From Lady Dai’s remarkably preserved mummy to ancient piranhas, buried treasure, and Egypt’s baffling discoveries, history is packed with unbelievable surprises. Explore the finds that still leave experts asking questions—and see which mystery grabs you!
Subscribe for more fascinating discoveries.
Tell us in the comments what you liked most about the video!
#History #Archaeology #AncientMysteries #Discoveries #Science
👉 This channel was created in collaboration with https://www.youtube.com/@kirtop-channel
The View by Pyrosion https://soundcloud.com/pyrosion Creative Commons — Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported — CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/twPg_hoYDkY
0:10 - Lady Dai and the Secrets of Her Mummy
6:16 - Ancient Piranhas and Their Evolution
12:09 - Strange and Mysterious Archaeological Discoveries
15:51 - The World's Greatest Treasure Hoards
21:28 - Humanity's Oldest Archaeological Finds
26:27 - Shocking Discoveries in Ancient Egypt
We're now available on Spotify! Listen now https://open.spotify.com/show/03446o1UkrphwLdUErZj1B
Subscribe for more fascinating discoveries.
Tell us in the comments what you liked most about the video!
#History #Archaeology #AncientMysteries #Discoveries #Science
👉 This channel was created in collaboration with https://www.youtube.com/@kirtop-channel
The View by Pyrosion https://soundcloud.com/pyrosion Creative Commons — Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported — CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/twPg_hoYDkY
0:10 - Lady Dai and the Secrets of Her Mummy
6:16 - Ancient Piranhas and Their Evolution
12:09 - Strange and Mysterious Archaeological Discoveries
15:51 - The World's Greatest Treasure Hoards
21:28 - Humanity's Oldest Archaeological Finds
26:27 - Shocking Discoveries in Ancient Egypt
We're now available on Spotify! Listen now https://open.spotify.com/show/03446o1UkrphwLdUErZj1B
Category
📚
LearningTranscript
00:09Hello, Honestly, you're on the Kirtop channel.
00:11Ancient civilizations have left us with a lot of unusual, strange, and mysterious things.
00:16And the older the discovery, the more unimaginable the theories and explanations become.
00:21Here, for example, Lady Dai, Shen Zwei, is one of the best preserved mummies in the world.
00:27And although her face looks swollen and severely deformed, the mummy's skin is still soft to the touch.
00:33There are no signs of shriveling or spasms, and her arms and legs can still bend.
00:38The internal organs were also preserved, and there is still blood remaining in the veins.
00:42So how was this achieved?
00:47While other mummies crumble at the slightest movement,
00:50the condition of Lady Dai's mummy allowed doctors to perform a full autopsy 2,100 years after her death.
00:57They were not only able to determine the cause of death, but also learned a lot about her life.
01:03Even her blood type was identified.
01:05The autopsy of Lady Dai is the most detailed medical profile ever created of an ancient human.
01:10Mummies of people, or animals, are dead bodies whose skin and organs have been preserved either accidentally or intentionally.
01:16Decomposition of tissues.
01:18Decomposition can be prevented by a lack of air, low humidity, high or low temperatures, or exposure to chemicals.
01:26This means that the body does not decompose as long as it is kept in a dry and cool place.
01:30Mummies have been found on every continent.
01:32For example, in Egypt, there are more than a million animal mummies, but mostly cats.
01:37In ancient Egypt, when a pharaoh died, it was believed that he simply passed into the afterlife
01:42and became one of several gods who were worshipped by people at that time.
01:46The Egyptians used protocols.
01:47These were mummification procedures to preserve bodies and prevent their decomposition.
01:51Intentional mummification was first recorded as far back as the time of the second dynasty.
01:55That is, in 3400 BC.
01:58Soon, it became an integral part of the Egyptian burial ritual.
02:01Of course, not for everyone.
02:03Sometimes, it took up to 70 days to properly embalm a body.
02:08In Asia, however, mummies are preserved only by chance.
02:11This is because people were buried in the right place, where the environment itself acted as a means for preserving
02:18the body.
02:18That's why Asian mummies are most often found in the desert regions of Iran and the Tarim Basin.
02:23Mummies are also found in the more humid Asian climate, but they are very difficult to restore
02:28because the bodies decompose very quickly after being taken out of the graves,
02:32due to the warm and humid conditions they are suddenly exposed to.
02:36The story of Lady Dai
02:38Lady Dai, or Xinjou, was an aristocrat from the Han Dynasty, Ling Chan.
02:43She led a luxurious lifestyle, so her tomb was filled with numerous luxury items
02:47that were only available to the most powerful people of that time.
02:50Among the findings were hundreds of exquisite silk items, pieces of clothing, various spices, flowers, and cosmetics.
02:56There were also numerous lacquerware items, musical instruments, and figurines of musicians in the tomb,
03:02and thousands of other objects.
