00:02Today we invited ourselves to the Institute of Microbiology here in Kazan and I know for
00:07sure that they will tell us everything about fungi. Hello, Uzil Shavkatovna. Where am I? Who is here?
00:17What is happening here? Where are you? Please tell me what is this place? It's so amazing.
00:22Good afternoon. We are at the Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology which
00:27has a history of more than 120 years.
00:41Guzan Shavkatovna, you are a professor, a doctor of medical sciences. How serious is the problem
00:46of fungal diseases now, mycosis in general? What can you say, how acute is this issue now?
00:52How serious is it at the current moment? Fungi, micromiesets, have been known since ancient
00:59times and they were mainly studied as biological objects which are found in the environment
01:06and basically they were mostly considered from a biological point of view but not from a medical
01:19perspective. All microorganisms, particularly fungi, we divide into three groups. That is those
01:26that live in soil, in the environment, we call them geophilic, long microorganisms. Those that live in
01:34humans are anthropophilic, those that live in animals are zoophilic and among them, of course, a large part
01:43are pathogenic. These are anthropophilic mycomycetes which infect humans and are transmitted from person
01:51to person but usually through contact when certain transmission factors are present.
02:01Almost everyone gets infected when the pathogen is present but not everyone develops an infectious
02:07process because for it to develop you still need all three elements of the triad. You need a pathogen,
02:14you need a transmission factor and third a susceptible organism.
02:19If a person is susceptible they will perceive this pathogen as a threat and the body reacts to
02:27this pathogen in the form of clinical symptoms.
02:41Still, going back a bit to the history of the beauty parlour or salon, I mean manicure, pedicure, yes.
02:48And for me as a client, how can I tell that the place I'm going to
02:53at least follow the necessary number of safety measures.
02:57So I should see that antiseptics are being used, right? That all the surfaces are cleaned,
03:02right? With special disinfectant solutions that, for example, sterile instruments are used and opened
03:08in front of you. Well, in my case I actually have an autoclave. These are special sterilization pouches.
03:14You can always easily tell them apart, right? I mean like general cleaning is done or something else.
03:19What other measures are needed specifically in terms of the client's safety?
03:24What you've listed I think is probably enough, yes, in general.
03:29And ideally, if the salon, let's put it this way, cares about its image,
03:34even I, I might suggest doing laboratory tests, swabbing the surfaces, even though it's not required
03:43by law. But if you want to make sure, once again, that you're doing everything right,
03:48you can do the procedure of taking swaps, for example, and I think you'll be confident that
03:55you're doing everything correctly.
04:01What do you think about the fact that now there's this somewhat unusual profession called the
04:06podologist? I mean, we clean, remove old skin, file heals, you know, all those things. For nails
04:12with a fungal infection, so it's easier for doctors to treat them later. But despite all that, most often
04:17such a specialist doesn't have a higher medical education. So from your scientific point of view,
04:22what do you think about this? There should be motivation in everything. Absolutely. We need to
04:25understand our faults. We need to understand your boundaries.
04:30That is, well, if you have a client like that, whom you can see visually, has symptoms of a fungal
04:38infection of the feet. There are certain changes in the nail plate. Because these fungi basically are
04:48located in the nail plate and they don't really spread beyond it. And if there are any changes,
04:58then I think that, first of all, such a specialist should inform the client that it would be better
05:04for you to consult a specialist, in this case a dermatologist.
05:14What if someone finds out that you have a fungal infection? It's such a shameful disease.
05:19It can happen to anyone because absolutely everyone is sensitive to this pathogen, yes. But only at
05:28different times where sensitivity varies.
05:39That's why I think we should advise these clients to see doctors and get qualified medical help.
05:50There is no need to be afraid because our approach in medicine is now personalized. And with the help of
05:58laboratory methods and research, we can select the range of medications that will be most effective
06:04against this particular pathogen and for this specific patient.
06:16I've already asked this and I want to draw your attention to the brickwork here, which is over 100,
06:22120 years old. It's original and they decided to preserve it, just like the tiles, the steps you
06:27have there and the handrails. Wrote iron, very beautiful. Could you tell us a little about what's
06:32here? Because it's really wonderful. Well, here there are some exhibits that have been preserved since
06:41the time when the Department of Microbiology existed at this institute.
06:49When the institute was opened, its founder and the first director were working in Taradal.
06:56The Soviet director. The director was Alistovsky Vyacheslav Mikhailovich. If we look at the map,
07:04here is his portrait. He founded the Department of Microbiology here and classes with students were
07:12held in these rooms. Well, here are some examples. Smaller way. But this is needed for, let's say,
07:25determining the mass. I need to touch one. Could you please? Just this one right here. Subtitles provided
07:30by Simon. This is also a weight and this is also a weight. Such tiny ones. Yes, there were no
07:36electronic
07:37scales. There were this kind of weights and so on. And here I really want to ask, this cabinet, is
07:43it what
07:44I think it is? Ah, well, yes, this is a dry heat sterilizer, which, well, pro, well, great grandpa, GP10,
07:53yes, great grandpa. You can do that? Or maybe it's better not to? Well, I think that you can open
07:58it,
07:58basically. There is something unexpected, right? From the inside. Yeah, well, that's how it is there.
08:03And this is what GP used to look like.
08:11So, I mean, a fungus isn't some kind of evil thing, right? It's not like Zeus got angry and
08:16now you have a fungus. These are scientifically explainable conditions that logically occur.
08:22Am I right? So, there are causes and there are effects. This is what nail damage looks like.
08:27Well, it's not pretty. You need to deal with it. So, it's not something that happens out of
08:31ill will. Here is the conclusion I want to make for him. No.
08:34There is no such thing as a cruel fate. Here, it's just that all the elements came together at one
08:41point and just fit together like a puzzle, just so it could be torn apart. You need to
08:49break apart one of these, let's say, components. We need to break the vicious cycle.
08:54In this case, we fight against microorganisms. We eat properly. We exercise. And teaching good
09:02hygiene at home is also very important. From childhood, teach that everyone should have their
09:08own personal items. Personalize them, starting from a toothbrush up to a towel.
09:14Let's put something on our feet. Cweta, you know, it's really particular. There should be a separate
09:18towel just for your feet. And for example, after a shower, you need to wipe between your toes
09:23with that towel. Because some people have toes that are like really close together. The water,
09:29the moisture just doesn't dry out. As a result, it gets all raw, sores can appear and who knows what
09:34else. Actually, only your institute knows what else could develop there. So basically, we just
09:38just weren't taught by our parents. Just like our parents couldn't teach us how to choose shoes in
09:43the right size. For example, I am involved in also footwear issues, in podiatry and all that. And most
09:48people don't even know what their shoe size is or how to choose it correctly. Like you. You try them
09:53on,
09:53the insoles and realize that at the very least, your toes end up getting squeezed. Why is my banyum
09:57growing? Why did my toenium fall off? I don't know. And then you get fungus on top of that.
10:02Of course, they cause problems. But that's because our parents didn't teach us.
10:07Of course. It's a predisposing factor. Increased and so on. All of this leads to
10:15these problems later on. I want to say a big thank you for giving us your time. You really
10:21showed us so much. You gave us a lot of useful information. Thank you very much. Come visit us
10:26again. We are always happy to have guests. Whatever new developments appear in the field of science
10:32and mycology in particular, we will share them with everyone. We are very happy about this kind
10:38of cooperation. Thank you very much.
