08:51to

01:08:52something

01:08:52like

01:08:52a

01:08:52tri-spark

01:08:53ignition

01:08:53on

01:08:54your

01:08:54Norton

01:08:54Commando

01:08:55or

01:08:55your

01:08:55vintage

01:08:55Triumph

01:08:56is

01:08:58spectacular

01:08:58because

01:08:59is that

01:09:00like

01:09:00burst

01:09:01mode

01:09:01on

01:09:01an

01:09:01automatic

01:09:02rifle

01:09:02it

01:09:03gives

01:09:03you

01:09:03a

01:09:04couple

01:09:04quick

01:09:04ones

01:09:05it

01:09:05does

01:09:06everything

01:09:07for you

01:09:07it does

01:09:08yeah

01:09:09you

01:09:10have

01:09:10a

01:09:10full

01:09:10curve

01:09:10the

01:09:11ignitec

01:09:12ignition

01:09:12it's

01:09:13a

01:09:13check

01:09:13company

01:09:14um

01:09:15ignitec

01:09:16is a

01:09:17programmable

01:09:17ignition

01:09:18box

01:09:18that

01:09:18you

01:09:18can

01:09:19use

01:09:19like

01:09:19dan

01:09:19may

01:09:20uses

01:09:21it

01:09:21on

01:09:21his

01:09:21he's

01:09:22the

01:09:22executive

01:09:22director

01:09:23for

01:09:23arma

01:09:23and

01:09:24he

01:09:24races

01:09:25a

01:09:25bmw

01:09:25flat

01:09:26twin

01:09:27the

01:09:27r75

01:09:28which

01:09:29I

01:09:29raced

01:09:30last

01:09:30year

01:09:30and

01:09:30I

01:09:31found

01:09:31out

01:09:31he

01:09:31had

01:09:31an

01:09:31ignitec

01:09:32ignition

01:09:32made

01:09:33it

01:09:33made

01:09:33an

01:09:33you

01:09:34know

01:09:34reluctor

01:09:35a

01:09:35pickup

01:09:35for

01:09:35it

01:09:35so

01:09:36he

01:09:36could

01:09:37program

01:09:37his

01:09:37curve

01:09:37and

01:09:38have

01:09:38a

01:09:38full

01:09:38curve

01:09:39rather

01:09:39than

01:09:40oh

01:09:40I'm

01:09:41going

01:09:41to

01:09:41run

01:09:41it

01:09:41at

01:09:4136

01:09:42and

01:09:44you

01:09:44know

01:09:44like

01:09:45early

01:09:45electronic

01:09:45ignitions

01:09:46were

01:09:46stepped

01:09:46you

01:09:47had

01:09:47an

01:09:47idle

01:09:47mode

01:09:48and

01:09:48then

01:09:48you

01:09:48had

01:09:48a

01:09:48full

01:09:48advanced

01:09:49mode

01:09:49and

01:09:49that's

01:09:49why

01:09:50you

01:09:50would

01:09:50do

01:09:50it

01:09:50on

01:09:50a

01:09:50Ducati

01:09:51in

01:09:521995

01:09:52they

01:09:53still

01:09:53had

01:09:53essentially

01:09:54a

01:09:54two

01:09:54mode

01:09:54there

01:09:55was

01:09:55a

01:09:55supposed

01:09:56curve

01:09:57but

01:09:57it

01:09:57was

01:09:57very

01:09:58vertical

01:09:59line

01:09:59between

01:09:59whatever

01:10:00the

01:10:00idle

01:10:00was

01:10:0010

01:10:01and

01:10:0136

01:10:01or

01:10:02whatever

01:10:02the

01:10:02max

01:10:02was

01:10:03I

01:10:03don't

01:10:03remember

01:10:03the

01:10:03numbers

01:10:04but

01:10:05it

01:10:05was

01:10:05essentially

01:10:05a

01:10:06straight

01:10:06line

01:10:06and

01:10:06the

01:10:06ignitech

01:10:07puts

01:10:08a

01:10:08programmable

01:10:08curve

01:10:09in

01:10:09so

01:10:09therefore

01:10:10you

01:10:10can

01:10:10pick

01:10:11you

01:10:12can

01:10:12listen

01:10:12for

01:10:12your

01:10:13detonation