03:04These findings clearly show that Lady Dai led a wealthy life, which she greatly enjoyed.
03:09It is obvious that Lady Dai wanted to keep all her possessions, even in the afterlife.
03:14The cause of Lady Dai's death
03:15It is believed that this luxurious lifestyle was the reason for her death.
03:19It is widely believed that Lady Dai was very beautiful in her youth,
03:24but later she overindulged in culinary delicacies, such as scorpion soup,
03:30until she went from petite to obese.
03:32The drawings on her burial tombstone show Lady Dai leaning on a cane.
03:36She may not have been able to walk without a cane due to coronary thrombosis and arteriosclerosis,
03:41which she developed as a result of a sedentary lifestyle.
03:44The autopsy also revealed a displaced disc in her spine, which caused severe back pain and made it difficult for
03:51her to move.
03:52Lady Dai was found to have parasites due to eating undercooked food and poor hygiene,
03:57as well as blocked arteries, serious heart disease, osteoporosis, and gallstones,
04:02one of which was in the bile duct, and this made her already poor condition even worse.
04:06Lady Dai died at the age of about 50 from a sudden heart attack brought on by her poor health.
04:14Her last meal was melon.
04:16Ironically, her tomb contained a massive collection of books about health, well-being, and longevity.
04:21On the tablets engraved with Chinese characters, there are recipes for traditional Chinese medicines,
04:26for treating headaches, paralysis, asthma, sexual, and other health problems.
04:31The discovery of Lady Dai's mummy.
04:33Dai's tomb was opened in 1971 at the Mawangdui archaeological site near the Chinese city of Changsha.
04:40Xinjui was found in 20 layers of silk in a set of four nested coffins of decreasing size.
04:48To maintain optimal humidity, her tomb was filled with charcoal, and the top was sealed with several layers of clay.
04:54This waterproof, airtight space effectively destroyed any bacteria that might have been inside
05:00and helped preserve the body in perfect condition.
05:04Archaeologists also found traces of mercury in the coffin.
05:07This serves as evidence that the toxic metal could have been used as an antibacterial agent.
05:11Lady Dai's body was soaked in an unknown acidic liquid, which also prevented the growth of bacteria.
05:17Some researchers believe that this liquid is simply moisture from the body
05:20and not some kind of preservative solution poured into the coffin.
05:24It still remains a mystery exactly how Lady Dai's body resisted decomposition,
05:28since many bodies buried in similar isolated environments have not survived to this day.
05:32The excavation of Lady Dai's body in Mawangdui, as well as those of her husband and son,
05:37is considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century.
05:41From the construction of the tombs to various burial artifacts,
05:44archaeologists were able to piece together a picture of the lifestyle led by aristocrats during the Han period.
05:49From the various dishes found in the tomb, and even from the contents of Lady Dai's stomach,
05:54scientists were able to reconstruct an amazingly detailed history of the dynasty's diet.
05:58Light was shed on agricultural practices, hunting methods, animal domestication, production, food preparation,
06:05the development of recipes, and the development of one of the world's great and enduring cuisines at a fundamental level,
06:10Lady Dai's body.
06:12Dai is now in the Hunan Provincial Museum, which can be visited at any time of the year.
06:16Hello friend, you're on the Cure Top channel.
06:19Scientists have discovered the remains of one of Earth's first piranhas in Bavaria,
06:23whose teeth were adapted for stripping meat from the bones of fish, dinosaurs, and other large animals of the Jurassic
06:29period.
06:30Watch the video until the end, and you'll find out which type of fish has survived since the time of
06:34the dinosaurs,
06:35and still lives today.
06:36And before you start watching, give the video a like so you don't forget.
06:39Thanks bro, let's go.
06:41The piranha is a freshwater fish that belongs to the class of rey-finned fishes,
06:45the subclass Neopterigi, the infraclass Teleosti, the superorder Osteriophysi, and the order of Kerasiformes.
06:52There are also different versions regarding the origin of the name piranha.
06:56According to one of them, the fish is named after the Portuguese word pirata, which means pirate.
07:01According to another version, the name comes from the words pira and anha,
07:05which in the Guarani language mean fish and evil, respectively.
07:08Sometimes the fish is called the river hyena or the Caribbean fish, the devil fish,
07:13a toothy fish or a toothy demon, nicknames that reflect its temperament and appearance.
07:18Alternatively, the names pariah and pariah are also used.
07:22Contrary to the common stereotype, among the dozens of piranha species, more than half eat plant food.
07:28There is even a variety that feeds on scales.
07:31The remaining species are typical predators, but only four of them are especially dangerous to humans and animals.
07:37All members of this fish family have very flat teeth adapted for crushing shells.
07:43That's why the discovery of the piranha was like finding a sheep whose jaws are adorned with the teeth of
07:48a wolf.
