00:00The island of Madagascar is located in the Indian Ocean off the East coast of Africa.
00:08This island is not just an ordinary island, it is often referred to as an evolutionary laboratory because of its wealth of endemic species.
00:21Madagascar separated from the African continent about 88 million years ago.
00:27The island is approximately 1,600 km long and 580 km wide with a very diverse landscape ranging from dense tropical rainforests, iconic highlands, dry grasslands to beautiful beaches.
00:49Madagascar is the most unique place in the world.
00:51Due to geographic isolation over millions of years, Madagascar has become home to very unique flora and fauna,
01:00where there are around 90% of species that cannot be found anywhere else.
01:06The island has a very varied landscape,
01:27starting from the tropical rainforest in the east,
01:32to the central highlands and dry savanna in the west.
01:37And one of the most spectacular places on the island is Singi de Bemaraha.
01:46A sharp limestone landscape that looks like something out of another world,
01:50This place is even recognized as a world heritage site by UNESCO.
01:54In addition, the beaches in Madagascar,
02:01such as in Nossi Bay and Il Santamari,
02:04offering alluring white sand and clear blue water.
02:07But the main attraction of this island is not only that.
02:11Madagascar has a very interesting culture.
02:14The inhabitants are called Malagasy,
02:17is a mix of African and Southeast Asian descent.
02:21Their official language is Malagasy,
02:24but French is also commonly used due to colonial history.
02:30Here there are many famous unique traditions,
02:33and one of them is a tradition called Fama Dihana,
02:38known as the bone turning tradition.
02:41In this tradition,
02:44a family opens the grave of their long-buried ancestor,
02:49then dug up and rewrapped the body in new cloth.
02:54They celebrate it with dancing accompanied by music.
02:58This tradition depicts deep respect for ancestors.
03:02But the main attraction of this island is of course its endemic species,
03:10which has 90% flora and fauna
03:13which cannot be found anywhere else but here.
03:19Lemur
03:20The icon of Madagascar is a unique primate that is in the spotlight.
03:25There are more than 100 species of lemurs,
03:28starting from this cute ring-tailed lemur.
03:37Ringtail lemur
03:40is one of the most famous lemur species in the world
03:44with unique appearance and interesting social behavior.
03:48This animal has become an icon of Madagascar.
03:50and a major attraction for wildlife lovers.
03:54With their distinctive ring patterned tails.
04:01Their name comes from their long tails.
04:04and decorated with alternating black and white rings
04:07which amounts to approximately 13 to 15 rings.
04:12This tail is often used for visual communication.
04:15with other lemur groups.
04:17Lemurs have gray furry bodies.
04:25with a white face and black muzzle
04:27and dark circles around their eyes
04:30which resembles a mask.
04:33They weigh around 2 to 3.5 kilograms.
04:36With a body length of around 39 to 46 cm
04:43plus a tail 56 to 63 cm long.
04:49Ring-tailed lemurs are only found in Madagascar.
04:52especially in the southern and western parts of the island.
04:56They live in a variety of habitats
04:57such as dry deciduous forests,
05:00thorny bushes,
05:02and gallery forests along the river.
05:04Although flexible to various types of environments,
05:08they prefer habitat
05:09with low trees and rocky areas.
05:13These animals live in large groups
05:15which is called trup,
05:16consisting of 6 to 30 individuals.
05:20Interestingly, they are a matriarchal species.
05:23where the female has a position
05:25the more dominant
05:26and most specialized in the group.
05:29Unlike many other lemurs,
05:36Ring-tailed lemurs are active during the day
05:38or diurnal.
05:40They are often seen sunbathing in the morning.
05:43with a unique position
05:44like yoga poses,
05:47with outstretched arms
05:49to catch the sun
05:50in the morning.
05:51And the way they communicate is also very unique.
06:00They use voice,
06:02facial expressions,
06:03and tail to communicate.
06:06One of their characteristics is the smell war
06:09where the males rub their tails
06:11with scent glands
06:12and flick it towards the opponent.
06:15Ring-tailed lemurs are omnivorous animals.
06:21But their main food is plants.
06:24Their diet includes
06:26fruits,
06:27young leaves,
06:28flower,
06:29bark,
06:30insect,
06:31and small animals
06:31as a protein supplement.
06:34Their ability to eat
06:36various types of food
06:37help them survive
06:39in this harsh environment.
06:40But in this place
06:44not only inhabited by ring-tailed lemurs.
06:48This is also the place of lemurs
06:50the largest among other lemurs,
06:52that is
06:53Indri Lemur
06:55or Indri-Indri is one of the lemur species
06:58the most unique and the biggest
07:00who live in Madagascar.
