Joints and Ligaments _ Learn Skeleton Anatomy

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Joints and ligaments form the framework of movement and stability. Fibrous ligaments connect bones, providing support and strength to joints. Understanding the intricate anatomy of joints and ligaments is crucial for maintaining mobility and preventing injuries. By learning about these structures, we gain insight into the remarkable mechanics of the human skeleton

Transcript

00:00Joints are fundamental anatomical structures that connect bones holding the human skeleton together.

00:05They are crucial for supporting movement and providing stability throughout the body.

00:10Without joints, our complex range of motion would be impossible.

00:16The knee joint, for instance, allows for the essential flexion of the legs.

00:20It also plays a vital role in absorbing the significant forces generated

00:24during activities like running and walking.

00:26Understanding joints is key to comprehending human biomechanics.

00:31Joints can be systematically categorized in two primary ways.

00:35The first method classifies them by their function, specifically their range of motion.

00:39This approach helps us understand how much movement a particular joint allows.

00:45The second method categorizes joints based on their structure,

00:49referring to the material that holds the bones together.

00:52This structural classification provides insight into the composition and stability of different joint types.

01:00Both perspectives are essential for a comprehensive understanding.

01:05Joints are grouped into three functional categories based on their mobility.

01:09Synarthroses are immovable joints, providing strong, stable connections.

01:14An example includes the sutures found in the skull, which tightly interlock cranial bones.

01:21Amphiarthroses are joints that permit only slight movement.

01:24These joints offer a balance between stability and limited flexibility.

01:29The distal joint between the tibia and fibula in the lower leg is a classic example of an amphiarthrosis.

01:36Diarthroses are freely movable joints allowing for a wide range of motion.

01:41Most joints in the upper and lower limbs fall into this category.

01:46The elbow, shoulder, and ankle are prime examples of diarthrosis,

01:51facilitating extensive movement.

01:54Beyond their function, joints are also classified by their structural composition.

01:59This categorization divides them into fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints.

02:05Each type is defined by the material connecting the bones

02:09and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.

02:12This structural classification provides a deeper understanding of the anatomical makeup of joints.

02:18It explains why certain joints exhibit specific ranges of motion and how they are adapted for their roles.

02:27Fibrous joints are characterized by the presence of thick connective tissue between articulating bones.

02:33Most fibrous joints are immovable, classifying them as synarthrosis.

02:38This strong fibrous tissue provides exceptional stability.

02:43There are three distinct types of fibrous joints.

02:46Sutures are non-moving joints found exclusively in the skull, where serrated edges of bones interlock.

02:53Gumphoses are fibrous articulations between teeth and their bony sockets in the mandible or maxilla, also immovable.

03:03Syndysmosis involve a ligament connecting two bones, allowing for a small degree of movement.

03:09The distal joint between the tibia and fibula is an example of a syndysmosis, demonstrating slight flexibility.

03:18Cartilaginous joints are those where bones are united by cartilage.

03:22These joints offer varying degrees of movement, typically more than fibrous joints, but less than synovial joints.

03:29They are crucial for shock absorption and flexibility.

03:33Two types of cartilaginous joints exist.

03:35A synchondrosis is an immovable cartilaginous joint, such as the joint between the first pair of ribs and the sternum.

03:43These joints provide rigid connections.

03:46A symphysis consists of a compressible fibrocartilaginous pad connecting two bones.

03:52This type allows for some movement, acting as a shock absorber.

03:56Examples include the pubic symphysis and the intervertebral discs between vertebrae.

04:02Synovial joints are the most common and complex type, characterized by an articular capsule enclosing a fluid-filled cavity.

04:10Bone surfaces within these joints are covered by articular cartilage, reducing friction.

04:16Ligaments often reinforce synovial joints, limiting excessive movement and preventing injury.

04:23There are six distinct types of synovial joints, each facilitating specific movements.

04:28Gliding joints allow bones to slide past each other on a single plane,

04:33as seen in the intervertebral joints and the bones of the wrists and ankles.

04:38Inge joints move on a single axis, permitting flexion and extension.

04:43The elbow and finger joints are prime examples of hinge joints.

04:48Pivot joints provide rotational movement, like the atlas and axis vertebrae, allowing head rotation.

04:55Condyloid joints allow for circular motion, flexion and extension, as exemplified by the wrist joint.

05:02Saddle joints permit flexion, extension and other movements, but no rotation,

05:06notably the thumb saddle joint, enabling opposition.

05:10Finally, ball and socket joints are freely moving joints that can rotate on any axis.

05:15The hip and shoulder joints are classic examples, offering the widest range of motion in the human body.

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