07:49Even more surprising was its age.
07:51All the fish we know from the Jurassic period swallowed their prey whole, rather than tearing pieces off,
07:57says Martina Kelbel from the Jurassic Museum in Eichstadt, Germany.
08:02Piranhas, which live in the waters of the Amazon and some other rivers in South America,
08:06are considered the most aggressive fish on Earth.
08:09They never miss an opportunity to attack animals or birds,
08:12swarming their prey in huge schools and tearing chunks of flesh from its body.
08:16Often, these fish accompany their actions with characteristic caw-like calls or barking sounds,
08:21the meaning of which scientists were able to decipher in October 2011.
08:26As excavations show, modern piranhas, despite their record-breaking bite force,
08:30were dwarfs compared to their ancient relatives who lived in the Amazon about 8 to 10 million years ago.
08:35For example, mega-piranhas could reach a length of 70 centimeters,
08:40and their jaws were so powerful that they could easily bite off a centimeter-thick piece
08:45from the bone of a cow or another large animal.
08:48So, Kelbel and her colleagues discovered a relatively small, but so far the oldest piranha on Earth
08:53while excavating in the central regions of Bavaria,
08:56not far from the place where the remains of Archaeopteryx, the most ancient early bird, were found.
09:01We found in this area of Bavaria imprints of fish bodies
09:04that were missing pieces of fins and other body parts.
09:07This is very similar to the kind of injuries that fish sustain over time.
09:11Fins, as is known, grow back,
09:13which provides a kind of inexhaustible source of food for these aggressive predators,
09:17explains David Bellwood, Kelbel's colleague from James Cook University in Townsville, Australia.
09:22Piranhas live in schools.
09:23This is typical for both young and adult individuals.
09:26In schools, they hunt, and it is precisely these group attacks
09:29that have given these fish their grim reputation.
09:31The behavior of predatory piranhas in the wild and in an aquarium is different.
09:35Predators living in the river are aggressive.
09:37They fear nothing, attack any prey they encounter.
09:40A piranha attack happens instantly and with the whole school at once.
09:44Fish are attracted by splashes and movements in the water.
09:47Once a predator smells blood, nothing can stop it.
09:50Eyewitnesses claim that a school of piranhas can strip a pig weighing up to 50 kilograms
09:54to the bone in just one minute.
09:56In captivity, the fish become timid,
09:58and in stressful situations, they behave unpredictably.
10:02When the aquarium is shaken or struck,
10:03they tip over onto their sides and fall to the bottom.
10:06But they quickly calm down and recover.
10:08Two years ago, Bellwood said he came across an extremely unusual fossil
10:12found next to its presumed victims.
10:14In appearance, it resembled fish from the Pycnodontiformes order,
10:18which inhabited shallow coral reefs and fed on small crustaceans and mollusks.
10:23Its owner, who was named Piranha mezzodon pinatumus,
10:27didn't quite fit in with their group.
10:29Her jaws, as shown by x-ray images of the fossil,
10:32were lined with five rows of sharp teeth,
10:34which had a characteristic dagger-like shape,
10:36similar to those found today among Amazonian piranhas.
10:39The jaws themselves couldn't open wide,
10:42but they had an incredible bite force.
10:44Scientists believe that these ancient piranhas,
10:46like their modern relatives,
10:48obtained their food quickly and aggressively,
10:50attacking larger and slower fish and biting off their fins,
10:54as well as feeding on the carcasses of marine reptiles and dinosaurs
10:57that died in the water for various reasons.
11:00Its discovery, as Bellwood notes,
11:02may suggest that the ancestors of piranhas
11:04originally lived not in freshwater bodies,
11:06but in coral reefs from where they could have made their way
11:09into the Amazon and other rivers of South America.
11:12Argentinian paleontologists have determined that ancient piranhas,
11:15which inhabited the river valleys of the Cenozoic era,
11:18reached up to a meter in length.
11:20This is almost four times larger than modern representatives of this predatory species.
11:24The fossil of this ancient fish is about 10 million years old.
11:28Moreover, a thorough study of paleontological data
11:31has allowed scientists to fill in the gaps
11:33in the evolutionary links of this species of tropical fish.
11:36Latimeria is the only modern genus of coelacanth fish
11:39and is considered a living fossil today.
11:41Currently, there are only two species of Latimeria.
11:44One lives off the eastern and southern coasts of Africa,
11:46and the second was first described only in 1997 and 1999
11:51near the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia.
11:54Interestingly, at the moment,
11:55scientists do not know what a young Latimeria looks like
11:58or where the young fish live during the first few years of their lives.
12:00No young individuals have been found during dives.
12:03It is believed that Latimeria appeared on Earth
12:05300 to 400 million years ago.
12:08Hello, friend.
12:10You are on the Kirtop channel.
