00:00How did Israel's territory change over time?
00:02Ancient Israel was made up of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah,
00:05but they were eventually conquered, and the region switched hands many times.
00:09Under Roman rule, the Jews rebelled,
00:11so Rome crushed the revolts and scattered many Jews across the empire.
00:14Over time, Jews became a minority in the region,
00:17and for nearly 2,000 years there was no independent Jewish state.
00:20Everything changed when Britain took Palestine from the Ottomans.
00:23By then, Zionism was growing, and Jews began moving to Palestine,
00:27where a large Arab population already lived.
00:30The Holocaust accelerated Jewish immigration,
00:32and the UN eventually proposed dividing Palestine into Jewish and Arab states.
00:37In 1948, Israel declared independence, and neighboring Arab countries declared war,
00:41but somehow Israel won and expanded beyond the proposed border.
00:45In the Six-Day War, Israel won and expanded again.
00:48Israel later returned Sinai to Egypt,
00:50and allowed Palestinian self-rule in parts of Gaza and the West Bank.
00:54But in 2023, Hamas attacked Israel,
00:57beginning another war in which Israel again occupied Gaza.