01:10:13you

01:10:13can

01:10:14tread

01:10:15the

01:10:15line

01:10:16but

01:10:16they'll

01:10:16give

01:10:16you

01:10:16a

01:10:16curve

01:10:17right

01:10:17out

01:10:17of

01:10:17the

01:10:17box

01:10:17they've

01:10:18done

01:10:18this

01:10:19and

01:10:19they'll

01:10:20give

01:10:20you

01:10:20something

01:10:20that's

01:10:20perfectly

01:10:21safe

01:10:21for

01:10:21pump

01:10:21gas

01:10:22and

01:10:22you

01:10:22plug

01:10:23in

01:10:23a few

01:10:24wires

01:10:24it's

01:10:25terminated

01:10:25to go

01:10:26on your

01:10:26wiring

01:10:26harness

01:10:27and

01:10:27you

01:10:27put

01:10:27it

01:10:27in

01:10:28and

01:10:29then

01:10:29you

01:10:29just

01:10:30have

01:10:30it

01:10:30plug

01:10:31and

01:10:31play

01:10:32and

01:10:33it's

01:10:34got a

01:10:34serial

01:10:34port

01:10:35like

01:10:35what

01:10:35the

01:10:35hell

01:10:35is

01:10:36that

01:10:36it

01:10:37has

01:10:37a

01:10:37serial

01:10:37port

01:10:37that

01:10:38you

01:10:38plug

01:10:38into

01:10:38I

01:10:39have

01:10:39one

01:10:40extremely

01:10:41old

01:10:41laptop

01:10:41computer

01:10:42that's

01:10:43running

01:10:43MS

01:10:44DOS

01:10:44because

01:10:45everything

01:10:45else

01:10:45we

01:10:45do

01:10:45is

01:10:46Mac

01:10:46these

01:10:46days

01:10:46but

01:10:47none

01:10:48of

01:10:48the

01:10:48tuning

01:10:48softwares

01:10:49are

01:10:49typically

01:10:49available

01:10:50for

01:10:50Mac

01:10:50so

01:10:51you

01:10:51just

01:10:51use

01:10:51your

01:10:51old

01:10:51serial

01:10:52port

01:10:52you

01:10:52plug

01:10:53it

01:10:53in

01:10:53and

01:10:53I

01:10:53have

01:10:53that

01:10:53laptop

01:10:54and

01:10:54I

01:10:54see

01:10:55my

01:10:55chart

01:10:55and

01:10:56I

01:10:56see

01:10:56my

01:10:56ignition

01:10:57timings

01:10:57and

01:10:57I

01:10:57go

01:10:58I'm

01:10:58going

01:10:58to

01:10:58put

01:10:59a

01:10:59little

01:10:59more

01:10:59in

01:10:59mid

01:10:59range

01:10:59and

01:11:00see

01:11:00how

01:11:00it

01:11:00goes

01:11:00it's

01:11:01wonderful

01:11:01biggest

01:11:03change

01:11:04biggest

01:11:04change

01:11:05I still

01:11:06use a

01:11:06magneto

01:11:06on the

01:11:07Velo

01:11:07like

01:11:07a

01:11:07BTH

01:11:08and

01:11:08you

01:11:09know

01:11:09I

01:11:09bought

01:11:10new

01:11:10springs

01:11:10for

01:11:11it

01:11:11and

01:11:11the

01:11:11weights

01:11:11and

01:11:12the

01:11:12pivots

01:11:12are

01:11:12in

01:11:12pretty

01:11:13good

01:11:13condition

01:11:14and

01:11:15it's

01:11:15fine

01:11:15it's

01:11:16fine

01:11:16my

01:11:17erstwhile

01:11:18business

01:11:19partner

01:11:19from years

01:11:20ago

01:11:20had a

01:11:22sound

01:11:22effect

01:11:22that

01:11:23he

01:11:23made

01:11:23for

01:11:24a

01:11:25triumph

01:11:25with

01:11:26a

01:11:26stuck

01:11:27centrifugal

01:11:28advance

01:11:29he said

01:11:30you start

01:11:31the engine

01:11:31and it

01:11:32goes

01:11:32to

01:11:32tum

01:11:33tum

01:11:34tum

01:11:35tum

01:11:36tum

01:11:37tum