12:12Watch this video until the end,
12:13and you will learn about the strangest and most mysterious discoveries
12:16made by archaeologists.
12:18Maybe being an archaeologist isn't the most thrilling profession,
12:21but it definitely has its own exciting moments.
12:24Of course, archaeologists don't find valuable mummies every day,
12:27but from time to time, you can come across something truly amazing,
12:31whether it's ancient computers, huge underground armies, or mysterious remains.
12:36The Venetian Vampire
12:38Today, every school kid knows that to kill a vampire,
12:41you need to drive an aspen stake through its heart.
12:44But a hundred years ago, that wasn't considered the only method.
12:47Let me introduce you to an ancient alternative,
12:49a brick in the mouth.
12:51Think about it.
12:52What's the best way to stop a vampire from drinking blood?
12:55Of course, by stuffing their mouth full of cement.
12:58The skull you're looking at in this photo
12:59was found by archaeologists on the outskirts of Venice in a mass grave.
13:03The first leper.
13:05Leprosy, also known as lepra,
13:07also known as Hansen's disease.
13:09It's not contagious,
13:10but people who suffered from it often lived on the fringes of society
13:13because of their disfigurement.
13:14Since, according to Hindu traditions,
13:16bodies are cremated,
13:17the skeleton in the photo, which is called the first leper,
13:20was buried outside the city.
13:21The Rosetta Stone
13:22Discovered in 1799
13:25by a French soldier digging in the Egyptian sand,
13:29the Rosetta Stone became one of the greatest archaeological finds to date
13:33and the main source of our modern understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphs.
13:38The stone is a fragment of a larger stone
13:39on which a decree of King Ptolemy V
13:42was written around 200 B.C.,
13:45translated into three languages,
13:47Egyptian hieroglyphs,
13:49Demotic script,
13:50and Ancient Greek.
13:50The De Keys Spheres
13:52They are also called the Stone Spheres of Costa Rica.
13:55Scientists believe that these petrospheres,
13:57almost perfect spheres that are now located at the mouth of the De Keys River,
14:01were carved around the turn of the millennium,
14:03but no one can say for sure what they were used for
14:06and for what purpose they were created.
14:08It can be assumed that they were symbols of celestial bodies
14:11or markers of boundaries between the lands of different tribes.
14:16Pseudoscientific authors often claim that these perfect spheres
14:18could not have been made by ancient people
14:20and associate them with the activities of extraterrestrial aliens.
14:24The Grabal Man
14:26Mummified bodies found in bogs aren't all that rare in archaeology,
14:30but this body, called the Grabal Man, is unique.
14:33It is not only perfectly preserved with intact hair and nails.
14:36Scientists were also able to determine the cause of his death
14:39based on the findings collected on and around the body.
14:42Judging by the large wound on his neck from ear to ear,
14:45it seems he was sacrificed to ask the gods for a good harvest.
14:50Tombs of Sunken Skulls
14:51While excavating the dried-up lakebed in Motala,
14:55Swedish archaeologists came across several skulls
14:57with sticks protruding from them.
14:59But apparently that wasn't enough.
15:00In this skull, scientists found pieces of other skulls.
15:03Whatever happened to these people 8,000 years ago, it was creepy.
15:07The Voynich Manuscript
15:08It's called the most mysterious manuscript in the world.
15:11The manuscript was created in the early 15th century in Italy.
15:16Most of the pages are filled with recipes for herbal infusions,
15:19but none of the plants depicted match any known today,
15:22and the language in which the manuscript is written
15:24is completely impossible to decipher.
15:26Moa of Mount Owen
15:28In 1986, an expedition ventured deeper and deeper
15:32into the cave system of Mount Owen in New Zealand,
15:35when suddenly they stumbled upon a huge part of a foot,
15:38which you are looking at right now.
15:40It was so well-preserved that it seemed as if its owner had died quite recently,
15:44but later, it turned out that the foot belonged to a moa,
15:47a giant prehistoric bird with a terrifying set of sharp claws.
15:50Hello, my friend.
15:51You're on the CureTop channel.
15:53This is dedicated to all treasure hunters,
15:55whether they dig for treasure or search for it elsewhere.
15:57The largest treasures ever found from all corners of the world.
16:01Did you play pirates or bandits as a child?
16:03Then you probably drew a map with an X at least once,
16:06and then pretended to search for a valuable treasure,
16:09like a chest of gold, for example.
16:12Well, the treasures I'm going to tell you about today
16:14were really found by lucky people or true adventurers.
16:18But unlike your childhood trinkets,
16:20these valuables are worth much more.
16:22Much more.
16:22The most interesting thing is that sometimes a treasure
16:25is found practically right under your nose.
16:27A treasure in the foundation of a building
16:29in the city of Sroda Slanska in 1985,
16:33builders started repairing an old building
16:35and discovered a treasure in the foundation
16:37dating back to the early 14th century.