07:02With a beautiful calling voice
07:04and interesting behavior,
07:06Indri becomes an icon of diversity
07:08life of this island.
07:10Indri is also known as
07:15Baba Koto
07:16by local residents
07:17which means little father
07:19in Malagasy
07:20which shows
07:22cultural closeness to this animal.
07:25Indri is the largest lemur
07:27with body length
07:29about 64 to 72 cm
07:32and weighs 6 to 9.5 kg.
07:38Unlike other lemurs,
07:40Indri does not have a long tail
07:42whose tail is very short,
07:44almost invisible.
07:47Their fur is usually black and white.
07:49with patterns that vary from individual to individual.
07:54Their facial parts are black
07:55with big bright yellow eyes.
08:00Indri has long and strong legs
08:02allows them to jump
08:04up to 10 meters
08:06from one tree to another.
08:09Indri is only found in tropical rainforests
08:12in eastern Madagascar.
08:14Living in a forest with tall trees
08:16which is the ideal place
08:18to jump and take cover.
08:20They rarely come down to the ground
08:23and spent almost his entire life
08:25in the forest canopy.
08:27Indri is a social animal
08:29live in small groups
08:31consisting of 2 to 6 individuals
08:34usually in pairs and monogamous in nature
08:36with their children.
08:40One of the most unique characteristics of Indri
08:42is the sound of his call
08:44melodious and strong,
08:46often referred to as
08:47forest song.
08:50This sound can be heard
08:52up to 2 kilometers away.
08:55Commonly used
08:56marking territory,
08:57communicate with members
08:59or group
09:00and build social bonds.
09:03Indri is a diurnal animal,
09:05active during the day.
09:07They usually spend time
09:08to find food,
09:10rest,
09:11and strengthen group relationships
09:13through social care.
09:14Indri is a herbivore
09:16which is very fertile.
09:18They eat young leaves,
09:20flower,
09:20fruits,
09:21and grains.
09:23Their food choices
09:24depending on the season
09:25and availability in the forest.
09:29Indri has a level
09:30low reproduction.
09:32Females only give birth
09:33one child every 2 to 3 years.
09:36After a time,
09:37pregnancy around
09:38120 to 150 days.
09:41Indri's child will be treated
09:44by its parent
09:45at least 2 years
09:47before becoming independent.
09:49Indri has a life expectancy
09:50around 20 to 25 years
09:53in the wild.
10:01Besides the ring-tailed lemur
10:03and the Indri lemur,
10:05It turns out there are still other lemurs
10:06who live here,
10:07that is
10:08The Sivaka lemur is
10:10one of the largest lemurs
10:11in Madagascar.
10:13With a slender body,
10:15long tail,
10:16and soft fur,
10:17they look very graceful.
10:20Their fur color varies
10:22depending on the species.
10:24There are some that are creamy white
10:26or chocolate
10:27to black
10:28like this Sivaka Fero.
10:31However,
10:32the real uniqueness
10:33lies in the way they move.
10:35On the tree,
10:36Sivaka is an excellent jumper.
10:38They can jump
10:3910 meters away
10:40from one tree
10:41to another tree
10:43with speed
10:44and incredible precision.
10:46Sivaka has
10:47body length
10:48about 40 to 50 cm
10:51with tail
10:52which are almost the same length.
10:54Their weight can reach
10:563 to 6 kilograms.
10:59Their fur is usually white
11:00with some black marks
11:02or brown on the head,
11:04chest,
11:04or tail
11:05with big eyes
11:07and yellow
11:08which gives
11:09sharp eyesight
11:10to detect predators.
11:11Sivaka lives in dry forests,
11:18shrubs,
11:19and thorny forest areas
11:20in the south
11:21and western Madagascar.
11:23They are very dependent
11:25in the trees,
11:26but sometimes
11:27move on the ground
11:28to move
11:29between tree areas.
11:32Sivaka is
11:33herbivorous animals
11:34who consume
11:35leaf,
11:36flower,
11:37fruit,
11:38bark,
11:39and grains.
11:39Their food depends on
11:41on seasonal availability.
11:44In the dry season,
11:45they are more
11:46eat tree bark
11:46and dry leaves.
11:48Sivaka usually lives
11:50in small groups
11:51which contain
11:522-12 individuals.
11:54They have
11:55social structure
11:56led by females
11:58because they are
12:00Calculate material,
12:01same as
12:02other types of lemurs.
12:04They are
12:05diurnal animals
12:06or active
12:07at noon.
12:08most of the
12:09time spent
12:10to look for food,
12:12rest,
12:13and socialize.
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