01:11:37then

01:11:40you

01:11:41could

01:11:41take

01:11:41that

01:11:41little

01:11:42chrome

01:11:42cover

01:11:43off

01:11:43with

01:11:43the

01:11:43two

01:11:43screws

01:11:44and

01:11:44see

01:11:45that's

01:11:46often

01:11:46true

01:11:46one

01:11:47reminding

01:11:48me

01:11:48that

01:11:48we

01:11:48had

01:11:48a

01:11:49we

01:11:49had

01:11:49a

01:11:49viewer

01:11:49of

01:11:50the

01:11:50podcast

01:11:51comment

01:11:51the

01:11:51other

01:11:52day

01:11:52that

01:11:52we

01:11:52need

01:11:52a

01:11:53compilation

01:11:53of

01:11:53Kevin

01:11:54Cameron's

01:11:54sounds

01:11:55and

01:11:58he's

01:11:59absolutely

01:11:59right

01:12:00we do

01:12:00we've

01:12:01all

01:12:01made

01:12:01engine

01:12:02sounds

01:12:03and

01:12:03all

01:12:03kinds

01:12:03of

01:12:04sounds

01:12:04as

01:12:04children

01:12:05and

01:12:05I

01:12:05never

01:12:06saw

01:12:06any

01:12:06reason

01:12:07to

01:12:07stop

01:12:07so

01:12:10music

01:12:10it's

01:12:11the

01:12:11music

01:12:11of

01:12:11life

01:12:12yes

01:12:13bah

01:12:14well

01:12:16we all

01:12:16know what

01:12:17that's

01:12:17what just

01:12:17happened

01:12:18bah

01:12:19oh

01:12:19okay

01:12:19we know

01:12:22what that

01:12:23is

01:12:23yes

01:12:24some

01:12:25of

01:12:25us

01:12:25well

01:12:28that's

01:12:28the

01:12:28difference

01:12:28between

01:12:28a slide

01:12:29carburetor

01:12:29and a

01:12:29cv

01:12:30carburetor

01:12:30slide

01:12:31carburetor

01:12:31you're

01:12:31connected

01:12:32cables

01:12:32connected

01:12:33to the

01:12:33slide

01:12:33and if

01:12:34you're

01:12:341,500

01:12:35your bad

01:12:37idea will

01:12:37be expressed

01:12:38perfectly

01:12:38yeah

01:12:39you get

01:12:40it

01:12:40the cv

01:12:43device

01:12:43is the

01:12:44calming

01:12:45hand

01:12:45of

01:12:46superior

01:12:47knowledge

01:12:47it's the

01:12:48damper

01:12:48yes

01:12:49stored in

01:12:50the carburetor

01:12:50yes so

01:12:51you go

01:12:52like this

01:12:52and the

01:12:53cv thing

01:12:54goes

01:12:54just gives

01:12:56you enough

01:12:57gives you a

01:12:58nice smooth

01:12:58ramp up

01:13:00yeah you

01:13:00throw your

01:13:01Norton

01:13:01commando

01:13:01on the

01:13:02dyno

01:13:02and you

01:13:02want to

01:13:03see what

01:13:03she's got

01:13:03which I

01:13:04did

01:13:04and I

01:13:05was

01:13:05chastised

01:13:06on the

01:13:06Norton

01:13:07forums

01:13:07because I

01:13:08published my

01:13:09unedited

01:13:11power curve

01:13:12it was the

01:13:13best run

01:13:14but I

01:13:14had snapped

01:13:16the throttle

01:13:16too hard

01:13:16like at

01:13:171500

01:13:17and it

01:13:19just

01:13:19there was

01:13:20nothing there

01:13:20so I

01:13:21went back

01:13:22and I

01:13:22rolled it

01:13:22again

01:13:22and it

01:13:23looked like

01:13:23a huge

01:13:24dip

01:13:24on the

01:13:25dyno

01:13:25graph

01:13:25because the

01:13:26engine

01:13:26was not

01:13:26making power

01:13:27for this

01:13:27short period

01:13:28while I

01:13:28recovered