16:40In a sealed vase,
16:41there were more than 3,000 rare coins,
16:44medallions, and a gold crown.
16:46The find is valued at $150 million.
16:50Currently, the treasure is on display
16:52at the Rotswaff Museum,
16:53sunken silver off the coast of Ireland.
16:55In 2012, searchers recovered about 48 tons of silver
17:00from the ocean floor.
17:01The treasure became one of the largest silver finds.
17:04Its value was estimated at $38 million.
17:07The valuable cargo was on a military transport ship
17:10that sank after an attack by German submarines.
17:12The treasure was found
17:13after the British Ministry of Transport
17:15announced the reward.
17:16Half a million gold and silver coins near San Francisco.
17:19In 2007, the company Odyssey Marine Exploration,
17:23which specializes in geological exploration,
17:26found a Spanish ship on the continental shelf.
17:28Gold and silver coins were discovered on board.
17:31After the treasure was found,
17:32a terrible scandal broke out.
17:34The Spanish government demanded the treasure be returned,
17:36while the gold itself had been taken
17:37from the territory of Peru.
17:39A treasure was found
17:40in the foundation of a temple in India.
17:41In 2011, gold was discovered
17:44in the foundation of a temple
17:45near Manabhavaswami.
17:46Its value was estimated at $22 billion,
17:49and it weighed more than 30 tons.
17:52The son of the last maharaja was present
17:54when the treasure was uncovered.
17:55A hoard of 50,000 Roman coins
17:57dated to the year 290 AD.
18:00The hoard was found in 2010 by David Crisp.
18:04He is an amateur treasure hunter.
18:05The treasure is valued at only $5 million.
18:08The hoard is most valuable
18:10from a historical perspective.
18:11This is because during this period,
18:13the Roman Empire was experiencing an economic crisis,
18:15and the quality of the coins is very low,
18:18while the hoard itself represents
18:19four years' pay for a legionary soldier.
18:21The discovered coins can be seen
18:23at the British Museum.
18:24A ship carrying platinum from the USSR,
18:27the platinum cargo was supposed to be delivered
18:29to New York during World War II.
18:30This platinum was used to pay for Allied assistance,
18:33but the ship was sunk by a German submarine.
18:35It's very difficult to estimate
18:36the value of this treasure.
18:37According to preliminary estimates,
18:39it's worth $3 billion.
18:41It was found by the treasure hunter Greg Brooks.
18:43The treasure found in Staffordshire
18:44is the largest treasure ever discovered in England,
18:47and it was found in 2009.
18:49The treasure was found by the treasure hunter Terry Herbert.
18:51Almost all the items date back to the 7th century AD.
18:55The hoard consists of silver and gold objects.
18:58Their total weight is 7.5 kilograms,
19:00and there are as many as 1,500 pieces.
19:03These include weapons, tableware, as well as jewelry,
19:06Celtic treasures on the island of Jersey.
19:09Archaeologists who were excavating
19:10on the island of Jersey in Britain
19:11discovered a cache of Celtic treasures.
19:14The hoard was hidden about 2,000 years ago.
19:16Most likely, it was concealed from the Roman troops
19:18who invaded the British Isles.
19:20Now, the value of the jewelry and coins
19:22is estimated at $17 million.
19:25The Norishkin Treasures in St. Petersburg
19:27The hoard was found during the renovation of a mansion
19:29where the Trubetskoy Norishkins lived.
19:31During the renovation, a secret room was discovered
19:33that was not marked on the building plans.
19:35Inside, there were entire caches of silverware
19:37with the Norishkin family crest,
19:39as well as awards and jewelry.
19:40The tableware is in magnificent condition
19:42because it was wrapped in linen cloth soaked in vinegar.
19:45This hiding place was created in 1917.
19:48The treasure was valued at 189 million rubles.
19:53Rare coins from a German library
19:54In the state library of the city of Passau,
19:58cleaning lady Tani Hells
19:59accidentally discovered rare coins in 2011.
20:02Tani took her find to the management.
20:04The treasure is valued at several million euros.
20:07This stash contained very rare Byzantine, Greek, and Roman coins.
20:11It is believed that this collection was hidden from the authorities in 1803
20:15because the authorities were taking monastery coins and books for government needs.
20:20The treasures were found off the coast of Florida, USA.
20:23This hoard was discovered in 1984
20:25by an archaeologist who specializes in underwater excavations.
20:29The value of the hoard is estimated at $15 million.
20:33It was located on a sunken ship built in the 18th century.
20:37The treasures of the Spanish Atocha
20:39Atocha, the galleon Atocha, was loaded with treasures.
20:43For two months, with great difficulty,
20:45the ship finally managed to set sail.
20:47But it never reached Spain.
20:49The vessel sank off the coast of Florida.
20:51The Spanish authorities repeatedly tried to raise the hoard from the bottom,
20:54but all attempts were unsuccessful.
20:56And only in 1985, Mel Fisher was lucky enough to find the treasure.
21:01To search for it, Mel created an entire company,
21:03Treasures Sailworks Inc.,
21:04and was also able to find investors for funding.
21:07While searching for the treasure,
21:08Mel's team surveyed about 120 square miles of the seafloor.
21:11The value of the recovered treasures is estimated at $450 million.
21:16It is believed that treasures worth $500 million from this ship
21:20have not been found and probably never will be.
21:23Human history began relatively recently,
21:25if we consider the history of the Earth on a planetary scale.
21:29But for us, and for our ancestors, this is a colossal span of time.
21:33Today, our channel will tell you about the oldest archaeological finds
21:36from ancient human cultures that have been officially recorded
21:39and confirmed by specialists.
21:41Strangely enough, the oldest example of abstract art
21:44is this mollusk shell from the island of Java, Indonesia.
21:48A team of scientists from Leiden University in the Netherlands
21:50concluded that the shell is at least half a million years old.
21:54The marks on its surface were carved in the shape of zigzag patterns,
21:58and the tool used was most likely shark teeth,
22:00which were found at the same site as the main discovery.
22:03But when it comes to cave paintings,
22:04the oldest ones are considered to be the artworks found in caves
22:06on the island of Sulawesi in the eastern part of Borneo.
22:09According to scientists,
22:10these drawings are at least 40,000 years old.
22:13The images are stencils of hands and depictions of local animals.
22:17One of them, depicting a babirusa, is 35,500 years old,
22:23which makes it the oldest known work of visual art.
22:26Before that, the oldest were considered to be the images of animals
22:28from the late Paleolithic found in the Chauvet Cave in France.
22:32Archaeologists estimate their age to be 30 to 32,000 years.
22:36And a couple more words about art.
22:37The oldest musical instruments to date are bone flutes
22:40found in the upper reaches of the Danube in southern Germany.
22:44One flute is made from mammoth bone, the other from bird bone.
22:47Professor Nick Conrad estimates his find to be 42,000 to 43,000 years old.
22:52It is likely that people came to this area
22:54just before the onset of global cooling,
22:57and this place was used as a place to rest and socialize.
23:00The oldest masks are a collection of early human creations,
23:04which are 9,000 years old.
23:06The stylized masks have several holes along the edges,
23:10which were most likely used to hold them on the head with straps.
23:13The masks were discovered in the territory of modern Israel,
23:16in the Judean hills, in the Judean desert,
23:18and are now on display at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.
23:22The oldest tools ever found were discovered in Gona, Ethiopia.
23:26Archaeologists estimate their age to be about 2.5 to 2.6 million years.
23:31This makes them not only the oldest tools in the world,
23:33but also the oldest artifacts known to date.
23:35Similar hide scrapers have been found in other parts of Africa as well.
23:39Their estimated age ranges from 2.3 million to 2.4 million years.
23:45The Venus of Holfels is a world-famous sculpture in the shape of a female figure,
23:49which is the oldest figurine depicting a human in the world.
23:52It is about 40,000 years old.
23:54Notably, the shapes of the breasts and buttocks are greatly exaggerated.
23:58The Venus was found in caves in the Swabian Jura region near Ulm, Germany.
24:03The figurine was discovered broken into six pieces at a depth of about three meters,
24:08lying in a pile of animal debris and other remains.
24:10According to most experts, the first official coin was the Lydian stator,
24:15minted at the court of King Aliates in Lydia, in what is now modern-day Turkey.
24:19It is made of electrum, an alloy of gold and silver, which is heavier than regular gold.
24:23In ancient times, the alloy was called white gold.
24:26Gradually, coins made their way to ancient Greece,
24:29and from there, the entire Western world adopted them.
24:31However, before state-issued coins appeared,
24:34many influential guilds and merchants produced special tokens that were used in trade.
24:39The oldest surviving intact European book is the St. Cuthbert Gospel,
24:44also known as the St. Cuthbert Gospel of John.
24:46The exact definition of the word book is still a subject of heated debate among scholars to this day.
24:51Therefore, it is worth noting that this manuscript is specifically the oldest hardcover book
24:56that has survived to our time in good condition.
24:58This copy of the Gospel of John was written in the 7th century
25:01and placed in the coffin of St. Cadberg more than 1,300 years ago.
25:07The oldest wooden building still standing is located in the Buddhist temple
25:10Horiyu-ji in Ikoruga, Nara Prefecture, Japan.
25:14It's not just one, but four buildings from the Asuka period,
25:17whose construction began in 587 AD.
25:20Emperor Yomei ordered them to be built as a prayer hall,
25:22although at that time Kyoto was not yet the capital of Japan,
25:25and Buddhism was still a very young religion.