01:13:29and then

01:13:30I picked

01:13:30it back

01:13:31up and

01:13:31I fed

01:13:31it in

01:13:32and we

01:13:32got a

01:13:33nice run

01:13:33out of

01:13:33it

01:13:33you can't

01:13:34give it

01:13:35everything

01:13:35at 1500

01:13:36there's

01:13:36no slide

01:13:37carburetor

01:13:38that is

01:13:39going to be

01:13:39able to

01:13:40deliver

01:13:40what you

01:13:41need

01:13:41when you

01:13:42ask that

01:13:43unanswerable

01:13:44question

01:13:44everything

01:13:45without

01:13:46velocity

01:13:46it's just

01:13:47not going

01:13:48to happen

01:13:48there's no

01:13:48signal

01:13:49no velocity

01:13:50whereas with

01:13:51a CV

01:13:52carburetor

01:13:52you're

01:13:53turning a

01:13:53butterfly

01:13:54and so

01:13:55you go

01:13:55everything

01:13:56and the

01:13:57air just

01:13:57is going

01:13:58like whatever

01:13:59and it's

01:13:59running

01:14:00at its

01:14:00velocity

01:14:01under that

01:14:01slide

01:14:02with the

01:14:03holes in

01:14:03it

01:14:03and it's

01:14:04creating a

01:14:04vacuum

01:14:04in the

01:14:05slide

01:14:05in the

01:14:06sealed

01:14:06chamber

01:14:07with the

01:14:07rubber

01:14:07diaphragm

01:14:08and so

01:14:09it is

01:14:09only going

01:14:10to move

01:14:10as much

01:14:11as the

01:14:11air

01:14:11tells it

01:14:11to

01:14:12you can

01:14:12be as

01:14:12insane

01:14:13as you

01:14:13want

01:14:14and it

01:14:14will run

01:14:15nicely

01:14:15although my

01:14:16friend

01:14:16Ed

01:14:16Millich

01:14:17of

01:14:17duck

01:14:17power

01:14:18dot com

01:14:18he's a

01:14:20Ducati

01:14:21guy

01:14:21and a

01:14:22Gucci

01:14:22guy

01:14:23and a

01:14:23pinball

01:14:24guy

01:14:24but he

01:14:25says

01:14:26what do

01:14:27you call

01:14:28them

01:14:28slovenly

01:14:28CV

01:14:29carburetors

01:14:30because I

01:14:30have the

01:14:30CV

01:14:31carburetors

01:14:31on my

01:14:3295

01:14:33it's a

01:14:33very stock

01:14:34motorcycle

01:14:34aside from

01:14:35the ignition

01:14:35and he

01:14:37calls them

01:14:37he's a

01:14:38flat slide

01:14:38guy

01:14:39because there's

01:14:39the key

01:14:39in kits

01:14:40where you

01:14:40can either

01:14:40have them

01:14:41racked or

01:14:41individual

01:14:42carburetors

01:14:43on the

01:14:43cylinders

01:14:44slovenly

01:14:45CV

01:14:45carburetors

01:14:46they are

01:14:47not as

01:14:48peppy

01:14:49sometimes as

01:14:50your flat

01:14:51slide

01:14:51it's fine

01:14:52so

01:14:53not

01:14:55everything's

01:14:55a race

01:14:56almost all

01:14:58the time

01:14:58but not

01:14:58all the

01:14:59time

01:14:59well thanks

01:15:01for listening

01:15:01folks

01:15:02mixture

01:15:04formation

01:15:05hope you

01:15:06liked it

01:15:06share with

01:15:07your other

01:15:08one and a

01:15:09half friends

01:15:10who might

01:15:10also like

01:15:11it

01:15:11we appreciate

01:15:14you taking

01:15:14the ride

01:15:15with us

01:15:15and we

01:15:16will catch

01:15:16you next

01:15:17time

01:15:17thank you

Category

Transcript

Be the first to comment

Recommended