25:27The construction of the complex was completed in 607,
25:31but after a fire, it was only reconstructed in 710.
25:35The oldest working mechanical clock is located in Salisbury Cathedral, England.
25:39It was made by order of Bishop Urgem in 1386.
25:43Six gears of the wheel are connected to the cathedral bell by ropes,
25:46and this is not by accident.
25:47The English word clock comes from the German glaucca, meaning bell,
25:52because in the very beginning, mechanical clocks had a special bell inside.
25:56The appearance of mechanical clocks, which gradually replaced sundials and water clocks,
26:01marked the beginning of more precise timekeeping.
26:03Mechanical clocks in Milan, Italy were constructed even earlier, in 1335,
26:08but they no longer work today.
26:09Looking at the shell covered with deep scratches,
26:11it's hard to believe that this is the oldest example of abstract human art,
26:16which is about 500, 500,000 years old.
26:20And what about the stone scrapers made 2.5 million years ago?
26:24The ancient history of humanity still holds many, many mysteries.
26:27The Egyptian pyramids are one of the wonders of the world,
26:29fascinating humanity for thousands of years with their mystery.
26:31How many secrets are held by the massive pyramids and the impassive face of the Sphinx?
26:35And all of Egyptian history is full of mysteries,
26:37and sometimes the discoveries made by scientists in ancient Giza and near the pyramids.
26:41And throughout the former territory of ancient Egypt,
26:43these discoveries raise more questions than they provide answers.
26:46Before I start telling you about 15 shocking discoveries made by archaeologists in Egypt,
26:51I want to ask you to subscribe to our channel, Kir Kirtat,
26:54and click the bell icon.
26:55In 2005, in the Sahara, an Italian archaeologist discovered strange rock drawings.
27:00He kept silent about them for 11 years,
27:02not knowing how to interpret them.
27:03And only in 2016 did he announce that the drawings depicted a scene familiar to all Christians,
27:08the nativity, with a stable and the baby in a manger.
27:11But the rock painting is at least 5,000 years old.
27:14That means it was made three millennia before the birth of Christ.
27:17So what does the rock drawing actually depict?
27:19That's a mystery.
27:20The remains of a whale that is 40 million years old.
27:23In 1902, in the desert area of Wadi al-Hitan,
27:28archaeologists discovered well-preserved remains of an ancient ancestor of the whale.
27:32Bacillosaurus, which lived here 40 million years ago.
27:35The animal was either pregnant or had eaten another of its kind shortly before its death,
27:38because there was another Bacillosaurus inside its belly.
27:41Since then, nine more Bacillosaurus skeletons have been discovered in the same area,
27:45including the only complete and untouched skeleton known to scientists today.
27:48This area has long been called the Valley of the Whales,
27:51which sounds extremely mysterious considering that today it is a barren desert.
27:54One of the strangest and most recent discoveries found near the pyramids south of Giza is
27:5924 empty black granite boxes, each weighing more than 100 tons.
28:04Scientists were shocked by the precision of the work on the hard stone
28:07and still remain unaware of the purpose of these boxes,
28:10which were made more than 3,000 years ago.
28:13Some even claim that the boxes were not made by the ancient Egyptians,
28:16but were left on Earth by mysterious visitors from the stars.
28:19The oldest giant skeleton.
28:21The body of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh, Sanakt,
28:24is considered the oldest known remains of a giant human.
28:27His height reached 1 meter 90 centimeters.
28:30This was unheard of for ancient people.
28:32According to scientists who studied Sanakt's skeleton,
28:35this was the first known case of true gigantism on Earth.
28:38An Egyptian named Naji discovered a secret passage under the basement of his house.
28:41It turned out that the passage led to one of the Great Pyramids of Giza.
28:44While digging in his vegetable garden,
28:45a 33-year-old resident of the village of Al-Haromea
28:49discovered a tunnel lined with stone slabs,
28:51which led directly into the Khufu-Keops pyramid.
28:55Archaeologists believe that in ancient times,
28:56this passage led to a secret temple on the banks of the Nile.
28:59However, they still have a long way to go
29:01in uncovering the true purpose of this ancient tunnel.
29:03The youngest mummy was discovered by British archaeologists in 1907.
29:07An unborn human embryo was placed in a miniature coffin.
29:11According to scientists' estimates,
29:12its age was 16 to 18 weeks.
29:15It is believed that it died as a result of a miscarriage suffered by the mother.
29:18The care with which the embryo was buried
29:20demonstrates the great respect the Egyptians had for the mystery of human life.
29:24The mummy of Tutankhamen was one of the most astonishing discoveries made by Egyptologists.
29:28But what surprised them even more
29:29was that the pharaoh who was buried according to all Egyptian traditions
29:32differed from other mummies in one small detail.
29:35He was placed in the tomb with a fully erect penis.
29:38Strengthened with resin,
29:39the organ was raised at a 90-degree angle.
29:42Scientists do not know why this was done,
29:44but they suggest that it has something to do with Tutankhamen's religious activities,
29:47who rejected the new sun worship religion imposed by his father.
29:50And during his short reign,
29:51he was in power from age 10 to 19.
29:54He tried to bring the people back to the old gods.
29:57Cosmic Jewelry
29:57The jewelry discovered in 1911,
30:00in a tomb in the village of El-Gerze,
30:02which is estimated to be 5,000 years old,
30:05is considered the oldest on Earth.
30:07The beads were made from cosmic iron,
30:09brought to Earth by meteorites,
30:10almost 2,000 years before the Iron Age,
30:13and were strung together into a single necklace
30:15with pieces of gold and precious stones.
30:17But for science,
30:18the iron beads are the most precious.
30:20The presence of cobalt and germanium
30:22confirms their cosmic origin,
30:23and their age suggests that perhaps
30:25they were not processed on Earth at all,
30:27since blacksmithing did not exist at that time.
30:29One of the most interesting discoveries
30:31was the mummies of 47 young crocodiles.
30:35According to scientists,
30:36they were sacrificed to the crocodile god Sobek.
30:39Some Egyptologists even believe
30:40that the Egyptians specifically raised crocodiles
30:42for sacrifices to Sobek, the river god,
30:44although captured adult crocodiles
30:45were objects of worship for them.
30:47In the 1970s,
30:48a book of spells was discovered in ancient Egypt,
30:50which was 1,300 years old.
30:53It was written in the 17th or 18th century
30:56in the Coptic language.
30:58The book has not yet been fully deciphered,
31:00but scientists have already found love spells,
31:02spells for exercising evil spirits,
31:05healing spells, and curses in it.
31:07Scientists have called it
31:07the Egyptian handbook of magical powers.
31:09They believe that the still undeciphered part of the book
31:12holds even more secrets
31:13that will reveal the truth about ancient beliefs.
31:15The underwater city, Heraklion,
31:17called Thonis in Egyptian,
31:19was a major trading city of antiquity.
31:20According to legend,
31:21it was founded by Alexander the Great.
31:23It was here that Cleopatra was crowned.
31:25For many years,
31:26it was believed to have been wiped off the face of the earth.
31:28Some scientists even considered it mythical,
31:30like Troy once was.
31:31But archaeologists managed to discover it
31:33in the sea near the mouth of the Nile
31:34at a depth of 50 meters.
31:36Heraklion was discovered quite recently,
31:38in the night year 2000.
31:39And since then,
31:40its countless treasures
31:41have been revealing new secrets of history
31:43to archaeologists.
31:44Breweries for the gods
31:45The ancient Egyptians loved to drink
31:47and even held special festivals of drunkenness.
31:49They also had special breweries dedicated to the gods.
31:52This became known when archaeologists
31:54recently found a 3,000-year-old tomb
31:56with an inscription stating that it was the burial place
31:59of the chief brewer of the god of the dead.
32:01Egyptologists confirm,
32:03alcohol in ancient Egypt played an important role
32:05both as a means of entertainment for people
32:06and as an offering to the gods.
32:08And beer was both the most popular
32:10and the most accessible type of drink.
32:11Six prehistoric species of bats.
32:13In 2008, during excavations near Cairo,
32:17while studying fossilized remains,
32:19archaeologists discovered the skeletons
32:21of six prehistoric species of bats.
32:23The most astonishing thing
32:25was that none of them were extinct,
32:26but rather related to species that exist today.
32:29This made scientists seriously reconsider
32:31the origins of modern bats.
32:32It was previously believed
32:34that they first appeared in Europe,
32:35but now it turns out
32:36that they may have originated in North Africa.
32:37A real underground labyrinth of 1,500 rooms
32:40was discovered beneath Giza in 2008.
32:43The Egyptian authorities tried to deny its existence,
32:46but scientists still brought the truth to the world.
32:48But what was the purpose of this underground city?
32:50So far, scientists know no more about it
32:52than politicians do.
32:53The boats of Abydos were intended
32:54to transport pharaohs to the afterlife.
32:56They were found in the sands of Egypt
32:57and their age was estimated at 3,000 years.
33:00Archaeologists found a total of 14 boats,
33:02each ranging from 18 to 25 meters in length.
33:06Each one could hold 30 rowers.
33:08This giant fleet still amazes historians
33:11with its power and perfection.
33:12Before the discovery of the Abydos boats,
33:14they considered the Egyptians
33:15to be much less skilled in shipbuilding.
33:17If you enjoyed the video,
33:18give it a big thumbs up
33:19and leave a kind comment.
33:21Goodbye, everyone.